KCRI \GKFIJMIK IDONID • ‫عه ئقث‬‫ـ‬ ‫ه‬‫ قت‬‫ دؽؤ‬‫ف‬

‫اف‬

Hiowisik
Hiowisikyi
yi idu hikfdmtdi
hikfdmtdik(utu
k(utus)
s)
ibin
binio uktu
uktudd egky
gkygepu
gepurkrki
idi
dikk
RC\MD 9: Dcksgp Idonid Binie Msnie dgnuourik idonid.―
Xmwiyit Rmremzm

9.9 BGAMKMPM • ‫وو‬‫ ؠإذفنه ث‬‫ف‬‫ي‬

‫ اي‬‫في‬‫آ‬‫ئ‬‫ ئ‬‫ـ‬
‫ؠـ‬
9. Hgri
Hgrisi
sinn birmrmpi
pibbi pgr
grdi
diti
tii
ik (in- „Crikf eudemk yikf pinmkf sgepurki
idonidu)) mimtu diti jiei” birmpibi
idonidu meikkyi
meik kyi ibinio
ibinio crikf
crikf eudemk
eudemk yikf
pgrditiik (in-dounuqu
(in-dounuqu)) pinmkf himd
himd idonidkyi.

i. Eids
Eidsub
ub tihmihmit, dg
dgnnid
idui
uik
k,
pgrikfim, tmkfdionidu, ibit
dghmis
dghmisiik
iik,, ein
einioio mi jufi
jufi 9.0 \GEHIOIFMIK IDONID
hgrgrtm ifiei mtu sgkbmrm. BINIE MPNIE

8. Mstmnio

Mhk Emsdiwimo Idonid Rgroibip Innio

 Dgibiik jmwi yikf egkbcrckf dg
• Egkfidum bik egepgr`iyim Innio
irio egnidudi
egnidudikk pgrhuitik
pgrhuitik tikpi
tikpi Riini
pgemdmrik bik pgkgnmtmik. • Hgrmhibio dgriki Innio Riini
Meie Foizinm • Pgktmisi egkfihbmdik bmrm sghifim
oiehi Innio
 Dgibiik yikf tgrtikie bm binie • Egkyidmkm idik zit,smait bik
jmwi yikf egkfoismndik
egkfoismndik kiei8 Innio
pgrh
pgrhuiuiti
tik-
k-pg
pgrh
rhui
uiti
tik
k bgkf
bgkfikik • Ieir Eidrua bik
bik Kiom eukdir
sgkikf tikpi egegrnudik
pgemdmrik bik pgkgnmtmik.
@cktco
@ck tco,ip
,ipih
ihmni
mni pgrhu
pgrhuiti
itik
k yik
yikf f
tg
tgrd
rdg
gnuir mtu himd bik tgrp tgrpuujm Idonid Pgsiei Eidonud
egkurut syiri' bik iqin,
pgrhu
pgr huiti
itik
k mtu bmkie
bmkieidi
idikk idonid
idonid • Mhu hipi
•Mksik yikf wijmh bmtiitm
yikf eunmi. sgtgnio Innio bik Xisun.
•Xgboi Innio tgrngtid
9.8 PWEHGX dgpibi rgboi mhu hipi.
• Furu
•Mksik yikf egkbmbmd mksik
INYWXIK sg`iri acrein bik mkacrein.
•Mhu hipi bm sgdcnio bik
In Yinie: 2 wijmh bmocreitm.
• Xidik
• „Bik sgsukffuokyi dieu •Mksik yikf egehgktud
(Euoieeib) hgkir-hgkir scsmin yikf smoit.
hgrhub
hgrhubmm pgdgr
pgdgrtm
tm (idoni
(idonid)
d) yi
yikf
kf •Egnitmo uktud kmnim sinmkf
Ifukf.― egehiktu bik pgnhifim
kmnim eurkm yikf nimk.

OIBMP
Xmwiyit Himoiqm

9
Idonid Pgsiei Bmrm Pgkbmrm ( In-Yisis : 66 )

- In-Mdonis4 qisibdik diti-diti,

In-Mdonis4 Kmdeit yf bmdurkmidik bm Huem
iein usioi, jmoib bik
Amreik Innio PVR :
pgkfcrhikik dgriki Innio, dgriki
wijounnio, dgriki egkfoiripdik Bmi nio yikf egkjibmdik huem mkm uktud
dgrgbiik Innio, tikpi oiripdik dieu sghifim oiepirik, bik nikfmt (sgrti
suitu aigbio, kiei, fgnirik,
pikfdit, dgbubudik, sikjukfik,
sikjukfik, sgfi
sgfini
bmhmkini msmk
msmkyi)
byi)
gkfisghi
sghifim
k fimduhikf
hikfukik
duokyukik
i)4 (yik
(yikf
bifk
pgkfocreitik,
pgkfocreiti k, dgtmkffmik bik bmturukd
bmturukdikK
ikKyiyi imr ouji
oujik
k birm nikfmt, nin
ninu
u
dgeunmiik niomrmio. bmdgnuir
bmdg nuirdikK
dikKyi yi bgk
bgkfik
fik imr mtu hgrj
hgrjgkms
gkms--
jgkms huio-huio
huio-huioik ik yikf egkjibm rgzgdm
- In-Pmbmq: isis dgeunmiik,
hifm
hi fm didieueu44 ei
eididi jijikf
kfik
ikni
nio
o didieu
eu
niehikf dgtmkffmik, tikbi
egkfibidik
egkfibid ik hifm Innio, sghirikf sgdutu,
dgsgepurkiik,
dgsgepurkii k, fiehirik tmkfdio
pibioin dieu sgeui egkfgtioumm
egkfgtiou
pgrniduik yikf hgrsmo bik su`m.
(hioiw
(hi oiwi i Inn
Innio
io min
minio
io Ruo
Ruoik
ik ]ik
]ikf f Eio
Eioi i
- Ieikio: Pmait yikf egstm
Ieikio: Gsi).
bmpukyim cngo sgtmip crikf binie
( In-Hiqirio : 88)
egkfoibipm pgrjuikfik ombup
bgem uktud egk`ipim eitnieit
yikf bmoiripdik bik `mti-`mti yikf
bmiziedik Hinisik hifm crikf yf hgrhuit
dgrcsidik
@cktco nimk: Pihir, ibmn
Amreik Innio PVR:

Crikf-crikf yikf egrcsid jikjm Innio

sgtgnio bmmdrirdik bgkfik tgfuo bik
egeutusdik ipi-ipi yikf Innio
Idonid Rgroibip \grsgdmtiri
\grsgdmtirik
k
pgrmktiodik
pgrmktiodi k supiyi bmouhukfdik
bmouhukfdik bik
egkfibidik dgr<sidik bm huem, crikf-
Nirikfik Hgrhuit Dgrcsidik bm
Huem crikf mtunio yikf egepgrcngo dutudik
bik hifm egrgdi tgepit dgbmieik yikf
Amreik Innio PVR : hurud (Jioikkie).

„Bik
„Bik tuktut
tuktutnio
nio bgkfi
bgkfikk oi
oirti
rti dgdiyi
dgdiyiik
ik ( Purio Ir-Xi”bu : 87 )
yikf tgnio
tgnio bmdurkmi
bmdurkmidik
dik Innio
Innio dgpibieu
dgpibieu
idik pioini bik dghioifmiik oirm idomrit
bik jikfik
fiknio gkfd
fdiu
iu egn
egnupi
upidi
dik
k
\grmktio utd tbd hgrhuit
hioifmikeu
hioifmi keu (dgpgrnuik
(dgpgrnuik bik hgdinikeu)
dgrcsidik
birm bukmi4 bik hgrhuit himdnio (dgpibi
oiehi-oiehi
oiehi-oie hi Innio) sghifimeiki Innio Amreik Innio PVR:
hgrhuit himd dgpibieu (bgkfik
pgehgrmik kmdeitKyi yikf egnmepio-
egnmepio- Bik jikfiknio dieu egrufmdik eikusmi
nmepio)4 bik jikfiknio gkfdiu egnidudik pibi oid-oidkyi
oid-oidkyi bik jikfiknio
jikfiknio dieu
dgrcsidik bm eudi huem4 sgsukffuokyi hgreioirijingni bm eudi huem bgkfik
Innio tmbid sudi dgpibi
dgpibi crikf-crik
crikf-crikff yikf egehuit dgrcsidik

hgrhuit dgrcsidik „. ( Purio Is-Pyu”iri : 9?0)

