BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS VIII BY EMILIA 1

RANGKUMAN MATERI
MATA PELAJARAN : BAHASA INGGRIS
KELAS/SEMESTER : VIII/I
NAME :
CLASS :

CHAPTER I

IT’S ENGLISH TIME

In this chapter, we will learn:

1. Asking and Giving Attention

2. Checking the understanding
3. Showing Appreciation/Compliments
4. Telling something what we think/Opinion

1. Asking and giving attention

Asking attention/Meminta perhatian adalah ungkapan yang digunakan untuk meminta
perhatian dari seseorang. Giving attention/Memberi Perhatian adalah ungkapan yang digunakan
untuk memberikan perhatian/respon.

Asking for attention Giving Attention

1. May I have your attention 1. Yes Sir/Ma’am
2. Can I get the attention 2. Ok
3. Excuse me 3. I see
4. Attention please! 4. Really
5. Listen to me 5. All right
Contoh Dialogue:
Read and practise the following dialogue then answer the questions
Mrs. Susi : Don’t be noisy. Attention please!
Students : Yes, Ma’am
Mrs. Susi : Okay, next week we will do mid-examination.
Students : What !
Mrs. Susi : Listen to me!
Students : Yes, Ma’am
Mrs. Susi : The material that should be learned is from Chapter 1 until chapter
4. Don’t forget to enrich you vocabularies with exercise!
Students : Yes Ma’am
Mrs. Susi : Okay, that’s all for today. Good luck then!
Questions
1. How many person are there in the dialogue? Who are they?

2. What does the teacher tell to the students?

3. What does the teacher say to get the attention?

4. When will the students have a mid-exams?

5. What material should be learned by the students?


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Exercise:
Rearrange the dialogue into a good one!
Students : Yes, Ma’am
Teacher : Everybody, may I have your attention, please?
Teacher : We will use English in our class. Do you understand me, Siti What did I say?
Siti : Yes, Ma’am, We will use English in our English class.
Teacher : Good morning, students

Teacher : Listen to my explanation

Students : Good morning, Ma’a,
Teacher : Everybody, are you ready to learn English now?
Students : Yes, Ma’am

2.  Checking for understanding (Mengecek Pemahaman)

- Do you know what I mean?
- Do you know what I am saying
- Do you follow me?
- Do you undertand?
- Got it?
- Is it clear?
- Are you following me?

 Showing understanding (Menunjukkan kepahaman)

- I see
- I understand
- I get it
- Yes
- I understand what you are saying
- I know what you mean
- I’m with you

 Expressing Lack of Undertanding (Menunjukkan kekurang pahaman/tidak paham)

- I don’t get it
- I’m sorry. What do you mean?
- Excuse me, but I’m not following you
- Again, please
- I don’t understand
- What do you mean?
- I don’t quite follow you

Contoh Dialog:

Dialogue 1
Mr. Shidqi : We will make an advertisement today. Do you understand?
Students : Yes, Sir.
Mr. Shidqi : What did I say?
Students : We will make an advertisement, sir.

Dialogue 2
Mother : Dear, can you help me to cook fish?
Tiara : Yes, Mom
Mother : Will you buy me some fish in the market, first?
Tiara : Okay, Mom. I will go there by a motorcycle

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Mother : All right. And please don’t forget to buy ginger at Mak Sumi’s shop.
Do you know what I mean, dear?
Tiara : I don’t quite follow you, Mom.
Mother : please don’t forget to buy ginger at Mak Sumi’s shop Okay, be
careful dear.
Tiara : thank you Mom. I’ll go now.
Question for exercise (Dialogue 2)
1. How many persons are there in the dialogue 2?
2. Where does the conversation take place?
3. What does Tiara’s mother want Tiara to do?
4. Where will Tiara buy fish?
5. How do Tiara go to the market?
6. Does her mother want her to buy anything else?
7. Where should Tiara buy ginger?
8. What does her mother say to check whether Tiara understands or not?
9. And what is Tiara’s response ?
10. Do you think that she is happy to go to market?

Complete the dialogues using the words in the box!

a. No, I don’t
b. I see
c. Do you undertand?
d. Any question
e. Please pay attention?

Dialogue 1
Mr. Musto : We will make an greeting card. . . .(1)
Students : Yes, Sir

Dialogue 2
Rissa : Do you understand the homework?
Nisa : . . . . (2) How about you?
Rissa : Yes, I do.

Dialogue 3
Teacher : Ok . . . . (3) I will describe what the simple past tense is. Simple
past is used to talk about finished actions that happened at a
spesific time in the past.
Students : . . . . (4)
Teacher : . . . . (5)
Bima : Please explain the example of simple past tense, Sir.
Teacher : All right.

