MSCAST

Assignment Booklet
M.SC. (APPLIED STATISTICS)

Valid from January 2024 to December 2024

ASSIGNMENTS
for
Semester-I &II Courses
 MST-011  MST-012  MST-013
 MST-014  MST-015  MST-016
 MST-017  MST-018  MST-019

It is compulsory to submit Assignments before filling the

Term-End Examination (TEE) Form

School of Sciences
Indira Gandhi National Open University
Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068 (INDIA)
2024
Dear Learner,
Welcome to the M.Sc. (Applied Statistics) Programme.
As per the laid down guidelines of the University, you need to complete the assignment
for each theory course. All the questions given in an assignment are compulsory. It is
important that you should write the answers to all questions in your own words. You
should remember that writing answers to the assignment questions will improve your
writing skills and prepare you for the term-end examination.
This booklet includes assignments for the first and second semesters’ courses:
MST-011: Real Analysis, Calculus and Geometry
MST-012: Probability and Probability Distributions
MST-013: Survey Sampling and Design of Experiments-I
MST-014: Statistical Quality Control and Time Series Analysis
MST-015: Introduction to R Software
MST-016: Statistical Inference
MST-017: Applied Regression Analysis
MST-018: Multivariate Analysis
MST-019: Epidemiology and Clinical Trials
It is compulsory to submit the assignments within the stipulated time to be
eligible for appearing in the term-end examination. You will not be allowed to
appear for the term-end examination for a course if you do not submit the assignment
for that course within the due date. As per the University guidelines, if you appear in
the term-end examination of a course without submitting its assignment, the result of
the term-end examination is liable to be cancelled/ withheld.
The assignments constitute the continuous component of the evaluation
process and have 30% weightage in the final grading.
Before you write the assignments, first go through the course material and then
prepare the assignments carefully by following the instructions pertaining to
assignments. Your responses should not be a verbatim reproduction of the textual
materials provided for self-learning purposes, but it should be in your own words.
If you have any doubt or problem pertaining to the course material and assignments,
contact the concerned Programme in-charge or Academic Counsellor at your Study
Centre. If you still have problems, do feel free to contact us at the School of Sciences,
IGNOU, New Delhi.
Wishing you all the best to successfully complete the programme.

Programme Team
MSCAST

Email: [email protected]
INSTRUCTIONS
1. Read the instructions related to assignments given in the Programme Guide.
2. Please note that unless you submit the assignments contained in this booklet within the
stipulated time, you would not be permitted to appear for the term-end examination.
3. You are advised to mention the following information on the first page of the assignment
response sheet:

NAME: ....................…………...............................…………....................................

ENROLLMENT NO........................................................…………..........................

CYCLE OF ADMISSION:..……...............................…………..............................

PROGRAMME CODE:..................................................………................................

ASSIGNMENT CODE:……………………….…………….................................

COURSE CODE:…………………………..............…………...............................

COURSE TITLE:…………………….……............…………................................

REGIONAL CENTRE CODE:..........................................................................

STUDY CENTRE:......................................................…………...............................

ADDRESS: ……........………………...………........….………...............................

………........………………...……….......….……….........................

........................................................................………........................

CONTACT NUMBER:...................................................…………...........................

DATE OF SUBMISSION:…….………..................…………...............................

You are advised to strictly follow the above format. If you do not follow this format, your
assignment response sheet will be returned to you, and you will be asked for re-submission.
 Note the following points before you start writing the assignments:

• Use only A-4 size paper for writing your responses. Only handwritten
assignments will be accepted. Typed or printed copies of the assignments will
not be accepted.

• Tie the pages after numbering them carefully.

• Write the question number for each answer.

• All questions are compulsory.

• Keep a copy of the assignment answer sheets with you before

submission for future reference.

• Answer each assignment on separate sheets.

• It is mandatory to write all assignments neatly in your own handwriting. Write

Your Name, Course Code, Enrollment No. and Cycle of admission on all the
assignments in bold letters.

• Express your response in your own words. You are advised to restrict your
response based on the marks assigned to it. This will also help you to distribute
your time in writing or completing your assignments on time.

• The assignment must be submitted at your Study Centre.

You will have to submit your solved assignments at the Study Centre allotted to you before
the due date as set by the University.

It is desirable to keep with you a photocopy of the assignment(s) submitted by you.

