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CE -7592 PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABLE

DESIGN AND PRODUCTION


prepared by

Dr. K. Soundaranayaki,
Assistant Professor,CES Anna University –Chennai-25

These slides are for your reference and easy preparation of the subject. you have to refer your text book for thorough knowledge of
the subject.
UNIT 4-TOOLS FOR
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a
process of evaluating the likely environmental
impacts of a proposed project or
development, taking into account inter-
related socio-economic, cultural and human-
health impacts, both beneficial and adverse.
Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA)
• The International Association for Impact
Assessment (IAIA) defines an environmental
impact assessment as "the process of
identifying, predicting, evaluating and
mitigating (reducing) the biophysical, social,
and other relevant effects of development
proposals prior to major decisions being taken
and commitments made".
(EIA)- objectives
• Detailed study based on environmental assessment (EA) to
determine the type and level of effects an existing facility is having,
or a proposed project would have, on its natural environment.
• Its objectives include
• (1) to help decide if the effects are acceptable or have to be
reduced for continuation of the facility or proceeding with the
proposed project,
• (2) to design/implement appropriate monitoring, mitigation, and
management measures,
• (3) propose acceptable alternatives, and
• (4) to prepare an environmental impact report (EIR).
• The adequacy of an EIA is based on the extent to which the
environmental impacts can be identified, evaluated, and mitigated.
IMPACTS OF DEVELOPMENT ON
ENVIRONMENT
• Human impact on the
environment or anthropogenic impact on the
environment includes changes to biophysical
environments and ecosystems, biodiversity
and natural resources caused directly or indirectly by
humans.
• Modifying the environment to fit the needs of
society is causing bad effects, which become worse
as the problem of human population continues.
• Some human activities that cause damage (either
directly or indirectly) to the environment on a global
scale include human reproduction,
overconsumption, overexploitation, pollution and
deforestation, to name but a few.
• Some of the problems, including global warming
and biodiversity loss pose an existential risk to
the human race.
• Human activity is causing environmental
degradation, which is the deterioration of
the environment through depletion of resources
such as air, water and soil, the destruction of
ecosystems, habitat destruction, the extinction of
wildlife, and pollution.
• It is defined as any change or disturbance to the
environment perceived to be deleterious or
undesirable.
• As indicated by the I=PAT equation,
environmental impact (I) or degradation is
caused by the combination of an already very
large and increasing human population (P),
continually increasing economic growth or per
capita affluence (A), and the application of
resource-depleting and polluting technology
(T).
• The major environmental concerns at present
include:
Global warming
Ozone Layer Depletion
Habitat destruction
Habitat destruction
Desertification
Ocean acidification
Land degradation
Water degradation
Disruption of the nitrogen cycle
Mass extinction, defaunation, and decline in
biodiversity
EIA-ADVANTAGES
• One of the main strengths of environmental assessment (EA) is its
flexibility.
• Project planning processes can integrate EA as essential step giving
sensitivity to the social and economic as well as environmental
impacts of projects.
• In this way project managers can compensate shortcomings in the
project planning process.
• The EA can help establish and strengthen decision-making and
communication mechanisms within a project.
• It can also pave the way for introducing innovations.
• An EA may reveal sound environmental, social or economic reasons
for shifting a project's direction.
• EA process may also function as a project control mechanism.
• Duration for EA will hinge on
1. The size and complexity of the proposed
project.
2. The extent of co-operation received from the
project sponsor and third parties such as
local government.
3. The level of interest and support
demonstrated by the community.
4. The ability of the project team to sustain
interest in the EA.
5. The skills of the EA team.
6. The EA techniques employed.
Types of EIA
• In principle, environmental assessment can be undertaken for
1. Individual projects such as a dam, motorway, airport or factory
and call it as 'Environmental Impact Assessment' (EIA).

2. Plans, programs and policies and call it as 'Strategic


Environmental Assessment'(SEA).

• Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is defined as an activity


designed to identify and predict the impact of legislative
proposals, policies, programmes, projects and operational
procedures on the bio-geophysical environment and on the health
and well being of human beings and to interpret and
communicate information about the impact.
OBJECTIVES OF EIA
• EIA can:
1. Modify and improve design
2. Ensure efficient resource use
3. Enhance social aspects
4. Identify key impacts and measures for mitigating
them
5. Inform decision-making and condition-setting
6. Avoid serious and irreversible damage to the
environment
7. Protect human health and safety
BENEFITS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT
• Reduced cost and time of project
implementation.
• Cost-saving modifications in project design.
Increased project acceptance.
• Avoided impacts and violations of laws and
regulations.
• Improved project performance.
• Avoided treatment/clean up costs.
Benefits to local communities
• The benefits to local communities from taking part in
environmental assessments include:
1. A healthier local environment (forests, water sources,
agricultural potential, recreational potential, aesthetic
values, and clean living in urban areas).
2. Improved human health.
3. Maintenance of biodiversity.
4. Decreased resource use.
5. Fewer conflicts over natural resource use.
6. Increased community skills, knowledge and pride.
Various processes in EIA
• The following are well recognised processes:
 Social Impact  Species Impact
Assessment Assessment
 Risk Assessment  Technology Assessment
 Life Cycle Analysis  Economic Assessment
 Energy Analysis  Cumulative Impact
Assessment
 Health Impact
 Strategic Environmental
Assessment
Assessment
 Regulatory Impact
 Integrated Impact
Assessment
Assessment
• The EIA may cover the issues of the other
assessment processes:
Social aspects (such as impacts on
employment, community interaction)
 Risks (such as threats to native animals, water
supplies)
Life cycle (such as the impacts at each stage of
the project design through to operation and
closure)
 Energy (such as use of non-renewable energy
sources, Greenhouse gas emissions)
PURPOSES OF EIA
1. To facilitate decision-making:
• For the decision-maker, for example the local
authority, it provides a systematic examination
of the environmental implications of a
proposed action, and sometimes alternatives,
before a decision is taken.
• The decision-maker along with other
documentation relating to the planned activity
can consider the environment impact
statement (EIS).
2. To aid in the formation of development:
• EIA can be of great benefit to developers, since it can
provide a framework for considering location and design
issues and environmental issues in parallel.
• It can be an aid to the formulation of developmental
actions, indicating areas where the project can be
modified to minimise or eliminate altogether the
adverse impacts on the environment.
• The consideration of environmental impacts early in the
planning life of a development can lead to
environmentally sensitive development; to improved
relations between the developer, the planning authority
and the local communities; to a smoother planning
permission process and sometimes to a worthwhile
financial return on the expenditure incurred.
3. To be an instrument for sustainable
development:
• The key characteristics of sustainable
development include maintaining the overall
quality of life, maintaining continuing access to
natural resources and avoiding lasting
environmental damage.
• The United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro
in 1992 was an example of international concern
and also of the problems of securing concerted
action to deal with ozone-layer depletion, climate
change, deforestation and biodiversity loss.
Steps in EIA
Standard
social and
environme
ntal
impact
assessmen
t process
Steps in EIA
• Screening
• Scoping
• Baseline data collection
• Impact analysis and prediction
• Analysis of alternatives
• Mitigation and impact management
Screening
• EIA process kicks off with project screening.
• Screening is done to determine whether or
not
– a proposal should be subject to EIA and, if so, at
what level of detail.
– an EIA is required are country specific depending
on the laws or norms in operation.
• Legislation often specifies the criteria for
screening and full EIA
• Development banks also screen projects
presented for financing to decide whether
an EIA is required using their set criteria.
• The output of the screening process is often
a document called an Initial Environmental
Examination or Evaluation (IEE)
• The main conclusion will be a classification
of the project according to its likely
environmental sensitivity.
• This will determine whether an EIA is
needed and if so, to what detail.
Scoping