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3. Compliments/Appreciation Responses
- Well done! - Thank you
- That’s great! - That’s very kind of you
- How beautiful you are! - Yeah, thanks
- What a nice shirt! - It’s nothing
- Nice work! - I’m glad you like it
- You’re great! - Thanks. It’s nice of you to say so
- I appreciate your effort - Do you really think so?
- How clever you are! - Many thanks
- I like you ....

Untuk memberi pujian atau kekaguman kepada seseorang kita dapat menggunakan kalimat
kekaguman dengan menggunakan “How/What”. How atau what di sini bukan berarti kata tanya
atau question word tetapi berati “Alangkah, betapa atau sungguh”

Contoh:
How handsome you are! (Alangkah gantengnya kamu)
How smart you are! (Betapa pintarnya kamu)
How clean this room is! (Sungguh bersih ruangan ini)
What a kind man he is! (Betapa baiknya laki-laki itu)
What a nice t-shirt! (Betapa bagus kaos ini)
What an expensive motorcycle it is! (Alangkah mahalnya sepeda motor itu)
What cheap laptops they are! (Sungguh murah laptop-laptop itu)

Berikut adalah contoh dialog memberi pujian (compliments)

Fayyadh : Hi Fatimah, How are you
Fatimah : Hello, Fayyadh, I’m fine. And you?
Fayyadh : I’m okay, thank you. Where are going Fatimah?
Fatimah : I’m going to pick up my mother.
Fayyadh : Is that your new bicycle, Fatimah? What a nice bicycle it is!
Fatimah : Yes, it is. Thanks Fayyadh.
Fayyadh : You’re welcome.

Questions based on the dialogue

1. How many persons are there in the dialogue? Who are they?
2. Where will Fatimah go?
3. How does she go?
4. What is the expression used to give compliments in the dialogue?
5. What is the response use to respond the compliments?

Latihan Soal Tentang Showing Appreciation/Compliments

Rearrange the following dialogue into a good one!
Slamet : Excellent friend!
Gombol : Yes, of course. I prepare it well
Gombol : Thanks friend.
Slamet : Really?
Gombol : Hey, You know I get a good mark in my exam.

Complete the dialogue below with suitable expression!

1. A : Look at the house!
B : The house is very . . . . and . . . . isn’t it?
A : Yes, I think the house is very big and large

2. Nani : Look, this is my cat. It ‘s . . . . isn’t it?

Yani : Yes, I think it is . . .

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3. A : Wow, the boy is diligent and smart

B : Yes, I think he is . . . .

4. Ana : What do you think about my picture?

Dito : I think it is ...
Ani : Amazing! Really? Thank you.
5. X : Look, this is my bird. It is .... isn’t it?
Y : Yes, I think it’s beautiful.

4. Ekspresi yang digunakan untuk meminta pendapat(opinion)

- What do you think of….?

- What do you think about …?
- What’s your opinion of…?
- What do you feel about…?
- What can you say about….?
- How do you feel about…?
- Do you think….?
- What’s your idea…?

Ekspresi yang digunakan untuk memberi opini

- In my opinion…
- In my view…
- I think…
- I believe…
- I guess…
- To my mind…
- What I have in my mind…

Jawaban atau respon atas pendapat yang dilontarkan

- I think so
- That’s right
- It’s true
- I don’t think so
- If I may say so,…
- I disagree
- I can’t say that

Contoh penggunaan ekspresi di dalam dialog:

1. Erna: What do you think of our English teacher?

Almusto: He is smart and teaches us clearly.
Erna : That’s right

2. Ari : What is your opinion of smoking?

Ahdi : I think Smoking is not good for our health.
Ari : I think so.

3. Hani : Do you think it will rain today?

Aryoso: I guess it is going to rain today because the sky is cloudy.
Hani: I don’t think so, The sun still shines.

4. Paul: how do you feel about the 2014 election?

Likha: I believe that there’ll be many “golput”. Many people don’t trust the
leaders in this country anymore. They have corrupted.
Paul: I disagree. As a good citizen we must choose our leader.

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5. Mr. Amir : Look, everybody. I have a new English book. What do you
think about it?
Ridho : In my opinion, it is such an expensive book.
Mr. Amir : Very good. How about you Gani?
Gani : Well, I think it’s OK. I like that. It’s not thick and no
expensive.
Mr. Amir : Good. Anybody has another opinion?
Hadi : Yes, I have. My opinion is that the book is too thick.
Mr. Amir : Good. All your answers are correct. Do you understand,
students?
Students : Yes, sir.
Mr. Amir : Great. You’re really smart.
Students : Thank you.