*You will have to submit the assignments at the Study Centre by the due date as
specified by the University.

Due Date of Submission*: As specified by IGNOU.

*Please note that last date of submission may be changed by the University. Please check
IGNOU website for updated information regarding due date of assignment submission.
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-011: Real Analysis, Calculus and Geometry
Course Code: MST-011
Assignment Code: MST-011/TMA/2023
Maximum Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. Solve the following problems.
(a) A ball is thrown in an upward direction. If the variable x represents the velocity of the ball
when it strikes the ground. Classify variable x as discrete or continuous. Justify your answer
with a proper explanation.
(b) In R we have a built-in data set “trees”. A screenshot of the first four rows together with the R
code to obtain it is given as follows. To get more detail about this data set you can run ?trees
command on R console.

Note that all the three variables of this data set are numeric. So, assuming each row of this
data set is a point in 3-dimension. Find the distances between the points corresponding to the
first and the third rows using the Manhattan and Chebyshev distance formula.
(c) Find the equation of a line passing through points A(2, 3, 5) and B(5, 8, 9). Also, find the
coordinates of a point on this line which is at a distance of 10 units from point A opposite to
the side of point B.
(d) Give an example of a set which is convex but not affine. Justify your claim with a proper
explanation.
(2 + 3 + 2 + 3)
3 5 7 9
2. (a) Test the convergence of the series x+ x2 + x3 + x 4 +  , x > 0.
5.9.7 10.12.11 15.15.15 20.18.19

(b) If f :[0, 5] →  be a function defined by f (x) = x 2 + 2x + 1, x ∈ [0, 5]. Show that f is Riemann
integrable using both definitions. Also, verify that the results of both definition match.
(10 + 10)
3. (a) Evaluate the integral ∫∫ e
4x + 5y
dx dy, where
= D {(x, y) : x ≥ 0, y ≥ 0, x + y ≤ 1} , by considering D
D
as a region of Type I and then as a region of Type II.
4
dx
(b) Evaluate the integral ∫
0 4x − x 2
using beta and gamma functions. (14 + 6)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-012: Probability and Probability Distributions
Course Code: MST-012
Assignment Code: MST-012/TMA/2023
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. (a) Suppose two friends Anjali and Prabhat trying to meet for a date to have lunch say between
2 pm to 3 pm. Suppose they follow the following rules for this meeting:
• Each of them will reach either on time or 10 minutes late or 20 minutes late or 30 minutes
late or 40 minutes late or 50 minutes late or 1 hour late. All these arrival times are equally
likely for both of them.
• Whoever of them reaches first will wait for the other to meet only for 10 minutes. If within
10 minutes the other does not reach, he/she leaves the place and they will not meet.
Find the probability of their meeting.
(b) In the study learning material (SLM), you have seen many situations where Poisson
distribution is suitable and discussed some examples of such situations. Create your own
example for a situation other than those that are discussed in SLM. If you denote your
created random variable by X then find the probability that X is less than 2.
(8 + 17)
2. (a) In an election there are two candidates. Being a statistician, you are interested in predicting
the result of the election. So, you plan to conduct a survey. Using the learning skill of this
course answer the following question. How many people should be surveyed to be at least
90% sure that the estimate is within 0.03 of the true value?
(b) Let ( Ω,  ,  ) be a probability space and X1, X2 , X3 ,  be a sequence of independent and
identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables from the uniform distribution on the interval
[12, 20]. If Xn denotes the sample mean of the first n random variables of the sequence
p
X1, X2 , X3 ,  , and Xn → a. Find the value of a. (15 + 10)

3. Explain the procedure of assigning probability in a continuous world of probability theory. (25)
4. (a) If X ~ Gamma ( θ, α ) and Y ~ Gamma ( θ, β ) be two independent gamma distributions and
X
U= and V= X + Y then find the distribution of U.
X+Y
(b) A hospital specialising in heart surgery. In 2022 total of 2000 patients were admitted for
treatment. The average payment made by a patient was Rs 1, 50,000 with a standard
deviation of Rs 25000. Under the assumption that payments follow a normal distribution,
answer the following questions.
(i) The number of patients who paid between Rs 1,40,000 and Rs 1,70,000.
(ii) The probability that a patient bill exceeds Rs 1,00,000.
(iii) Maximum amount paid by the lowest paying one-third of patients.
(10 + 15)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

MST-013: Survey Sampling and Design of Experiments-I

Course Code: MST-013
Assignment Code: MST-013/TMA/2023-24
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in
support of your answer: (5×2=10)

(a) Vopt ( xst ) lies between Vprop (xst ) and VRandom (xst ).