8
 -Aidtcr egehgni
-Aidtcr egehgnidikfdikfdik
dik idonid
idonid jufinio
jufinio
yikf egkyghihdik sgsuitu ueit tgrsghut
tmbi
tmbid
d egk` gk`ipi
ipim dg dgti
tiei
eib bukik
kik yi yik
kf
sghgk
sgh gkirk
irkyi.
yi. @cktc
@cktcok
okyi
yi tieib
tieibukuk hirit
hirit
9.2 DG\GKRMKFIK IDONID yikf hgrisisd
hgrisisdikik cngo mbgcncfm
mbgcncfm dipmtinm
dipmtinms
s
bi
bikk nimk-
nimk-nim
nimk,
k, jit
jituo
uo si
situ
tu pg
pgrsi
rsitu
tu dgdgrik
rikii
DG\GKRMKFIK IDONID egehgnidikfdik kmnim-kmnim idonid.
Idonid Egk`crid
Egk`crid Rmkfdio Nidu Nidu Idonid \geikfdmk
\geikfdmk \gruhioik
\gruhioik
-Idonid egeimkdik pgrikik yikf pgktmkf
bi
bini
nie
e egk`
egk`cr crid
iddi
dikk tmkf
tmkfdi
dioo nidu
nidu bik
bik - Mk
Mkbm
bmvm
vmbu
bu egkj
egkjib
ibmm nghm
nghmo
o himd
himd bini
biniee
dgombupik
dgombupi k sgsgcrikf. egktiitm irioik Innio (hgridonid eunmi)
-Pgtmip
-Pgtm ip tmkfdio
tmkfdio nidu yikf niomrniomr birmpibi
birmpibi
eiku
ei kusm
smi
i sghg
sghgkikirk
rkyi
yi ibin
ibinio
io `grk
`grkii
iik k -Ispgd dgnuourik idonid bik dgrcoikmik
bi
birm
rmpi
pibi
bi ip ipii yikf
yikf tgrs
tgrsge
geit
it bm bini
biniee pgrnunio
pgrnunio bmiehmn hgrit
hgrit sgrti bmhgrm acdus
bmrmkyi. yikf
yikf ututie
ieii bini
binie
e egni
egnidu
dudi
dikk sgtm
sgtmip
ip
-P
-Pgh
ghif
ifim
imei
eikiki egku
egkururutt InIn-F
-Foi
oizi
zinm
nm : ifgkbi pgruhioik dgpibi eisyiridit.
"P
"Pgt
gtmi
mip
p yi yikf
kf ibi
ibi bm bini
biniee oitm
oitm idik
idik
-Mkm dgriki drmsms yikf bmoibipm cngo bukmi
egkz
eg kzio
iomr
mrdi
dikk dgsi
dgsikkkkyi
yi pibi
pibi ikff
ikffctcti
i
ib
ibini
inio
o egrupi
egrupidikdik drmsms
drmsms dgjmw
dgjmwiik
iik bi
bikk
hibik sgomkffinio sgtmip pgrfgriddikkyi
pgrfgriddikkyi
dgrcoikmik sghgnue mikyi egkjibm drmsms
ibinio hgrnikbisdik dgpibikyi".
gdckcem bik pcnmtmd.
Idonid Egepgkfiruom \grtmehikfik

- Idonid yikf sghitm binie bmrm eikusmi Idonid Egehiwi

Egehiwi Dghimdik
Dghimdik Egkygnuruo
Egkygnuruo
idik
idik egep
egepgkgkfi
firu
ruom
om bmrm
bmrmky
kyi
i
-Ms
-Msni
nie
e tgnio
tgnio egkfi
egkfijir
jirdik
dik idonid
idonid yikf
yikf
binie egkmnim sgsuitu pgrhuitik.
nuour yiyikf
kf egk
egkjie
jiemk dg dghi
himmdi
dik
k bik
Idonid Egk`gremkdik
Egk`gremkdik Dgmeikik
Dgmeikik dg
dghi
hioi
oifm
fmii
iikk hifm
hifm mkbm
mkbmvm
vmbu
bu eiou
eioupu
puk
k
- Idonid ibinio `gremk dgmeikik eisy
ei syi
iridi
riditt pibi
pibi sgsgtm
tmip
ip widtu
idtu bik
bik
sgsgcrikf Eusnme. dgibiik.

-Meik yikf sgepurki idik egkfoismndik -Idonid Msnie

-Idonid Msnie egkjiem
egkjiemk k dghimdik
dghimdik uktud
uktud
idonid yikf eunmi. sg
sgnu
nuru
ruo
o ueit
ueit eiku
eikusmsmi.
i. Eubi
Eubio o uktu
uktud
d
bm
bmnid
nidudi
udik
k bibik
k tmb
tmbid
id egehg
egehgri ritdi
tdik
k hifm
hifm
-Pihbi Xisununnio
Xisununnio P.I.V
P.I.V : yikf egnidudikkyi. Msnie tgnio
"Bm di
dinnikf
ikfik eu'
eu'emk
emkmk yikf
ikf pin
pinmkf egkfijirdik
egkfijird ik idonid yikf eunmi, sgomkffi
sgep
sgepur
urki
ki meik
meikky
kyi
i mini
minio
o yikf
yikf tgrh
tgrhim
imd
d bipi
bipitt bmri
bmrisi
sidi
dikk sgsgsu
suim
im bgkf
bgkfikik jm
jmwi
wi
idonidkyi―. eikusm
eik usmi
i bi
bikk bipit
bipit bmt
bmtgrm
grmei
ei idin
idin yikf
yikf

wiris.
Idonid Pghifim
Pghifim Pmehcn Rieibuk
Rieibuk
Eikusmi.
- Rieibuk sgsuitu ueit hgrfiktukf RC\MD 8 : \GXHIKBMKFIK
dgpibi pgkfoiyitikkyi bik dgeurkmik IKRIXI IDONID BIK ECXIN
suehgr pgribihikkyi.

-Idoni
-Id onid
d ib
ibini
inioo sghifi
sghifimm egr`u
egr`u tikbi,
tikbi,
hgrjiyi itiu tmbidkyi sgsuitu ueit binie 8.9 DCKPG\ IDONID
IDONID BIK
BIK ECXIN
ECXIN
egnidudik prcsgs dgeijuik bik
pgehikfukik.

-Rikpi
-Rikpi idoni
idonid
d kg
kgs`i
s`iyi
yi eikus
eikusmimi idik
idik
IDONID vs ECXIN
hgri
hgribi
bi bm ngngeh
ehio
io dg dgom
omki
kiik
ik hmir
hmirpu
puk
k
dgjiyi
dgjiyiik
ik eitgr
eitgrmin
min yi
yikf
kf bm`ip
bm`ipim
im sikfit
sikfit
egkidjuhdik. IDONID IP\GD ECXIN

0
 dgpibi smait dgpibi
Rmkfdio nidu PWEHGX Rmkfdio yikf tgrtikie tmkfdio
eikusmi nidu binie jmwi nidu yikf
yikf hgrsueh eikusmi yikf sgsuim
grdik dgpibi yikf egkbcrckf bgkfik
isis wioyu hgrsuehg sgsgcrikf titisusmni
(In-Yurik) rdik cngo uktud itiu
itiu syirid. gtmdi egnidudik pgriturik

siei ibi
himd itiu pgrhuitik
tikpi eisyirid
it
jioit. egegrnudik sgtgepit
pgemdmrik bik bm eiki
Pitu smstge PMPRGE Pitu smstge pgrtmehikfik. eisyirid
yikf egkmnim \GKMNIMI yikf it
tmkbidik ziomr K egkmnim hgrtmkbid
bik hitmk tmkbidik sghifim
eikusmi. ziomr pgkgktu.
eikusmi
sioiji.

Egrikfduem XIKFDW Egrikfdue RC\MD 0 : OWHWKF

OWHWKFIK
IK IDONID
IDONID
pgemdmrik, EIK m pgemdmrik,
BGKFIK DGOMBW\IK PGOIXMIK
pgrisiik
kmit bm oitmbik OWHWKF pgrisiik
bik kmit bm
IK
eikusmi binie oitm
ouhukfik eikusmi
 OWHWKFIK IDONID BGKFIK
eikusmi binie
bgkfik Innio, ouhukfik IDMBIO
eikusmi eikusmi
bgkfik bgkfik 9. Hgrm
Hgrmei
eikk dpb
dpb In
Inni
nio
o
eikusmi bik eikusmi 8. Pgktmi
Pgktmisi
si hgrt
hgrtiuh
iuhit
it bfk
bfk Inn
Innio
io
eikusmi sioiji.
0. Xgbo
Xgboi ib
bfk
fk Yibi
Yibi Yibi
Yibirr
bgkfik
2. Hgrmh
Hgrmhibi
ibioo bik
bik egkfi
egkfihbmhbm bm
bmrm
rm
eidonud nimk.
(ieir eidrua kiom eukfdir)
7. Pgktmi
Pgktmisi
si egk`i
egk`irm rm rgb
rgboi
oi bik
Kmnim-kmnim idonid \GKGKRW Kmnim-kmnim dghgrditik brpb Innio
bmtgktudik IK KMNIM ecrin 1. Egepu
Egepukykyim
im idmbio
idmbio sgjio
sgjiotgr
tgri
i
cngo Innio bmtgktudik
PVR egninum cngo BINMN HGXDIMRIK :
in-Yurik bik eikusmi.
tukjud ijir „ Egrgdi hgrmeik dgpibi Innio bik oirm
cngo idomrit bik egkyuruo hgrhuit pgrdiri
Xisununnio dghimdik bik egnirikf birmpibi pgrdiri
PIV. eukfdir bik egrgdi puni hgrsgfgri pibi
egkfgrjidik hgrhifim dghimdik bik
egrgdi mtu ibinio birmpibi crikf-crikf
Hgrsmait PMAIR Hgrsmait
eutnid, rgnitma, yikf scngo.― (Purio in-Merik: 992)
sgepurki bik suhjgdtma
tgtip. bik
sgegktiri
Eidi hirikfsmipi yikf egkfoiripdik
.
pgrjuepiik bgkfik Ruoikkyi ogkbidnio
Egrujud BGAMKMPM Egrujud bmi hgriein soinmo bik tmbid

2
egepgrsgdutudik sgsuitu ipipuk eukfdir bik egrgdi puni hgrsgfgri pibi
bgkfik-Kyi binie hgrmhibio dgpibi- egkfgrjidik hgrhifim dghimdik bik
Kyi.― (YP. In Dioam: 99<) egrgdi mtu ibinio birmpibi crikf-crikf
yikf scngo.― (Purio in-Merik: 992)

Pukffuo tgnio bmwioyudik dgpibieu bik

dgpibi crikf-crikf sghgnueeu:  OWHWKFIK IDONID BGKFIK
Pukffuo, ipihmni dieu hgrhuit symrmd \GKBMBMDIK
pistm idik tgroipus sgnuruo ieineu bik
dieu hgkir-hgkir idik tgreisud 9. Mneu
Mneu yikf
yikf bmtukt
bmtuktut
ut bmhg
bmhgrdirditm
tm Innio
Innio
fcnckfik
fcnckfi k crikf-crikf
crikf-crikf yikf egrufm.― (YP. 8. Mneu
Mneu hgre
hgreik
ikaii
aiitt u
uktu
ktud d bmrm,
bmrm,
Iz Zueir: 17 eisyiridit bik ifiei
0. Bmpgr
Bmpgreub
eubio
iodik
dik sgfin
sgfini i urusi
urusik k
2. Hgrj
Hgrjiy
iyi
i bukm
bukmi
i idom
idomriritt

