Lab - Research Networking Standards

Objectives
• Research Networking Standards Organizations
• Reflect on Internet and Computer Networking Experiences

Background / Scenario
Using web search engines like Google, research the non-profit organizations that are responsible for
establishing international standards for the internet and the development of internet technologies.

Required Resources
Device with internet access

Instructions Step 1: Research Networking Standards Organizations

In this step, you will identify some of the major standards organizations and important characteristics, such as
the number of years in existence, the size of their membership, the important historical figures, some of the
responsibilities and duties, organizational oversight role, and the location of the organization’s headquarters.
Use a web browser or websites for various organizations to research information about the following
organizations and the people who have been instrumental in maintaining them.
You can find answers to the questions below by searching the following organizational acronyms and terms:
ISO, ITU, ICANN, IANA, IEEE, EIA, TIA, ISOC, IAB, IETF, W3C, RFC, and Wi-Fi Alliance.
Questions:

 Who is Jonathan B. Postel and what is he known for?

Jonathan B. Postel was an influential computer scientist renowned for his extensive contributions to the
development of the Internet. He played a crucial role in the creation and specification of core Internet protocols,
including IP, TCP, and DNS. He served as the editor of the Request for Comments (RFC) series for nearly three
decades and was the founding director of the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). Postel's work on
ARPANET and early networking software laid the groundwork for the modern Internet, and he was instrumental in
its governance and technical coordination.

 Which two related organizations are responsible for managing the top-level domain name space and the root
Domain Name System (DNS) name servers on the internet?

The two related organizations responsible for managing the top-level domain name space and
the root DNS name servers are:

 The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

 The Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA)
Type your answers here.

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  Vinton Cerf has been called one of main fathers of the internet. What internet organizations did he chair or
help found? What internet technologies did he help to develop?

 T Vinton Cerf has chaired or helped found several important internet organizations,
including:
 The Internet Society (ISOC)
 The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)
 He played a key role in developing:
 The Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 The Internet Protocol (IP)
 The architecture and initial design of the Internet
our answers here.

 What organization is responsible for publishing Request for Comments (RFC)?

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) is responsible for publishing Request for Comments (RFC).e.
 What do RFC 349 and RFC 1700 have in common?

RFC 349 and RFC 1700 both deal with the assignment and management of numbers used in network
protocols. RFC 1700, titled "Assigned Numbers," was a comprehensive list of protocol numbers, while RFC 349
is a part of the series that eventually replaced and updated the information found in RFC 1700.Type your
answers here.
Lab - Research Networking Standards

 What RFC number is the ARPAWOCKY? What is it?

The ARPAWOCKY is RFC 527. It is a humorous RFC that presents a parody poem based on Lewis Carroll's
"Jabberwocky," adapted to the context of ARPANET.Type your answers here.
 Who founded the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was founded by Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the World Wide
Web. Type your answers here.
 Name 10 World Wide Web (WWW) standards that the W3C develops and maintains?

1. Type HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)

2. CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
3. XML (Extensible Markup Language)
4. SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics)
5. WCAG (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines)
6. ARIA (Accessible Rich Internet Applications)
7. RDF (Resource Description Framework)

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8. OWL (Web Ontology Language)
9. SPARQL (SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language)
10. WebRTC (Web Real-Time Communication)
your answers here.

 Where is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) headquarters located and what is the
significance of its logo?

T The headquarters of the IEEE is located in Piscataway, New Jersey, USA. The IEEE logo features the right-
hand rule, a visual representation of a fundamental principle in electromagnetism, symbolizing the
organization's focus on electrical and electronics engineering.ype your answers here.

 What is the IEEE standard for the Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) security protocol?
Type The IEEE standard for Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 (WPA2) is IEEE 802.11i. your answers here.
 Is the Wi-Fi Alliance a non-profit standards organization? What is their goal?

Ty Yes, the Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit standards organization. Their goal is to promote Wi-Fi technology
and ensure interoperability between different wireless devices and networks through testing and certification
programs.pe your answers here.

 Who is Hamadoun Touré?

Hamadoun Touré is a Malian telecommunications engineer and diplomat who served as the Secretary-
General of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) from 2007 to 2014.Type your answers here.
 What is the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and where is it headquartered?

The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible
for issues related to information and communication technologies. It is headquartered in Geneva,
Switzerland.Type your answers here.

 Name the three ITU sectors.

T The three ITU sectors are:

1. ITU-T (Telecommunication Standardization Sector)

2. ITU-R (Radiocommunication Sector)
3. ITU-D (Telecommunication Development Sector)
ype your answers here.
 What does the RS in RS-232 stand for and which organization introduced it?

The RS in RS-232 stands for "Recommended Standard." The standard was introduced by the Electronic
Industries Association (EIA).Type your answers here.

 What is SpaceWire?

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 SpaceWire is a high-speed data handling network for use onboard spacecraft, designed to facilitate
communication between spacecraft subsystems and instruments. It is standardized by the European Space
Agency (ESA).
Type your answers here.
 What is the mission of the ISOC and where are its headquarters located?