(b) The total number of all possible samples of size 3 without replacement from a
population of size 7 is 21.

(c) While analysing the data of a 5 × 5 Latin Square design the d.f. for ESS is equal
to 16.

(d) In a Two-way Analysis of Variance test with 5 observations per cell having 4
blocks and 4 treatments the degree of freedom for the total variation is 64.

(e) The probability of selection of a sample of n from the population by SRSWOR is

1 / N.
2(a) A sample of 100 employees is to be drawn from a population of collages A and B. The
population means and population mean squares of their monthly wages are given
below:

Village Ni Xi Si2

Collage A 400 60 20
Collage B 200 120 80

Draw the samples using Proportional and Neyman allocation techniques and compare.
Obtain the sample mean and variances for the Proportional Allocation and SRSWOR
for the given information. Then Find the percentage gain in precision of variances of
sample mean under the Proportional Allocation over the that of SRSWOR.
(15)
(b) A population consists of 10 villages with a total of 212 households. The second column
of the accompanying table shows the number of households corresponding to each
village. Select a PPS with replacement sample of 6 villages by using the Cumulative
Total method:

Village 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
No. of 35 28 20 25 30 19 10 12 18 15
Households

(10)
3(a) In a population of size N = 5, the values of the population characteristics are 1, 3, 5, 7,
9, a sample of size 2 is drawn. Verify that y is an unbiased estimate of Y and V( y) is
equal to
 N−n 2
V(y) = S . (12)
N.n
(b) In order to compare the mileage yields of 3 kinds of Gasoline, several tests were run,
and the following results were obtained:
Gasoline A: 19 21 20 18 21 21

Gasoline B: 23 20 22 20 24 23

Gasoline C: 20 17 21 19 20 17

Carry out the Analysis of Variance test and test whether there is significant differences
between the average mileage of 3 kinds of gasoline at 5% level of significance.
(8)
4(a) A manurial trial with six levels of Farmyard Manure (FYM) was carried out in a
randomised block design with 4 replications at the experimental station Junagarh with
a new study the rate of decomposition of organic matters in soil and its synthetic
capacity in soil on cotton crop. The yield per plot in kg for different levels of FYM and
replications is given below:
Cotton Yield Per Plot (in Kg)
Levels Replications
of FYM I II III IV
1 6.90 4.60 4.40 4.81
2 6.48 5.57 4.28 4.45
3 6.52 7.60 5.30 5.30
4 6.90 6.65 6.75 7.75
5 6.00 6.18 6.50 5.50
6 7.90 7.57 6.80 6.62

Carry out the Analysis of Variance test and draw the conclusions. (15)
rd
(b) For the given data the yield of the treatment 2 in 3 block is missing. Estimate the
missing value and analyse the data.

Treatments Blocks
I II III IV
1 105 114 108 109
2 112 113 Y 112
3 106 114 105 109
(10)

5(a) The following data is the data pertaining to a feeding trial on sheep. Treatments
A: Grazing only
B: Grazing + Maize Supplements
C: Grazing + Maize + Protein Supplement P1
D: Grazing + Maize + Protein Supplement P2
E: Grazing + Maize + Protein Supplement P3
Layout and Wool Yield (100 gm) is given as:
 32(D) 33(E) 30(C) 28(B) 24(A)
51(C) 45(D) 41(A) 45(E) 29(B)
41 (E) 29 (A) 24 (B) 36 (D) 35 (C)
38 (B) 39(C) 42(E) 23(A) 37(D)
38(A) 24(B) 21(D) 29(C) 26(E)