CHAPTER II
WE CAN DO IT AND WE WILL DO IT

In this chapter, we will learn:

1. Stating Capability
2. Stating Willingness

Stating Capability and Willingness

1. Stating Capability
Capability artinya kemampuan/kesanggupan untuk melakukan/mengerjakan sesuatu.
Untuk mengekspresikan kemampuan atau kapabilitas dalam Bahasa Inggris, kita dapat
menggunakan modal “can, could, atau be able” yang artinya “dapat/bisa”
Can
Can dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan kapabilitas dalam bentuk present tense/masa
sekarang.
Pola umum: S+Can +V1
Perhatikan Can selalu diikuti kata kerja bentuk pertama
Contoh dalam Kalimat:
- Jono can climb a tree. (Jono dapat memanjat pohon)
- Siti can cook fried rice. (Siti bisa memasak nasi goreng).
- Father and I can swim very well.
- They can play guitars.
- Birds can fly

Untuk menyatakan ketidakmampuan dapat ditambahkan –not, (can not/can’t)

Contoh:
- Tiara can not ride a bicycle.
- Mother can’t run fast
- A penguin can’t fly.

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Untuk membentuk kalimat tanya (interogative sentence), maka Can diletakkan di depan
kalimat.
Contoh:
- Can he sing a song? Yes, he can/no, he cannot
- Can a gecko crawl? Yes, it can
- Can you come to my birthday party? No, I can’t. I’m busy.

Menggunakan can dengan Question Words (5W + 1 H):

- What can I do for you?
- Why can’t you come to my house?
- How can you fly a kite?
- Etc.
Could
Could fungsinya sama dengan can. Perbedaanya adalah could digunakan untuk
mengeskpresikan action atau tindakan dalam bentuk past tense/bentuk lampau. Selain
past tense, could dimaksudkan supaya lebih sopan (polite) bukan bentuk past.
Contoh:
- Santi could walk 20 kilometers away.
- The policeman could arrest the criminal.
- Dani could not dance.
- Could you please open the door?
- Could she win the singing contest? Yes, she could/ No, She couldn’t.
- What could your friend do to me?
Be able to
Bentuk ini dapat juga digunakan untuk menyatakan kapabilitas. Be(am, is, are/was, were)
dapat digunakan baik present tense maupun past tense.

Pola umum: S+be able to + V1

Contoh:
- She is able to finish the job herself.
- Toni and tini are able to collaborate.
- They are able to win the football match.
- Mother is able to cook delicious menus.
- I am able to fix the leakage.

Untuk menyatakan kalimat negatif atau ketidakmampuan dapat ditambahkan –not setelah
to be/be.
Contoh:
- We are not able to continue the jorney.
- Ita is not able to come on time.
- The dog is not able to overtake the cat anymore.
- I am not able to be with her anymore.

Untuk membuat kalimat tanya(interogative) be diletakkan di depan kalimat.

Contoh:
- Is uncle Ben able to make a delicious cakes? Yes he is. No, he is not.
- Are they able to compete in international level? Yes, they are. No they are not
2. Stating willingness
Willingness berarti kesediaan, kemauan untuk melakukan sesuatu. Untuk menyatakan itu
kita dapat menggunakan modal –will/would. Yang berarti akan/mau/sedia.
Will dan would memiliki kesamaan. Perbedaannya adalah Will digunakan untuk bentuk
present tense (Sekarang) dan would untuk bentuk lampau.

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Pola umum:
S + Will/would + V1 (+)
S + Will/Would + not + V1 (-)
Will/would + S + V1? (?)
Contoh:
- I will visit your house.
- She will come to your bithday party.
- They will help you if you want.
- He would go there.
- Mom and Dad would leave the room.
- Dodi will not (won’t) pay the bill.
- Ririn would not (wouldn’t) take part in the competition.
- Will Tina go with Arum tonight? Yes, She will. No, She will not (won’t).
- Would you come here? Yes, I would. No, I wouldn’t.

Tugas
Read the statements correctly and clearly. First repeat after me.
1. Adnan: “My mum is out of town today. My dad is also very busy. But he will
come to my school to collect my report.”
2. Lathan: “My aunt is often angry with my cousin, Lusi. She makes a mess but
she will not do the cleaning. She will not even clean her own room.”
3. Gunawan: “My uncle paints his own house. When he has time he will paint our
house too.”
4. Diah: “My brother loves sport. He thinks that exercise is the best way to be
healthy. For his health, he will walk 2 kilometers to his office everyday."
5. Puspita: “I will help you to fix the table, if I can. But I can’t, so I will not help
you."
6. Dewi: “I will get up early and go to swim at six, but we should go home before
10, ok?”
7. Mrs. Wike: “With good examples from the teachers, I’m sure the students will
go to school on foot or on a bicycle. "
8. Mrs. Wulandari: “The little boy is very spoilt. He will not stop crying before his
mother buys him the toys he wants.”