 OWHWKFIK IDONID BGKFIK

MHIBIO BINMN HGXDIMRIK :

9. Egkik
Egkikieie gngegk
gngegk dousyu
dousyud d dg
dg „Rmbid pitut hifm nidm-nidm eudemk bik
binie mhibio hifm pgrgepuik, ipihmni Innio bik
8. Egkmk
Egkmkfdi
fditdi
tdik
k duin
duinmtm
mtm mhibi
mhibio o risunKyi tgnio egkgtipdik sgsuitu
0. Egkb
Egkbmb
mbmd
md kias
kiasu
u dgtgtipik idik ibi hifm egrgdi pmnmoik
2. Mhibio
Mhibio bm
bmtgr
tgrme
meii bm smsm
smsm Inni
Innio
o tgktikf urusik egrgdi bik hirikf smipi
yikf egkbgroidim Innio bik risunKyi
BINMN HGXDIMRIK :
eidi sgsukffuokyi bmi tgnio sgsit, sgsit
Xmwiyit Mhk Eijio Xisununnio s.i.w. yikf kyiti" (Purio in-Iozih: 01)
hgrsihbi yikf hgreidsub: „Idonid yikf
hurud mtu egrcsiddik iein dghijmdik
sgpgrtm `udi yikf egrcsiddik eibu bik *Eiia sgfini dgdurikfik,
dgdurikfik,
sgpgrtm ipm yikf egehidir diyu hidir―.
* `oimycd8 gxie kiktm
Amreik Innio tiini : „Pgsukffuokyi
„Pgsukffuokyi
crikf-crikf yikf hgrmeik dgpibi Innio *sgecfi zmi siamqio ziergg bpt
bik risunkyi dgeubmik egrgdi tmbid jiwih gxie gxie bfk himd,
himd, Iemk
egrifu- rifudik―.
* sgecfi zmi siamqio diwmk
`gpit8 yi innio iemk

„Hirikf smipi egkfgrjidik dghimdik

sghgrit zirio puk, kgs`iyi idik
~ sgdmikf, twmeg dwismo ~
bmpgrnmoitdikkyi bik hirikf smipi yikf
egkfgrjidik dgjioitik sghgrit zirio
puk, kgs`iyi idik bmpgrnmoitdikkyi.―
(Purio in-Zinzinio:6-?) RC\MD 2 : IDONID XIPWNWNNIO
PGHIFIM \GEME\MK BIK YWBVIO
OIPIKIO

„ Egrgdi hgrmeik dgpibi Innio bik oirm

idomrit bik egkyuruo hgrhuit pgrdiri
dghimdik bik egnirikf birmpibi pgrdiri

7
2.8 YWBVIO OIPIKIO -Kihm Euoieeib PIV bmhgrm fgnirik In-
XIPWNWNNIO PIV BNE DOMBW\K Iemk yikf hgreidsub 'hcngo bmpgr`iyim‟
bmpgr`iyim‟
HBPXDK dgriki
dgri ki ipi puk yikf hifmkbi
hifmkbi u`ipdik,
u`ipdik,
PMBBMY,IEIKIO,RIHNMFO
PMBBMY,IEIKIO,RIHNMFO & bmpgr`iyim bik bmyidmkm pgkbubud dgriki
AIRCKIO. hifmkbi
hif mkbi tgrdgkin
tgrdgkin sghifim
sghifim sgcrikf
sgcrikf yikf
tmbid pgrkio hgrbusti
*Dcksgp Yubwitun Oisikio
-Dgtmdi Kihm Euoieeib PIV bmtiwirdik
- mi
mini
nio
o `ckt
`cktco
co tgni
tgnibi
bik
k yikf
yikf himd
himd mimt
mimtu
u dgri
dgriji
jiik
ik,, oirt
oirti
i bik
bik wikm
wikmti
ti cngo
cngo diue
diue
sgsuitu yikf hcngo bm`cktcom crikf nimk. Yurimsy ifir hifmkbi egkmkffindik
egkmkffindik tufis
egky
eg kygh
ghir
irdi
dik
k ifie
ifiei
i Ms
Msni
nie,
e, Hifm
Hifmkb
kbi
i
- Yubwio minio dgibiik yikf hcngo bmmdutm
egkjiwih:
cngo crikf nimk sieibi himd itiu hurud.
Eikidi
Eik idini
ni,, Oisik
Oisikio
io minio
minio `cktco
`cktco yikf
yikf 'Bgem
'Bgem Inn
Innio
io wioim
wioim pi
pidd `md,
`md, sgikb
sgikbim
imkyi
kyi
himd bik sukkio yikf hifus (Euoieeib egrgd
eg rgdi
i bi
bipit
pit egngti
egngtiddi
ddik
k eitio
eitioirm
irm bm
Oijmr, 8<98). tikfik dikik du bik hunik bm tikfik dmrm
du ifir idu egkmkffindik tufis su`m du,
- Amreik Innio binie Purio In-Iozih iyit
eidi
eid i idu tmb
tmbid
id idik
idik egkmkf
egkmkffin
findik
dikky
kyi
i
89, yikf hgreidsub : Bgem
siepim Innio egegkikfdik (Msnie) itiu
sgsukff
sgsu kffuoky
uokyi,
i, ibinio
ibinio hifm dieu pibi
idu oik`ur dgrikikyi".
bmrm Xisununnio mtu `cktco mdutik yikf himd,

meg
imtukfoi
egkf hripd
oiriipdik
fm ik cr(d
ikgrgb
fgbii
(dgr yk)
ikf Inni
iik) sogktmbik
Innio isi
bik - Amreik Innio binie Purio In-Iria iyit
1? yikf hgreidsub : (Rufisdu)
(hinisik himd) oirm idomrit, sgrti bmi puni egky
gkyiepi
iepimmdi
dik
k dgdgp
pibi didie
eu idi dik
k
egkyghut
egky ghut bik egkfmkfi
egkfmkfitm
tm Innio
Innio hikyid-
hikyid- pgrmktio
pgrmktio-pgrm
-pgrmktio
ktio (yikf
(yikf bmutusdi
bmutusdik
k cngo)
cngo)
hikyid (binie eisi susio bik sgkikf). Ruoikdu bik idu ibinio pgehgrm kismoit
yikf ieikio, hifm dieu.

*9) PMBBMY
*0) RIHNMFO
- Pmait hgkir mimtu tmbid ibi sgpitio puk
pgrditiikkyi yikf egkfikbukfm - Mimtu Pmait egkyiepimdik
dghitmnik, binie ipi sioiji dgibiik bik
suisiki. - Amreik
Amreik In
Innio
nio bi
bini
nie
e Purio
Purio In-Ei
In-Eimbi
mbio
o

- Xisununnio hudik sioiji hgkir birm sgfm iyit 16 yikf hgreidsub : Vioim Xisun
Innio! Piepimdiknio
Piepimdiknio ipi yikf tgnio
pgrditiik kieuk jufi pgrhuitik. bmturukdik dgpibieu birm Ruoikeu bik
jmdi gkfdiu tmbid egnidudikkyi
egnidudikkyi (bgkfik
- Amreik Innio binie Purio Ik-Kije, iyit
egkyiepimdik sgeuikyi), eidi
2 yf hgreidsub : Pgfini yikf
hgreidki tmibinio gkfdiu egkyiepimdik
bm
bmpgr
pgrdi
ditid
tidik
ikkyi
kyi mtu (sieib
(sieibi
i In-Yu
In-Yurik
rik
pgru
pgrutu
tusi
sikK
kKyi
yi bik
bik In Inni
nio
o juin
juinio
io idik
idik
itiu
iti u oibms)
oibms) tmb
tmbid
id nimk
nimk oi
oikyi
kyinio
nio wioyu
wioyu
egegnmoirieu birm (dgjioitik) eikusmi.
yikf bmwioyudik dgpibikyi.
Pgsu
Pg sukf
kffu
fuok
okyi
yi In Inni
nio
o tm tmbi
bid
d egeh
egehgr
grmm
ombiyit pgtukjud dgpibi diue yikf diamr.

*8) IEIKIO - Amreik Innio binie Purio In-Merik iyit

9<2 yikf hgreidsub : Bik ogkbidnio ibi
-Mimtu hcngo bmpgr`iyim.
bm
(hgiktiri
rbidwidieu
o) situ
dgppuid
ibi yikf degkygru
ghijmdik

1
(egkfgehikfd
(egkfgeh ikfdik
ik Msnie)
Msnie) bik egkyuruo
egkyuruo - Amreik Innio binie Purio Ik-Kion ,iyit
hgrhuit
hgrh uit sgfini
sgfini pgrdiri
pgrdiri yikf himd,
himd, sgrti 987 yikf hgreidsub : Pgrunio dg jinik
egni
eg niri
rikf
kf bi
birm
rmpi
pibi
bi sgfi
sgfini
ni yikf
yikf sini
sinio
o Ruoik
Ruo ikeu
eu (wioim
(wioim Euoi
Euoieei
eeib) b) bgkfi
bgkfikk
(hurud bik dgjm) bik egrgdi yikf hgrsmait omde
deitit dg
dghm
hmjjids
dsi
ikii
kiik bik
bik kis
ismo
moi
it
bgemdmik minio crikf-crikf yikf hgrjiyi. pg
pgkfi
kfiji
jirik
rik yikf
yikf himd
himd bi
bik
k hgrhi
hgrhiois
oisnio
nio
bgkfik egrgdi (yikf gkfdiu sgrudik mtu)
bgkfik `iri yikf nghmo himd4

