PMT

Cambridge International AS & A Level

BIOLOGY 9700/53
Paper 5 Planning, Analysis and Evaluation May/June 2022
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 30

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2022 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and some
Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 10 printed pages.

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9700/53 Cambridge International AS & A Level – Mark Scheme May/June 2022
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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

 the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
 the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
 the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

 marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
 marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
 marks are not deducted for errors
 marks are not deducted for omissions
 answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently, e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

Science-Specific Marking Principles

1 Examiners should consider the context and scientific use of any keywords when awarding marks. Although keywords may be present, marks
should not be awarded if the keywords are used incorrectly.

2 The examiner should not choose between contradictory statements given in the same question part, and credit should not be awarded for any
correct statement that is contradicted within the same question part. Wrong science that is irrelevant to the question should be ignored.

3 Although spellings do not have to be correct, spellings of syllabus terms must allow for clear and unambiguous separation from other syllabus
terms with which they may be confused (e.g. ethane / ethene, glucagon / glycogen, refraction / reflection).

4 The error carried forward (ecf) principle should be applied, where appropriate. If an incorrect answer is subsequently used in a scientifically
correct way, the candidate should be awarded these subsequent marking points. Further guidance will be included in the mark scheme where
necessary and any exceptions to this general principle will be noted.

5 ‘List rule’ guidance

For questions that require n responses (e.g. State two reasons …):

 The response should be read as continuous prose, even when numbered answer spaces are provided.
 Any response marked ignore in the mark scheme should not count towards n.
 Incorrect responses should not be awarded credit but will still count towards n.
 Read the entire response to check for any responses that contradict those that would otherwise be credited. Credit should not be
awarded for any responses that are contradicted within the rest of the response. Where two responses contradict one another, this should
be treated as a single incorrect response.
 Non-contradictory responses after the first n responses may be ignored even if they include incorrect science.

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6 Calculation specific guidance

Correct answers to calculations should be given full credit even if there is no working or incorrect working, unless the question states ‘show
your working’.

For questions in which the number of significant figures required is not stated, credit should be awarded for correct answers when rounded by
the examiner to the number of significant figures given in the mark scheme. This may not apply to measured values.

For answers given in standard form (e.g. a  10n) in which the convention of restricting the value of the coefficient (a) to a value between 1
and 10 is not followed, credit may still be awarded if the answer can be converted to the answer given in the mark scheme.

Unless a separate mark is given for a unit, a missing or incorrect unit will normally mean that the final calculation mark is not awarded.
Exceptions to this general principle will be noted in the mark scheme.

7 Guidance for chemical equations

Multiples / fractions of coefficients used in chemical equations are acceptable unless stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

State symbols given in an equation should be ignored unless asked for in the question or stated otherwise in the mark scheme.

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Examples of how to apply the list rule
State three reasons…. [3]

A 1 Correct  F 1 Correct 
2 Correct  2 (4 responses) 2 Correct 
2
3 Wrong  3 Correct 
CON (of 3.) (discount 3)

B 1 Correct, Correct , 
G 1 Correct 
(4 responses) 2 Correct  3
(5 responses) 2 Correct 
3 Wrong ignore
3
3 Correct 
Correct ignore
CON (of 4.) ignore
C 1 Correct 
(4 responses) 2 Correct, Wrong ,  2
3 Correct ignore H 1 Correct 
(4 responses) 2 Correct 
2
3 CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
D 1 Correct 
Correct 
(4 responses) 2 Correct, CON , (discount 2)
2
(of 2.)
3 Correct  I 1 Correct 
(4 responses) 2 Correct 
2
3 Correct 
E 1 Correct 
CON (of 2.) (discount 2)
(4 responses) 2 Correct  3
3 Correct, Wrong 

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Mark scheme abbreviations

; separates marking points

/ alternative answers for the same point
R reject
A accept (for answers correctly cued by the question, or by extra guidance)
AW alternative wording (where responses vary more than usual)
underline actual word given must be used by candidate (grammatical variants accepted)
max indicates the maximum number of marks that can be given
ora or reverse argument
mp marking point (with relevant number)
ecf error carried forward
I ignore

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Question Answer Marks

1(a)(i) concentration / water potential, of sucrose (solution) ; 1

1(a)(ii) (the coloured sucrose drop / it) would sink / AW ; 1

1(a)(iii) 1 water, leaves potato (by osmosis) ; 2

2 (sucrose) solution, becomes less dense ;

1(b)(i) (add) 8 cm3 of stock solution with 12 cm3 of (distilled) water ; 1

1(b)(ii) ref. to hazard and risk ; 1

1(b)(iii) Any six from: 6

1 use minimum of 5 different concentrations of sucrose solution ;

2 method of maintaining the same temperature (once potato pieces are immersed) ;

3 use same, type / age, of potato ;

4 all pieces of potato are, the same / stated, dimensions ;
5 method to create potato of a certain dimensions ;

6 potato pieces are fully covered / submerged (by sucrose solution) ;

7 remove after same / stated time ;

8 ref. to measuring mass of potato before and after ;

9 method of drying potato pieces (before measuring final mass) ;

10 repeat experiment a minimum of twice and calculate a mean ;

11 idea of repeat with new concentrations of sucrose to get closer to the equivalent sucrose concentration ;

1(c) –1.15 ; 1

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Question Answer Marks

1(d)(i) any one from: 1

1 data is continuous ;

2 data is normally distributed ;

3 comparing (two) means ;

4 standard deviations are approximately the same ;

5 fewer than 30 values / samples (for each potato) ;

1(d)(ii) no difference between, the water potential of, the two types of potato / Record and Kerr’s Pink (potato) ; 1

1(d)(iii) 38 ; 1

1(d)(iv) any three from: 3

1 critical value (at df = 38 and p = 0.05%) = 2.024 ;
2 calculated (t–) value / 1.890 is < than critical (t–) value / 2.024 ; ora
3 null hypothesis is accepted ;
4 there is no significant difference (between the means of the water potentials of the two varieties of potato) ;

Question Answer Marks

2(a) to, absorb / remove / take up, the carbon dioxide produced (during respiration of blowfly larvae) ; 1

2(b) direction 1
the coloured fluid will, move upwards
and
explanation
(oxygen is, taken in / used in respiration) so,
decreases the, volume / pressure of gas (in test-tube) ;

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Question Answer Marks

2(c) 1 remove substance X ; 2

2 replace X with an inert material / glass beads / AW ;

2(d) any one from: 1

temperature ;

number of, (blowfly) larvae ;

mass of, (blowfly) larvae ;
age of, (blowfly) larvae ;
food source for, (blowfly) larvae ;

mass / number of, substance X / inert material / beads ;

time to, equilibrate ;

time, for measurement (of meniscus movement) ;

2(e) any two from: 2

1 the larvae were not fully adjusted / equilibrated ;

2 the larvae were at a lower temperature (than the apparatus) ;

3 the larvae were less active ;

2(f) 5.34 ;; 2

incorrect answer max one for working:

(  0.52  68) ÷10 ;

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Question Answer Marks

2(g) 0.56 ;; 2

incorrect answer max one for working:

3.00 / 5.34 ;

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