Now, complete the following sentences according to the speakers’

statements. The first one has been done for you.

1. According to Lathan, we know that his Dad will come to his school to collect his
report.
2. According to Lathan, we know that:
a. His Aunt will not do the cleaning.
b. She will not even clean her own room.
3. According to Gunawan, we know that his Uncle will _________________________

4. According to Diah
_______________________________________________________________________
5. According to ___________________________________________________________
a. She will ________________________________________
b. She will not _____________________________________

6. _______________________________________________________________________

7. _______________________________________________________________________

8. _______________________________________________________________________

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Please patch at least 10 pictures from magazines or newspapers about things or activities that
can you do or can not do!

Tiities that I cannot do

Things or activities that I can do

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Things or activities that I can not do

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

Write down some dialogues by using “Will you …?” After that, play the roles of the speakers.
Say the speakers’ sentences correctly and clearly

 Siti : Will you read a

novel? X Beni :

Edo : yes, I will udin :

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X Beni :

Beni :

 udin :

udin :

CHAPTER III
WE KNOW WHAT TO DO

In this chapter, we will learn:

Asking and giving suggestion

Stating Obligation Expression

A. Suggestion and Obligations

Bahasa Inggris chapter III We know what to do membahas tentang giving
suggestions and obligations. Untuk memberikan saran (suggestions) dalam Bahasa Inggris kita
dapat menggunakan “should” dan “should not”, sedangkan untuk menyatakan
kewajiban/keharusan (obligation) kita dapat menggunakan modal “must” dan must not”.
Berikut ini akan penulis uraikan materi pada bab ini:

Should
Should digunakan untuk memberikan saran (suggestions). Yang namanya saran sifatnya
tidak wajib berbeda dengan obligation/kewajiban/keharusan.
Pattern/pola:
S + should + V1
S + Should be + Adjective/noun/adverb
Contoh:
- Susi should drink medicine to get well soon (Susi sebaiknya minum obat supaya cepat
sembuh)
- You should be calm in the classroom
- Irman should not eat sweet and hot food.
- You should bring your dictionary. English is the third lesson.
- I should not leave her alone.
- Should Gibran do the homework? Yes, he should. No, he should not.
(Apakah Gibran sebaiknya mengerjakan PR? Ya. Tidak.)
- Should we go to the beach? Yes, we should. No, we should not.
Untuk membentuk kalimat negatif kita menambahkan –not setelah should.
Untuk membentuk kalimat tanya kita letakkan should di depan kalimat.
II Must
Must artinya harus/wajib, yaitu sesuatu yang harus dilakukan dan dikerjakan, jika tidak akan
ada konsekuensinya.

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Pattern/pola:
S + must + V1 (+)
S + must be + Adjective/noun/adverb
Untuk membentuk kalimat negatif kita menambahkan –not setelah must.
Untuk membentuk kalimat tanya kita letakkan must di depan kalimat.
Contoh:
- Robert must wear his OSIS uniform on Monday. (Robert harus/wajib memakai seragam
OSIS pada hari senin.)
- You must not put on sandals during the school hours.
- They must not be noisy in the classroom.
- She must be on time.
- Must we obey the school rules? Yes, we must. No, we must not.
(Apakah kita harus mematuhi peraturan sekolah? Ya. Tidak.)

Contoh Dialog Suggestion:

Yanuar : San, Why don’t you join us to do Math homework?

Santi : Sorry Yan, I have a tootache.
Yanuar : Really? You should go to destist, san.
Santi : I am afraid
Yanuar : It will be better that you feel it for days and weeks.
Santi : I’ll try. I hope it won’t hurt a lot. Thanks Yan.
Yanuar : You’re welcome. I hope you will get better soon.

Contoh Dialog Obligation:

Dewa : Wi, is it Monday?
Dewi : Yes, it is. why?
Dewa : Upz, I forget to put on my cap.
Dewi : What? Do you forget that today we will have a flag ceremony? You must put
on you cap Dewa, otherwise you’ll get punishment.
Dewa : Yeah, I think today is Tuesday. I know that. What should I do?
Dewi : Well, you have thirty minuntes to go home and take your cap right away.
Dewa : That’s a good idea. I’ll be back soon. Thanks Wi
Dewi : Don’t mention it.

