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    Extensão Da Beira: Departamento de Educação Disciplina de Línga Inglesa

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    Marques Da Deolinda

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    Extensão Da Beira: Departamento de Educação Disciplina de Línga Inglesa

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    Marques Da Deolinda
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    Extensão Da Beira: Departamento de Educação Disciplina de Línga Inglesa

    Uploaded by

    Marques Da Deolinda

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 4

    EXTENSÃO DA BEIRA

    DEPARTAMENTO DE EDUCAÇÃO
    Disciplina de Línga Inglesa

    WRITING SKILLS: PRACTICE

    What is a paragraph?
    A paragraph is a series of related sentences developing a central idea, called the topic. Try to think
    about paragraphs in terms of thematic unity: a paragraph is a sentence or a group of sentences that
    supports one central, unified idea. Paragraphs add one idea at a time to your broader argument.

    How do I unify my ideas in a paragraph?


    Probably the most effective way to achieve paragraph unity is to express the central idea of the
    paragraph in a topic sentence.
    Topic sentences are similar to mini thesis statements. Like a thesis statement, a topic sentence
    has a specific main point. Whereas the thesis is the main point of the essay, the topic sentence is
    the main point of the paragraph. Like the thesis statement, a topic sentence has a unifying function.
    But a thesis statement or topic sentence alone doesn’t guarantee unity. An essay is unified if all
    the paragraphs relate to the thesis, whereas a paragraph is unified if all the sentences relate to the
    topic sentence. Note: Not all paragraphs need topic sentences. In particular, opening and closing
    paragraphs, which serve different functions from body paragraphs, generally don’t have topic
    sentences.
    In academic writing, the topic sentence nearly always works best at the beginning of a paragraph
    so that the reader knows what to expect.

    How do I develop my ideas in a paragraph?


    Often, the body paragraph demonstrates and develops your topic sentence through an ordered,
    logical progression of ideas. There are a number of useful techniques for expanding on topic
    sentences and developing your ideas in a paragraph. Illustration in a paragraph supports a general
    statement by means of examples, details, or relevant quotations (with your comments).
    SOME FORMS OF PARAGRAPH DEVELOPMENT
    Definition Paragraph
    The definition paragraph does exactly what you would expect: it defines a term, often by
    drawing distinctions between the term and other related ones. The definition that you provide will
    often be specific to your subject area. Try to avoid perfunctory dictionary definitions that do not
    inform your analysis in a meaningful way.
    Example 1:
    Our typology is built on three dimensions: internality, types of participants, and the degree of
    effective resistance. For our study, a civil war is any armed conflict that involves (a) military
    action internal to the metropole, (b) the active participation of the national government, and (c)
    effective resistance by both sides. With these criteria, we differentiate civil wars from other
    types of internal violent conflicts.

    Analysis or Classification paragraph


    The analysis or classification paragraph develops a topic by distinguishing its component parts
    and discussing each of these parts separately.
    Example 2:
    Policies of privatisation should be considered as responses to several distinct pressures. First,
    privatisation is a response by the state to internal forces such as increasing fiscal problems
    (O’Connor, 1973). It provides a means of lessening the state’s fiscal responsibilities by
    encouraging the development of private alternatives which, theoretically at least, do not draw
    upon the state’s financial reserves. Second, the promotion of private sector activity is a response
    to pressures originating ‘outside’ the state apparatus. These include demands from people who
    see a large state bureaucracy as inefficient and wasteful, demands from business interests who
    claim that they can overcome these inefficiencies, and pressures from client groups who seek to
    reduce their dependency on the welfare state by having more control over the services on which
    they depend. Clearly, this variety of calls for privatisation means that it is not a process with a
    uniform outcome; there exists a correspondingly wide variety of forms of privatisation.

    Comparison or a Contrast Paragraph


    A comparison or a contrast paragraph zeroes in on a key similarity or difference between, for
    instance, two sources, positions, or ideas. Decide whether to deal only with similarities or only
    with differences, or to cover both. Also, keep in mind that a single comparison can be spread out
    over two separate paragraphs. As the following topic sentence indicates, you should make your
    intention clear to readers from the outset.
    Example 3:
    Evidence from industrialized countries suggests that compared with older men, older women
    more often experience functional impairments and activity limitations, have longer durations of
    disability, and spend proportionately more remaining years of life disabled.

    The process paragraph involves a straightforward step-by-step description. Process description


    often follows a chronological sequence.
    Example 4:
    In brief, the mummification process may be summarized as follows: extract, sterilize, dehydrate,
    perfume, seal, tag, and stock. All were done ceremoniously and with due respect to the dead
    body. The viscera were extracted through an incision about 10 inches long, usually made in the
    left side of the abdomen. Through this incision, all the “floating” contents of the abdominal
    cavity, namely, the stomach, the liver, the spleen, and the intestines, were removed but the
    kidneys were left in place. The diaphragm was then cut and the thoracic contents removed
    through the abdominal incision. The heart, which was considered the center of emotions and the
    seat of conscience, was left in place. The ancient Egyptians seem to have attached no importance
    to the brain, which was removed through the ethmoid bone. Following these extractions began
    the slow process of sterilization and dehydration of the body, accomplished by osmosis with dry
    natron. Resterilization of the cavities, perfuming, closing the incision, and wrapping the body
    with linen and with beeswax completed the process. Molten resin was used to seal the body and
    its wrappings, providing a barrier against insects and anaerobes.
    PRACTICE
    Written Assignement
    Introduction
    The written work is aimed at evaluating students on their capacity to deal with biology issues using
    English Language. Therefore, students are supposed to choose one axe from the table below and
    create a topic which should be developed in one full page. As any text, the development of the
    short essay should have an introduction, a development and a conclusion.

    THEMATIC AXES 1. Didatics of Biology


    2. Principles of Human Anatomy
    3. Principles of Botanic and Zoology
    LANGUAGE English
    LENGTH One Page (Full Page)
    DEADLINE End of Abril 2024
    FULL MARK 20

    Good Work

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