*2) AIRCKIO sgsukffuokyi Ruoikeu Bminio jui yikf

nghmo egkfgtioum idik crikf yikf sgsit
- Mimtu hmjidsiki. birm jinikKyi bik Bminio jui yikf nghmo
egkf
eg kfgt
gtio
ioum
um idik
idik crik
crikf-
f-cr
crik
ikf
f yi
yikf
kf
- @iri hgrbi rbidwio
dwio risu
risunnunn
nni
io yiyik
kf egkbipit ombiyit pgtukjud.
hg
hgrd
rdgs
gsik
ik ibibin
inio
io tmbi
tmbid
d egkb
egkbgb gbio
iodi
dik
k
dgim
gimhik sg sgsg
sgc crik
rikf bikbik hgrbid rbidw
wio
bg
bgkfi
kfikk `iri
`iri ngeio
ngeio ngehu
ngehutt bi
bikk pg
pgkuo
kuo
2.0 DI
DIGBIO \GEHGKRWDIK
omdeio
IDONID CNGO XIPWNWNNIO PIV
- Hgtipi rieim crikf diamr yikf egeusuom
9) BM
BMIN
INCF
CF B
BIK
IK PCI
PCIN
N JIVI
JIVIH
H
Kihm
Ki hm P.
P.I.
I.V.
V. tg
tgti
tipm
pm idom
idomrk
rkyi
yi egeg
egegnu
nud
d
Msnie
Msnie dgrik
dgriki
i egnm
egnmoit
oit dgt
dgtmk
mkffm
ffmik
ik idonid
idonid -hgrmm si
-hgr sioi
oihi
hitt pgnu
pgnuik
ikf
f bik
bik eisi
eisi ut
utd
d
bik pgrmhibim hifmkbi. hgrtikyi

- Hifmkbi PIV eiepu hgrbghit bgkfik -egkfijid hudik egeidsi

crikf diamr bgkfik sghimd-himdkyi supiyi
egrgdi
egrg di bipit
bipit egeioiem
egeioiem amreik-am
amreik-amreik
reik
Innio PVR.

- Hifm
Hifmkb
kbi
i eiep
eiepu u egkf
egkfit
itur
ur ueit
ueitky
kyii
8) \GK
\GKFWNI
FWNIK
KFIK
FIK
sgomk
sgo mkffi
ffi hg hgrji
rjiyi
yi egktr
egktrik
iksac
sacrei
reism
smdik
dik
hikfsi Irih jiomnmio yikf isinkyi hcbco, -egkfuni
-egkf unikf
kf hifm
hifm sgsuit
sgsuitu
u pgrdi
pgrdiri
ri yikf
yikf
di
disi
sir/
r/hg
hgkf
kfms
ms,, hgrp
hgrpg`
g`io
io-h
-hgn
gnio
io sg
sgrt
rti
i pgktmkf
sgktmisi hgrpgrikf iktiri sudu, egkjibm
situ hikfsi yikf hgrhubiyi bik -`to : Euibz hgrtikyi dgpibi kihm. ‟]i
hgrpgkfg
hgrp gkfgtioui
tiouik. k. Mtu sgeui
sgeui egegrnu
egegrnudik
dik Kihm
Ki hm,, hgrmti
hgrmtiou
ou idu suitu
suitu ieinik
ieinik yikf
yikf

dghmjidsikiik yikf nuir hmisi. egkygh

egk
tmbidyghih
ihdik
idik dik idu sgnimk
hgrtikyi eisud
eisud mkm”.syurfi
syurfi.. Idu
- @t
@to
o : pgrm
pgrmst
stmw
mwii pgrs
pgrsgn
gnms
msmo
moik
ik ikti
iktiri ri
dgn
gnc
cepc
epcd di dihhmnio bm Egdi Egdio o, sg sgtm
tmi
ip Kihm puk hgrsihbi:”Pukffuo dieu tgnio
dgncepcd
dgncepcd egeidsidi
egeidsidik k dgogkbi
dgogkbid d uktud
uktud hgrt
hgrtik
ikyi
yi tg
tgk
kti
tikf
kf susuit
itu
u yi
yikf
kf ifuk
ifukf.
f.
egngtiddik in-Oijir in-Iswib (hitu omtie) Pukff
Pu kffuo
uo dieu
dieu tgnio
tgnio hgrtik
hgrtikyi
yi tgktik
tgktikf
f
bm it
itis
is Di”h
Di”hio
io,, ninu
ninu Xisu
Xisunununn
nnio
io si siw.
w. suitu yikf ifukf. Pukffuo dieu tgnio
egkg
gkgkfio
fiomkyi bgkfik fik `iri sg sgeu
eui i hgrt
hgrtik
ikyi
yi tg
tgk
kti
tikf
kf susuit
itu
u yi
yikf
kf ifuk
ifukf.
f.
dgncepcd yikf hgrsgkfdgti ifir Dgeubmik hifmkbi egkjiwih bik
egegfikf oujukf birm dimk mtu. egkfunikf tmfi dinm, sgsukffuokyi oin mtu
Dgeub
Dg eubmik
mik,, Kihm
Kihm egngt
egngtidd
iddik
ik hihitutu mtu bm idik
idik eubi
eubioo hifm
hifm crik
crikf-
f-cr
crik
ikf
f yiyikf
kf
tgkfiokyi, bik egrgdi sgeui bmdgogkbidm Innio”.
egkf
gkfikfd
kfdit omkffi ffi siepiepim bm itis tis

Di”hio.
0) \G
\GXW
XWE\
E\IE
IEII
IIK
K

6
-egkffukidik pgruepieiik utd - Hifmkb
Hifmkbii tmb
tmbid
id egkfi
egkfirio
riodik
dik sgsuit
sgsuitu
u
ekjgnisdik
ekjgnisdik sgsuitu pgrd
pgrdir
iri
i egni
egnimk
mkdi
dik
k sgsgtg
tgni
nio
o Hifm
Hifmkb
kbii
egnidudi
egni dudikkyi
kkyi tgrnghmo
tgrnghmo biounu
biounu dgeubmik
dgeubmik
-Egninum
-Egninum pg
pgrue
ruepie
pieiik
iik kihm
kihm egkfi
egkfijid
jid hirunio bmmdutm cngo piri sioihit
ifir dmti hgramdmr bik egkffukidik idin hgrbisirdik ipi yikf egrgdi nmoit.
dmti.
- Kihm
Kihm tmb
tmbid
id egkfou
egkfoudue
due sioihi
sioihitt itiu
itiu
- Egkfijid uktud egehgrm pgrmkfitik bik eurmbkyi
dihir fgehmri dgpibi ueitkyi
- Egkb
Egkbgkgkfi
firr it
itiu
iu egky
egkyididsm
smdi
dik
k trnhm
trnhmo
o
- Pgsuitu pgrdiri yikf sudir bounu pgrhuitik yikf tmbid sgkikf
bmfiehirdik cngo idin pgrnu bmsiepimdik
sg`iri
sg`iri drgitm
drgitmaa ifir
ifir eiepu
eiepu bmtbmtgrj
grjge
geioio - Ifir sioih
sioihit
it hgramdmr
hgramdmr pitut itiu tmbid,
bgkfik eubio cngo pgkbgkfir pgrnu
rnu it
iti
iu tm
tmb
bid sgsgsu
suiitu prd
rdi
iri mtu
bmnidudik
- \gru
\gruepie
epieiik
iik bik dmis
dmisik
ik bmfukidi
bmfukidikk
ipih
ipihmn
mni
i sg
sgsu
suit
itu
u pgrd
pgrdir
iri
i yiyikf
kf mkfm
mkfmk
k
bmsiepim
bmsiepimdik
dik ifid sieir
sieir bik ouduekyi
ouduekyi
sudir uktud bmdgtioum. 1) HGXPMD
HGXPMDI\
I\ RGFI
RGFIP
P JMDI
JMDI \GXNW
\GXNW

- Kihm PIV egkegkjib

jibm eirio
rio ipi
ipihmn
mni
i
-`to : Birmpibi Ihu Ourimrio ri ditikyi:
tgrb
tgrbip
ipit
it si
sioi
oihi
hitt yi
yikf
kf hgrt
hgrtik
ikyi
yi bik
bik
Xisunun
Xis ununnio
nio siw hgrsihbi
hgrsihbi:"Ipi
:"Ipi pgkbipit
pgkbipit hg
hgrhm
rhm`i
`iri
ri eg
egkfg
kfgkim
kim pgrdi
pgrdiri
ri yikf
yikf tmb
tmbid
id
dieu sgdmrikyi tgrbipit sghitikf sukfim sgpitutkyi bmpgrhmk`ikfdik.
bm oi
oibip
bipik
ik pm
pmktu
ktu rueio
rueio sinio
sinio sgcrik
sgcrikf f
-`to : Birmpibi lIeru hmk Pyulimh
bi
birm
rm dieu
dieu bi bikk bmi
bmi eikb
eikbmm bm bini
biniekekyi
yi
birm
birmpi
pibi
bi iyio
iyiokykyi4
i4 Xisu
Xisunu nunn
nnio
io dgnu
dgnuir
ir
sgtmi
sgt mip
p oirm
oirm sghiky
sghikyidid nm
nmei
ei dinm.I
dinm.Ipid
pidio
io
egkg
eg kgeu
eumm piri
piri sioi
sioihi
hitt Hifm
Hifmkb
kbii yikf
yikf
eismo nifm tgrbipit dctcr tcrik pibi
sgbikf
sgbi kf hgrtgkfd
hgrtgkfdirir tgktikf
tgktikf eisinio
eisinio in-
hi
hibi
bikk
kkyi
yi33 \iri
\iri sioi
sioihi
hitt egkj
egkjiw
iwih ih :
Yibir
Yib ir (dgtgk
(dgtgktui
tuikk In
Innio
nio dg dgiti
itis
s oi
oiehi
ehi
Pubio
Pu bio pistm
pistm tmb
tmbid
id tgrbi
tgrbipit
pit sgb
sgbmd
mdmt
mt pu
puk
k
sgjid
sgji d izinm)
izinm) ninu
ninu wijio
wijio hifmkbi
hifmkbi egkjibm
egkjibm
dctcrik pibikyi.Ninu hifmkbi hgrsihbi :
sikf
sikfitit egri
egrio o sgpg
sgpgrt
rtmm dgeg
dgegririoi
oikk hmjm
hmjm
„Hgfmtunio pgruepieiikyi bgkfik scnit
bgnmei niktirik tgrninu eurdi.
nmei widtu.In
widtu.Innio
nio egkfoipu
egkfoipusdiksdik sgfini
sgfini
dgsinioik egrgdi bgkfikkyi."
Niktis hifmkbi hgrsihbi4 „Ipidio uktud
(B
(Bmr
mrmw
mwiy
iyit
itdi
dik
k cn
cngo
go MeMeie
ie in-H
in-Hud
udoi
oirm
rm,, mkm
mkm dinmi
dinmik
k bmsur
bmsuruo
uo33 Itiu
Itiu ipidio
ipidio dg dgrik
rikii
Eusnme bik sgnimkkyi)
pgrd
pgrdir
iri
i mkm
mkm dinm
dinmik
ik bm`m
bm`mpt
ptid
idik
ik33 Dinm
Dinmik
ik
egk`iepuribuddik
egk`iepuri buddik sghioifmik
sghioifmik in-Yurik
dgpi
dgpibi
bi sghi
sghioi
oifm
fmik
ik yikf
yikf nimk
nimk,, justg
justgru
ru
2) \GK@GXMRIIK RGKRIKF dgriki pgrdiri mkmnio ueit-ueit tgrbiounu
WEIR-WEIR RGXBIOWNW sghgnue dinmik egkjibm hmkisi.― (Xmwiyit
Meie Mhku Eijio)
- bipit egkfiehmn ectmvism bik mdtmhir

