Jainism & Buddhism

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

1. Rishabhdev 13. Vimalnath
2. Ajitnath 14. Anandanath
3. Sambhavnath 15. Dharmanath
4. Abhinandan 16. Shantinath
5. Sumitnath 17. Kunthunath
6. Padmaprabhu 18. Arnath
7. Suparsavanath 19. Mallinath
8. Suridhi 20. Munisuvrata nath
21. Neminath
9. Chandraprabh
22. Arishtanemi
10.Sheetal Nath 23. Parshvanath
11.Shreyanshanath 24. Mahavira
12.Vasupujya
 Jainism was founded by Aadinath and Rishabha Dev,
while the real founder was Mahavir swami.
 The five Mahavarta (important principles) of Jainism
are-: Ahimsa, Satya (truth), Asteya (not to steal),
Aparigraha and Brahmacharya.
 The first 4 was added by 23rd Tirthankar “Parasnath”
while the 5th was added by Mahavira.
 Vardhamana Mahavira was a contemporary of Buddha.

 Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankar of the Jain
tradition. He is considered the last tirthankar.
 He was born at Kundagrama near Vaishali .
 He was born to Kshatriya parents Siddhartha and Trishala.
 He was married to Yasoda and had a daughter from his
marriage named Anojja or Priyadarsana.
 He renounced the world at the age of thirty to become an
ascetic and wandered for twelve years. He also practiced self-
mortification for these years.

 At the age of 42 years, under Sal tree on the bank of river Rijupalika, He
attained the highest spiritual knowledge.
 In the 13th year of his penance, he attained the highest spiritual knowledge
by triumphing over himself. This knowledge is called Kevala Gnan.
 Thereafter, he was called Mahavira, Jina, Kevalin.
 His followers were called the Jains and this religion came to be known as
Jainism.
 From this time till his death, he preached his doctrines for 30 years.
 He died at the age of 72 at Pava near Rajagriha (now in Patna district).

 Mahavir gave his first sermon at Pava to 11 Brahman.
 Jains believe that by following the three-fold path of right Belief,
right Knowledge and right Conduct, souls will be released from
transmigration and reach the pure and blissful abode.
 First Jain Council was held at Patliputra under the chairmanship
of Sthulabhadra in 367 B.C.It resulted in the compilation of 12 Angas
replacing the lost 14 Purvas.
 The Second Jain Council was held at Vallabhi under
the chairmanship of Devardhi in 526 A.D.
 Jainism literature: They were written in Prakrit language.

 Aachrang Sutra- Tells about meditation of Mahavir
for 12 years.
 Kalpa-sutra – Biographies of Jain Tirthankaras

mainly ParashnaMahavir.
 Bhagwati Sutra – It contains thousands of question

and answers on various topics from four Anuyogas,
Such as soul, entities, matter, ultimate particles
and universe.
 How many Tirthankaras are known in
Jainism?
Ans: 24 Tirthankaras
 Who laid the important principles of Jainism?
Ans: Parshavanath
 In which language Mahavir gave his first
sermon?
Ans: Pali
 First lady to join Jainism Association.?
Ans: Chandana
 Priyadarshna, the daughter of Mahavir was
married to whom?
Ans: Jamali
 What are the Triratna (Three Jewels) in Jainism?
Ans: Right faith, right knowledge and right
conduct

 Buddhism, religion and
philosophy that developed
from the teachings of the
Buddha. Spreading from India
to Central and Southeast Asia,
China, Korea, and Japan,
Buddhism has played a central
role in the spiritual, cultural,
and social life of Asia, and
during the 20th century it
spread to the West.

 The founder of Buddhism was Gautam Buddha, was born as Siddhartha.
 Siddhartha was born in 563 BC at Lumbini (now in Nepal) in the Sakya clan of
Kshatriya.
 The mother of Siddhartha was ‘Mahamaya’ and father was Sidhdhodhana.
 Siddhartha was married to Yashodhara. He also had a son named Rahul.
 He home and became an ascetic at the age of 29 in search of truth and end of
sorrows . This event in Buddha’s life is known as “Mahabhishkramana”.
 Buddha’s teachers were – Alara and Udarak.

 After seven years of roaming around, at the age of 35, Siddhartha got
enlightenment at Uruvela while meditating on the bank of river Niranjana under a
Peepal (Banyan) tree. This tree is called the Bodhi Tree. The place is known as Bodh
gaya.
 Buddha attained the knowledge on the Poornima of Vaishakha month.
 He then gave his first sermon at Sarnath (Varanasi). This historic event in buddha’s
life is known as “Dhammachakra Parivartan”.
 Attained Mahaparinirvana at Kushinagar (identical with village Kasia in Deoria
district of UP) in 483 BC at the age of 80 in the Malla republic.
 Various notable rulers of his time were Buddha’s disciples such as Prasenjit,
Bimbisara, and Ajatsatru.
 Vardhmana Mahavira (Jainism) was a contemporary of Gautam Buddha
(Buddhism).

 1. First Council: At Rajgriha, in 483 BC
under the chairman ship of Mehakassaapa
(King was Ajatshatru). Divided the
teachings of Buddha into two Pitakas –
Vinaya Pitaka and Sutta Pitaka. Upali
recited the Vinaya Pitaka and Ananda
recited the Sutta Pitaka.
 2. Second Council: At Vaishali, in 383 BC

under Sabakami (King was Kalasoka).
Followers divided into Sthaviravadins and
Mahasanghikas.

 3. Third Council: At Pataliputra, in
250 BC under Mogaliputta Tissa
(King was Ashoka). In this, the third
part of the Tripitaka was coded in the
Pali language.
 4. Fourth Council: At Kashmir

(Kundalvan), in 72 AD under
Vasumitra (King was Kanishka). Vice-
Chairman was Ashwaghosha).
Divided Buddhism into Mahayana
and Hinayana sects.
 The Hinayana: believed in the simple teachings of
Buddha. They did not worship Buddha in the form of his
image but honoured his footprints, umbrella and other
objects. Pali was their main language.
 The Mahayana: worshipped the image of Buddha.

Sanskrit was their language. Ashwagosha, Nagarjuna,
Vasubhandu were some of the greatest philosophers of
Mahayanism.
 The Vajrayaan: They
Believe that Nirvana is
attained by the help of
magical tricks or Black
magic.

 Right faith
 Right though
Three Ratnas-
 Right action
Buddha
 Right means of livelihood Dhamma
 Right exertion or efforts Sangha
 Right speech
 Right remembrance
 Right concentration or meditation.

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Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

 Thereafter, he was called Mahavira, Jina, Kevalin.

 He died at the age of 72 at Pava near Rajagriha (now in Patna district).

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

 Kalpa-sutra – Biographies of Jain Tirthankaras

 Bhagwati Sutra – It contains thousands of question

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

 The mother of Siddhartha was ‘Mahamaya’ and father was Sidhdhodhana.

 Siddhartha was married to Yashodhara. He also had a son named Rahul.

 Buddha’s teachers were – Alara and Udarak.

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

 2. Second Council: At Vaishali, in 383 BC

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

 4. Fourth Council: At Kashmir

 The Mahayana: worshipped the image of Buddha.

Varun Awasthi (GS Guru)

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