BDwbU- 6

myweavewÂZ wkï I we‡kl wkï

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

BDwbU 6 myweavewÂZ I we‡kl wkï

f‚wgKv

we`¨vj‡q †hme wkïiv †jLvcov Ki‡Z Av‡m Zv‡`i AwaKvskB my¯’ ¯^vfvweK wkï| G‡`i
evB‡i hviv we`¨vj‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡`i g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q wewfbœ mgm¨v| †hgb A‡b‡K
`vwi`ª I mvgvwRK Pv‡c we`¨vj‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i bv, Avevi †KD †KD kvixwiK I gvbwmK
cÖwZeÜKZvi Kvi‡Y we`¨vj‡q Avm‡Z cv‡i bv| GB me wkï‡`iB mvaviYfv‡e myweavewÂZ
I we‡kl wkï ejv nq|

myweavewÂZ I we‡kl wkïiv †h‡nZz mvaviY wkï‡`i PvB‡Z wfbœ cÖK…wZi nq ZvB Zv‡`i
wk¶v †`Iqvi Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’v I m‡PZb wk¶‡Ki cÖ‡qvRb| hw`I GBme wkï‡`i Rb¨
c„_K we`¨vjq i‡q‡Q ZviciI G‡`i g‡a¨ †_‡K K‡qKRb wkï mvaviY we`¨vj‡q‡I P‡j
Av‡m| myZivs †mB w`KwUi K_v we‡ePvq †i‡LB GB BDwb‡U myweavewÂZ I we‡kl wkï‡`i
Dci †gvU cuvPwU cvV cÖYqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q:

cvV- 6.1: myweav ewÂZ wkï

cvV- 6.2: myweav ewÂZ wkï‡`i wkLb mgm¨v
cvV- 6.3: we‡kl ev e¨wZµgag©x wkï
cvV- 6.4: e¨wZµgag©x wkïi Dci cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖfve
cvV- 6.5: we‡kl wk¶v

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 132

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 6.1 myweavewÂZ wkï

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i wPwýZ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v, cwi‡ekMZ ˆewiZv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z
cvi‡eb|

wkïivB GKwU †`‡ki †kªô m¤ú`| Zviv wb‡R‡`i‡K Dchy³ bvMwiK wnmv‡e M‡o †Zvjvi
hZ †ewk my‡hvM cv‡e †`k I RvwZi fwel¨rI n‡e ZZ †ewk D¾¡j| †Kbbv GB wkïivB
GKw`b †`k I RvwZi †bZ…Z¡ wb‡R‡`i Kv‡a Zz‡j wb‡q c„w_exi Kv‡Q Avgv‡`i gyL D¾j
Ki‡e|

Avgv‡`i †`‡ki †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq A‡a©KB n‡”Q wkï A_©vr 15 eQi eq‡mi wb‡P| GB
wkï‡`i mevB †hgb m”Qj cwievi fz³ bq †Zgwb kixi I gb gvbwmKZvi w`K w`‡qI
mevB my¯’ bv| G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK wkï i‡q‡Q hviv A_©‰bwZK Kvi‡Y A‡bK myweav †fvM
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Avevi A‡b‡K Avw_©K mg_© _vKv m‡Ë¡I kvixwiK ev gvbwmK Kvi‡Y mvaviY
wkï‡`i g‡Z Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GB cv‡V GB me mgm¨vMÖ¯Í wkï‡`i K_vB
Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e|

wPÎ 6.1.1: mgv‡Ri myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i K‡qKRb|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 133

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

myweavewÂZ wkïiv mgv‡R Ggb wKQy wkï i‡q‡Q hviv ¯^vfvweK cwi‡ek †_‡K AvMZ wkï‡`i PvB‡Z wKQyUv
wfbœ| A_©vr GB me wkï‡`i Av_© mvgvwRK Ae¯’v AZ¨šÍ wbgœgv‡bi Zv‡`i mvs¯‹…wZK cUf‚wg
bvbvw`K w`‡q wcwQ‡q
`ye©j Ges RxebhvÎvi w`K w`‡qI Zviv wbK…ó gv‡bi Rxeb hvcb K‡i| GB me wkïiv †h
_v‡K
mvaviY †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i †P‡q eyw×, Kg©¶gZv I wk¶vMZ K…wZ‡Z¡i w`K w`‡q wcwQ‡q _v‡K
ZvB bq eis †h e¨e¯’v¸‡jv gvbyl‡K DbœwZi w`‡K wb‡q hvq †m me my‡hvM †_‡KI Zviv
ewÂZ| GQvov Rb¥MZ µwU, bvbvwea c½yZ¡ I weKvkRwbZ mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y †hme wkïiv
mgm¨vMÖ¯Í n‡q co‡Q Zviv ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i gZ mnR cÖvc¨ myweav¸‡jv †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i
bv|

iv¯Ívi wkï, wkï kªwgK, cwiZ¨³ wkï ev GB ai‡Yi AmsL¨ wkïivB, Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z
cÖPwjZ wk¶v ev Ab¨vb¨ my‡hvM myweav †_‡K ewÂZ _v‡K| Avevi †`Lv †M‡Q, hviv me iKg
wk¶vi my‡hvM MÖnY Ki‡Z cvi‡Q Zv‡`i g‡a¨ †KD †KD nqZ wk¶v †¶‡Î wcwQ‡q i‡q‡Q ev
AbMÖmi| wkï‡`i GB AbMÖmi nIqvi wcQ‡b A‡bK KviY i‡q‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ eyw×i ¯^íZv,
cwi‡ekMZ ˆewiZv, A_©‰bwZK Am”QjZv Ges m‡e©vcwi wkïi e¨w³MZ wewfbœ ˆewkóvejx
cÖavb| Z‡e g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h, †Kej eyw× Kg nIqv wcwQ‡q covi GKgvÎ wbY©vqK bq|
ˆeix cwi‡ek wkï‡`i wk¶v AR©‡bi c‡_I evav n‡q `uvovq Ges A_©‰bwZK Am”QjZv DbœZ
cwi‡ek MV‡bi AšÍivq wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| GLv‡b GB `ywU wel‡qi Dci wKQyUv Av‡jvKcvZ
Kiv nj|

cwi‡ekMZ ˆewiZv

†h †Kvb iKg ˆeix cwi‡ek wkï‡`i Dci `viæb cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i| wkï Rb¥MÖnY K‡iB
ax‡i ax‡i Zvi cwi‡ek‡K wPb‡Z wk‡L| Zvi cwi‡ek hw` Amy¯’ I mgm¨vMÖ¯Í nq Zvn‡j
wkï Zv‡ZB wb‡R‡K Lvc LvB‡q †bq| A_©vr wkï Amy¯’ cwi‡e‡ki Dc‡hvMx K‡iB wb‡R‡K
M‡o Zz‡j| AmvgvwRK cj- x, ew¯Í GjvKv, ARcvovMv, `wi`ª RbemwZ BZ¨vw` meB
mgm¨vMÖ¯Í cwi‡e‡ki AšÍM©Z| d‡j GBme ¯’v‡b emevmKvix wkï‡`i DbœZ cwi‡ek m¤ú‡K©
†Kvb aviYv _v‡Kbv| wk¶vi Afve I Kzms¯‹vi Av”Qbœ n‡q Zviv Giƒc mvgv‡Ri mv‡_
GKvKvi n‡q hvq| cwi‡ekMZ ˆewiZv wkïi gb‡K †QvU K‡i †`q, Dbœq‡bi B”Qvq
cÖwZeÜKZv m„wó K‡i Ges mvgvwRK fv‡e Zv‡`i cÖwZeÜx K‡i †`q|

A_©‰bwZK Am”QjZv

A_©‰bwZK `yie¯’v A‡bK wkïi wcwQ‡q covi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY| ¶zavi R¡vjvq cov‡jLv
Afv‡ei Rb¨B A‡bK
wK wRwbm, Zv Zviv Rv‡b bv- bZzev Rvb‡jI cov‡jLv Ki‡Z gb Pvq bv| gv evev g‡b
wkï wk¶vi my‡hvM cvq
K‡ib ev”Pv‡`i ¯‹z‡j cvVv‡bvi PvB‡Z †hvMvwji Kv‡R w`‡j A_©‰bwZKfv‡e DcKvi n‡e|
bv Afv‡ei Zvobvq, KZKUv mgv‡Ri Pv‡c Gme wkï‡`i †jLvcovi †hvM¨Zv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv
wk¶v †_‡K ewÂZ| wk¶v gvÎB e¨qmv‡c¶| ZvQvov DbœZgv‡bi wk¶vi Rb¨ ¯^v‡¯’¨iI hZœ
†bIqv cÖ‡qvRb| AZGe G¸‡jv me wKQyi Rb¨B wKQyUv n‡jI A_©‰bwZK `yie¯’v `vqx|
ZvQvov ¯^v¯’¨ i¶vi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb A_,© hvi Afv‡e ¯^v¯’¨ I cywónxbZvq fz‡M| Aci w`‡K
¯^v¯’¨ I cywónxbZv gvby‡li g‡a¨ Kg©wegyLZv m„wó K‡i| cwiYv‡g hv gvbyl‡K Av‡iv `vwi‡`ªi
w`‡K †V‡j †`q| `vwi`ª, A_©, Acywó, ¯^v¯’¨nxbZv BZ¨vw` GKwU P‡µi AvKv‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i|
Gi †Kvb GKwU‡Z cÖvavb¨ †`Lv w`‡j PµvKv‡i Zv Aci Dcv`vb¸wj‡KI cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 134