We will learn to give advice to people in the following situations, by saying what they should or should
not do.
1. We have 2 tests tomorrow, English and IPS.
Advice : You should not go to the game. You should study for the test.
2. I don’t know the meaning of the ‘row’.
Advice :You should look it up in the dictionary yourself. You should not depend on others all the
time.
3. I will go out, but it’s very cloudy now.
Advice :
4. I think I’m cacthing a cold.
Advice :
5. Some students leave litter on their desks.
Advice :
6. I sit in the back row. I cannot see your writing on the blackboard.
Advice :
7. I’m longing for my cousins.
Advice :
8. My legs are asleep because I’m sitting on them.
Advice :
9. Our classroom is dirty and messy.
Advice :
10. I have a toothache.
Advice :

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Play the roles of the speakers. Say what these people are saying correctly and clearly. First, repeat
after me.

1. Lina : “Can I use your pen?”

Dayu : “Sure. Take the green one.” “Don’t use the red one. There’s no ink on it.”
2. Udin : “Is this seat taken? Can I sit here?”
Edo : “No, the chair’s leg is loose. Don’t sit on it.” “Please take the seat near the window.”
3. Siti : “Let’s wrap the gift for Lina. Can we it on your table?”
Beni : “Please do, but don’t make a mess.”
4. Udin : “It’s very cold. Can I wear your jacket?
Edo : “Sure. I have two jackets.” “Don’t forget to wash before you return it to me, ok?”
5. Dayu : “Hey, Lina is a girl. You can buy her a baby doll. Don’t buy her a car toy

We must wear a uniform every day. From Monday to Thursday we must wear batik shirt. The girls
must wear a black skirt, and the boys must wear a pair of black pants. On Friday we must wear the
scout uniform. We must wear proper shoes. We must not wear sandals, a t-shirt, or a casual wear
at any place and at any time during the school hours.

Chapter IV
COME TO MY BIRTHDAY PARTY, PLEASE!

In this chapter,we will learn:

1. Expression of Invitation
2. Giving Instruction/Imperative
3. Asking and Giving Permission

Berikut adalah KD 3.4 dan 4.4, kompetensi yang harus anak dicapai di akhir pembelajaran:
3.4 Menerapkan fungsi sosial, struktur teks, dan unsur kebahasaan teks interaksi
interpersonal lisan dan tulis yang melibatkan tindakan menyuruh, mengajak, meminta
izin serta menanggapinya, sesuai dengan konteks penggunaannya.

4.4 Menyusun teks interaksi interpersonal lisan dan tulis sangat pendek dan sederhana yang
melibatkan tindakan menyuruh, mengajak, meminta izin dan menanggapinya dengan
memperhatikan fungsi sosial, struktur teks dan unsur kebahasaan yang benar dan sesuai
dengan konteks.

1. Giving invitation yaitu ungkapan atau ekspresi yang digunakan untuk

mengajak/mengundang seseorang untuk datang ke suatu tempat atau ketika ada
seseorang yang meminta orang lain untuk melakukan sesuatu untuknya. Biasanya ada
response atau tanggapan dari seseorang atas undangan atau ajakan (responding to
invitation).

Berikut adalah ekspresi/ungkapan yang biasa digunakan untuk mengundang seseorang

(inviting) beserta responya:

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Giving invitation Responding invitation

Accepting Refusing
- Would you like to ....? - I’d like to - Thanks but i’m afraid
Would you like to dance with - Thanks for your I can’t
me? invitation - I’m sorry I can’t. I
Would you like to come to my - With pleasure have another
birthday party? - I’d love to schedule.
- Why don’t we ....? - I would. Thank you. - I’d love to but ...
Why don’t we go to the beach? - That would be nice - Thanks for asking me
Why don’t we play badminton? - Wonderful but ...
- Would you mind ....? - Great - Sorry I can’t but
Would you mind coming over on - All right thanks anyway
Saturday night? - Yes, it would be very - I wish I could but ...
Would you mind going with me? kind of you.
- What about ....? How about ...? - That’ s a good idea
What about swimming to
Bandar Eco Park?
- Shall we ....?
Shall we go to the cinema
together?
- Can you ....?
Can you come to my house?
- Do you want to ....?
Do you want to go out with
me?

Dialogue 1
We will play the roles of Beni and Lina in the conversations. They are on the phone.

Beni : Hello, good morning. This is Beni.