• Scoping is used to identify the key issues of concern at


an early stage in the planning process.
• The results of scoping will determine the scope, depth
and terms of reference to be addressed within the
Environmental statement.
• Scoping is done to:
– Identify concerns and issues for consideration in an EIA
– Ensure a relevant EIA
– Enable those responsible for an EIA study to properly brief
the study team on the alternatives and on impacts to be
considered at different levels of analysis
• Determine the assessment methods to be used
• Identify all affected interests
• Provide an opportunity for public involvement in
determining the factors to be assessed, and
facilitate early agreement on contentious issues
• save time and money
• Establish terms of reference (TOR) for EIA study
• Scoping should be an ongoing exercise
throughout the course of the project.
Baseline data collection
• The term "baseline" refers to the collection of
background information on the biophysical, social
and economic settings proposed project area.
• Normally, information is obtained from secondary
sources, or the acquisition of new information
through field samplings, interviews, surveys and
consultations with the public.
• The task of collecting baseline data starts right
from the period of project inception; however, a
majority of this task may be undertaken during
scoping and actual EIA
Baseline data is collected for two main
purposes
• To provide a description of the current status and
trends of environmental factors (e.g., air
pollutant concentrations) of the host area against
which predicted changes can be compared and
evaluated in terms of significance
• To provide a means of detecting actual change by
monitoring once a project has been initiated only
baseline data needed to assist prediction of the
impacts contained in the TOR and scoping report
should be collected
Impact analysis and prediction

• Predicting the magnitude of a development


likely impacts and evaluating their significance
is core of environmental assessment process
• Prediction should be based on the available
environmental baseline of the project area
• Such predictions are described in quantitative
or qualitative terms
Considerations in impact prediction

• Magnitude of Impact
• Extent of Impact
• Duration of Impact
• Significance of the Impact
– Specific legal requirements
– Public views and complaints
– Threat to sensitive ecosystems and resources
– Duration
– Likelihood or probability of occurrence
– Geographical extent of the impact
– Cost of mitigation
Analysis of alternatives

• Analysis of alternative is done to establish the


preferred or most environmentally sound,
financially feasible and benign option for
achieving project objectives
• For each alternative, the environmental cost
should be quantified to the extent possible and
economic values attached where feasible, and
the basic for selected alternative stated
• The analysis of alternative should include a NO
PROJECT alternative
Mitigation and impact management
• Mitigation is done to avoid, minimize or offset
predicted adverse impacts and, where
appropriate, to incorporate these into an
environmental management plan or system
• For each potential adverse impact the plan for
its mitigation at each stage of the project
should be documented and costed, as this is
very important in the selection of the
preferred alternative
Objectives of mitigation
• to find better alternatives and ways of doing
things
• enhance the environmental and social
benefits of a project avoid
• minimize or remedy adverse impacts
• ensure that residual adverse impacts are kept
within acceptable
• Public consultation and participation: This
aims to assure the quality, comprehensiveness
and effectiveness of the EIA, as well as to
ensure that the public’s views are adequately
taken into consideration in the decision-
making process.
• EIS presentation: This is a vital step in the process. If done
badly, much good work in the EIA may be negated.
• Review: This involves a systematic appraisal of the quality
of the EIS, as a contribution to the decision-making process.
• Decision-making: At this stage, decisions are made by the
relevant authority of the EIS (including consultation
responses) together with other material considerations as
to whether to accept, defer or reject the project.
• Post-decision monitoring: This involves the recording of
outcomes associated with development impacts, after the
decision to proceed with the project. It can contribute to
effective project management.
• Auditing:
• This follows monitoring and involves
comparing actual outcomes with predicted
outcomes, and can be used to assess the
quality of predictions and the effectiveness of
mitigation.
• It provides a vital step in the EIA learning
process.
Environmental impact statement (EIS)

• The environmental impact statement (EIS)


provides documentation of the information and
estimates derived from the various steps in the
EIA process.
• The information contained in a EIS provides the
decision-makers/regulators with valuable
information that could ultimately contribute to
either the abandonment or substantial
modification of a proposed development action.