Analyse the design with appropriate method and calculate the Critical Difference for
the treatment mean yield. (15)
(b) In a class of Statistics, total number of students is 30. Select the linear and circular
systematic random samples of 12 students. The age of 30 students is given below:
Age: 22 25 22 21 22 25 24 23 22 21 20
21 22 23 25 23 24 22 24 24 21 20
23 21 22 20 20 21 22 25
(5)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-014: Statistical Quality Control and Time Series
Course Code: MST-014
Assignment Code: MST-014/TMA/2023
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. (a) State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reason in support
of your answer: (5×2=10)
(i) The R- chart is suitable when subgroup size is greater than 10.
(ii) In single sampling plan, if we increase acceptance number then the OC curve
will be steeper.
(iii) If the effect of summer and winter is not constant on the sale of AC then we
use the additive model of the time series.
(iv) If a researcher wants to find the relationship between today’s unemployment
and that of 5 years ago without considering what happens in between then the
partial autocorrelation is the better way in comparison to autocorrelation.
(v) A system has four components connected in parallel configuration with
reliability 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.8. To improve the reliability of the system most, we
have to replace the component which reliability is 0.2.
(b) Differentiate between the autoregressive and moving average models of time series.
(10)
2(a) A manufacturer of men’s jeans purchases zippers in lots of 500. The jeans
manufacturer uses single-sample acceptance sampling with a sample size of 10 to
determine whether to accept the lot. The manufacturer uses c = 2 as the acceptance
number. Suppose 3% nonconforming zippers are acceptable to the manufacturer and
8% nonconforming zippers are not acceptable. Find
(i) Probability of accepting a lot of incoming quality 0.04.
(ii) Average outing quality (AOQ), if the rejected lots are screened and all defective
zippers are replaced by non-defectives.
(iii) Average total inspection (ATI). (6+2+2)
(b) An office supply company ordered a lot of 400 printers. When the lot arrives the
company inspector will randomly inspect 12 printers. If more than three printers in the
sample are non-conforming, the lot will be rejected. If fewer than two printers are non-
conforming, the lot will be accepted. Otherwise, a second sample of size 8 will be
taken. Suppose the inspector finds two non-conforming printers in the first sample and
two in the second sample. Also AQL and LTPD are 0.05 and 0.10 respectively. Let
incoming quality be 4%.
(i) What is the probability of accepting the lot at the first sample?
(ii) What is the probability of accepting the lot at the second sample? (2+8)

3(a) A system has seven independent components and reliability block diagram of it
shown as follows:
 Find reliability of the system. (10)
(b) The failure data for 40 electronic components is shown below:
Operating Time (in 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30
hours)
Number of Failures 5 7 6 4 5 4
Operating Time (in 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 ≥50
hours)
Number of Failures 4 0 2 1 2

Estimate the reliability, cumulative failure distribution, failure density and failure rate
functions. (10)
4. At a call centre, callers have to wait till an operator is ready to take their call. To monitor
this process, 5 calls were recorded every hour for the 8-hour working day. The data
below shows the waiting time in seconds:
Sample Number
Time
1 2 3 4 5
9 a.m 8 9 15 4 11
10 7 10 7 6 8
11 11 12 10 9 10
12 12 8 6 9 12
1 p.m. 11 10 6 14 11
2 7 7 10 4 11
3 10 7 4 10 10
4 8 11 11 11 7
(i) Use the data to construct control charts for mean and comments about the
process. If process is out of control, then calculate the revised control limits.
(ii) Construct the CUSUM chart when the process is under control and draw the
conclusion about the process.
(iii) If the specification limits as the 8±2, then calculate the process capability index
Cpk and impetrate the result.
(iv) Also find the percentage of calls lie outside the specification limits assuming
that calls follow the normal distribution.
(20)
5(a) Consider the time series model
y t = 10 + 0.5y t −1 − 0.8y t − 2 +  t

where t N0,1

(i) Is this a stationary time series?

(ii) What are the mean and variance of the time series?
(iii) Calculate the autocorrelation function.
(iv) Plot the correlogram. (10)
(b) The marketing manager of a company recorded the number of mobiles sold quarterly
for which are given in the following table:

Quarter
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
Year
2018 48 41 60 65

2019 58 52 68 74

2020 60 56 75 78

(i) Find the quarterly seasonal indexes for the mobile sold using the ratio to trend
method.
(ii) Do seasonal forces significantly influence the sale of mobile? Comment.
(iii) Also find the deseasonalised values. (10)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-015: INTRODUCTION TO R SOFTWARE
Course Code: MST-015
Assignment Code: MST-015/TMA/2023
Maximum Marks: 50

Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. Attempt the following:
(a) Write the output of the following statements:
(i) rep(x=c(T,F,T,F), times=c(2,1,2,3))
(ii) 5%/%3; diag(3)
(b) Differentiate between the use of the sep and collapse arguments of the paste()
function.
(c) Write R commands to create a bar plot of the following data by using arguments of
the used function for filling up the bars and to give labels to the axis:
5, 10, 8, 7, 8, 5, 8, 7, 5, 8, 9, 6, 8, 8, 8
(d) Check whether the given loop is finite or infinite. If infinite, do the necessary changes
in the written loop to make it finite.
x<-0
repeat{
print(x^2)
x<-x+1
if(x<5) print(x) }
(1×3+2=5)
2. The following data relates to the number of items produced per shift by two workers for
a number of days.
Worker A 19 22 24 27 24 18

Worker B 26 37 40 35 NA NA

(a) Write R command to create a list named LT with worker’s data. Also, after creating
the list, do the following tasks:
(i) Use a suitable loop function to compute the mean of number of items
produced by each worker in a single line command.
(ii) Extract the worker A data from it by using two different approaches.
(b) Write R command to create a data frame named DF with worker’s data and do the
following tasks:
(i) Use suitable function to remove NA from the data and then create a scatter
plot.
(ii) Write the known data obtained in step (i) to a .txt file named “WORK”.
(8+7=15)
3. Write R commands to:
(a) Create a function to compute ranks (in case of tied ranks) of the given data.

(b) Create a date object named Ddata consisting of the following dates.
26Jan2023, 15Aug2023, 02Oct2023, 05Sep2023
 (c) Create an array of two dimension with following elements.
−2 4
( 0 1)
9 2
Also, extract the row shown in the rectangular box.
(d) Create the graph of the following function.
f(x) = x , -5  x  5
(4x3+3=15)
4. (a) Create following two matrices A and B with following elements.
 1 2  −3 1 
A = , B =  
 0 1  2 −1
Write R commands to do the following tasks:
(i) Multiply the two matrices.
(ii) Combine the two matrices row-wise.
(iii) Create a function that computes the following expression:
A2+3*B
(b) Create a data frame named RData consisting of the following data:

Write R commands to:

(i) Compute the group wise means of x, y and z according to the groups
defined by w column using apply family function.
(ii) Sort RData according the y column of it.
(8+7=15)
 MST-017: Applied Regression Analysis
Course Code: MST-017
Assignment Code: MST-017/TMA/2024
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1(a) State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in
support of your answer. (52=10)

(i) We define three indicator variables for an explanatory variable with three
categories.
(ii) If the coefficient of determination is 0.833, the number of observations and
explanatory variables are 12 and 3, respectively, then the Adjusted R2 will be 0.84.
(iii) For a simple regression model fitted on 15 observations, if we have hii = 0.37 ,
then it is an indication to trace the leverage point in the regression model.

(iv) In a regression model Y = 0 + 1X1 + 2 X2 +  , if H0: β1 = 0 is not rejected, then

the variable X1 will remain in the model.
(v) The logit link function is log  − log(1 − π) .

(b) Write a short note on the problem of multicollinearity and autocorrelation. (10)

2(a) Explain the assumptions underlying multiple linear regression model.

(b) Suppose a researcher wants to evaluate the effect of cholesterol on the blood
pressure. The following data on serum cholesterol (in mg/dL) and systolic blood
pressure (in mm/Hg) were obtained for 15 patients to explore the relationship between
cholesterol and blood pressure:

S. No. Cholesterol (mg/dL) SBP (mm/Hg)

1 300 150
2 410 270
3 380 210
4 530 310
5 570 350
6 490 310
7 340 210
8 320 150
9 280 110
10 550 320
11 340 220
12 350 170
13 410 260
14 390 230
15 450 270

(i) Fit a linear regression model using the method of least squares.
 (ii) Construct the normal probability plot for the regression model fitted on serum
cholesterol and systolic blood pressure.

(iii) Test the significance of the fitted regression model.