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

_v‡K| cÖvq me myweav ewÂZ wkïivB GB Dcv`vb¸‡jvi ga¨ †_‡K †Kvb GK ev GKvwaK
Dcv`v‡bi NvUwZi wkKvi nq|

†`Lv †M‡Q, GBme myweavewÂZ wkïiv kvixwiK fv‡eI Lye GKUv fvj ¯^v‡¯’¨i AwaKvix bq|
†ewki fvMB Acywói wkKvi, eq‡mi Zzjbvq D”PZvq Ges IR‡b Zviv wVKfv‡e eo n‡q
D‡Vwb| `wi`ªZvi Kvi‡Y msmv‡i †Zgb †Kvb hZœ Zv‡`i _v‡K bv| cywóKi Lv`¨ I kw³i †h
cÖ‡qvRb- Zv Zv‡`i fv‡M¨ †Rv‡U bv| d‡j gvbwmK e„w×I †Zgbfv‡e M‡o D‡V bv|
cywónxbZvi Afv‡e kix‡i wewfbœ AmyL †j‡MB _v‡K| †hgb- †Pv‡L Kg †`Lv, Kv‡b Kg ïbv
ev nvZ cv‡qi A¶gZv BZ¨vw`|

cwi‡k‡l eje, GBme myweavewÂZ wkïiv cwi‡ekMZ ev cvwievwiK, mvgvwRK ev A_©‰bwZK

†h †Kvb Kvi‡bB †nvK bv †Kb Zviv wcwQ‡q Av‡Q Ges mn‡RB Zviv AbMÖmi wkï wnmv‡e
wPwýZ n‡q co‡Q| ZvB Avgv‡`i mK‡ji KvR n‡e, GB myweavewÂZ wcwQ‡q cov wkï‡`i
Rb¨ cÖwZKvi g~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv|

mvigg©:
evsjv‡`‡k †gvU RbmsL¨vi †ek wKQy Ask wkï A_©vr Zv‡`i eqm 15 eQ‡ii
wb‡P| G‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK wkïB i‡q‡Q hviv kvixwiK, gvbwmK, mvgvwRK Ges
A_©‰bwZK w`K †_‡K evavMÖ¯Í| wewfbœ mgm¨vq Giv RR©wiZ| Gme wkï wewfbœ
myweav †_‡K ewÂZ| iv¯Ívi wkï, wkï kªwgK cwiZ¨³ wkï ev G ai‡bi AmsL¨
wkï Ae¯’vi cwi‡cÖw¶‡Z wewfbœ iKg my‡hvM myweav †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q|
cwi‡ekMZ ˆewiZv, m‡PZbZvi Afve Ges A_©‰bwZK Am”QjZv G‡`i cÖavb
AšÍivq| cwi‡ekMZ ˆewiZvi Kvi‡Y B”Qv _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zviv mvgvwRKfv‡e c½y,
Afv‡ei Zvobvq wk¶v †_‡K ewÂZ| `vwi`ª, cywónxbZv, Awk¶v, `„wófw½i Afve-
G mewKQy wgwj‡qB Zviv wcwQ‡q Av‡Q| Avgv‡`i KvR n‡e G‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq
c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv, Avgiv fz‡j hve bv GivI mgv‡Ri GKRb|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 135

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 6.2 myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i wkLb mgm¨v I Zvi cÖwZKvi

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i wkLb mgm¨v Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

wkï‡`i cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj †_‡K S‡i covi KviY ej‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i wkL‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i mgm¨v

evsjv‡`‡k Òmevi Rb¨ wk¶vÓ- Kvh©µ‡gi h‡_ó AMÖMwZ n‡jI kn‡ii ew¯Í I iv¯Ívq
emevmiZ 20 jv‡LiI †ewk wkïi cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †Zgb †Kvb mye¨e¯’v Kiv m¤¢e n‡q
D‡Vwb| Zvi Rb¨ ïay wk¶vLv‡Zi AcÖZzj LiPB `vqx bq eis my‡hvM myweav Ges cÖvmsw½K
Kg©m~Pxi AfveI `vqx| †`‡k wkï kªg wbwl× †NvlYv Kiv m‡Ë¡I wkï kªwg‡Ki msL¨v
e¨vcKfv‡e e„w× †c‡q‡Q| m¤úÖwZ cÖKvwkZ wkï kªwg‡Ki Dci GKwU wi‡cv‡U© ejv n‡q‡Q †h,
1996 mv‡ji wW‡m¤^i ch©šÍ evsjv‡`‡k 5 †_‡K 14 eQi eqmx wkï kªwg‡Ki msL¨v wQj 48
jvL| hv †`‡ki †gvU kªg kw³i 11.3 fvM| Gi 41 fvM wbhy³ wQj K…wlLv‡Z Ges evwKiv
AK…wlLv‡Z| GB Z_¨ evsjv‡`k cwimsL¨vb ey‡i¨vi GK Rwi‡c cÖKvk Kiv n‡q‡Q| ZvQvov
wkï AwaKvi †dviv‡gi GK mgx¶vqI †`Lv †M‡Q, evsjv‡`‡ki kZKiv 11 fvM wkï kªg
wewb‡qvM K‡i Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Q|

ew¯Í GjvKvq evjK evwjKvi ¯‹z‡j fwZ©i nvi h_vµ‡g 49% I 43% A_P RvZxq ch©v‡q
GB nvi 90% GiI †ekx| Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq ew¯Í wKsev kni GjvKvq miKvix cÖv_wgK
we`¨vjq AcÖZzj| 6 n‡Z 14 ermi eqmx e¨vcK msL¨K wkï I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix ¯‹z‡j bv
myweavewÂZ eû wkïB
†h‡q wkï kªwg‡K cwiYZ n‡”Q; G‡`i g‡a¨ †g‡q wkï kªwg‡Ki Ae¯’v AwaKZi †kvPbxq|
¯‹z‡j †h‡Z cv‡i bv
kn‡i I MÖv‡g `wi`ª cÖK…wZi wkï I wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix‡`i wk¶vi myweav AZ¨šÍ mxwgZ| †`Lv
†M‡Q †h, cÖv_wgK ¯‹z‡ji †jLvcov m¤ú~Y© Kiv †Q‡j‡`i †P‡q †g‡q‡`i msL¨v eiveiB Kg|
A_P cÖ_g †kªwY‡Z†g‡q‡`i fwZ©i kZKiv nvi †Q‡j‡`i Zzjbvq AwaKB nq| cÖ_g Ae¯’vq
†g‡q‡`i fwZ© I Dcw¯’wZi nvi †ewkB _v‡K wKš‘ µ‡g Zv Kg‡Z _v‡K| AwaKvsk †¶‡Î
†g‡qiv ¯‹zj †_‡K S‡i c‡o| Ic‡ii †kªwY¸‡jv‡Z S‡i covi nvi AZ¨vwaK| cÖavbZ †hme
Kvi‡Y `wi`ª I myweavewÂZ wkïiv wk¶v-`x¶vi †¶‡Î wcwQ‡q co‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q−

A_©‰bwZK Am”QjZv|

cvwievwiK cÖ‡qvR‡b wkï‡`i kªg`vb|

mvgvwRK fv‡e †Q‡j‡`i PvB‡Z †g‡q‡`i Aeg~j¨vqb|

`wi`ª wkï‡`i Rb¨ cÖwZwôZ we`¨vj‡q wb¤œgvb|

cwiev‡i wkLb mn‡hvwMZvi Afve|

we`¨vj‡qi wk¶vµ‡gi RwUjZv I †gav weKv‡k my‡hv‡Mi Afve|

¯^v¯’¨nxbZv I cÖ‡qvRxq cywói Afve|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 136

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

wPÎ 6.2.1: GKwU DcvbyôvwbK we`¨vj‡q wk¶K cov‡”Qb|

G ai‡Yi myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i Rb¨ m¤ú~Y© c„_K cÖ‡Póv `iKvi| Zv‡`i AvwZ¥K, kvwiixK I
gvbwmK ¶gZv weKv‡ki c‡¶ cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶vµg cÖYqb Acwinvh©| †mB mv‡_ Zv‡`i cÖwZ
mnvbyf‚wZc~Y© `„wóf½x, Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv cÖYqb Ges cÖ‡qvRbxq A_© eivÏ Kiv `iKvi|

cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq †h, GB me wkï‡`i wk¶v †`qvi Rb¨ wk¶K‡K A‡bK †ewk mwµq I
m‡PZb n‡Z n‡e| cÖ_g KvR n‡e, wkïwUi AbMÖmiZvi KviY Luy‡R †ei Kiv Ges Zvi Rb¨
cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Kiv| Gme wkïiv mvaviY wk¶v_©x‡`i gZ GKB wk¶v c×wZ I
DcKiY †_‡K wk¶v jvf Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB cÖ‡qvRb †ev‡a Zv‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl e¨e¯’vMÖnb
Kiv `iKvi|

mvigg©:
wk¶v gvby‡li Rb¥MZ AwaKvi| wk¶vjv‡fi gva¨‡gB GKwU RvwZ DbœwZ jvf Ki‡Z
cv‡i| †`‡ki DbœwZi Rb¨ †`‡ki me©¯Í‡ii gvby‡li wk¶vjv‡fi my‡hvM _vKv
cÖ‡qvRb| wKš‘ `yf©vM¨ n‡jI mwZ¨, kn‡ii ew¯Í I iv¯Ívq emevmiZ 20 j‡¶iI
†ewk wkï cÖv_wgK wk¶v jvf †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| Pvwn`vi Zzjbvq ew¯Í wKsev kni
GjvKvq miKvix ¯‹zj Kg| Dciš‘ 6 †_‡K 14 ermi eqmx wkï wK‡kvi-wK‡kvix
¯‹z‡j bv wM‡q wkï kªwg‡K cwiYZ n‡”Q| G‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb wbijm cÖ‡Póv| wfbœ
wk¶vµg, cÖ‡qvRb m‡PZbvZv m„wó, mnvbyf‚wZc~Y© `„wófw½, Kvh©Ki cwiKíbv cÖYqb
Ges A_© eivÏ| Zv‡`i Rvbv‡Z n‡e †KejgvÎ †ckv jvf bq wKš‘ GKRb my¯’
¯^vfvweK DbœZ iæwP‡eva m¤úbœ cwic~Y© gvbyl wn‡m‡e M‡o DV‡Z n‡jI wk¶vi
cÖ‡qvRb|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 137

