BTLE 105 Midterm Chapter 3

BTLE 105
INTRODUCTION TO ICT
1
Midterm Module
Course Description
This course introduces BTLE students to explore the science, culture, and ethics of information
technology, its various uses and applications, as well as its influence on culture and society. It
also aims to strike a balance between conceptual instruction and socially – and culturally –
oriented discussions as it not only explains the basic concepts or key terms in IT but also
features the major IT trends along with the issues and challenges these developments bring.
This course also will give an overview on Technical Drafting, Illustration and 2D Animation. It
also establishes the basics of Medical Transcription and Web application.
Course Learning Outcomes
•Demonstrate an awareness of the main processes in an ICT system (sending, receiving, storing,
retrieving, manipulating, conveying).
•Demonstrate an awareness of some of the hardware, software and communication

components used in ICT systems.
•Acquire knowledge of basic principles of technical drawing, sketching and use of drafting
equipment.
•Learn basic concepts of 2D animations, illustrations, medical transcription and web

application.
BTLE 105 Introduction to ICT 1 will cover the following lessons:
 Lesson 1: Chapter 1 – Introduction to Information and Communications

Technology (ICT)
 Lesson 2: Chapter 2 – Computers in our daily life
 Lesson 3: Chapter 3 – The internet and the World Wide Web
 Lesson 4: Chapter 4 – Information, control and privacy
 Lesson 5: Chapter 5 – IT, culture and the society
 Lesson 6: Chapter 6 – IT trends, issues and challenges
 Lesson 7: Chapter 7 – Introduction to AutoCAD
 Lesson 8: Chapter 8 – 2D animation
 Lesson 9: Chapter 9 – Medical Transcription
 Lesson 10: Chapter 10 – Web application
CHAPTER 3
Internet and the World
Wide Web
Learning Outcomes
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
 Trace the history of the internet.

 Identify the ways to access and connect to the internet.
 Analyze how data travels through the internet.
 Highlight the importance of information control and privacy by creating a video
advertisement/ awareness campaign.
Introduction
Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of

commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect.
Sometimes referred to as a “network of networks,”
In this chapter we will discover how this vast sea of information called internet works. We will
go back through time to study how it started and who started it and how it changed our lives
forever.
Key Terms
Analysis
Are these logos familiar? Can you name all of them?
What are these things called? How do they make our lives easy?
1
Lesson 1: The Internet
Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of

commerce by allowing various computer networks around the world to interconnect.
Sometimes referred to as a “network of networks,” the Internet emerged in the United States
in the 1970s but did not become visible to the general public until the early 1990s. By 2020,
approximately 4.5 billion people, or more than half of the world’s population, were estimated
to have access to the Internet.
The Internet provides a capability so powerful and general that it can be used for almost any
purpose that depends on information, and it is accessible by every individual who connects to
one of its constituent networks. It supports human communication via social media, electronic
mail (e-mail), “chat rooms,” newsgroups, and audio and video transmission and allows people
to work collaboratively at many different locations. It supports access to digital information by
many applications, including the World Wide Web. The Internet has proved to be a spawning
ground for a large and growing number of “e-businesses” (including subsidiaries of traditional
“brick-and-mortar” companies) that carry out most of their sales and services over the Internet.
Who invented the internet?

What most of us think of as the Internet is really just the
pretty face of the operation—browser windows, websites,
URLs, and search bars. But the real Internet, the brain
behind the information superhighway, is an intricate set of
protocols and rules that someone had to develop before
we could get to the World Wide Web. Computer scientists
Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn are credited with inventing the
Internet communication protocols we use today and the
system referred to as the Internet.
Before the current iteration of the Internet, long-distance

