9 Construciton Hazards

Objectives
 Participants will:
 Identify the four major hazards of construction
and how to avoid them
 Describe ways to protect themselves from hazards
 Learn how to select and use Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
 Apply safety procedures when working in or
around Trenches, Electrical equipment, Scaffolds
and Power Tools
Major hazards of construction
 Falls
 Electrocution
 Being struck by
falling objects
 Trapped during
excavation
Fall Protection
This section will discuss:
 Conditions that required use of fall protection
 Options available to protect workers

Fall Protection
 Falls are the leading cause of fatalities
in the construction industry
 Conditions that required use of fall
protection
 A fall from as little as 4-6 feet
• Can cause loss of work
• In some cases death
When fall protection is
needed?
 Walkways &  Roofs
ramps  Wall openings
 Open sides &  Bricklaying
edges  Residential
 Holes Construction
 Concrete forms &
rebar
 Excavations
Fall protection and
prevention options
 Safety Nets
 Hand Rails
 Safety Harness
(PFAS)
 Equipment guards
 Fall protection
systems must be in
place before work
start
Personal Fall Arrest System,
PFAS
 Must be properly
trained
 Key requirements
• No free fall more
than 6 feet
• Must be inspected
prior to use
• Safety line must be
able to support 5000
lbs
Guardrails
 Top rail between 39
to 45 inches tall
 Toeboards at least
3 inches tall
• Top rail
• Mid Rail
• Toe board
Safety Nets
 Used to catch falling
workers
 Placed not more
than 30 FT below
work area
 Placed not more
than 8-13 ft from
edge of working
area
Falling Objects
 Hardhats are required
 Use of canopies is
authorized
 Barricade the area to

prevent unauthorized
entry
SUMMARY
 A fall of 6 ft or more protection is needed
 Use fall protection on:
 Walkways, ramps, open sides, edges,

excavations,
ARE YOU WORKING ON A TRENCH
OR DIGGING YOUR GRAVE?
30
TRENCHING & EXCAVATION
HAZARDS
 Risks of excavation
 How to protect employees from

cave-ins
 Factors that pose a hazard to

employees working in excavation
 Role of competent person

EXCAVATION HAZARDS
Risks
 Most hazardous construction

operation
 Cave-ins are the greatest risk

 Most accidents occurred in
5-15 ft deep
EXCAVATION HAZARDS
Employee Protection
 Employees should be protected from caves-in

by using a well designed protective system
 Systems must be able to support expected

loads to the system
EXCAVATION HAZARDS
Protective System Design
 A well designed system will have a correct

design of sloping and benching systems
 Correct design of support systems
 Handle materials and equipment

EXCAVATION HAZARDS
Employee Protection
 Protect employees from potential
cave-ins
 Slope or bench sides of

excavation
 Place shields between the side
of the excavation and work area
Inadequate Worker Protection
Factors that pose hazards to
employees
 Soil classification
 Depth of cut
 Water content of soil
 Changes due to weather and climate
 Other operations in the vicinity

Types of Protection
Trench Shield
A trench shield
was built around
this work area
38
Hydraulic Jacks
Hydraulic Jacks
 Easily dropped in
place and
adjusted
 Trench pins
installed in case
of hydraulic failure
39
Egress Systems
This ladder does not meet the

 A stairway, ladder, requirements of the standard
or ramp must be
present in
excavations that are
4 or more feet deep,
and within 25 feet of
the employees
 Must extend 3FT
above excavation
40
EXCAVATION HAZARDS
Competent Person
• Must have had specific training in and be
knowledgeable about:
• Soils classification
• The use of protective systems
• The requirements of the standard
• Must be capable of identifying hazards, and
authorized to immediately eliminate hazards
EXCAVATION HAZARDS
Competent Person
• A competent person must make daily inspections
of excavations, areas around them and protective
systems:
• Before work starts and as needed
• After rainstorms, high winds or other occurrence
which may increase hazards
• When you can reasonably anticipate an
employee will be exposed to hazards.
SUMMARY
• The greatest risk in an excavation is a cave-in.

• Employees can be protected through sloping,
shielding, and shoring the excavation.
• A competent person is responsible to inspect the
excavation.
• Other excavation hazards include water
accumulation, oxygen deficiency, toxic fumes,
falls, and mobile equipment

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Objectives

 Conditions that required use of fall protection

 Options available to protect workers

 Hardhats are required

 Barricade the area to

 A fall of 6 ft or more protection is needed

 Use fall protection on:

 Walkways, ramps, open sides, edges,

 How to protect employees from

 Factors that pose a hazard to

 Role of competent person

 Most hazardous construction

 Cave-ins are the greatest risk

 Employees should be protected from caves-in

 Systems must be able to support expected

 A well designed system will have a correct

 Correct design of support systems

 Handle materials and equipment

 Slope or bench sides of

 Water content of soil

 Changes due to weather and climate

 Other operations in the vicinity

This ladder does not meet the

• The greatest risk in an excavation is a cave-in.

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