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 6.3 we‡kl ev e¨wZµgag©x wkï

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ ej‡Z Kv‡`i eySvq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

Ôwe‡kl wkï‡`iÕ wK wK bv‡g AvL¨vwqZ Kiv nq Zv e¨³ Ki‡Z cvi‡eb Ges

Ôwe‡kl wkï‡`iÕ ˆewkó¨ Ges †kªwYwefvM Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

gvbweK `„wó‡Z me wkï‡K Avgiv Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ ej‡Z cvwi| Z‡e GLv‡b Avgiv Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ
wnmv‡e Zv‡`i‡K eyS‡ev hviv ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i Kvh©Kjvc †_‡K wfbœ| GB mKj Ôwe‡kl
wkïÕ ZvivB hviv kvixwiK, gvbwmK A_ev mvgvwRK mgm¨vi Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi
Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| GBme wkï‡`i cÖ‡qvRb, Ôwe‡kl wk¶vÕ, `¶ cÖwZKvig~jK
e¨e¯’v, we‡kl hZœ Ges cwiPh©v| e¨wZµgag©x ev we‡kl wkï‡`i AvIZvq c‡o kªeY
cÖwZeÜx, `„wó cÖwZeÜx, kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx, gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx Ges †gavex wkï|

e¨wZµgag©x ev we‡kl wkï‡`i AvL¨vwqZ Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl we‡kl kã ev bvg cÖPwjZ
i‡q‡Q †hgb:

(K) we‡kl wkï (Special Children)

(L) e¨wZµgag©x wkï (Exceptional Children)
(M) cÖwZeÜx wkï (Disabled Children)
(N) evavMÖ¯’ wkï (Handicapped Children)
(O) we‡kl Pvwn`v m¤úbœ wkï (Children with Special Needs)
(P) weKjv½ A_ev c½y wkï (Dysfunctioning Children)|

mvaviYfv‡e e¨wZµgag©x wkï Zv‡`i ejv nq hviv ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i †_‡K D‡aŸ© ev wb‡gœ|
†hgb, AwZ †gavex A_ev cÖwZeÜx wkï Ges Zv‡`i Df‡qi Rb¨B Ôwe‡kl wk¶vÕ e¨e¯’vi
cÖ‡qvRb|

e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i ˆewkó¨:

Ôe¨wZµgag©x wkïÕ ev Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ Zv‡`i‡KB ej‡ev, hv‡`i we‡kl wk¶vi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
†Kvb ˆewk‡ó¨i Kvi‡Y †m hw` ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i †P‡q wfbœ nq, Z‡eB Zvi we‡kl wk¶vi
cÖ‡qvRb- ZLbB †m Ôe¨wZµgag©x| Gi ˆewk󨸇jv wb‡P D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 138

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ˆewkó¨mg~n:

(1) eyw×gËvi cv_©K¨ : eyw×gËvi w`K w`‡q e¨wZµgag©x wkïiv AZ¨šÍ wfbœ| hviv
AwZwi³ eyw×gËv m¤úbœ ev wb¤œeyw× m¤úbœ A_©vr AwZ †gavex
ev gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx Zviv mevB e¨wZµgag©x|
(2) fve Av`vb cÖ`vb ev : e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i K_v ejv I fvlv e¨envi Kivi †¶‡Î
fvlvMZ cv_©K¨ mgm¨v _v‡K|
(3) Bw›`ªq cv_©K¨ : GB me wkï‡`i kªeY Ges `„wóMZ mgm¨v nq|
(4) AvPiYMZ cv_©K¨ : GB me wkï Av‡e‡Mi w`K †_‡K wech©¯Í Ges Zviv mgv‡Ri
mv‡_ Zvj wgwj‡q Pj‡Z A¶g|
(5) eû gvwÎK Ges : Zv‡`i g‡a¨ A‡bK ai‡Yi evavcÖvßZvi (Impairment)
¸iæZi cÖwZeÜx mgš^q N‡U| †hgb- gw¯Í®‹ c¶vNvZ, gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx,
`„wónxb ev ewai|
6) kvixwiK ˆewkó¨ : A‡bK wkï kvixwiK fv‡eI cÖwZeÜx nq A_©vr nvU‡Z cv‡i
bv, ai‡Z cv‡i bv ev kvixwiK fv‡e c¶vNvZ MÖ¯Í _v‡K|

e¨wZµgag©x wkïi †kªwYKiY

AšÍZ bq cÖKvi eyw×i gvÎv, g‡bv-ˆ`wnK I AvPibMZ ˆewk‡ó¨i wfwˇZ e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i wbgœwjwLZ ¯Íi
e¨wZµgagx© wkïi ev †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv nq| h_v:
mv¶vZ cvIqv hvq
(K) gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx
(L) cvV MÖn‡Y A¶gZv
(M) AvPiY ˆeKj¨ (Av‡eMZfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í)
(N) fve wewbgq ˆeKj¨ (K_v ejv I fvlv e¨env‡i A¶gZv)
(O) kªeY cÖwZeÜx
(P) `„wó cÖwZeÜx
(Q) kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx
(R) ¸iæZi evavMÖ¯Í
(S) †gavex I we‡kl ¸b m¤úbœ wkï|

ms‡¶‡c GB †kªwY wefvM¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© eY©bv Kiv nj:

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 139

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx

gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx Kviv G wb‡q wewfbœ g‡bvweÁvbx, wPwKrmK, mgvR †meKiv wewfbœ msÁv
w`‡q‡Qb| †gvUvgywUfv‡e ejv hvq, Rxe‡bi ïiæ †_‡K †h mKj wkïi eyw×e„wË `ye©j ev ¯^í
eyw× m¤úbœ, evošÍ eq‡m gvbwmK weKv‡ki MwZ axi, wk¶v MÖn‡Y hviv A¶g Ges hviv
eq‡mvc‡hvMx mvgvwRK AvPiY Ki‡Z cv‡ib bv ZvivB gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx| I‡qm&jvi
(Wechler) Ges Uvig¨vb (Terman) bv‡g `yÕRb g‡bvweÁvbx eyר¼ (I.Q) i Dci wfwË
K‡i gvbwmK cÖwZeÜxi msÁv wbiƒcY K‡i‡Qb| Zuv‡`i g‡Z, †h mKj e¨w³i eyw×gËv (I.Q)
[†Kvb Av`k©vwqZ eyw× Afx¶vq (Standarised Intelligence Test) cÖvß †¯‹vi] 70 Gi
wb‡P Zviv gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx| g‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h, ¯^vfvweK M‡o eyר¼ nj 100|
American Association of Mental Relationship (AAMR) AvaywbKKv‡j gvbwmK
cÖwZeÜxi me©vwaK M„nxZ msÁv w`‡q‡Qb| Zvui msÁvq †h ˆewk󨸇jv we`¨gvb Zv nj-

K. e¨w³i eyר¼ †Kvb Av`k©vwqZ eyw× Afx¶v Abymv‡i 70 ev Zvi Kg n‡e|

L. cÖwZeÜxZvi m„wó n‡e gvZ…‡`‡n Mf©aviY (Conception) n‡Z wkïi eqm 18 eQi nIqv
ch©šÍ †h †Kvb mg‡q|
M. e¨w³ Zvi wb‡Ri cwi‡e‡k fvjfv‡e ev ¯^vfvweKfv‡e wewfbœ mgm¨vi mgvav‡b A¶g n‡e
Ges mgv‡Ri wbw`©ó ixwZ ev wbqg Abyhvqx mgv‡R Awf‡hvwRZ n‡Z A¶g n‡e|

cvV MÖn‡Y A¶gZv

cvV MÖn‡Y A¶gZv ev wkLb cÖwZeÜx (Learning Disability) m¤^‡Ü AwaKvsk

M‡elYvg~jK KvR wesk kZvãx†Z n‡q‡Q| Anderson (1970) GB ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K
'Hidden Handicap` e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡i‡Qb| cvV MÖn‡Y A¶gZv ev wkLb cÖwZeÜx
wkïiv wk¶‡Yi wewfbœ w`K †hgb †kvbv, K_v ejv, cov, †jLv, wPšÍb, evbvb Kiv, AsK Kiv
BZ¨vw`i †Kvb GK ev GKvwaK †¶‡Î mgm¨v _vK‡e; hvi Kvi‡Y wkï kvixwiK, gvbwmK ev
AvPiYMZ cÖwZeÜx nq| GB wkï‡`i cÖab ˆewk󨸇jv wbgœiƒc:

K. Academic Difficulties: GKB eq‡mi Ab¨vb¨ wkï‡`i Zzjbvq GB me wkï‡`i

†jLvcov I AsK Klv‡Z mgm¨v i‡q‡Q|
L. Discrepancy Between Potential and Achievement: GB ai‡bi cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i
†eŠw×K ¶gZvi Zzjbvq we`¨vj‡qi wk¶vMZ K…wZZ¡ A‡bK Kg|
M. Exclusion of Other Factors: hw` †Kvb e¨w³i wkL‡b A¶gZvi Kvi‡Y Zvi `„wóMZ
ev kªeY ev fvlvi cÖwZeÜxZv nq, wKsev e¨w³ hw` gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx, weKjv½ nq A_ev
wkL‡b A¶gZvi KviY hw` cÖ‡¶vwfK †Kvb mgm¨v ev cwi‡ekMZ evav nq Z‡e H
e¨w³‡K wkLb cÖwZeÜx ejv hv‡e bv|
N. Neurological Disorder: KZK¸‡jv mœvqyweK mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y e¨w³i g‡a¨ cÖv_wgKfv‡e
GB ai‡bi cÖwZeÜxZv †`Lv hvq|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 140

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

AvPiY ˆeKj¨ ev Av‡eMMZ fv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í

AvPiYMZ ˆeKj¨ ev Av‡eMMZ fv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nj †m me wkïivB hviv wewfbœ Av‡eMxq

mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb| G‡`i †ek wKQy A¶gZv i‡q‡Q hv Zv‡`i‡K wk¶vMZ w`K †_‡K evavMÖ¯Í
K‡i| G‡`i g‡a¨ wkL‡bi A¶gZv _v‡K, wk¶‡Ki mv‡_ ev mgeqmx‡`i mv‡_ m¤úK© M‡o
†Zvjvi `¶Zvi Afve _v‡K| AvPiY‡K cÖKvk Kivi Rb¨ wewfbœ A½-fw½i Avkªq †bq|
¯^vfvweK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z A‡bK mgq wb‡R‡K ¸wU‡q †bq ev †gŠb _v‡K| A‡bK mgq Avevi
†`Lv hvq ¯^vfvweK cwi‡e‡k Abychy³ AvPiY Ki‡Q| GB me wkïiv KL‡bv KL‡bv Avevi
Lye AvµgYvZ¥K n‡q I‡V|

fve wewbgq ˆeKj¨

GUv nj, K_v ejv I fvlv e¨env‡ii A¶gZv| wkïi hLb †evSvi ¶gZv e¨vnZ nq, cÖKvk
Kivi ¶gZv e¨vnZ nq, ZLbB G ai‡bi ˆeKj¨ †`Lv †`q| mvaviYZ beRvZ wkï wewfbœ
Bkviv, K_v ejv, AvKvi-Bw½‡Zi gva¨‡g Zvi g‡bi fve cÖKvk K‡i _v‡K| wKš‘ fve
wewbgq ˆeKj¨ wkïiv K_v ejvi †¶‡Î, kã D”PviY Kivi †¶‡Î ¯^‡ii g‡a¨ mgm¨v †`Lv
†`q| K_v ej‡Z wM‡q evK&h‡š¿i µwU †`Lv hvq| Dciš‘ †`Lv hvq Giv fve Av`vb-cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| fvlvi avivevwnKZv eRvq ivL‡Z cv‡i bv| fvlv e¨env‡ii †h ixwZ-bxwZ
i‡q‡Q †m¸‡jv Zviv mwVKfv‡e AvqË¡ Ki‡Z m¶g nq bv| d‡j gv‡bi fve cÖKv‡k A¶gZv
cÖKvk K‡i|

kªeY cªwZeÜx

kªeY cÖwZeÜx nj †m me wkïivB hviv ewai A_©vr Kv‡b †kv‡b bv| me wcZv-gvZvB Pvq Zvi
mšÍvb my¯’fv‡e †e‡o DVzK| wKš‘ wbqwZi wbg©g cwinv‡m AmsL¨ wkï‡K †g‡b wb‡Z nq
ewaiZvi wbôzi Awfkvc| Avgv‡`i mgv‡R hv‡`i‡K Avgiv †evev ewj mvaviYZ Zv‡`i G
Ae¯’v ewaiZvi Kvi‡YB m„ô| †h wkï Kv‡b ïb‡Z cvq bv †mB cieZx©‡Z †evev n‡q hvq|
c~‡e© G‡`i‡K g~K ev ewai e‡j wPwýZ Kiv nZ| wKš‘ eZ©gv‡b G‡`i‡K Avgiv kªeY
cÖwZeÜx wn‡m‡e wPwýZ Kwi|

`„wó cÖwZeÜx

`„wó cÖwZeÜx nj †m ai‡bi A¶gZv †h †Pv‡L †`L‡Z cv‡i bv| hvi †Pv‡Li `„wó †bB|
eZ©gvb we‡k¦ 42 wgwjq‡biI †ewk `„wó cÖwZeÜx †jvK Av‡Q| Zv‡`i `yB-Z…ZxqvskB
Dbœqbkxj †`‡k evm K‡i| eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k m¤ú~Y© `„wónxb (Totally Blind) †jvK
(hv‡`i †Pv‡L Av‡jvi Abyf‚wZ †bB) Giƒc †jv‡Ki msL¨v 9 wgwjqb| hv‡`i †Pv‡L AvswkK
`„wó Av‡Q ev 3 wgUvi `~iZ¡ ch©šÍ Av½yj ¸Y‡Z cv‡i Giƒc †jv‡Ki msL¨v 2 wgwjqb| GB
wecyj msL¨K `„wónx‡bi 50% n‡”Q 1 gvm †_‡K 18 ermi eq‡mi g‡a¨|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 141

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx

kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx nj hviv kvixwiK, Aw¯’ ˆeKj¨, Aek, c¶vNvZ Øviv AvµvšÍ, mvaviY
fvlvq Avgiv hv‡`i c½y ewj, ZvivI GB †kªwYi Aš‘fz©³|

¸iæZi evavMÖ¯Í cÖwZeÜx

¸iæZi evavMÖ¯Í cÖwZeÜxZv nj †m ai‡bi A¶gZv hviv eûwea A¶gZvq AvµvšÍ| n‡Z
cv‡i Giv g~K-ewai Ges †mB mv‡_ `„wó cÖwZeÜx A_ev gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx I c¶NvZMÖ¯’|
A_©vr wewfbœ ai‡bi ¸iæZi Ges eûwea cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb| Giv A‡bK mgq mviv
Rxebe¨vcx A‡b¨i Dci wbf©ikxj n‡q Pjv‡div K‡i|

ejv evûj¨ †gavex I we‡kl ¸Y m¤úbœ wkï‡`i e¨wZµgag©x wkï wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kivi
KviY Zviv mvaviY ev ga¨g wkï‡`i †P‡q AwaK †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ, wk¶v-`x¶vq Kv‡R G‡`i
we‡kl Pvwn`v _v‡K| hw`I G ai‡Yi †hvM¨Zv m¤úbœ wkï‡`i msL¨v LyeB Kg Z_vwc Giv
Òe¨wZµga©x wkï|Ó

mvigg©
we‡kl ev e¨wZµgagx© wkï nj, hviv kvixwiK gvbwmK A_ev mvgvwRK
mgm¨vi Rb¨ wb‡R‡`i ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Pvwn`v c~iY Ki‡Z m¶g nq bv|
G‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb we‡kl wk¶v, we‡kl hZœ Ges cwiPh©v| we‡kl wkï‡`i
AvIZvq c‡o kªeY-cÖwZeÜx, `„wó cÖwZeÜx, kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx, gvbwmK
cÖwZeÜx Ges †gavex wkï| GB we‡kl wkïiv Avevi wfbœ wfbœ bv‡g
AL¨vwqZ nq| G‡`i j¶Yxq ˆewk󨸇jv nj: eyw×gËvi cv_©K¨, fve
Av`vb-cÖ`v‡b mgm¨v, Bw›`ªqMZ cv_©K¨, AvPiYMZ mgm¨v Ges Av‡iv
eûwea mgm¨v| ˆewk‡ó¨i ZviZg¨ Abyhvqx G‡`i wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z fvM Kiv
nq| mgv‡Ri KvR n‡e, Gme e¨wZµgagx© wkïi Rb¨ `¶ cÖwZKvig~jK
e¨e¯’v MÖnY hv‡Z K‡i Zviv mgv‡Ri GKRb bvMwiK wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡Z
cv‡i|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 142

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

cvV 6.4 e¨wZµgag©x wkïi Dci cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖfve

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

we‡kl wkï‡`i Dci cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖfve D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

we‡kl wkï‡`i Kxfv‡e †kªwYKiY Kiv nq Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb|

GKwU Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ †hLv‡b evm K‡i Zvi cwi‡ek Ges cwievi‡K Rvbv cÖ‡qvRb| G wel‡q
my¯úó Ávb _vK‡j cÖwZeÜx wkïi wk¶v-w`¶v, cybe©vmb Ges Zvi Rb¨ wK c×wZ Aej¤^b
Kiv hvq †m e¨vcv‡i wPšÍv Kiv m¤¢e| GKwU cÖwZeÜx wkï Kxfv‡e mgv‡Ri Aw½f‚Z nq Zv
cv‡k©i wP‡Î †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †K‡›`ª i‡q‡Q wkï Ges Zvi c‡i wewfbœ av‡c i‡q‡Q
Zvi cwievi, we`¨vjq, mg-eqmx `j Ges m‡e©vcwi mgvR| GB wPÎ †_‡K eySv hvq †h wkïi
cÖ_g cwiPh©vKvix nj Zvi cwievi Zvici Zvi we`¨vjq I mgeqmx `j Ges me †k‡l
mgvR wkïwUi mvwe©K `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b m‡Pó n‡e|

wPÎ 6.4.1: e¨wZµgagx© wkïi RMZ|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 143