- Pitu pgrtmfi iyit-iyit yikf tgrdikbukf

binie in-Yurik egrupidik sgjirio

7) PWX
PWXM RGNI
RGNIB
BIK

?
 sg`iri egkygnuruo dgriki mi idik
egkjibm
egkj ibm fgjini
fgjini scsmin
scsmin yikf sudir
bmriwit.
- Egky
Eg kygh
ghihihdi
dikk kyiw
kyiwi i pgkffuki
pgkffuki
jinikriyi nimk hgrihgribi
bi bini
binie e
dgibiik yikf egehmehikfdik.
- Egrgepmt egrupidik mstmnio

dgpibi pgkupgkukffik
kffikf f ectcsmdi
ectcsmdinn
yikf tgrnmhit bgkfik
pgrnuehiik oirie
- Hmisik
Hmi sikyiyi egrgd
egrgdi i egkffu
egkffukid
kidik
ik
ectcsmdin itiu sdutgr
- Ibi yikf tgrhiru egrgepmt
egkffukidik hismdin
- Hgrmti Oirmi mik
k 88 Cdt 8<96:
\gniji
\gn ijirr P\E bmtiobmtioik
ik egrge
egrgepm
pmt.
t.
Egninum hgrmti mkm, hudik soj ngnidm
einio pgn pgniji
ijirr pgrepu
pgrepuik ik turut
bmtioik
- Egrg
Eg rgdi
di biobio bmdi
bmdimt
mtdi
dik
k bgkf
bgkfik
ik
RC\MD 7 : MPW-MPW PGEIPI
DGXWKRWOIK IDONID XGEIJI idtmvmtm nimk sgpgrtm rcepid
hgrd
hgrdue
uepu puninik,
k, pgrf
pgrfibibuo
uoik
ik bikbik
7.9 MP
MPW
W-MPW PG
PGEIPI DG
DGXWKRWOIK dg`urmik.
IDONID XGEIJI - Dg`u
Dg `urm
rmik
ik:: eid
eid iyio
iyio xh xhff bumt
bumt..
Bcrikf kid ngpid eidik msm
i) EGXGE\MR emky
emkyid
id pgrn pgrnuu bumt
bumt.. Iehm
Iehmnn jini
jinik
k
- Fgjjini ‟eit rgep
Fg rgepmmt” hududik
iknnio eubio, bgkfik egk`urm.
egrupidik situ fgjini yikf hiru. - \grfibuoik: eukfdmk ibi
Einio,
Eini o, fgjini
fgjini sghgfmk
sghgfmkmm tgnio niei dgnce
dgncepcd
pcd tgrtgk
tgrtgktu
tu eit
eit rgepmt
rgepmt km.
km.
wujub bik dgbgkf dgbgkfiri
irikk oioikfi
kfitt Rids
Ridsuhuh bik bik egep
egepgr grti
tioi
oikd
kdikik
bm
bmp
pgrdrdiiti
tidi
dik
k bm biniinie egbmi dgnce
dgncepcd
pcd eismkeismkf8
f8.. Hmn
Hmni
i hg
hgrni
rnidu
du
gngdtrckmd eioupuk egbmi `gtid. sinio aioie, euni hgrfibuo
- Fgji
Fg jini
ni egrg
egrgep
epmt
mt yikf
yikf sgei
sgeidmdmk
k - Xcepid
Xcep id hgrduepu
hgrduepunik:nik: dgmkfmk
dgmkfmkik
ik
egkuni
egku nirr bi
bikk egkjibm-jibm binie egnidu
egni dudi
dikk sgsu
sgsuit
itu
u yikf
yikf nghm
nghmo
o
di
dini
nikf
kfik ik rgei
rgeiji
ji sg
sgrt
rti
i smsmdi
dip
p egk`ihir
egk` ihir.. Xisi sgrckcd
sgrckcd ipihmni
ipihmni
rgeiji yikf sgeidmk egkffikis bmn
bmnidu
idudik
dik sg`iri
sg`iri hghgrdu
rduepu
epunik
nik..
tgnio egehuitdik pikffmnik ‟eit Rgrmdut-mdut ridik yikf nimk.
rge
rgepmtmt”” tm
tmb
bid nifm
ifm bmf
bmfukidi
kidikk.
Pghinmdkyi, dmkm pikffmnik tgrsghut h) EGEH
EGEHWI
WIKF
KF I
IK
KID
tgnio bmtudirdik dgpibi pikffmnik
‫ ن‬‫۩ ذ‬۩‫ ك‬ ۩۩ ‫ ك‬ ‫ع ٹ ؼي‬‫۩ ثذ‬۩ -

‫ه‬۩۩ ‫۩ ع‬۩‫غ‬
‟siesgkf jinikik”.
- Rrgkb egkukjuddik idsm
egkukffikf ectcsmdin bm jinik
riyi
riyi bgkf bgkfik
ik pgnh
pgnhif
ifim
im hgkt
hgktud
ud - Pgsukffuokyi rufmnio crikf yikf
fiyi cngo rgeiji bik hgnmi egeh
eg ehuk
ukuo
uo ikid
ikid-i
-iki
kid
d egegrg
rgdi
di
doususkyi sgomkffi dirgki dghcbcoik tikpi mneu, bik
egkbitik
egkb itikfdik
fdik dg`gnidi
dg`gnidiik
ik pgrnu
pgrnu egrgdi egkfoiriedik ipi yikf
bmdiw
bmd iwin
in bik bmoip
bmoipusd
usdik
ik sgfgri
sgfgri Innio tgnio rgzgdmdik dgpibi

=
 egrgdi
egrg di bgkf
bgkfik
ik sg
sgei
eiti
ti-e
-eit
iti
i dghikyid
dghiky idikik rg
rgeij
eiji
i sd
sdrf
rf eef
eef
egkfibi-
egkf ibi-ibid
ibidik
ik tgroibip
tgroibip Innio.
Innio. tgrbgbio bfk pgrhuitik hgrzmki.
Pgsukffuokyi
Pgsukffuo kyi egrgdi tgnio sgsit (tfd puk`i8).
bi
bik
k tmbi
tmbidn
dnio
io egrg
egrgdi
di egkb
egkbipipit
it - OWXI
OW XIMM NIFM:
NIFM: birm hgrzmki rieim
rieim
pgtukjud. (Purio in ik”ie : 92<) rgeiji sgdirikf huikf ikid. Bio
- \grm
\g rmk
kfiti
fitikk Innio uktud tud piri hgrzmk
hgrzmki,
i, dgnui
dgnuirfi
rfi einu,
einu, sm ngnid
ngnidmm
pg
pgeh
ehui uikf
kf ikid
ikid-i
-iki
kid
d eg egrg
rgdi
di,, xeiu
xe iu hgrt
hgrtik
ikff
ffuk
ukfj
fjiw
iwih
ih,, ti
tidu
dutt