Lina : Oh hi Beni. Good morning. How are you?
Beni : Fine. I just got your invitation card to your birthday party.
Lina : You are coming, aren’t you?
Beni : Yes, I am. Thanks for inviting me.
Lina : Of course. You are one of my best friends. Don’t forget to wear a t- shirt, okay?
Beni : Are you sure we should wear a t-shirt to your party?
Lina :yeah. There will be some outdoor games.
Beni : wow, that must be fun. Okay. See you then.
Lina : alright, see you soon.
Dialogue 2
Shidqi : Zahra, would you like to come to my birthday party tomorrow?
Zahra : I’d like to, Thanks for inviting me, shidqi.
Shidqi : You’re welcome. Zahra, don’t forget to come on time. Without you, the
party is nothing. I really hope you can come there.
Zahra : Don’t worry, I’ll come.

Dialogue 3
Harti : It’s boring time. What about going to Ujung Negoro beach, Siti?
Siti : That’s a good idea. When will we go there, Harti?
Harti : We go there at half past three.
Siti : All right. Whatsapp me when you’re ready.
Harti : Okay.

Contoh invitation tertulis

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Contoh Soal berdasarkan Undangan tertulis:

1. Who has a birthday party?

2. How long does the party last? It lasts for …

3. Where will the birthday party take place?

4. When can we come to the party?

5. If we want to come to the party, what should we do?

2. Giving instruction (Imperative)

Untuk membentuk kalimat imperatif, kita gunakan kata kerja (verb 1) bentuk pertama
(present) juga di sebut infinitive tanpa to.
Contoh:
- Open the door!
- Peel the apple!
- Wash the vegetables!
- Pour the water!
- Type the message!
- Listen to me!
Kata yang dicetak tebal adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk membuat kalimat
perintah.
Untuk memperhalus perintah kita dapat menggunakan kata “please” sehingga kalimat
ini disebut Request atau permintaan/permohonan. Contoh: Close the windows, please.
Please clean the class room!

Terdapat 2 jenis kalimat perintah:

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1. Command
Contoh:
- Boil the water for 15 minutes!
- Put the sugar and the coffee into the cup!
- Open the windows, please!
- Just wait a minute, please
- Let’s sing a song together!
- Please sweep the floor!
- Wait for seconds!
- Save the documents!
- Shutdown the computer!
- Log into your facebook account!
- Be patient to wait your computer to load!
- Be careful!
Catatan:
Kalimat perintah yang diikuti kata sifat atau kata benda diawali –to be
Contoh:
Be careful!
Be brave!
Be a good boy!
2. Prohibition (Larangan)
Untuk membentuk kalimat larangan biasanya kita dapat menambahkan kata “do
not” atau don’t, atau no.
Contoh:
- Do not eat before it is warm.
- Do not log out your account!
- Stop smoking/No smoking!
- Don’t enter the room!
- Do not cheat in the examination!
- No entry!

- Don’t be angry!
- Do not be jealous!
- Don’t be lazy!
Catatan:
Untuk membentuk kalimat larangan yang diikuti kata sifat(adjective) atau kata
benda (noun) ditambahkan –be/to be.
Contoh:
Don’t be shy!
Do not be late!

Dialogue 1
Adnan : Udin, let’s go out. Don’t be lazy. Get up and have some exercise outside!
Udin : Okay. Wait. Let me put on my shoes.
Dialogue 2
Shidqi : It’s hot dark in this classroom. Please turn on the lamps, Fatimah!
Fatimah : Sure.
Shidqi : Thanks, Fatimah.
Fatimah : You’re welcome.

Dialogue 3

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Ani : Mom, I have to go now.

Mother : Okay, Don’t forget to bring the umbrella, honey. It’s going to rain.
Ani : Yes, mom.
Mother : Be careful, honey.
Ani : Thank you mom. Good bye

3. Asking and Giving Permission

Asking permission berarti meminta izin dari seseorang, giving
permission sebaliknya memberikan izin. Berikut ini penulis akan memberikan contoh-
contoh ekspresi/ungkapan meminta sekaligus memberikan izin.

Asking permission Giving permission

Accepting Refusing
- May I....? - Sure - I’m sorry. You can’t
May I use your computer? - All right - I’m afraid you can’t
May I wash my hands? - No problem - No, please don’t
May I borrow your money, - Here you are
please? - Yes, please
- Can I....? - Please feel free
Can I ask you a question?
Can I open the door, please?
Can I help you?
- Do you mind ....?
Do you mind if I turn on the fan?
Do you mind if I smoke here?
- Is it okay....?
Is it okay if I eat here?
- Would it be all right ....?
Would it be all right if I come in?