A typical EIS contains the following
three parts:
• Part 1 – Methods and key issues: This part deals
with the statement of methods used and a
summary of key issues.
• Part 2 – Background to the proposed
development: This part deals with preliminary
studies (i.e., need, planning, alternatives, site
selection, etc.), site description/baseline
conditions, description of proposed development
and construction activities and programes.
• Part 3 – Environmental impact assessments on
topic areas: This part deals with land use,
landscape and visual quality, geology,
topography and soils, hydrology and water
quality, air quality and climate, terrestrial and
aquatic ecology, noise, transport, socio-
economic and interrelationships between
effects.
Impact indicator
• An indicator is something that provides a clue
to a matter of larger significance or makes
perceptible a trend or phenomenon that is not
immediately detectable.
Impact indicators
• An impact indicator is an element or a
parameter that provides a measure (in at least
some qualitative sense) of the significance of
the effect, i.e., the magnitude of an
environmental impact.
• Some indicators such as morbidity and
mortality statistics and crop yields have
associated numerical scales.
Impact indicators
• Impact indicators, however, can only be ranked as
‘good’, ‘better’, ‘best’ or ‘acceptable’,
‘unacceptable’, etc.
• The selection of a set of indicators is often a
crucial step in the impact assessment process,
requiring input from the decision-maker.
• In the absence of relevant goals or policies, the
assessor himself or herself may suggest some
indicators and scales, but he or she should not
proceed with the assessment until his or her
proposals are accepted.
Impact indicators
• The most widely used impact indicators are those
within statutory laws, acts, i.e., indicators such as
air and water quality standards that have
statutory authority.
• For example, the problem of designing an
environmentally acceptable oil-fired generating
station is simplified for the engineers, if they are
given one or both of the following:
• Emission standards for various pollutants.
• Air and water quality standards.
• These standards integrate the worth that a
jurisdiction places on clean air and clear water.
• The numerical values that have been derived
from examination of the available toxicological
matter are data relating polluting dosages to
health and vegetation effects, combined with a
consideration of the best practical technology.
• Factors such as the displacement of arable land
by industry are also equally important.
• A EIA that ignores these other components is
incomplete and sometimes misleading.
• Auditing: This follows monitoring and involves
comparing actual outcomes with predicted
outcomes, and can be used to assess the
quality of predictions and the effectiveness of
mitigation. It provides a vital step in the EIA
learning process.
Types of studies in project
implementation
• Site selection studies: These studies involve an
evaluation of the alternative sites with respect to
environmental and project attributes such as proximity
to raw materials, infrastructure facilities, markets, etc.
These studies aim at ranking site alternatives for
objective decision-making.
• Rapid or comprehensive studies: Rapid studies refer to
the assessment based on a one-season monitoring
(i.e., 3- month period), whereas comprehensive studies
relate to the assessment based on a three-seasons
monitoring (i.e., 9- month period) of baseline data.
• Rapid EIA facilitates decision-making in
situations where a fair amount of knowledge
exists about the proposed site or the impacts
of the proposed development.
• It also helps in identifying significant issues for
comprehensive EIA.
• Essentially, rapid and comprehensive studies
differ with respect to timeframes required for
baseline data collection.
• Regional studies: These relate to the
development in/of a region based on seasonal
data collection and address themselves to the
analysis of assimilative capacity of air, water and
land components of the environment.
• Carrying capacity studies: The scope of a carrying
capacity study is extended to the analysis of
supportive capacity in the region with respect to
resource availability/ utilisation, supply/demand,
infrastructure/congestion and assimilative
capacity/residuals.
STUDIES IN EIA
• The first phase of an environmental
assessment is called an Initial
Environmental Examination (IEE)
• The second is Environmental Impact
Studies (EIS) or simply detailed EIA
a) Initial Environmental Examination
(lEE)
• IEE is carried out to determine whether
potentially adverse environmental effects are
significant
or
• to determine whether mitigation measures
can be adopted to reduce or eliminate these
adverse effects.
• The IEE contains a brief statement of key
environmental issues based on readily available
information and is used in the early (pre-
feasibility) phase of project planning
• It also suggests whether in-depth studies are
needed
• When an IEE is able to provide a definite
solution to environmental problems, an EIA is
not necessary
• IEE also requires expert advice and technical
input from environmental specialists so that
potential environmental problems can be
clearly defined
Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA)
• EIA is a procedure used to examine the environmental
consequences or impacts, both beneficial and adverse,
of a proposed development project and to ensure that
these effects are taken into account in project design.
• The EIA is therefore based on predictions.
• These impacts can include all relevant aspects of the
natural, social, economic and human environment.
• The study therefore requires a multidisciplinary
approach and should be done very early at the feasibility
stage of a project.
• In other words, a project should be assessed for its
environmental feasibility.
• EIA should therefore be viewed as an
integral part of the project planning process.
• Unlike the environmental audit (EA), which
is conducted on existing projects, the EIA is
applied to new projects and the expansion
aspects of existing projects.
• The phases of an EIA from screening to
follow-up are illustrated hereby,
EIA NOTIFICATION AND LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
EIA notification 2006
• An EIA notification is issued under Section 3
of the Environment Protection Act, 1986, to
impose restrictions on setting up new projects
or expansion or modernisation of existing
projects.
• The section stipulates that such measures
must benefit the environment.
EIA notification 2006
• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is now
mandatory under the EPA for 39 categories of
developmental activities involving investments of Rs.50
crores and above.
• The EIA Notification makes prior Environmental
Clearance (EC) compulsory for
• All new projects and activities
• Expansion/modernization of existing projects
• Activities listed in the Schedule to the Notification
• For eg: Thermal Power Plants are listed as item 1(d)
under the Schedule to the Notification.
When should EC be obtained by a
project?
• Before setting up of a new plant
• Before expansion or modernisation an existing
plant
• For changes in the product mix of an existing
plan
Which Authorities can issue EC?