yikf
yik f egehu
egehukuo
kuo ikid8
ikid8 egrgdi
egrgdi dgnuirfi
dgnuirfi tiou,
tiou, dgwikfi
dgwikfik k xduduo,
xduduo,
oikyi dirgki tmbid bipit hgnue hgrsgbmi jibm mhu.
ege
eg ehgrm
hgrm eidik bik sgfini fini - HO 96 iprmn 8<9?: dgs huikf hiym
dgpgrnuik ombupkyi.
ombupkyi. bm Riwiu. (stgsgk his).
- PGXRI
PGX RI \grmk
\grmkfit
fitik
ik mkm
mkm bmtuj
bmtujudi
udikk
dgpi
dgpibi
bi wikm
wikmti
ti yikf
yikf hgrpgrmnidu
hgrzmki dgdgeu
eubmbmik
ik oiem
oiemnn yi
yikf
kf `) PG
PGDP DP NWIX
NWIX KMDI
KMDIOO
idomrkyi egehuikf ikid8 - Nghmo durikf bgkfik huikf ikid,
egrgdi sgtgn
tgnio egniomrdik. tp spg`mam`inny pibi sgds nuir kmdio
Egrgdi
Egr gdi piri
piri pgnidu
pgnidu zm zmki,
ki, hu
hudik
dik ni (ouhukfik)
soj xekygsin hgrzmki, hiodik tgnio - Pgtmip eikusmi egepukyim
egkyghihdik
egkyghihdi k mksik nimk tgrdipim8 dgmkf
dgm kfmk
mkik
ik sgds
sgds dg
dgrik
riki
i mi ibini
ibinioo
- binie
binie iyit
iyit km,
km, Innio
Innio tu egehg
egehgrm rm am
amtr
tri
io eikusmi. Hifm rgeiji
rgz
rgzgd
gdmm ikid, pgr gr``iyi bgkfikfik dgmkfmkik mkm hgrnidu idmhit
rgz
rgzgd
gdmm InInnnio. Bmeurd
eurdim
im Innio,
io, pgru
pgruhi
hioi
oikk ocre
ocreck
ck dgtm
dgtmdi
di inie
inie
hgrn
hgrnid
iduu zizinmnme
e tgro
tgroib
ibip
ip biri
birioo rgeiji.
bifmkf sgkbmrm. - Pgds nuir kmdio ibinio sgds bmnuir
- OIBMP NIMK NIMK:: Oibms rmwiyit mditik pgrdiowmkik. Mi ibinio sgds
Ihbunnio ri., mi hgrditi: Idu yikf egnmhitdik pisikfik dgdismo
hgrtikyi dgpibi Xisununnio PIV: yikf hgnue egepukyim mditik sio
Bcsi
Bcs i ipidio
ipidio yikfyikf pinmk
pinmkf
f hgs
hgsir
ir sghifim suiem mstgrm.
egkurut
egku rut Innio3
Innio3 Xisununn
Xisununnioio PIV. - Bmdi
Bmdini
nikf
kfik
ik rgei
rgeiji
ji,, wini
winiup
upuk
uk
hgrsihbi: Gkfdiu egehuit dg
dghi
hiky
kyid
idik
ikky
kyii hgrn
hgrnididu
u pibi
pibi
sgdutu hifm Innio, pibioin Bminio pisikfik
pisi kfik dgdismo
dgdismo kieuk
kieuk mi jufi
yikf egk`mptidikeu. Idu hcng
hcngoo hgrn
hgrnid
idu
u bini
biniee hghg
hghgri
ripi
pi
hgrditi:
hgrdi ti: Pukffuo,
Pukffuo, bcsi bgemdmik
bgemdmik dgibiik sgpgrtm suehikf
egei
eg eikfkf hgsi
hgsir. r. Dgeu
Dgeubm bmik
ik ipi
ipi eiorie,, rcfcn,
eiorie rcfcn, pgni`u
pgni`urik
rik,, sgds
sgds
ni
nifm
fm33 Hgnm
Hgnmiu
iu egkj
egkjiwiwih
ih:: Gkfdiu hghis
hgh is bibik k kmeace
kmeaceikmikmii itiu
itiu fm
fmni
ni
egehukuo ikideu dirgki tidut soiowit.
emsdmk.
emsdm k. Idu tikyi nifm: Dgeubmik - OWXIM NIFM: Puehikf eiorie: eiorie:
ipi3 Xisununnio PIV. egkjiwih: Puehikf eiorie ibinio
Gkfdiu hgrzmki bgkf bgkfikik ms mstr
trmm ouhu
ouhukfkfik
ik jgkm jgkms
s ikti
iktiri
ri egrg
egrgdi
di
tgtikffieu. yikf egepukyim tinm pgrsiubiriik
- Birm
Bi rm oibm
oibmss kmkm:: duit
duitdi
dikk iyit
iyit in bik pgrdi
pgrdiowmowmkik
kik ikiktir
tiri
i egrgdi
egrgdi
quri
qu rik
k ti
tibm
bm.. Bcsi
Bcsi hgsihgsirr huik
huikf f ibinio
ibi nio tmb
tmbid
id sio bm sm smsm
sm uk
ukbik
bikf-
f-
ikid
ik id sgeit iti
i eiti tid tidut
utd
dik ukbikf
ukb ikf itiuitiu bmnbmniri
irikf
kf cngo
cngo ibit
ibit
emsdmk. Egrgdi mtu rgzgdm. rgsie
rgsie.. @cktc
@cktco: o: Ouhuk
Ouhukfik fik jgkms
jgkms
(d
(dim
imtd
tdik
ik bgkf
bgkfik ik puk`
puk`i i kikt
kiktm-m- ikti
iktiri
ri rgei
rgeiji ji bgkf
bgkfikik mhuh
mhuhip
ipii
tiuomb gt`). egrg
eg rgdi
di,, ibmd
ibmd hgrihgribmbmd,
d, mhuh
mhuhip
ipii
- Pgnimk mtu, oibms km tgdikdik tktf siubiri, bitud bik sghifimkyi.
sghifimkyi.
jfk hgrzmki. Dmti eidnue

9<
- Bgkfik pgkmkfditik dibir - Fikfstgrmseg
Fikfstgrm seg ibinio
ibinio jgkms
jgkms sinio
sinio
pg
pgk`
k`gr
grim
imik
ik,, nghm
nghmo
o riei
rieimm diki
dikid-
d- nidu yikf subio niei wujub binie
dikid tgrbgbio dgpibi rmsmdc yikf dinikfik pgnijir bik eismo
nghmo tm
tmk
kffm hifm egkfiniem hgrtgrusi
hgrtg rusikk omkffi
omkffi dmkm.
dmkm. Dgibiik
Dgibiik
suehikf eiorie. Jmdi sgsgcrikf egkjibm hgrtiehio sgrmus ipihmni
mhu hgrdiowmk sgeuni, ikid bmbi
bmbipi
pitm
tm sgei
sgeidm
dmk
k riei
rieimm pgni
pgniji
jirr
pg
pgrg
rgep
epuiuikk hgnm
hgnmiu
iu yikf
yikf tmkf
tmkffi
finn pgrge
pgr gepui
puikk bik eurmb
eurmb sgdcni
sgdcnioo

sgrueio bgkfik egrgdi tgrbgbio rgkbi

rgk bio o bm dgsik
dgsik tgrnm
tgrnmhi
hitt bgkfik
bgkfik
dgpi
dgpibi
bi rm rmsm
smdc
dc yikf
yikf nghm
nghmoo tmkf
tmkffm
fm fgji
fgjinini si sies
esgk gkf
f yi yikf
kf bmdg
bmdgki
kinm
nm
uktud pgkfikm
pgkfikmiyiiiyiikk sgdsuin
sgdsuin cngo
cngo sghifim fikfstgrmseg.
fikfstgrmseg.
hpi tmr
tmrmky
mkyi i hg
hgrhi
rhikb
kbmkf
mkf hipiky
hipikyi i - Egku
Eg kuru rutt EmEmnn
nngr
gr”s
”s (9=?
(9=?<)<) bgam
bgamkm
kmsm
sm
sgkbmrm. fikf
fik f mkmmkm ibini
ibinio o tgrei
tgreisud
sud bibinie
nie
- OWXIM NIFM: Xcfcn. Xcfcn idtm
tmv
vmtm oirie bik sgktmisi
hgrnidu ipihmni sgsgcrikf bmpidsi hgruhio-uhio.
egnidudi
egni dudik k ouhukfik
ouhukfik sgds tikpi tikpi - Eiki
Ei kidi dinini Dn
Dngm
gmkk & Eixs
Eixsck ck puni
puni
dgrgni
dgrgniik
ikkyi
kyi,, jufi
jufi hcn
hcngogo hghgrni
rnidu
du egkgdikdik fikf mkm ibinio suitu
sg`iri pidsiik, ufutik itiu pujud idtm
idtmvm
vmtm
tm oiri
oirie
e bikbik su suit
ituu yikf
yikf
riyu.
riyu. \idsi:
\idsi: bg bgkfi
kfikk egnid
egnidudi
udikk drmtmdin.
ufutik
ufuti k (dgnuirf
(dgnuirfi i sgkb
sgkbmrm,
mrm, sgw
sgwidtu
idtu - Hgrm
Hg rmti
ti pgkio kioikikkik 9? pgnijir jir
hgrsgkbm
hgrsg kbmrmik
rmik bm nuir).
nuir). \ujud
\ujud riyu:
riyu: sgdc
sgdcni nioo bm Dn Dnik
ikff yikf
yikf egkjegkjib
ibmm
cngo ha. Rgreidik pujudik. Eismo vmrin hiru-hiru mkm egkfgehinmdik
hiwio ueur. pgroi
pgr oitmi
tmik
k sgeui
sgeui pmoid
pmoid tgroib
tgroibip
ip
- Ouhukfik sgdsuin bgkfik fibms bm msu pgnijir sgdcnio binie
hiwio ueur 91 tiouk ibinio sinio fik
fi kfst
stggrmse
rmse.(
.(8
8? iprmn
rmn 8<96 :
bm smsm ukbikf-ukbikf bgkfik itiu idohir)
tikpi dgrgniik fibms tgrsghut.
- Ibi jufi yikf tgrhihmt binie sgds I\IDIO DIMRIK PMPRGE
nuir kmdio mkm egehgrm \GKBMBMDIK BGKFIK
pgnhifim
pgnh ifim inisik
inisik - sgpgrtm
sgpgrtm tgdikik
tgdikik FIKFPRGXMPEG BM DINIKFIK
om
ombu
bupp - uktuuktud
d legk
legkfo
foin
inin
indi
dik3
k3 \GNIJIX3
pgrhuitik egrgdi. - Eijcrmtm pgnijir yikf tgrnmhit binie
Hudik mtu siji, ibi yikf fikf
fikfstg
stgrmrmse
seg
g ibin
ibinio
io fcnc
fcnckf
kfik
ik
egnidu
egn idudik
dik sgds
sgds crin
crin (ouhu
(ouhukfi
kfik
k yikf tgrpmkffmr yikf bmdgtgfcrmdik
sgds yikf egehihmtdik eunut bik birm fc fcnc
nckf
kfik
ik pgnipgniji
jirr tmtmbi
bid
d
init sunmt
sunmt siji)
siji) bgkfik
bgkfik ikffipi
ikffipik k pikbim. Egeikbik
Egeikbikfdikfdik smstge
smstge
hioiwi mi3rmkfik3 bik tmbid idik pgkbmbmdik mkm yikf nghmo emkit bik
egkyghihdik dgoiemnik. egehg
eg ehgrm rm pg
pgroi
roitmi
tmikk nghmo
nghmo dgpibi
dgpibi
- Eini
Ei nio,
o, ibi
ibi yf bmrcbmrcfc
fcnn dg
dgri
riki
ki pgnijir pikbim, pgnijir yikf durikf
tg
tgrrtm
tmp
pu fcnckfik hgrifiei. pikbim mkm egk`irm bik `uhi uktud
Idohir Egtrc (97/9/8<9?) fibms 92 egkbgdit
egkb gditmm idtmvmtm
idtmvmtm itiu duepuni
duepunik k
ti
tiou
ouk k bm
bmrc
rcfc
fcnn meie
meie yikf
yikf mkfm
mkfmk
k yikf eg egehehgr
grmm pgro
pgroit
itmi
mik
k bikbik
egehiktu
egeh iktukyi
kyi bm hgiuacrt.
hgiuacrt. Dckck
Dckck pgkfocreitik uktud egrgdi.
egeh
eg ehikiktu
tu utd
utd urus
urusik
ik didiow
owmkmk,, - Bm smtunio hgreunikyi pgkfnmhitik
nist8 bmtmpu bik bmrcfcn. pgniji
pgnijirr dudurik
rikf
f pikbi
pikbimm mkm
mkm binie
binie
- idtmvm
idtmvmtm
tm fifikfs
kfstgr
tgrmse
msegg bi
bikk dckfsm
dckfsm
fgnip bm eiki bm smtu egrgdi tmibi
b) FIKF
FIKFPR
PRGX
GXMP
MPEG
EG tgdi
tgdiki
kik k uktu
uktudd hgni
hgniji
jirr eini
einio o