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cwiev‡ii cÖfve

e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡K me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfvweZ K‡i Zvi cwievi| Õwe‡kl wkïÔi cÖwZKvi g~jK
e¨e¯’vi Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi cwiev‡ii mv‡_| hZ kxNª m¤¢e (cuvP eQi eq‡mi c~‡e©)
wkïi Rb¨ cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’v MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e| G‡¶‡Î wcZv-gvZvi mv‡_ wkïi
cvi¯úwiK m¤úK© ¸iæZ¡c~Y© Ae`vb iv‡L| G‡¶‡Î AMÖYx f‚wgKv cvjb Ki‡e wkïi gv,
gvÕ‡K ev` w`‡q †Kvb cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K mvnvh¨ Kiv G‡Kev‡iB m¤¢e bq| Gici Av‡m wcZv|
GKvi‡Y wcZvgvZv‡K civg‡k©i gva¨‡g †evSv‡Z n‡e- †h Zv‡`i cÖwZeÜx wkïwUiI euvPvi
AwaKvi, †kLvi AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| d‡j me ai‡Yi Kzms¯‹vi I †bwZevPK g‡bvfve Z¨vM K‡i
Zvi mv‡_ GKUv my›`i m¤úK© M‡o †Zvjvi †Póv K‡i cÖwZKvig~jK e¨e¯’vq Ask wb‡Z n‡e|

mgv‡Ri cÖfve

mgvR Ges cvwicvwk¦©K cÖfv‡ei g‡a¨ AšÍf‚³© i‡q‡Q we`¨vjq, mgeqmx `j (cÖwZ‡ekx n‡Z
cv‡i) Ges e„nËi mgvR| GLv‡b gvby‡li mvgvwRK mvs¯‹…wZK g~j¨v‡evaI GKwU ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
f‚wgKv iv‡L| KviY mvgvwRK a¨vb aviYvi Dci GB me wkï‡`i fwel¨r wbf©i K‡i| mgvR
hw` Zv‡`i A‡hvM¨ I AevwÂZ g‡b K‡i Z‡e G‡`i `vov‡bvi Avi †KvbB ¯’vb _vK‡e bv|
ZvB cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i c‡¶ RbgZ M‡o †Zvjv Avek¨K|

wkï hLb ax‡i ax‡i eo nq ZLb Zvi Dci mgeqmx`‡ji ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve c‡o| KviY GB
mg-eqmx‡`i cÖfve ØvivB †m cÖfvweZ nq| mgeqmxiv Zv‡`i‡K `‡j wgk‡Z w`‡Z Pvq bv|
Zv‡`i cÖwZ weiƒc g‡bvfve cÖ`k©b K‡i I mvgvwRK Kg©Kv‡Û AskMÖnY Kiv †_‡K Ôwe‡kl
wkï‡`i weiZ iv‡L|

mbv³KiY Ges †kªwYKiY

kZvãxKvj c~‡e© Ôwe‡kl wkï†`iÕ †kªwYKiY Ges mbv³KiY e¨vcviUv G‡Kev‡iB ¸iæZ¡c~Y©
wQj bv| ei †mB mgq ÔcÖwZeÜx wkïÕ ev Ôe¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i `~‡i ev †Kvb Abv_ Avkª‡g
mwi‡q †djv n‡Zv ev †g‡i †djv n‡Zv| ax‡i ax‡i Ebwesk kZvãxi †k‡li w`‡K
wPwKrmvwe` Ges wk¶vwe`‡`i g‡a¨ aviYvi cwieZ©b n‡Z _v‡K| Zuviv wPšÍv Ki‡Z _v‡Kb
†h mymvgÄm¨c~Y© m¤ú‡K©i Rb¨ mbv³KiY Ges †kªwYKiY Aek¨B cÖ‡qvRb| G cÖms‡M
Av‡gwiKvb g‡bvweÁvb mwgwZ me‡P‡q wbw`ó© K‡i cÖwZeÜx‡`i Zv‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq †kªwYKiY
K‡i| cieZ©xKv‡j we‡k¦i me©ÎB GB †kªwYwefvM‡K MÖnY K‡i †bIqv nq|

mbv³Ki‡Yi myweav

(K) we‡kl wkï‡`i mbv³Ki‡Yi d‡j wewfbœ fvM Abyhvqx Zv‡`i mgm¨v wbiƒcY I
wPwKrmv †`Iqv m¤¢e nq|
(L) e¨wZµga©x wkï‡`i mbv³Ki‡Yi d‡j Zv‡`i we‡kl AvPiY¸‡jvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv
ev‡o|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 144

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(M) mbv³Ki‡Yi gva¨‡g wk¶K I we‡klÁMY G‡K Ac‡ii mv‡_ fv‡ei Av`vb-cÖ`vb
Ki‡Z cv‡ib Ges A‡bK M‡elYvjä Z_¨ cvIqv m¤¢e nq|
(N) mbv³ Ki‡Yi d‡j Ôwe‡kl wk¶vÕi DbœwZK‡í Avw_©K my‡hvM myweav cvIqv m¤¢e|
(O) †kªwYKiY Ges mbv³Ki‡Yi d‡j Rbmg‡¶ e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i we‡kl Pvwn`v¸‡jv
D‡b¥vPbv Kiv mnR nq|

mbv³Ki‡Yi Amyweav

(K) wkï‡`i g‡b †bwZevPK cÖfve c‡o| Zv‡`i g‡b weiƒc cÖwZwµqvi m„wó n‡Z cv‡i|
(L) wkïi wb‡Ri m¤ú‡K© aviYv AZ¨šÍ wbgœgv‡bi nq|
(M) mbv³Ki‡Yi d‡j wkïi cÖZ¨vkv K‡g hvq A_©vr †m nZvk n‡q hvq|
(N) mbv³Ki‡Yi d‡j wkï cÖwZ‡ekx Ges mgeqmx `‡ji KvQ †_‡K cÖZ¨v¶vZ nq|
(O) GKevi hw` wkï‡K cÖwZeÜx e‡j †kªwYKiY Ges mbv³ Kiv nq Z‡e mn‡R †m Avi
¯^vfvweK ev”Pv‡`i mv‡_ wgk‡Z cv‡i bv|

cwi‡k‡l GUzKzB ej‡ev, mbv³Ki‡Yi myweav I Amyweav hvB _vKzK bv †Kb Avgv‡`i Aek¨B
†Lqvj ivL‡Z n‡e, mvgvb¨ †Kvb A¶gZvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡K †hb Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ ev e¨wZµag©x
wkï wnmv‡e AvL¨vwqZ Kiv bv nq- Z‡e †mUv gvivZ¥K fzj n‡e|

mvigg©:
GKwU we‡kl wkï hvi we‡kl Pvwn`vi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q| †mB Pvwn`v c~i‡Y
me‡P‡q †ewk cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Q Zvi cwievi Ges m‡e©vcwi Zvi gv| GKwU
wkï †Kvb cwi‡e‡k gvbyl n‡”Q- ZvI AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| ax‡i ax‡i cwievi,
we`¨vjq, mg-eqmx `j Ges mgvR ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix Dcv`vb wn‡m‡e
KvR K‡i| e¨wZµgagx© wkïi cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ KvR Ki‡Z n‡e Zvi wcZvgvZvi
mv‡_| ÔgvÕ- †K ev` w`‡q †Kvb cÖwZeÜx wkï‡K mvnvh¨ Kivi G‡Kev‡iB m¤¢e
bq| ax‡i ax‡i cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i e„nËi mgvR, mvgvwRK g~j¨‡eva GKwU AZ¨šÍ
¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖfve we¯ÍviKvix Dcv`vb| KviY mvgv‡R MÖnY‡hvM¨Zvi Dci wbf©i
K‡i GBme wkï‡`i fwel¨r| Gme cÖwZeÜx wkï †Kvb Avjv`v wkï bq|
G‡`iI †eu‡P _vKvi †gŠwjK AwaKvi i‡q‡Q| wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi (WHO) wnmve
Abyhvqx cÖwZ `kwU cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ GKwU cwievi cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e
cÖwZeÜxi wkKvi| ZvB Avmyb, Avgiv mevB wg‡j GKlv‡_ n‡q KvR Kwi G‡`i
†mevq|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 145