• Ministry of Environment & Forests [MoEF]


• State Environment Impact Assessment
Authority [SEIAA]
TERMINOLOGY
• Abbreviations (in national language) used in
regulations. Common abbreviations:
• EIA: Environmental Impact Assessment
• EIS: Environmental Impact Study
• EMP: Environmental Management Plan
• IEE: Initial Environmental Examination
• SEA: Strategic Environmental Assessment
• TOR: Terms of Reference
• CIA: Cumulative Impact Assessment
• CPCB: Central Pollution Control Board
• DoE: State (or Union Territory) Department of
Environment
• EAC: Expert Appraisal Committee of the MoEF
• EC: Environmental Clearance
• EPA: Environment Protection Act
• SEAC:State Expert Appraisal Committee
• MoEF: Ministry of Environment, Forests and
Climate Change
• PEC: Prior Environmental Clearance (or Permit)
• REA: Regional Environmental Impact Assessment
• SEIAA: State (or Union Territory) Environmental
Impact Assessment Authority
• SEAC: State (or Union Territory) Expert Appraisal
Committee
• SPCB: State (or Union Territory) Pollution Control
Board
ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITIES
• Entities and authorities with key
responsibilities in the EIA process
– MoEF
– CPCB
– EAC
– SEIAA
– SEAC
– SPCB
DECISION-MAKING RESPONSIBILITY
• Authority responsible for the evaluation and
final decision in the EIA process
– MoEF
– SEIAA
• The EIA Notification calls these two
authorities as Regulatory Authorities.
• For bigger projects, which fall under Category
A in the Schedule, the MoEF issues the EC.
• For smaller projects- Category B, the SEIAA- a
Central Government authority operating in
each state, issues the clearance.
Types of projects
• Category A projects require mandatory
environmental clearance and thus they do not
undergo the screening process.
• Category B projects undergoes screening
process and they are classified into two types.
• Category B, projects (Mandatorily
requires EIA).
• Category B2 projects (Do not require EIA)
SEIAA