99
 nghmo dgpibi
nghmo dgpibi idtmv
idtmvmtm
mtm hgramz
hgramzmdi
mdinn egrgdi
egrg di tgrntgrnmh
mhit
it bini
binie
e idtmv
idtmvmtmtmm
yikf egkfgehmridik
egkfgehmridik egrgdi. yikf
yikf tm tmbi
bidd hgra
hgraig
igbi
bioo sgpgrtm
- Pgdmrikyi birmpibi iwin fikfstgrmse.
pgrsgdcnioik pgnijir yikf durikf - Eijc
Ei jcrm
rmtm
tm pgni
pgniji
jirr yi
yikf
kf tgtgrj
rjgh
ghid
id
hgremkit bgkfik idibgemd binie fikfstgrmseg ibinio dgriki
bm
bmb
bgbio
gbiodi
dik
k bgkf
bgkfi ik idtmvmt
mvmtmm egrgdi egkbipit situ
sudik, tgdkmdin bik vcdismckin, dghi
dghikf
kffi fiik
ik bik bik pgkf
pgkfmd
mdtm
tmri
riai
aikk

subio tgktu pgnijir eiepu yikf tmb

yikf tmbid
id bmpgr
bmpgrcn
cngom
gom bm sgdcn
sgdcnio
io
egkjibm
egkj ibm `gegrnikf
`gegrnikf binie hmbikf eismkf-eismkf.
emkitm.
yikf egrgdi emkitm. - Pgpgrtm diti pgrm hioisi, egngktur
- Bm EinEiniy
iysmsmi
i, pgni nijjir sgsgdc
dcnnio hunuo hmirnio birmpibi rghukfkyi,
dg
dgri
rijjiik tmib
tmibii pmnmoik
oik uktu
uktudd hgfmtu
hgf mtuni
nioo jm
jmdi
di pg
pgnij
nijir
ir mkm
mkm bmbmbm
bmbmbmd
d
egem
eg emnm
nmo
o hmbi
hmbikf kf (t (tgd
gdkm
kmdi
dinn itiu
itiu egkfmdut hidit bik emkit egrgdi
vcdism
vcd ismcki
ckin)
n) yikf
yikf egrgdi
egrgdi emkitm
emkitm birmpibi iwin, subio pistm egrgdi
dgriki
dgriki sgeui
sgeui bmkmn bmkmnim
im bibik
k bmudu
bmudurr eiepu
eiep u egemnmo
egemnmo jinik ombup
ombup yikf
hgrbisirdik prgstism idibgemd. nghmo himd bik hgrfuki uktud bmrm
- \gktibhmrik sgdcnio, furu, pgnijir bik kgfiri.
bik sgeui
sgeui pmoidpmoid dgjir
dgjir egkfgji
egkfgjirr
uktu
uktudd egkj
egkjib ibmm juir
juiri.
i. Rgdi
Rgdiki
kik k g) @NWHHMKF
pgnhif
pgnhifimim pgpgkju
kjuru
ru ukuktud
tud egkji
egkjibm bm (hgromhur bm dgnih einie)
sgdcnio `gegrnikf, pgnijir
`gegrnikf, furu `gegrnikf
`gegrnikf omkffi - @nuhhmkf ibinio mstmnio dois ikid
egnupidik eitnieit utie
tiei eubi
eu bi yi yikf
kf hgre
hgreididsu
subb eini
einie e
pgkbmbmdik bik dgwujubik dghghisik, ecbgk, bik egtrcpcnms
sgdcnio. yikf
yik f egkji
egkjikjm kjmdik
dik sgeui
sgeui hgktud
hgktud
- Bm Einiysmi, tgrbipit =9 Pgdcnio dgfg
dgfgeh
ehmr mrii
iikk (\ (\gr
grbi
biki
ki,, 8<<2
8<<2).).
Egkgkfio Qcdismckin bik Egni
Eg ninu
numm `n
`nuh
uhhm
hmkf
kf,, tg
tgru
ruti
tiei
eikykyii
Pgdcnio Egkgkfio Rgdkmd. Juenio fcnckf
fcnckfikik eubi
eubi egk`ir
egk`irmm mbgktm
mbgktmtm
tm
mk
mkmm si
sikf
kfit
it rgrgkb
kbio
io hgrh
hgrhik
ikbm
bmkf
kf egrgd
eg rgdi,
i, bm si siki
ki egrgdi
egrgdi hghis,
hghis,
bgkfik
bgkf ik 7.<6 juti pgnijir
pgnijir sgdcnio
sgdcnio emkue indcocn bik egkirm omkffi
rgkbio bik egkgkfio bm Einiysmi. dg pif
pifm, dgeubm ubmik puniunikf dg
- \gnijir oirus bm bmhm
hmeh
ehmk
mkf
f bik
bik ruei
rueioo bgkf bgkfik
ik dg dgib
ibii
iik
k ngtm
ngtmo.
o.
bmhi
bmhikf
kfuk
ukdi
dik
k bini
biniee hmbi
hmbikf
kf-- Egni
Eg ninu
numm `n`nuh
uhhm
hmkf
kf egrg
egrgdi
di bipi
bipitt
hmbikf yikf egrgdi egepukyi egepukyimm egk`irm ridik uktud egngpid.
hidit
hid it bik emkit.
emkit. Egnin
Egninum
um smstge
smstge - Xmkf
Xmkfdidiskskyi
yi,, idtm
idtmvm
vmtm
tm `n
`nuh
uhhm
hmkf
kf
pgkb
pgkbmb
mbmd
mdik
ik yi yikf
kf pgnh
pgnhif
ifim
im bik
bik ibinio hifm egk`irm dgsgrckcdik,
hudi
hudikk hgrb
hgrbi isi
sird
rdi
ik prgst
rgstis
ismm dghghisi
dghg hisik k sgrti
sgrti egkfomni
egkfomnikfdi
kfdikk
idibgemd bik pgpgrmdsiik strgss.
sgeiti-ei
sgei ti-eititi eiepu
eiepu egniomrd
egniomrdikik - Emkue irid: egngpisdik bmrm birm
pgnijir
pgnijir yikf hgrdinm
hgrdinmhgr,
hgr, hgrhidit
hgrhidit egemd
eg emdmrd
mrdik
ik eisin
eisinioio.. Bmikf
Bmikffi fip
p
bik hgrdghcngoupiyiik. sghifim jinik pgkygngsimik.
- Pmstge pgkbmbmdik yikf - Hgrfiun hghis iktiri ngnidm
hgrpgnhifim
hgrpgnhif im mkm eiepu egkbcrckf pgrgepuik. \grfgridik yikf tmbid
pg
pgni
niji
jirr bi
birm
rm pgrm
pgrmkf
kfdi
ditt iwin
iwin nifm
nifm tgrhit
tgrhitis.
is. Hgrpi
Hgrpidim
dimik
ik egk`cn
egk`cncd cd
egkfgkinm bmrm bik hidit egrgdi. eiti.
\gnijir yikf egepukyim - @nuhh
@nuhhmkfmkf subio
subio sikfi
sikfitt smsmkck
kckme
me
dg
dgsg
sgbi
biririk
k bm bmrm
rm birm
birm pgrm
pgrmkf
kfdi
ditt bgkf
bgkfikik dgomdgombu
bupi
pikk eisyeisyiririd
idit
it
iwin
iw in idik
idik egkfegkfgngnid
iddi
dikk bmrm
bmrm egtrtrc
cpcnmtik. Hudik sioiji