(5+15)
3. For the data given in Question 2(b), obtain the followings:
(i) Diagonal of the hat matrix and also check the leverage points if any.
(ii) Cook’s Distances, DFFITS and DFBETAS. Also verify the influence points if any.
(8+12)
4 A company conducted a study on its employees to see the relationship of several
variables with an employ’s IQ. For this purpose, fifteen employees were selected and
an IQ as well as five different personality tests were given to them. Each employ’s IQ
was recorded along with scores on five tests. The data are shown in the following
table:

Employee Test 1 Test 2 Test 3 Test 4 Test 5 IQ

1 83 80 78 77 67 99
2 73 85 67 80 63 92
3 81 80 71 81 68 94
4 96 86 82 83 56 99
5 84 73 75 75 68 94
6 72 74 71 67 59 79
7 84 79 84 84 69 97
8 54 86 61 69 53 92
9 86 85 79 78 76 94
10 42 71 60 80 56 86
11 83 72 72 78 74 98
12 63 86 65 85 56 83
13 69 76 64 85 61 98
14 81 84 65 79 64 96
15 50 85 71 65 75 76

Determine the most appropriate regression model for the employee’s IQ using
stepwise approach at 5 % level of significance and interpret the results. Does the final
regression model satisfy the linearity and normality assumptions? (20)
5. The following data on diagnosis of coronary heart disease (where 0 indicating absence
and 1 indicating presence), serum cholesterol (in mg/dl), resting blood pressure (in
mmHg) and weight (in kg) were obtained for 80 patients to explore the relationship of
coronary heart disease with cholesterol and weight:
Serum Number of Total
S. Cholesterol Weight
Patients Number of
No. (kg)
(mg/dl) having CHD Patients
1 420 60 10 20
2 450 68 15 30
3 400 54 4 15
4 510 74 2 10
5 480 62 1 5
(i) Fit a multiple logistic model for the dependence of coronary heart disease on the
average serum cholesterol and weight considering
ˆβ0 = 4.279, βˆ 0 = −0.035 and βˆ 0 = 0.172 as the initial values of the parameters
0 1 2
(solve only for one Iteration).
(ii) Test the significance of the fitted model using Hosmer-Lemeshow test at 5% level
of significance.
(12+8)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-016: Statistical Inference
Course Code: MST-016
Assignment Code: MST-016/TMA/2024
Maximum Marks: 100
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. (a) State whether the following statements are True or False. Give reason in support of
your answer:
(i) If X1, X2, X3, X4 and X5 is a random sample of size 5 taken from an Exponential
distribution, then estimator T1 is more efficient than T2.
X1 + X 2 + X 3 + X 4 + X 5 X1 + 2X 2 + 3X 3 + 4X 4 + 5X 5
=T1 = , T2
5 15
(ii) If T1 and T2 are two estimators of the parameter θ such that Var(T1) = 1/n and
Var(T2) = n then T1 is more efficient than T2.
(iii) A 95% confidence interval is smaller than 99% confidence interval.
(iv) If the probability density function of a random variable X follows F-distribution is
1
f (x) = ,x ≥ 0
(1 + x ) 2
then degrees of freedom of the distribution will be (2,2).
(v) A patient suffering from fever reaches to a doctor and suppose the doctor formulate
the hypotheses as
H0: The patient is a chikunguniya patient
H1: The patient is not a chikunguniya patient
If the doctor rejects H0 when the patient is actually a chikunguniya patient, then the
doctor commits type II error.
(5×2=10)
(b) Describe the various forms of the sampling distribution of ratio of two sample variances.
(10)
2(a) A baby-sister has 6 children under her supervision. The age of each child is as follows:

Child Age (in years)

Sonu 2
Lavnik 4
Chiya 3
Amam 3
Avishi 4
Ridhi 5
Sidhi 3
(i) What is the form of population of age of children?
(ii) Prepare the sampling distribution of sample mean when sample size is 2.
(iii) Is the shape of the sampling distribution normal?
(iv) Calculate the mean and standard error of the sampling distribution. (20)
3. The department of transportation has mandated that the average speed of cars on interstate
highways be no more than 70 km per hours in order. To check that the people follow it or not,
a researcher took a random sample of 186 cars and found that the average speed was 72 km
per hours with a standard deviation 0.6 km per hours.
(a) Construct the interval around the sample mean that would contain the population mean
95% of the time.
(b) If the researcher wants to test that the true mean speed on its highways is 70 km per hours
or less with 95% confidence then
(i) State null and alternative hypotheses.
(ii) Name the test which is suitable in this situation and why?
(iii) Calculate the value of test statistic and critical value.
(iv) Draw the conclusion on the basis of the applied test. (20)
4(a) A sample of 500 shops was selected in a large metropolitan area to determine various
information concerning consumer behaviour. One question, among the questions,
asked, was “Do you enjoy shopping for clothing?” Out of 240 males 136 answered yes.
Out of 260 females, 224 answered yes. Find 95% confidence interval for the difference
of the proportions for enjoys shopping for clothing. (10)
(b) An engineer conducted an experiment to compare two metals: iron and copper, as bonding
agents for an alloy material. Components of the alloy were bonded using the metals as
bonding agents, and the pressures required to break the bonds were measured. The data
for the breaking pressures are given in the following table:

S. Breaking Pressure

No. Iron Copper

1 72.7 73

2 69.6 67.2

3 83.4 75.3

4 78.9 61.4

5 75 74

6 71.6 69.5

7 85.7 69.8

8 73.5 73.8

9 70.4 68

10 84.2 76.1

If the breaking pressures for both iron and copper are normally distributed, are the
variances of the distributions of the breaking pressure of iron and copper equal at 5 %
level of significance? (10)
5. (a) Complete the following table, one is done for you:
S. Test For Name of the Test Statistic
No Test
.

1 Population mean when Z-test X −µ

Z=
population variance is σ/ n
known and population is
normal

2 Population mean when

population variance is
unknown and population is
normal

3 Difference of two
population means when
samples are paired, and
population of differences
follows normal distribution.

4 Difference of two
population means when
samples are independent,
and population of
differences follows normal
distribution.

5 Population variance when

the population is normal
distributed

6 Population variance when

the population is not
normal distributed

(10)
(b) Describe the following:

(i) Curve of F-distribution

(ii) Mean Squared Error
(10)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT

MST-018: Multivariate Analysis

Course Code: MST-018

Assignment Code: MST-018/TMA/2024-25
Maximum Marks: 100

Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.

1. State whether the following statements are true or false and also give the reason in
support of your answer: (5×2=10)
(a) The covariance matrix of random vectors X and Y is symmetric.
(b) If X is a p-variate normal random vector, then every linear combination c X ,
where c p1 is a scalar vector, is also p-variate normal vector.

 3 −2 
(c) The trace of matrix   is 9.
 −2 6 
(d) If a matrix is positive definite then its inverse is also positive definite.
 2  1 0   −1  1 0  
(e) If X N2    ,    and Y N2    ,    , then
  1  0 1    3   0 1 
  1  1 0  
X+Y N2    ,   .
  1  0 1  
X 
2 (a) Let X =  1  has the following joint density function
 X2 

4x x ,0  x1  1, 0  x 2  1,
f(x1, x 2 ) =  1 2
0 ,otherwise.

Find the marginal distributions, mean vector and variance-covariance matrix. Also,
comment on the independence of X1 and X2.
 −4  2 2 3 0
   
 X(1)  1 2 1 2 0
( )
(b) Let X =  (2)  ~ N4 ,  , where  = 
 4 
and  = 
 3 2 2 1
. Find the
X 
   
0 0 0 1 1
( ) (
E X(2) X(1) = x(1) and Cov X(2) X(1) = x(1) . ) (10×2=20)

3 (a) Let X be a 3-dimensional random vector with dispersion matrix

 4 −2 0 
 
 =  −2 4 0  .
 0 0 2
 
Determine the first principal component and the proportion of the total variability that it
explains.
 3 4 0 0 0 
   
 −2   0 3 0 0
(b) Let X ~ N4 ( ,  ) , where  = and  = . Check the independence
 1  0 0 2 −2 
   
 −2   0 0 −2 5 
of the (i) X2 and X1 (ii) ( X2 , X4 ) and ( X1 , X3 ) (iii) ( X1 , X2 ) and ( X3 , X4 ).
(10×2=20)
4 (a) Consider the following data of 11 samples on 8 variables by Anscombe, Francis J.
(1973):