Dialogue 1
Roni : Tan, It’s very hot in this room. Can I open the windows and the door?
Tania : Sure. And you can turn on the fan, too.
Roni : Okay tan, Thank you.
Tania : You’re welcome.

Dialogue 2
Receptionist : The doctors are on the way going here. We’re sorry for that. Please
wait a minute.
Patient : May I go to the toilet before the doctors come?
Receptionist : Yes, please. The toilet is located in the corner.
Patient : Thank you.
Receptionist : You’re welcome.

CHAPTER V
I’M SO HAPPY FOR YOU
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In this chapter, we will learn:

 To make greeting cards.

Here are other examples of greeting cards.

CHAPTER VI
OUR BUSY ROADS
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In this chapter, we will learn:

 Vocabulary on the road
 There is and there are
 Materi Existence of things and people
 Quantifier

1. Kosa kata Our Busy Roads

Words Bahasa Indonesia

1. Vehicle (n) 1. Kendaraan
2. Car (n) 2. Mobil
3. Ambulance 3. Ambulans
4. Truck (n) 4. Truk
5. Bus (n) 5. Bis
6. Train (n) 6. Kereta api
7. Plane (n) 7. Pesawat
8. Helicopter (n) 8. Helikopter
9. Motorcycle (n) 9. Sepeda motor
10. Bicycle/bike (n) 10. Sepeda
11. Becak (n) 11. Becak
12. Cart (n) 12. Kereta
13. Pedestrian (n) 13. Pejalan kaki
14. People (n) 14. Orang
15. Passanger (n) 15. Penumpang
16. Pavement (n) 16. Penyebrangan jalan/Zebra cross
17. T-junction (n) 17. Pertigaan
18. Crossroad (n) 18. Perempatan
19. Traffic sign (n) 19. Rambu lalu lintas
20. Traffic light (n) 20. Lampu lalu lintas
21. Traffic jam (n) 21. Kemacetan
22. Policeman (n) 22. Polisi laki-laki
23. Policewoman (n) 23. Polisi wanita
24. Accident (n) 24. Kecelakaan
25. Driver (n) 25. Supir
26. Rider 26. Pengendara
27. Transportation (n) 27. Transportasi
28. Hospital (n) 28. Rumah sakit
29. Bank (n) 29. Bank
30. Hotel (n) 30. Hotel
31. School (n) 31. Sekolah
32. Market (n) 32. Pasar
33. Cinema (n) 33. Bioskop
34. Mosque (n) 34. Masjid
35. Church (n) 35. Gereja
36. Zoo(n) 36. Kebun binatang
37. Road (n) 37. Jalan
38. Discipline (n) 38. Kedisiplinan
39. Care (n) 39. Kepeduliaan
40. Ticket (n) 40. Bukti tilang
41. Violation (n) 41. Pelanggaran

42. Cities (n) 42. Kota besar

43. Town (n) 43. Kota kecil

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44. Pollution (n) 44. Polusi

45. Safe (adj) 45. Aman
46. Trees (n) 46. Pepohonan
47. Busy (adj) 47. Sibuk, ramai
48. Crowded (adj) 48. Ramai, penuh, sesak
49. Water (n) 49. Air
50. Dry season (n) 50. Musim kemarau
51. Smoke (n) 51. Asap
52. Rainy season (n) 52. Musim hujan
53. Horse 9n) 53. Kuda

2. “There is dan There are”.

There is dan There are digunakan untuk menunjukkan eksistensi atau keberadaan sesuatu baik
benda, binatang, manusia dan lainya. Atau dengan kata lain arti secara leksikal adalah “Ada”
Perbedaan dari keduanya adalah; There is digunakan untuk benda tunggal(singular)
sedangkan There are untuk benda jamak (plural).
Contoh:
1. There is a pedicab on the corner
2. There is an apple tree in the park. The apple tree has lots of fruit
2. There are some people who cross the pavements.
3. There many traffic lights in the city.
4. There is a little dicipline on the road
5. There is much smoke on the road.
6. There are a few people who wear helmet
7. There are a lot of vehicles in big cities.

Pada contoh kalimat di atas disinggung mengenai kata sandang (article): a dan an,
Juga the
a dan an artinya sebuah, seekor, seorang atau satu. Perbedaannya adalah a diikuti benda yang
huruf awalnya konsonan, sedangkan an digunakan untuk benda dengan huruf awal vokal
(a,i,e,u,o). Kemudian untuk the digunakan untuk menyebutkan benda yang sudah disebutkan,
seperti dalam contoh di atas, ketika kita sudah menggunakan an apple tree maka untuk
penyebutan kedua menggunakan the apple tree untuk menyatakan benda secara spesifik.