• The SEIAA is a Central Government Authority that is


constituted by the State Government but acts on
behalf and reports to the MoEF.
• COMPOSITION & WORKING:
• SEIAA has 3 members:
• Member-Secretary – a serving officer of the respective
State Government/ Union territory, who is familiar with
environmental laws
• Chairperson – an expert in EIA process with a term of 3
years

• Non-officio Member - an expert in EIA process with a
term of 3 years
• If an SEIAA has not been constituted in a state, then all
projects requiring an EC will be considered by the
MoEF.
• All decisions of the SEIAA should be taken in a meeting
and must, as far as possible be, unanimous.
• If a majority decision is taken, then the details of the
opinions for and against it should be clearly recorded
and copy of the minutes sent to the MoEF.
After applicants Notification
• Following the Applicant’s notification to the
Planning Inspectorate in writing that they
propose to provide an ES, or after a screening
opinion has been adopted to the effect that the
Proposed Development is EIA development,
• the Planning Inspectorate will notify the
consultation bodies that the Applicant intends to
provide an ES for the Proposed Development.
• The Planning Inspectorate is also required to
notify the consultation bodies of the duty
imposed on them under the EIA Regulations,
that if requested by the Applicant, they must
enter into consultation with that person to
determine whether they possess any
information which is considered relevant to
the preparation of the ES or the updated ES;
and, if that is the case, they must make that
information available to the Applicant.
• In accordance with the EIA Regulations, the
Planning Inspectorate will provide the
Applicant with a list of the notified consultation
bodies.
• Details of any nonprescribed consultees will
also be provided, if appropriate.
• The ‘Regulation 11 list’ is compiled by the
Planning Inspectorate to comply with its duty
to notify the consultation bodies in accordance
with the EIA Regulations.
• Applicants may use this list to inform their pre-
application consultation, but should not rely on
this when carrying out their own consultation
exercise.
• During the acceptance stage of an application
for development consent the Planning
Inspectorate, on behalf of the SoS, must,
amongst other matters, determine whether the
Applicant has complied with pre-application
procedure
• Applicants should also have regard to the
relevant Department for Communities and
Local Government guidance on pre-application
consultation and the Planning Inspectorate’s
Advice Note 14: Compiling the Consultation
Report and Advice Note 16: The Developer’s
Pre-application Consultation, Publicity and
Notification Duties.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
ASSESSMENT IN INDIA
Characteristics of EIA according to the
legal framework
• The EIA aims to foresee and address the potential
environmental problems at an early stage of planning
and design of new projects or expansion or
modernization of any activity; and to impose
restrictions and prohibitions on the expansion and
modernization of any activity or new projects being
undertaken in any part of the country unless an
• EC has been accorded by the federal or the state
government in accordance with the specified
procedures. The EIA is also used to ensure that the
project or its EMP complies with other important
environment-related legislation.
TYPES OF EIA INSTRUMENTS
Different types of EIA instruments, their level of
complexity, and their focus.
Category numeration as in regulation.
• Rapid EIA - Category B2
• Comprehensive EIA - Categories A and B1
• Additional studies upon request of the EAC or
SEAC: REA, CIA, and Biodiversity Assessment
TERMS OF REFERENCE
Who defines the content of the TOR and who
conducts the corresponding study
• Project developers submit a draft TOR at the
scoping stage to the EAC or SEAC.
• After reviewing the draft TOR and information
provided by the proponent, as well as a site visit
if needed, the EAC or SEAC clears the TOR with or
without recommended modifications.
• The EIA has to be conducted by an accredited
consulting firm (with each EIA team member also
accredited).
REQUIREMENTS
Requirements in the TOR related to the impacts that the EIS
must take Into account
• The EIA must consider impacts on land, water, vegetation,
fauna, air, aesthetic, and socio-economic environments.
• The EIA shall determine the baseline for the valued
ecosystem components for the study area; and assess the
impacts of the project due to project location, possible
accidents, project design, project construction, regular
operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of a
completed project, as well as from the use of new and
untested technology in the project and the impacts from
technological failures.
ALTERNATIVES
Analysis of various alternatives to the proposed
project, including not carrying it out
• The EIA must include an analysis of
alternatives, including site and technology
alternatives
Consultation with public entities and
organizations in the EIA process
• The MoEF and SEIAA are to base their
approvals on the recommendations of the EAC
and SEAC, respectively.
• The SPCB has the responsibility for conducting
the public hearing.
• Sectoral agencies of the state and federal
governments, as well as local governments
have the right to participate in the public
hearing
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
Provisions for the involvement of the general
community or specific parts of the community as
well as those directly interested in the EIA process
• Public hearing is mandatory for all Categories A
and B1 projects. Overall, public consultation is
divided into two components:
• (i) a public hearing at the site or in its close
proximity, district-wise, to be carried out as
specified by legislation, for ascertaining concerns
of local affected persons, and

