Quadratic Functions

Name: Quadratic Functions
A. Quadratic Functions:
Example:
Practice:
1
.
Example:
Practice:
2.
Example:
Practice:
3
.
Example:
Practice:
4.
Answers:
1. 2.
3.
4.
B. Graph of Quadratic Function:

C. Graph of Quadratic Functions using Table of Values:
Example:
Practice Exercises:
1. Complete the table of values for y=x 2−1 and sketch its graph on the grid given below:
2. Complete the table of values for y=x 2 + x and sketch its graph on the grid given below:
3. Complete the table of values for y=x 2−3 x and sketch its graph on the grid given below:
4. Complete the table of values for y=x 2 +2 x+1 and sketch its graph on the grid given below:
5. Complete the table of values for y=3 x 2 +1 and sketch its graph on the grid given below:
6. Complete the table of values for y=− x2 + 4 and sketch its graph on the grid given below:
D. Graph of Quadratic Functions using Function Transformation:
Investigation:
Here is the graph of y=x 2
1. a) Sketch the graph of y=x 2 +5 b) Sketch the graph of y=x 2−4
showing the y-intercept. showing the y-intercept.

c) Describe what effect the ‘+5’ and ‘–4’ had on the graph.
2. a) Sketch the graph of y=− x2 b) Sketch the graph of y=4 x 2
c) Describe the effect the negative sign d) Describe the effect multiplying
has had on the graph compared with y=x 2. has had on the graph compared with y=x 2.
3. a) Sketch the graph of y= ( x −3 )2 b) Sketch the graph of y= ( x +2 )2
showing the x-intercept. showing the x-intercept.

c) For a graph with the rule y= ( x −h )2, describe how the h affects the graph of y=x 2.
4. a) Using all of your observations, write a general set of rules explaining what each of the variables in the formula
below do to the graph compared with y=x 2 , and explain why.
2
y=a ( x−h ) +k
Variable Effect on graph
b) Use your observations to describe how the graph of y=−4 ( x +5 )2 +3 is different to the graph of y=x 2.
Number Effect on graph
–4
c) Write an equation whose graph compared with y=x 2 is upside-down, 2 times taller (narrower), and then
moved 3 units to the right and 1 unit up.
E. Graph of Quadratic Functions using Vertex Form:
Elements of a Quadratic Function:
2
Vertex Form: y=a ( x−h ) +k
 Axis of symmetry: x=h
 Vertex: (h ,k)
o h moves the graph horizontally right or left.
o k moves the graph vertically up or down.
o a identifies the narrowness or wideness of the parabola.
 a> 0 →Concave up a< 0 →Concave down
 x – intercept : Let y =0∧try ¿ find the values of x
 y – intercept : Let x=0∧try ¿ find the values of y
Practice:
1. In each of the following case,

 Find the equation of the axis of symmetry.
 Find the coordinates of the vertex.
 Identify the concavity of the graph.
 Identify the transformations from y=x 2
 Find its y – intercept
 Draw the graph.
2. In each of the following case,
 Find the equation of the axis of symmetry.
 Find the coordinates of the vertex.
 Identify the concavity of the graph.
 Identify the transformations from y=x 2
 Find its y – intercept
 Draw the graph.
ANSWERS:
F. Graph of Quadratic Functions using Intercept
(Factorized) Form:
Intercept Form: y=f (x )=a (x− p)( x−q)

 Axis of symmetry:
p +q
x=
2
 Vertex:
( p+q
2 ( ))
,f
p+q
2
 a> 0 →Concave up
a< 0 →Concave down
 x – intercept :
x= p∧x=q
 y – intercept :
f ( 0 )=a ∙ p∙ q
Practice:
Example:
Solution:
ANSWERS:
Finding the Intercepts:
Example for the y-intercept:
Example for the x-intercept:
 Find both the y-intercept and the x-intercepts of the following. Show your work:
1 2
y=x −9
y-int: -9 x-int: 3, -3
2 y=2 x −8
2
y-int: -8 x-int: 2, -2
3 2
y=x +7 x +10
y-int: 10 x-int: -2, -5

4 2
y=x + x−12
y-int: -12 x-int: 3, -4

5 y=4 x−x
2
y-int: 0 x-int: 0, 4
6 2
y=− x −6 x−8
y-int: -8 x-int: -2, -4

7 2
y=x −2 x +1
y-int: 1 x-int: 1
8 y=2(x+3)(x +2)
y-int: 12 x-int: -3, -2

9 y=−3(x−4)(x−5)
y-int: -60 x-int: 4, 5

10 y=2 ( x−3 )
2
y-int: 18 x-int: 3
11 2
y=x + 4 x+ 3
y-int: 3 x-int: -1, -3

12 2
y=x + 4 x+ 3
y-int: 3 x-int: does not exist

13 2
y=4 x −24 x +36
y-int: 36 x-int: 3
14 2
y=− x + x +20
y-int: 20 x-int: 5, -4
15 2
y=x + x +1
y-int: 1 x-int: Does not exist

16 2
y=x −10 x−21
y-int: -21 x-int: 10, 3

17 y=(2−x )(3+ x )
y-int: 6 x-int: 2, -3
18 y=−3(2−x )( x−1)
y-int: 6 x-int: 2, 1
19 y=−2 ( x +3 )
2
y-int: -18 x-int: -3

2
G. Standard (General) Form: y=f (x )=a x +bx +c
 Axis of symmetry:
−b
x=
2a
 Vertex:
(−b
2a
,f ( ))
−b
2a
 a> 0 →Concave up
a< 0 →Concave down
 x – intercept :
Solve f ( x )=a x 2+ bx+ c=0 by factorizing, completing square or using
quadratic formula.
 y – intercept :
f ( 0 )=c
Practice:
H. Find the Quadratic Function from the Graph:
SUMMARY

Quadratic Functions

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Name: Quadratic Functions

B. Graph of Quadratic Function:

D. Graph of Quadratic Functions using Function Transformation:

Here is the graph of y=x 2

1. a) Sketch the graph of y=x 2 +5 b) Sketch the graph of y=x 2−4

showing the y-intercept. showing the y-intercept.

2. a) Sketch the graph of y=− x2 b) Sketch the graph of y=4 x 2

3. a) Sketch the graph of y= ( x −3 )2 b) Sketch the graph of y= ( x +2 )2

showing the x-intercept. showing the x-intercept.

Number Effect on graph

Elements of a Quadratic Function:

1. In each of the following case,

Intercept Form: y=f (x )=a (x− p)( x−q)

Example for the y-intercept:

Example for the x-intercept:

y-int: 10 x-int: -2, -5

y-int: -12 x-int: 3, -4

y-int: -8 x-int: -2, -4

y-int: 12 x-int: -3, -2

y-int: -60 x-int: 4, 5

y-int: 3 x-int: -1, -3

y-int: 3 x-int: does not exist

y-int: 1 x-int: Does not exist

y-int: -21 x-int: 10, 3

y-int: -18 x-int: -3

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