Type you The mission of the Internet Society (ISOC) is to promote the open development, evolution, and use
of the Internet for the benefit of all people throughout the world. Its headquarters are located in Reston,
Virginia, USA.r answers here.

 What organizations does the IAB oversee?

The Internet Architecture Board (IAB) oversees the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) and the Internet
Research Task Force (IRTF).Type your answers here.
 What organization oversees the IAB?
The Internet Society (ISOC) oversees the Internet Architecture Board (IAB).Type your answers here.
Lab - Research Networking Standards

 When was the ISO founded and where are its headquarters located?

 The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) was founded on February 23,
1947. Its headquarters are located in Geneva, Switzerland.
Type your answers here.

Step 2: Reflect on Internet and Computer Networking Experiences

Take a moment to think about the internet today in relation to the organizations and technologies you have
just researched. Then answer the following questions.
Questions:

I. How do the internet standards allow for greater commerce? What potential problems could we have if we did
not have the IEEE?

1. Typ Internet standards ensure interoperability, security, efficiency, and reliability, fostering a
conducive environment for online commerce. Here's how:
Interoperability: Standards such as TCP/IP, HTTP, and HTML ensure that different devices and
systems can communicate seamlessly. This allows businesses to operate online stores
accessible from any device or browser, expanding their reach.
2. Security: Protocols like HTTPS, SSL/TLS, and WPA2 provide secure channels for online
transactions, protecting sensitive data and building consumer trust in e-commerce platforms.
3. Efficiency: Standards optimize data transmission, reducing latency and enhancing the user
experience. Efficient communication protocols ensure e-commerce sites handle large traffic
volumes, especially during peak times.

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4. Reliability: Consistent and reliable internet services are ensured by standards. For instance,
DNS standards ensure users can access websites without interruption, maintaining business
continuity.
5. Innovation: Open standards facilitate the development of new applications and services,
driving innovation in e-commerce. APIs based on standardized protocols enable integration
with third-party services, enhancing functionality.
6. Regulatory Compliance: Standards help businesses comply with international regulations and
industry-specific guidelines, easing cross-border trade and reducing legal complexities.

Potential Problems Without the IEEE

The IEEE is vital in developing standards for electronic and electrical systems. Without the IEEE:

1. Lack of Interoperability: Devices and systems might not work together, leading to fragmented networks and
reduced functionality.
2. Increased Costs: Manufacturers would develop proprietary solutions, increasing development costs and
consumer prices.
3. Security Vulnerabilities: Inconsistent implementation of security measures could lead to more attacks.
4. Innovation Stagnation: Lack of common standards would slow technological advancements.
5. Regulatory Challenges: Creating and enforcing regulations would be more complex.
6. Quality and Reliability Issues: Without standards, product quality and reliability might decline.
7. Global Trade Barriers: Incompatible standards could create trade barriers, complicating the global supply chain.
e your answers here.

II. What potential problems could we have if we did not have the W3C?

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) develops key web standards. Without the W3C:

1. Fragmented Web Development: Different companies might create their own standards,
leading to compatibility issues and a fragmented web experience.
2. Inconsistent User Experience: Web pages might not render correctly across different
browsers and devices, frustrating users and limiting access.
3. Security Risks: Inconsistent security standards could leave websites more vulnerable to
attacks, undermining trust in online services.
4. Slower Innovation: Without common standards, developers would face significant challenges
ensuring compatibility, slowing down innovation.
5. Accessibility Issues: W3C standards like WCAG ensure web accessibility for people with
disabilities. Without these, many users could be excluded from web services.
6. Increased Development Costs: Developers would need to account for multiple proprietary
standards, increasing development time and costs.
Type your answers here.

III. What can we learn from the example of the Wi-Fi Alliance with regard to the necessity of networking
standards?

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 The Wi-Fi Alliance exemplifies the necessity of networking standards:

1. Ensuring Interoperability: The Wi-Fi Alliance ensures that devices from different
manufacturers work together seamlessly, promoting a universal standard for wireless
networking.
2. Building Consumer Trust: Certification by the Wi-Fi Alliance assures consumers that devices
meet certain performance and security standards, fostering trust in Wi-Fi technology.
3. Promoting Innovation: By providing a common standard, the Wi-Fi Alliance enables
innovation, as manufacturers can develop new products and features knowing they will be
compatible with existing devices.
4. Facilitating Global Adoption: Wi-Fi’s global standardization has led to widespread adoption
and integration into various devices and industries, highlighting the importance of unified
standards in driving technology adoption.
5. Ensuring Security: The Alliance’s role in developing and promoting security standards like
WPA2 and WPA3 helps protect users and maintain the integrity of wireless communications.

In summary, internet standards, whether developed by IEEE, W3C, or the Wi-Fi Alliance, are
crucial for fostering an environment conducive to commerce, innovation, and security. They
ensure interoperability, protect consumers, and drive global adoption of technologies. Without
these standards, we would face fragmentation, increased costs, security vulnerabilities, and
slower innovation.
Type your answers here.
End of Document

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