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

cvV 6.5 we‡kl wk¶v

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV †k‡l Avcwb−

we‡kl wk¶v wK Zv ej‡Z cvi‡eb;

we‡kl wk¶vi Rb¨ cÖPwjZ Kvh©µ‡gi K_v D‡jøL Ki‡Z cvi‡eb;

we‡kl wk¶vq wb‡qvwRZ wewfbœ ai‡Yi wk¶‡Ki ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi wnmve g‡Z, mviv c„w_ex‡Z mKj cÖKvi cÖwZeÜxi msL¨v kZKiv 10 Rb,
A_©vr 10wU cwiev‡ii g‡a¨ 1wU cwievi cÖZ¨¶ ev c‡iv¶fv‡e Gi mv‡_ RwoZ| GB wnmve
g‡Z, evsjv‡`‡ki eZ©gvb RbmsL¨vi hw` 12 †KvwU nq Z‡e cÖwZeÜxi msL¨v `uvov‡e 1
†KvwU 20 jvL| d‡j mgMÖ RbmsL¨vi GKwU weivU Ask ÒcÖwZeÜxÓ nIqvi m¤¢ebv i‡q‡Q|
g~jZt `vwi`ª¨, cywónxbZv, Awk¶v, gnvgvixi e¨cKZv, weÁvbm¤§Z `„wófw½ I wPwKrmvi
Afve, bvix wbh©vZb BZ¨vw` KviY‡K cÖwZeÜx‡Z¡i KviY wnmv‡e aiv nq| ejv evûj¨ Gme
mgv‡R cÖwZ 10 R‡b KviY AwZgvÎvq Avgv‡`i †`‡k we`¨gvb e‡j G‡`‡k cÖwZeÜxi msL¨v Av‡iv †ewk n‡e e‡j
GKRb cÖwZeÜx wkï AvksKv Kiv nq| 1987-1990 m‡b evsjv‡`‡k cuvP cÖKvi cÖwZeÜxZ¡ (`„wó, kªeb, gvbwmK,
cvIqv hvq kvixwiK Ges mœvqyweK) mbv³Ki‡Yi Rb¨ XvKv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi g‡bvweÁvb wefvM Ges
hy³iv‡óªi K‡jvw¤^qv wek¦we`¨vj‡qi mgš^‡q mviv †`‡k 10 nvRvi wkï‡`i Dci GKwU Rwic
cwiPvjbv Kiv nq| D³ Rwi‡ci djvdj †_‡K †`Lv hvq †h, cÖwZ `k nvRvi wkïi g‡a¨
cÖvq 68 Rb wkï †Kvb bv †Kvbfv‡e cÖwZeÜx‡Z¡i wkKvi|

we‡kl wk¶vi msÁv

we‡kl wkï ev e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †h wk¶v e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡KB
Òwe‡kl wk¶vÓ ejv nq| we‡kl wk¶vi Rb¨ we‡kl ai‡Yi miÄvg A_ev DcKiY Ges
we‡kl e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb n‡Z cv‡i| D`vniY ¯^iƒc- `„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ eo A¶‡i †jLv A_ev
†eª‡ji cÖ‡qvRb, ewa‡`i Rb¨ Òwnqvwis GBWÓ A_ev Òmvs‡KwZK fvlviÓ cÖ‡qvRb Avevi
kvixwiK cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRb we‡kl miÄvg|

we‡kl wk¶vi wewfbœ ai‡Yi cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v

cÖwZeÜx wkï Ges ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i wk¶v e¨e¯’v c„_K bv n‡q GK mv‡_I n‡Z cv‡i| Giƒc
e¨e¯’v‡K mgwš^Z e¨e¯’v e‡j| GB mgwš^Z wk¶v e¨e¯’v nj Ggb GK ai‡Yi wk¶v e¨e¯’v,
†hLv‡b ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i mv‡_ GKB ¯‹z‡j cÖwZeÜx wkïivI wbqwgZ †jLvcov K‡i _v‡K|
Giƒc wk¶v Kvh©µ‡g ¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i wk¶K Ges we‡kl wk¶K DfqB GK mv‡_ wk¶v
`vb K‡i _v‡Kb|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 146

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

mgwš^Z Kvh©µ‡g mvaviY wk¶K

m¤ú~Y© mgwš^Z Kvh©µ‡g cÖwZeÜx ev e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i wbqwgZ †kªwYK‡¶i wk¶KMYB

wk¶v w`‡q _v‡Kb| Zuviv we‡kl miÄvg e¨env‡i cÖwk¶Y cÖvß| G e¨e¯’vq we‡klÁ †Zgb
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv| ¯^í gvÎvq cÖwZeÜx wkïivB GB Kvh©µ‡g m¤ú„³ nq|

we‡kl wk¶K

†h me wk¶K we‡kl wk¶vi Kv‡R cÖwk¶Y wb‡q we‡kl wkï‡`i wk¶v`vb K‡ib ZvivB
we‡kl wk¶K| gvSvix gvÎvq cÖwZeÜx wkïiv mgwš^Z Kvh©µ‡g †hvM w`‡Z cv‡i| ZLb
wbqwgZ †kªwYK‡¶i wk¶K‡K we‡kl wk¶KMY civgk© Ges wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z cv‡ib| we‡kl
wk¶vi wewfbœ miÄvgvw` Ges DcKiY e¨envi Kivi c×wZ Zuviv eywS‡q w`‡Z cv‡ib|

åvg¨gvb wk¶K

we‡kl wk¶K åvg¨gvb we‡kl‡Ái f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i _v‡Kb| †hgb- GK ¯‹zj †_‡K Avi
GK ¯‹z‡j Dcw¯’Z n‡q wbqwgZ †kªwYK‡¶i wk¶K‡`i civgk© Ges wb‡`©kbv w`‡Z cv‡ib|
A_ev e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i e¨w³MZfv‡e Ges †QvU †QvU `‡j fvM K‡i we‡kl wk¶vq
cÖwk¶Y w`‡Z cv‡ib|

wi‡m©vm wk¶K

wk¶vq we‡kl cÖwk¶Y cÖvß e¨w³‡KB wi‡mvm© wk¶K e‡j| wi‡m©vm wk¶K GKvB GKwU ¯‹z‡j
we‡kl‡Ái me KvR K‡ib| e¨wZµgag©x wkïi‡`i cÖ‡qvRb‡ev‡a cÖwk¶Y `vb Ges wbqwgZ
†kªwYK‡¶i wk¶K‡`iI mvnvh¨ K‡ib|

¯^vfvweK wkï‡`i we`¨vj‡q we‡kl wk¶v †kªwY

we‡kl wk¶‡Ki cwiPvjbvq ¯^í Ges gvSvix gvÎvi cÖwZeÜxiv D³ †kªwYi AšÍf‚³© n‡Z
cv‡i| we‡kl wk¶v †kªwY GKwU wbqwgZ we`¨vj‡qi AvIZvfz³ _v‡K Ges Zviv ¯^vfvweK
wkï‡`i mv‡_ †gjv‡gkv K‡i, Z‡e ïay msMxZ AuvKv Ges kixi PP©v K¬v‡m Zv‡`i m¤ú„³ Kiv
nq|

we‡kl we`¨vjq

G ai‡Yi ¯‹z‡j cÖwZeÜx wkïiv Avjv`vfv‡e mvivw`‡bi Rb¨ cÖwk¶Y cvq| GLv‡b we‡kl
we‡kl wk¶Ke„›` miÄvgvw` Ges cwiPh©vi gva¨‡g wkï‡`i cÖ‡qvRbxq wk¶v w`‡q _v‡Kb|
GB we`¨vj‡qi mKj wkïivB cÖwZeÜx wkï| GB wkï‡`i cÖwZeÜx‡`i gvÎv mvgvb¨ †_‡K
¸iZi †h †Kvb ch©v‡qiB n‡Z cv‡i|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 147

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

AvevwmK ¯‹zj

`~ieZ©x ¯’v‡b emevmKvix we‡kl wkï‡`i wk¶vi Rb¨ AvevwmK ¯‹zj i‡q‡Q| m¤¢ve¨ †¶‡Î
Gme wkïiv mßv‡n 1/2 w`‡bi Rb¨ evox hvIqvi my‡hvM cvq| GB ¯‹z‡j ˆ`bw›`b Rxeb
hvc‡bi cÖwk¶Y I †jLvcov `y‡UviB PP©v n‡q _v‡K|

Dcmsnv‡i ej‡ev, Ò2000 mvj bvMv` mevi Rb¨ wk¶vÓ mdj Kivi Rb¨ we‡kl wk¶v‡K
mgwš^Z wk¶v e¨e¯’vi AvIZvq Avbv cÖ‡qvRb| eZ©gv‡b RvwZ ms‡Ni gva¨‡g mviv we‡k¦
cÖwZeÜx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i Rb¨ wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡ji mgwš^Z wk¶v e¨e¯’v Pvjy Kivi Rb¨ †Rvi †`Iqv
n‡”Q KviY cÖwZeÜx †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i ev` w`‡q Òmevi Rb¨ wk¶vÓ n‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB cÖwZeÜx
†Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i wk¶vi Rb¨ †Kvb e¨qeûj e¨e¯’vq bv wM‡q mgwš^Z we`¨vj‡qi gva¨‡gB Zv
Kiv hvq|

mgwš^Z wk¶v e¨e¯’v QvovI cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ KvwiMix wk¶v e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb i‡q‡Q|
evsjv‡`‡k `„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ †ek wKQy †emiKvix ms¯’v KvR Ki‡Q| Giv mgwš^Z wk¶vi
cvkvcvwk `„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ cÖwk¶Y I cybe©mv‡bi e¨e¯’v Ki‡Q| wVK GKBfv‡e ewai Ges
gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨I miKvix Ges †emiKvix ch©v‡q †ek wKQy ms¯’v KvR K‡i hv‡”Q|
hvi eY©bv wb‡P †`Iqv nj:

`„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ miKvix e¨e¯’v: evsjv‡`k miKv‡ii mgvR Kj¨vY wefvM cwiPvwjZ XvKv,
PÆMÖvg, ivRkvnx, Lyjbv I ewikvj †Rjvq `„wónxb‡`i wk¶vi Rb¨ cuvPwU cÖv_wgK ¯‹zj Pvjy
i‡q‡Q| miKvix A‡_© G‡`i Rb¨ †eªj c×wZ‡Z 5g †kªwY ch©šÍ eBI †jLv nq|

mgvR Kj¨vY Awa`߇ii AvIZvaxb evsjv‡`‡k †gvU 64wU gva¨wgK ¯‹z‡j m¤ú~Y© mgw¤^Z
wk¶v (Inclusive Education) Kg©m~wP Pvjy i‡q‡Q| cÖwZwU ¯‹z‡j GKRb K‡i Resource
Teacher i‡q‡Qb| GQvov GB gš¿Yvj‡qi Aax‡b GKwU †eªj †cÖmI KvR Ki‡Q|

`„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ †emiKvix ms¯’v

(K) G¨wm÷¨vÝ di w` eøvBÛ wPj‡Wªb (Assistance for Blind Children): D³ ms¯’v

Bangladesh National Society for the Blind, Bmjvwgqv P¶z nvmcvZvj Ges AÜ
¯‹zj¸‡jvi Rb¨ †eªj fvlvq iwPZ eB weZiY K‡i| mgw¤^Z we`¨vj‡q `„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ GB
ms¯’v QvÎvevm wbg©vY K‡i‡Q|

(L) e¨vcwU÷ msN AÜ evwjKv we`¨vjq: D³ ms¯’vwU †gvU 100 Rb AÜ evwjKv‡`i Rb¨
GKwU AvevwmK we`¨vjq cwiPvjbv K‡i| GB we`¨vj‡q cÖ_g †kªwY †_‡K gva¨wgK ch©vq
ch©šÍ QvÎxiv Aa¨qb K‡i|

(M) evsjv‡`k `„wónxb dvD‡Ûkb: eZ©gv‡b GB dvD‡Ûkb †fvjv, gv`vixcyi, gyÝxMÄ, Kzwgjøv
I bvivqYM‡Ä `„wónxb‡`i wk¶vi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 148

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(N) RvZxq AÜ †dWv‡ikb: GB ms¯’v D”P gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii †gvU 16wU cy¯ÍK †eªj c×wZ‡Z
Qvwc‡q‡Q Ges eQ‡i cÖvq 1200 `„wónxb †Q‡j‡g‡q‡`i e„wË cÖ`vb K‡i _v‡K|

(O) †n‡jb †Kjvi BÈvib¨vkbvj (Helen Keller International): 1987 mb †_‡K GB

ms¯’v evsjv‡`‡k `„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ bvbv ai‡bi cÖKí cÖYqb K‡i‡Q|

(P) w` m¨vj‡fkb Avwg© (The Salvation Army): m¨vj‡fkb Avwg© 1980 mv‡j 50 Rb
`„wó cÖwZeÜx †Q‡j‡`i Rb¨ cÖv_wgK we`¨vj‡q ch©v‡qi ¯‹zj I GKwU AvevwmK †nv‡÷j
¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| GB †K‡›`ª ewai‡`i Rb¨I GKB ai‡bi we‡kl ¯‹zj Pvjy i‡q‡Q|

`„wónxb‡`i Rb¨ cÖwk¶Y I cybe©vmb

(K) miKvix Kg©m~wP: †`‡ki PviwU cÖavb wefv‡M Aew¯’Z `„wónxb‡`i ¯‹z‡ji mv‡_ eq¯‹‡`i
e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y †`Iqvi Rb¨ PviwU cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| G Qvov Swedish
International Development Agency (SIDA) Ges International Labour
Organization (ILO)-Gi †hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M XvKvi Uw½ wkí GjvKvq KvwiMix cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª
I Sheltered Workshop ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| GB †K‡›`ª †gvU 150 Rb `„wó cÖwZeÜx KvR
Ki‡Q|

(L) †emiKvix Kg©m~wP: evsjv‡`k b¨vkbvj †mvmvBwU di w` eøvBÛ (BNSB) cwðg Rvg©vbxi
GKwU cÖwZôv‡bi mn‡hvwMZvq GB ms¯’v XvKv kn‡ii wgicyi GjvKvq A܇`i Rb¨ GKwU
e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y †K›`ª ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q|

ewai‡`i Rb¨ wk¶v I cÖwk¶Y e¨e¯’v

miKvix Kg©m~wP

(K) ewai‡`i Rb¨ ¯‹zj: cÖavb cÖavb wefvMxq kn‡i A_©vr XvKv, PÆMÖvg, ivRkvnx I Lyjbvq
GKwU K‡i ewai ¯‹zj miKvix A‡_© mvgR Kj¨vY `dZi wbg©vY K‡i‡Q|

(L) eq¯‹‡`i cÖwk¶Y I cybe©vmb: ewai‡`i ¯‹zj cÖv½‡b Zv‡`i wewfbœ e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y
AR©‡bi c„_K c„_K e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q| GK‡Î Gme †K›`ª‡K ÔÔ†Uªwbs GÛ win¨vwewj‡Ukb †mÈvi
di w` wdwRK¨vjx n¨vwÛK¨vcWÕÕ bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv n‡q _v‡K|

†emiKvix Kg©m~wP:

(K) evsjv‡`k RvZxq ewai †dWv‡ikb: XvKvi weRqbM‡i GB †dWv‡ik‡bi D‡`¨v‡M GKwU
ewai‡`i ¯‹zj ¯’vwcZ n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †gvU 1400 QvÎ-QvÎx i‡q‡Q| G‡`i wk¶vi mv‡_
KvwiMix cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq|

(L) nvB-†Kqvi (HI-CARE): 1982 m‡b ewai‡`i Rb¨ ÒnvB †KqviÕÕ bv‡gi Avi GKwU
†¯^”Qv‡mex cÖwZôvb M‡o D‡V‡Q| GLv‡b 21 Rb cÖwk¶Y cÖvß wk¶K I 5 Rb

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 149

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

Audiologists wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Qb| GLv‡b ewai‡`i cÖv_wgK ch©vq chšÍ wk¶v †`Iqv nq|
GQvov XvKvi eB‡i PÆMÖvg, Lyjbv, ivRkvnx, Uv½vBj, ewikv‡ji evbixcvov I †fvjvq
ewai‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl ¯‹zj nvB-†Kqv‡ii D‡`¨v‡M †Lvjv n‡q‡Q|

(M) †mvmvBwU di w` G¨vwmm‡UÝ Uz wnqvwis Bg‡cqviW© wPj‡Wªb (SAHIC): GB ms¯’vwU

1987 mv‡j ¯’vwcZ n‡qwQj ewaiZvi cÖwZ‡iva, cÖwZKvi I wPwKrmv cÖ`v‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨|
1991 mv‡j Rvg©vbxi GKwU ms¯’v 'Andheri Hilfe' Gi mn‡hvwMZvq GKwU ewai‡`i
Speech Center †Lvjv n‡q‡Q| GQvov ewai wkï‡`i GKwU mgw¤^Z ¯‹zjI Pvjy n‡q‡Q|

gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡`i wk¶v I cÖwk¶Y Kg©m~wP

eZ©gv‡b gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡`i wk¶v, cÖwk¶Y I cybe©vm‡bi †¶‡Î miKvix ch©v‡q GKwU
we‡kl ¯‹zj i‡q‡Q| GUv Òb¨vkbvj †mÈvi di †¯úkvj GWz‡Kk‡bi ÕÕ mv‡_ j¨ve‡iUix ¯‹zj
wn‡m‡e e¨eüZ n‡”Q| Z‡e `yBwU †¯^”Qv‡mex cÖwZôvb gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx wkï/wK‡kvi‡`i Rb¨
cÖwk¶Y Kg©m~wP Pvjy †i‡L‡Q|

(K) cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i wcZv gvZvi mgš^‡q MVb Òw` †mvmvBwU di w` †Kqvi GÛ GWz‡Kkb
Ae †gÈvjx ixUvi‡WW evsjv‡`kÕÕ (SCEMRB) wbqwgZ ¯‹z‡j 11wU we‡kl wk¶v K¬vm Pvjy
K‡i 5 †_‡K 15 eQi eq‡mi cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i †jLv, cov, AsK BZ¨vw` wel‡q Ávb
AR©‡bi cvkvcvwk †ckx mÂvjb, mvgvwRK †evakw³ I fve wewbg‡qi ˆbcyY¨ AR©‡bi
cÖwk¶Y e¨e¯’v Pvjy K‡i‡Q|

Gm.wm.B.Gg.Avi.we (SCEMRB) Ges biI‡qi G‡mvwm‡qkb di w` †gÈvjx wiUv‡W©W Gi

†hŠ_ D‡`¨v‡M 1982 mvj †_‡K 16 eQ‡ii †P‡q †ewk eq‡mi cÖwZeÜx hyeK-hyeZx‡`i
e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y `v‡bi Rb¨ we‡kl Kvh©µg Ae¨vnZ †i‡L‡Q| XvKvi 11wU we‡kl wk¶v
K¬vm QvovI †`‡ki Ab¨vb¨ kn‡i Gm.wm.B.Gg.Avi.wm cÖvq 36wU we‡kl wk¶v Kvh©µg Pvjy
K‡i‡Q|