• (ii) additional consultation and obtaining written
responses from other concerned persons having a
plausible stake in the environmental aspects of the
project or activity.
• The mandatory public hearing is organized by the SPCB
and chaired by the district administration, which
prepares and finalizes the report on the public hearing.
• The proponent is required to address all material
concerns expressed during the public consultation and
make any appropriate changes in the draft EIA and
EMP.
DISSEMINATION
Public notification and dissemination of
information generated in the EIA process
• The proponent disseminates the draft EIA
report (in hard and soft copies before public
hearing),
• final EIA report (also available at the MoEF or
SEIAA).
• The MoEF or SEIAA discloses minutes of
screening, scoping and appraisal meetings on
their websites.
• Minutes of public hearing are available on the
SPCB website.
• The EC, along with the conditions imposed, is
available on the MoEF or SEIAA website.
• The developer must advertise in national and
local newspapers as to where the public could
access the text of the EC.
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
PLAN
Planned measures to apply during project
implementation to address issues and meet
requirements identified in the EIA process
• The EIA report must include an
• EMP, describing:
• (i) all mitigation measures, item-wise, to be
undertaken during the construction, operation,
and the entire life cycle of the project to minimize
adverse environmental impacts;
• (ii) the environmental monitoring plan for
compliance of various environmental regulations;
• (iii) emergency or accidents management plan;
• (iv) social impact management and resettlement
and rehabilitation plan;
• and (v) the institutional mechanism to ensure
that the approved EMP is implemented and
effectiveness of such implementation is
monitored
MONITORING AND REPORTING
Monitoring and supervision regarding fulfillment of
the requirements subject to EIA. Provisions
regarding the information that those undertaking
an activity have to submit to the authority or public
throughout the activity’s development
• The MoEF regional offices undertake periodic
monitoring.
• The MoEF and state regulators (SEIAA, DoE or
SPCB, as designated in any of the states) are
responsible for monitoring and enforcing
compliance with the EIA requirements.
• Supervision of the environmental aspects of
the projects, activities and works is done as
specified in the environmental monitoring
plan and the EMP, or as per additional
conditions imposed by the MoEF or SEIAA.
• The project developer must submit half-
yearly compliance reports to the MoEF or
SEIAA, which must include progress of
implementation of the EMP.
EIA REGULATIONS
• Regulations and norms related to EIA
• Environmental authority website
• Environmental (Protection) Act (1986) (with
subsequent Notifications, Rules, and Standards);
• Environmental Impact Assessment Notification
(1994, revised 2006); Coastal Regulation Zone
Notification (1991, revised 2011).
• www.envfor.nic.in

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