x1 x2 x3 x4 y1 y2 y3 y4
10 10 10 8 8.04 9.14 7.46 6.58
8 8 8 8 6.95 8.14 6.77 5.76
13 13 13 8 7.58 8.74 12.74 7.71
9 9 9 8 8.81 8.77 7.11 8.84
11 11 11 8 8.33 9.26 7.81 8.47
14 14 14 8 9.96 8.10 8.84 7.04
6 6 6 8 7.24 6.13 6.08 5.25
4 4 4 19 4.26 3.10 5.39 12.50
12 12 12 8 10.84 9.13 8.15 5.56
7 7 7 8 4.82 7.26 6.42 7.91
5 5 5 8 5.68 4.74 5.73 6.89

 x1   y1 
   
x y
If the vector x =  2  and y =  2  , then obtain the sample covariance matrix
 x3   y3 
   
 x4   y4 
between x and y .
Source: Anscombe, Francis J. (1973). Graphs in statistical analysis. The American Statistician, 27, 17–
21. doi: 10.2307/2682899.

(b) Obtain the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean vector and variance-covariance
matrix of the multivariate normal distribution.
(15+10=25)
5 (a) Define the following:
(i) Covariance Matrix
(ii) Mahalanobis D2
(iii) Hotelling’s T2
(iv) Clustering
(v) Relationship between (ii) and (iii).
 2 5 3 0 
( )    
(b) If X ~ N3 ,  with  =  1  and  =  3 3 −2  . Then find the joint distribution of
 2  0 −2 5 
   
X1 + 2X2 , 2X1 − X2 and X3 . (15+10=25)
 TUTOR MARKED ASSIGNMENT
MST-019: Epidemiology and Clinical Trials
Course Code: MST-019
Assignment Code: MST-019/TMA/2024
Maximum Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory. Answer in your own words.
1. (a) In the natural history of a disease define: total preclinical phase, detectable pre-clinical phase
and clinical phase. Suppose on 10 am on 25.01.2010 a disease A onset you biologically.
Suppose test of the disease A can detect it exactly after completion of 1000 days of
biologically onset. Suppose signs and symptoms develop exactly after completion of 1010
days of biologically onset. Suppose you consult doctor exactly after 1015 days of biologically
onset of the disease. Suppose outcome the treatment is cure. What is duration of (i) total
preclinical phase (ii) detectable pre-clinical phase (iii) clinical phase.
p
(b) If p denotes proportion and q denotes odds then prove that q = . Find the range of q. If
1− p
the odds of smokers in a study are 0.25 then find the proportion of smokers in the study.
Assume that each subject of the study is either a smoker or non-smoker.
(c) A trial is conducted in which some people with disease X were randomly allocated into two
groups. First group was advised to do some morning walk for 30 minutes and take light food
each day and second group was given one injection and one 100 mg tablet once a day to
control disease X. The injection can cause loose motion in some cases and 100 mg tablet
has no side effect. At the end of two months, 90% of group I and 80% of group II had
recovered from disease X.

i) What are the regimens for group I and group II in this trial?
ii) What are the efficacies in group I and group II?
iii) What are the safety issues in group I and group II in this trial?
(4 + 4 + 2)
2. (a) What is the basic difference between (a) cross-sectional (b) cohort and (c) case control
study designs. Explain with suitable examples of each design.
(b) RTPCR test is applied on 300 covid patients and 200 non-covid patients. The results of the
test are shown as follows.
Disease status
Yes (D + ) No (D − ) Total

Result of T+ 480 40 520

RTPCR test
T− 120 360 480
Total 600 400 1000

What are the sensitivity and specificity of the test? Also, determine the positive and negative
values of the test.
(15 + 5)
3. (a) In usual notations you are given the following information
 =δ 0.05,=
π1 0.75,=
π2 0.65,
= π 0.7,
= α 0.05,
= β 0.20
Find the sample size. If power of the test is 95% instead of 80%, then find new sample size.

(b) If you are told that haemoglobin (Hb) level in blood measures the iron content. The normal
level in healthy people is around 15 g/dL. Most Indian women have less and some have
even less than 8 g/dL. They are called anemic. Iron supplementation is given to increase
this level. Suppose one supplementation increase the mean Hb level in anemics by 3.2
g/dL, after one month of use and the other by 3.6 g/dL, in an equivalence trial on 500
women each. The respective SD’s of the of the increases are 0.52 and 0.72 g/dL. The
doctors determine that the supplementations can be clinically equivalent if the difference
between the increases by two supplementations does not exceed 0.52 g/dL. Can these two
supplementations be considered clinically equivalent at 5% level of significance?

. (10 + 10)