(L) 1984 mv‡j evsjv‡`k cÖwZeÜx dvD‡Ûkb XvKv kn‡i ÔKj¨vYxÕ bv‡g gvbwmK
cÖwZeÜx‡`i Rb¨ GKwU we‡kl wk¶vi ¯‹zj ¯’vcb K‡i‡Q| Òwkï weKvk wK¬wb‡KÕÕ AwfÁ
g‡bvweÁvbx I wkï we‡kl‡Ái mvnv‡h¨ cix¶v Kiv‡bvi ci cÖwZeÜx wkï/wK‡kvi‡`i
ÒKj¨vYxiÕÕ cÖwk¶Y Kvh©µ‡gi wewfbœ †kªwY‡Z fwZ© Kiv nq| cÖwZeÜxZvi gvÎv Abyhvqx
†jLvcov, bvP, Mvb †kLvb nq| GQvovI ivbœv, †mjvB, ZuvZ‡evbv I n¯Í wkí RvZxq
e„wËg~jK cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki cÖZ¨šÍ AÂj †_‡K AvMZ cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i Rb¨
cÖ¯‘Z Kiv n‡q‡Q Ò`~i cÖwk¶YÕÕ cyw¯ÍKv (Qwemn) hvi gva¨‡g evev/gv‡q‡`i cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv
nq Zv‡`i mšÍvb‡`i hZœ I cwiPh©v Kivi|

D‡j- L¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k we‡kl wk¶vq wk¶K cÖwk¶‡Yi Rb¨ 1993 Bs mv‡j XvKv
wek¦we`¨vj‡qi wk¶v I M‡elYv Bbw÷wUD‡U Òwe‡kl wk¶v wefvMÕÕ Pvjy Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB
cÖwZôv‡b eZ©gv‡b we‡kl wk¶vq mœvZK (m¤§vb) †Kvm© Ges GgGW Kvh©µg Pvjy i‡q‡Q| GB
Kvh©µ‡gi Aax‡b `„wó, kªeY Ges gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡`i wk¶K cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 150

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

(M) GQvov mgvRKj¨vY Awa`߇ii Aax‡b i‡q‡Q 'National Centre for Special
Education' GLv‡b `„wó, kªeY Ges gvbwmK cÖwZeÜx‡`i wk¶K cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv nq|

mvigg©:
e¨wZµgagx© wkï‡`i Pvwn`v †gUv‡bvi Rb¨ †h wk¶v e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb Zv‡KB
mvaviYZ Òwe‡kl wk¶vÕÕ ejv n‡q _v‡K| G ai‡bi wk¶vi Rb¨ we‡kl ai‡bi
miÄvg, DcKiY Ges we‡kl e¨e¯’vi cÖ‡qvRb nq| wk¶K‡K cvi`kx© n‡Z nq
wewfbœ †¶‡Î| eZ©gv‡b mgw¤^Z wk¶v e¨e¯’vq mvaviY wk¶K Ges we‡kl wk¶K
DfqB wk¶v`vb K‡i _v‡Kb| mgw¤^Z wk¶v e¨e¯’v Qvov G‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl
we`¨vjq, AvevwmK we`¨vj‡qi my‡hvM myweav i‡q‡Q| e¨wZµgagx© wkï ev Gme
cÖwZeÜx wkï‡`i Rb¨ miKvix Ges †emiKvix ch©v‡q h‡_ó D‡`¨vM MÖnY Kiv
n‡q‡Q| fwel¨‡Z hv‡Z G¸‡jv Av‡iv m~`yicÖmvix cÖfve †dj‡Z cv‡i ZviRb¨
Av‡iv Kvh©Kix c`‡¶c †bIqv DwPZ|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 151

 ¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

P‚ovšÍ g~j¨vqb: BDwbU 6

eû wbe©vPbx cÖkœ

mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK wPý (√) w`b|

1. wb‡Pi DwjøwLZ †Kvb ai‡bi wkï e¨wZµag©x wkï‡`i AvIZvq c‡o?

K. ¯^vfvweK wkï
L. myweavewÂZ wkï
M. evavMÖ¯’ wkï
N. Amy¯’ wkï|

2. e¨wZµgag©x wkïi Dci me‡P‡q AwaK cÖfveKvix e¨w³ †K?

K. evev
L. gv
M. fvB-†evb
N. AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb|

3. ˆeix cwi‡ek wkïi Dci wKiƒc cÖwZwµqv m„wó K‡i?

K. wkï‡K Amy¯’ K‡i †Zv‡j
L. wkï‡K †gRvRx K‡i †Zv‡j
M. wkï‡K we‡kl wkï‡Z cwiYZ K‡i
N. wkï‡K myweavewÂZ K‡i †Zv‡j|

4. 1996 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k wkï kªwg‡Ki msL¨v KZ wQj?

K. 48 j¶
L. 50 j¶
M. 52 j¶
N. 54 j¶|

5. kn‡ii ew¯Í GjvKvi evjK I evwjKv‡`i ¯‹z‡j fwZ©i nvi KZ?

K. h_vµ‡gi 38 I 43 kZvsk
L. h_vµ‡g 43 I 49 kZvsk
M. h_vµ‡g 49 I 43 kZvsk
N. h_vµ‡g 43 I 49 kZvsk|
6. †hme wkïiv kvixwiK, gvbwmK I mvgvwRK mgm¨vi Rb¨ ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡bi Pvwn`v
cyiY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv Zv‡`i cÖavbZ Kx e‡j?
K. we‡kl wkï
L. myweavewÂZ wkï
M. evavMÖ¯Í wkï
N. wcwQ‡q cov wkï|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 152

 evsjv‡`k D›gy³ wek¦we`¨vjq

7. wb‡Pi †Kvb wkïiv e¨wZµgag©x wkïi AvIZvq c‡o?

K. hviv ¯^í eyw× m¤úbœ
L. hviv AwaK eyw× m¤úbœ
M. hviv kvixwiKfv‡e c½y
N. Dc‡ii K I L `y‡UvB|

8. wb‡Pi †KvbwU we‡kl wkï‡`i ˆewkó¨ bq?

K. AwaK eyw×gËv
L. kvixwiK Amy¯’Zv
M. AvPiYMZ cv_©K¨
N. kvixwiK mgm¨v|

9. wek¦ ¯^v¯’¨ ms¯’vi wnmve g‡Z wkï‡`i kZKiv KZ Rb cÖwZeÜx?

K. kZKiv 2 Rb
L. kZKiv 5 Rb
M. kZKiv 8 Rb
N. kZKiv 10 Rb|

10. hLb ¯^vfvweK I we‡kl wkï‡`i GK‡Î wk¶v †`Iqv nq ZLb GB e¨e¯’v‡K Kx
e‡j?
K. wgkª e¨e¯’v
L. mgwš^Z e¨e¯’v
M. GKwÎZ e¨e¯’v
N. we‡kl e¨e¯’v|

wb‡R wb‡R Kiæb

1| Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi cÖ‡Z¨K †kªwYi wkï‡`i Ae¯’v we‡ePbv K‡i Zv‡`i myweav ewÂZ
I we‡kl wkï wnmv‡e †kªwYKiY Kiæb|
2| myweav ewÂZ I e¨wZµgag©x wkï‡`i gvbwmK ˆewkó¨ wKiƒc? G wel‡q we¯ÍvwiZ
Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3| Avcbvi we`¨vj‡qi evavMÖ¯Í I †gavex wkï‡`i wk¶v`v‡bi Rb¨ GKwU cwiKíbv
cÖYqb Kiæb|

wkï I wk¶v g‡bvweÁvb c„ôv- 153

¯‹zj Ae GWz‡Kkb wmGW †cÖvMÖvg

msw¶ß DËig~jK cÖkœ

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.1

1. myweavewÂZ wkï ej‡Z Kv‡`i eySvq?

2. myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i cvwicvwk¦©K Ges Av_©mvgvwRK Ae¯’v eY©bv Kiæb|
3. A_©, cywó, `vwi`ª I wk¶vq wcwQ‡q covi AvšÍ m¤úK© eY©bv Kiæb|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.2

1. myweavewÂZ wkïiv wK ai‡bi wkLb mgm¨vi m¤§yLxb nq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|

2. myweavewÂZ wkï‡`i wkLb mgm¨v cÖwZKv‡ii Rb¨ wK Kiv DwPZ|
3. ew¯Í GjvKvi wkï‡`i we`¨vj‡q fwZ©i nvi †Kgb?

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.3

1. we‡kl wkï ej‡Z Avcwb Kx ey‡Sb?

2. Avgv‡`i mgv‡R we‡kl wkï‡`i wewfbœ bv‡g WvKv nq, †m¸wj Kx?
3. we‡kl wkï‡`i KZ †kªwY‡ZfvM Kiv nq, †m¸‡jv Kx?

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.4

1. Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ Kviv? Zv‡`i wK wK bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq?

2. †kªwYwefvMmn we‡kl wkï‡`i ˆewkó¨ Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3. Ôwe‡kl wkï‡`iÕ †¶‡Î cwievi I mgv‡Ri cÖfve Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
4. Ôwe‡kl wkïÕ†`i mbv³Ki‡Yi myweav I Amyweav¸‡jv Zz‡j aiæY|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb- 6.5

1. Ôwe‡kl wk¶vÕi msÁv Kx? Kv‡`i Rb¨ we‡kl wk¶v cÖ‡qvRb?

2. Ôwe‡kl wk¶vÕq wewfbœ ai‡Yi cÖkvmwbK e¨e¯’v Av‡jvPbv Kiæb|
3. we‡kl wk¶vi Rb¨ KZ iKg wk¶K i‡q‡Q Zvi GKwU ZvwjKv cÖ¯‘Z Kiæb|

DËigvjv: BDwbU 6

1| M; 2| L; 3| N; 4| K; 5| M; 6| K; 7| N; 8| L; 9| N; 10| L|

BDwbU- 6 c„ôv- 154