networking between computers was first accomplished in
a 1969 experiment by two research teams at UCLA and Figure 1 Vinton Cerf
Stanford. Though the system crashed during the initial
attempt to log in to the neighboring computer, the
researchers, led by Leonard Kleinrock, succeeded in creating
the first two-node network. The experiment was also the first
test of “packet switching,” a method of transferring data
between two computer systems. Packet switching separates
information into smaller “packets” of data that are then
transported across multiple different channels and
reassembled at their destination. The packet-switching
method is still the basis of data transfer today. When you
send an email to someone, instead of needing to establish a
connection with the recipient before you send, the email is Figure 2 Robert Kahn
broken up into packets and can be read once all of the
packets have been reassembled and received.
Cerf and Kahn developed a set of guidelines for data transfer using packet switching in 1980,
calling those guidelines TCP/IP, or Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol. The TCP
part of the protocol is in charge of packing the data before it moves across the network and
unpacking it once it has arrived. The IP component acts as the trip coordinator and maps the
movement of information from its start point to its end point. While Kleinrock’s experiment
proved that a single network between two computer systems was possible, Cerf and Kahn’s
TCP/IP provided the backbone for an efficient and large web of interconnected networks—thus
the name “Internet.” Though other protocols were developed and used before TCP/IP, such as
the file transfer protocol (FTP) and network control protocol (NCP), the Internet as we know it
today is built on the basis of Cerf and Kahn’s “network of networks.”
Philippine’s Access to the Internet

Internet in the Philippines first became available on March 29, 1994, with the Philippine
Network Foundation (PHNet) connecting the country and its people to Sprint in the United
States via a 64 kbit/s link. As of January 2020, there are 73,000,000 people using the internet in
the country, penetrating 67% of the total population.
A year after the connection, the Public Telecommunications Act of the Philippines was made
into law. Securing a franchise is now optional for value-added service providers. This law
enabled many other organizations to establish connections to the Internet, to create Web sites
and have their own Internet services or provide Internet service and access to others.
However the growth of the Internet in the Philippines was hindered by many obstacles
including unequal distribution of Internet infrastructure throughout the country, its cost and
corruption in the government. But these obstacles did not altogether halt all the developments.
More connection types were made available to more Filipinos. Increasing bandwidth and a
growing number of Filipino Internet users were proof of the continuing development of the
Internet in the country.
The Cybercrime Prevention Act of 2012, codified as Republic Act No. 10175, criminalized
cybersquatting, cybersex, child pornography, identity theft, illegal access to data and libel.The
act has been criticized for its provision on criminalizing libel, which is perceived to be a
curtailment in freedom of expression. After several petitions submitted to the Supreme Court
of the Philippines questioned the constitutionality of the Act, the Supreme Court issued a
temporary restraining order on October 9, 2012, stopping implementation of the Act for 120
days.
A Magna Carta for Philippine Internet Freedom was filed in the Philippine legislature in 2013 to,
among others; repeal Republic Act No. 10175.The Implementing Rules and Regulations of
Republic Act No 10175 were promulgated on August 12, 2015.
Internet Speed in the Philippines

Average internet speeds in the Philippines, both for mobile and broadband, have seen
impressive growth since last year, according to the latest figures posted by internet speed
analytics firm Ookla.
From June 2020 to June 2021, mobile internet download speeds, as measured by users on
Ookla’s Speedtest website, have risen from 16.17 Mbps to 32.84 Mbps, as seen in the image
below. The figure represents a doubling of the speed, enough to propel the Philippines 40 rungs
up, from the 115th spot to the 75th. Mobile upload speeds improved from 5.91 Mbps to 8.92
Mbps.
Global averages are 55.34 Mbps (download speed) and 12.69 Mbps (upload speed).
Figure 3 Internet Speeds in East Asia
References
https://www.britannica.com/technology/Internet

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BTLE 105

Course Learning Outcomes

•Demonstrate an awareness of some of the hardware, software and communication

•Learn basic concepts of 2D animations, illustrations, medical transcription and web

BTLE 105 Introduction to ICT 1 will cover the following lessons:

 Lesson 1: Chapter 1 – Introduction to Information and Communications

At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:

 Trace the history of the internet.

Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of

Internet, a system architecture that has revolutionized communications and methods of

Who invented the internet?

Before the current iteration of the Internet, long-distance

Philippine’s Access to the Internet

Internet Speed in the Philippines

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