Selanjutnya kita akan membahasa materi Quatifier Many, Much, A few, dan A
little/Little.
Many dan much artinya banyak, perbedaanya adalah many digunakan untuk benda dapat
dihitung (countable nouns) sedangkan much untuk benda tak dapat dihitung (uncountable
nouns). A lot of berarti banyak dan dapat digunakan baik untuk countable maupun uncountable
nouns. A few dan A little memiliki arti sedikit, perbedaanya adalah a few digunakan untuk
benda dapat dihitung, sedangkan a little untuk benda tak dapat dihitung. Contoh benda yang
dapat dihitung adalah seperti: car, person/people, traffic sign, park, pedicab, bicycle, book, tiger,
dll. Contoh benda tak dapat dihitung seperti: money, water, smoke, ink, sugar, salt, sand,
dicipline, dll. Untuk benda tak dapat dihitung(Uncountable nouns) untuk menyatakan eksistensi
maka selalu menggunakan “there is” walaupun jumlahnya banyak karena dianggap tunggal satu
kesatuan.

Fill in with “there is” or “there are” based on the sentence below!
1. ...................... a cat in the park.
2. ...................... much smoke polution in cities.
3. ...................... many passangers in the bus.
4. Look, ...................... a few people obey the traffic regulation.
5. Do you know ......................... a little dicipline on the road recently.
6. .......................... an eagle flying over the buildings.
7. ......................... some people gather in front of DPR and MPR buildings.
8. If ........................... much money, I will go to big cities like, Jakarta, Surabaya, Bandung and
Semarang.

9. ........................ a lot of vehicles parked in front of the stadium.

10. ........................ little braveness for me to ride my motor more than 100 kms/hour.

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3. Nah untuk menyatakan keberadaan sesuatu kita dapat menggunakan: There is dan There
are.

There are three cats sleeping on the bed.

There is digunakan untuk menyatakan keberadaan benda tunggal(singular)

There are digunakan untuk menyatakan keberadaan benda jamak (plural)
Contoh:
- There is a car in the garage.
- There is an apple on the table.
- There is much money in your pocket.
- There is some water in the pail
- There are some people on the road.
- There are seven cows in the cage.
- There are few students in the classroom.

Pada contoh di atas terdapat penggunaan article(kata sandang) a dan an yang berarti tunggal.
a: sebuah, seorang, seekor. Digunakan apabila suatu benda/subjek berawalan huruf
konsonan (selain a,i,u,e,o)
an: sebuah, seorang, seekor, satu. Digunakan apabila suatu benda/subjek berawalan huru
vokal (a,i,u,e,o).

Selanjutnya, kita akan belajar mengenai : much, many, a little, a few, some, several a lot of.
Much: banyak, diguanakan untuk benda tak dapat dihitung(uncountable nouns)
Many: banyak, digunakan untuk benda dapat dihitung (countable nouns)
A lot of: Banyak, digunakan untuk benda baik yang dapat dihitung maupun tidak dapat dihitung.
A little: sedikit, digunakan untuk benda tak dapat dihitung (uncountable nouns)
A few: sedikit, digunakan untuk benda dapat dihitung (countable nouns).
Some/several: beberapa digunakan baik untuk benda dapat dihitung maupun tidak.
Berikut akan penulis contohkan benda tunggal (singular) maupun benda jamak (plural)
Benda tunggal: a cat, one motorcycle, an egg, the sun, water, some ink, etc.
Benda jamak: Some students, many trucks, nine mangoes, etc.

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Berikut penulis contohkan benda dapat dihitung(countable nouns) dan benda tak dapat
dihitung(Uncountable nouns):
Benda dapat dihitung: one bicycle, an umbrella, one hundred balls, four wheels, some women,
several mice, etc.
Benda tak dapat dihitung: some water, much money, the sand, sugar, etc.
Catatan:
Untuk benda tak dapat dihitung yang menempati suatu wadah atau tempat/container, maka
dianggap bisa dihitung namun yang dijamak adalah wadahnya bukan isinya. Contoh: two glasses
of milk, two kilograms of sugar, etc.
Untuk postingan berikutnya penulis akan memberikan soal dril latihan “there is dan there are”
ini dalam bentuk soal yang variatif. Di postingan ini penulis batasi hanya materi dan contoh saja.
4.QUANTIFIER
Quantifier seperti: “Many, Much, A few dan A little”. Materi tambahan dapat
berupa countable dan uncountable nouns serta artikel atau kata sandang
seperti a atau an dan the.

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