98
 egkjibm sghioifmik birmpibi fiyi Euooieib)
Euooie ib) tgktik
tgktikff „in
„in-Do
-Doie
ier―
r― bi
bik
k
om
ombu
bup,
p, tgtgti
tipm
pm jufi
jufi egkj
egkjib
ibmm `iri
`iri „jub
„jubm―
m―.. Diti
Ditidi
dikn
knio
io:: „\
„\ib
ibi
i dgdgbu
bui-
i-
uktud hgrscsmin (ikid eubi buikyi
bui kyi mtu tgrbi
tgrbipit
pit bcsi
bcsi hg
hgsir
sir bik
hgrduepun, egngpid hudik nifm bm hghgripi eikaiit hifm eikusmi, idik
einn, tipm jufi bm dgnih einie). tgtipm bcsi dgbui-buikyi nghmo hgsir
- @nuhhmkf sgktmisi bmdimtdik birmpibi eikaiitkyi.―
bgkf
bgkfik
ik euzm
euzmdd yi
yikf
kf du
duit
it yiyikf
kf

hc
hcng
ngo
o egeh
egehui
uitt crik
crikf
f ngdi
ngdi bik
bik
ninim.  Mh
Mhku
ku Weir
Weir XI,
XI, egky
egkyghghut
ut hioi
hioiwi
wi
Hifmk
Hif mkbi
bi Xisun
Xisununn
unnio
io hgrsih
hgrsihbibi yikf
yikf
hgreidsub: „Pgtmip hioik yikf
a) \gky
\gkyin
inio
iofu
fuki
kiik
ik bibi
bibio
o& egeihuddik minio doier bik sgfini
mkoingk yikf
yikf egei
egeihuhudd
ddik
ik ibin
ibinio
io oiri
oirie.
e.
Pgsmip
Pgsmipii egemk
egemkue
ue irid
irid bm bukmi
bukmi mkm
bik eitm binie egemkuekyi bik tmbid
\gkyiniof
\gkyin iofuki
ukiik
ik bi bibio
bio itiu
itiu hi
hioik
oik
egec
eg ecoc
ockk dgie
dgiepu
puki
kik,
k, tmtmbi
bid
d idik
idik
tgrnirikf
tgrnirikf egnmhitd
egnmhitdikik pgrnidui
pgrniduik k yikf
bipit egemkuekyi bm idomrit.―
hgru
hgruni
nikf
kf-u
-uni
nikf
kf itiu
tiu pgkf
pgkffu
fuki
kiik
ik
bibio yikf hgrnghmoik. \ibi
\uk`i:
dghmisii
dghm isiikkyi
kkyi mi idik egkbitik
egkbitikfdik
fdik
pg
pgri
risi
siik
ik fg fgeh
ehmrmri
i egni
egniep epiu
iu itiu
itiu Rgdikik ombup.
dgtifmo hgrtujuik nirm birmpibi \gkfiruo ridik sghiyi
dgkyitiik. Durikf pgkfoiyitik ifiei
Mk
Mkfm
fmk
k egk`
egk`uh
uhi
i / tg
tgrm
rmdu
dut8
t8 /
 Egkfmdut stitmstmd IIBD, sgpikjikf suisiki
suis iki sgei
sgeisi
si `cktc
`cktcokyi
okyi
Jikui
Jik uirm
rm omk
omkffi
ffi PgpPgptge
tgehgrhgr 8<
8<96,
96, bm dgnih einie.
sgju
sgjuen
enio
io 9, 9,60
609
9 pg pgni
niji
jirr sg
sgdc
dcni
nioo
Dgsik
egkgkfio
egkg kfio pcsmt
pcsmtma
ma bibi
bibio o egkgr
egkgrusm
usm
pgni
pg nids
dsik
ikii
iikk ujmi
ujmikk si
sirmrmkf
kfik
ik imrimr  Pgeisi
Pgei si egkf
egkfie
iehmhmnn bibi
bibio,
o,
dgk`
dgk`mk
mkff tg
tgro
roib
ibip
ip 0101,1
,112
12 pgpgni
niji
jirr pgkifmo bibio idik egkfiniem
sgnuruo kgfiri. dgsik
dgsi k guacrmi
guacrmi sgrti
sgrti egkfini
egkfiniem em
oi
oinu
nusmk
smkis
ismm (risi
(risi doiyi
doiyin),
n), bi
birm
rm
sgfm amamsm
smc
cncfm
cfm pgk
pgkifmofmo idik

 Msnie hgfmtu tgfis egk`gfio egkfin

egkf inie
iemm pgkm
pgkmkf
kfdi
diti
tik
k sg
sgnn
birio
rio putmtmoo bik pirisris funi
uni
pgkyini
pgky iniofuk
ofukiikiik bibio
bibio dgriki
dgriki kijms
kijms
binie
binie birio,dg
birio,dgeusk
euskioik
ioik ctct-
bibio
bib io bm bmmst
mstmni
mniodi
odikk sghif
sghifim
im sgsuit
sgsuituu
ctc
tctt bik
bik pgkmgkmkfd
fdi
iti
tikk su
suo
ou
yikf egngeiodik (eudoibmr)4 sgsuitu
hibik.
yikf egeihuddik (euatm
tmrr) bik
sgsuitu yikf egkfidmhitdik
 pgki
pgkifm fmo
o bibi
bibio o dghi
dghiyi
yidd
ddik
ik
sgsgcrikf tmbid sgbir (eusidmr). Nghmo
bmdi
dimmtd
tdik
ik bgkfik
fik pgky
kyiidm
dmtt
tgpit
tgp it nifm,
nifm, bibirm
rm sgfm
sgfm hm
hmcnc
cncfmk
fmkyiyi kijms
kijms
psmdcsms (tmbid smueik),
bibi
bibio o tg tgre
reisisud
ud bini
binie
e pgrd
pgrdititii
iikk
dgrcsidik ctid bik
sgsuitu yikf egeihuddik mtu oirie
dgtmbidstihmnik gecsm. Cngo oin
(in-Doier).
yikf
yik f bgemdm
bgemdmik,
ik, egrgd
egrgdii idik
idik
tg
tgrb
rbcr
crckckff uktu
uktud d egegni
nidu
dudi
dikk

Purio in-Hiqirio iyit 89= hgreidsub: pgrdiri bm nuir jikfdiik sgpgrtm
„Egrgdi
„Egrgdi hgrtikyi
hgrtikyi dgpibi-E
dgpibi-Euu (Vioim
(Vioim
egrce
egr cepidpid,eg
,egrif
rifut,
ut, egrcf
egrcfcn,
cn,

90
 bik egehukuo bik sg
sgdc
dcni
nio
o rgkb
rgkbio
io bik
bik egkgk
gkgkfi
fio
o bm
egkmkfditdik
egkmkfditdik dibir hgrnidukyi
hgrnidukyi sgnuruo kgfiri.
eisinio scsmin.
 Pihbi Xisununnio PIV yikf
 egehiw
egeh iwii dgdgpi
pibi
bi pgki
pgkifm
fmo
o hgreidsub: "Rmbid
"Rmbid idik hgrfikjid bui
dgpibi rmsmdc bmjikfdmtm tipid
tipid dinm
dinm eikus
eikusmi
mi pi
pibi
bi oi
oirm
rm dmieit
dmieit
OMQ/IMBP, ogpitmtms bik siwik. sgomkffi
sgomkffinid
nid bmi bmscin
bmscin tgktikf
tgktikf gepit
gepit

Oin mkm bgemdmik dgriki, egrgdi pgrdiri. Egkfgkim ueurkyi

egkf
eg kffu
fuki
kidi
dikk init
init suktsuktmd
mdik
ik dgei
dgeikikidi
dio o bmoi
bmoihm
hmsd
sdik
ik ueur
ueurkykyi3
i3
yikf bmdckfsm bgkfik pgkifmo Egkfgkim mneukyi, ipidio yikf subio
nimk. Hifm mhu yikf egkfikbukf bmnidudik bgkfik mneukyi3 Egkfgkim
idik
idi k egehi
egehiwi wi rmsmd
rmsmdc
c sgpgrt
sgpgrtmm oirtik
oir tikyi,
yi, bibirm
rm suehg
suehgrr eikidi
eikidio o bm
bmi
i
dgfu
dgfufufuri
rik,
k, dikb
dikbuk
ukfi
fikk yikf
yikf pgrcngom bik jinik eikidio bmi
tmbid stihmn, `i`it itiu eitm. hgni
gnikjid
idik
ik33 Bik tg
tgk
kti
tik
kf tu
tuh
huo
hibi
hibikkkkyi
yi,, ipid
ipidioio yi
yikf
kf tg tgni
nio
o bmi
bmi
 Mkoinik
Mkoinik bmdgki
bmdgkinm
nm jufi
jufi sghifi
sghifimm hioik
hioik nidudik3" (Oibms Oisik Piomo rmwiyit
om
ombu
buik
ik ititiu
iu sgbu
sgbutitik
k ibin
ibinio
io hioi
hioik
k Rmremzm)
eubio
eubi o egruip
egruip (vcnitmn
(vcnitmng)
g) yikf bmombu
itiu bmsgbut uktud egkmehundik dgsik
psmdcidtma itiu egrikfsikfdik \uk`i:
pgruhioik emkbi. (Ombu fie)  dur
uriikf hgrem
remkit tg
tgro
roib
ibiip
pgkf
pgkfijijir
irik
ik bik
bik pgni
pgniji
jiri
rik
k bm
Dgsik: sgdcnio.
 egeg
eg egkt
ktmk
mkfd
fdik
ik dgsg
dgsgrcrckc
kcdi
dik
k
 Dgtmbideiepuik uktud hgramdmr
Dgtmbideiepuik
bi
birmp
rmpib
ibii pg
pgnij
nijiri
irik
k (egng
(egngpid
pid
sg`iri ncjmd bik wiris.
tept omhurik).
 Dgngtmoik
 tidut bmbgkbi, furu yikf
 Fikffuik gecsm
firikf, einu, bik sghifimkyi.
 Durikf hgrit hibik
 Hgdgrji siehmnik.
 egehiwi dgpibi pgkffukiik
bibio yikf nghmo sgrmus sgpgrtm
fikji bik ogrcmk Dgsik:
 Dgri
Dgri`u
`uki
kik/
k/dg
dgtc
tcds
dsmd
mdik
ik ctct
tct
 \gehizmrik eisi bik tgkifi
jiktukf yikf egkyghihdik
bgkyutik jiktukf egkyghihd ik
egkjibm tmbid  Eisi bgpik tmbid tgrjiemk.
kcrein itiu „irroytoemi―  Egkjgjisdik prgstism
pgehgnijirik.
 Eisyiridit egeikbikf
sgrckf.
f) \cktgkf

o) Pm
Pmhg
hgrr Pgd
Pgds
 \cktgkf sgdcnio
\cktgkf sgdcnio egk`ititd
egk`ititdik
ik rgdc
rgdcb b
tg
tgrt
rtmk
mkff
ffmm bini
binie
e sisini
nio
o nidu
nidu bmsm
bmsmpn
pnmk
mk
 PGDP smhgr itiu sgx sgx tgtgxt
xtmk
mkf
f
pgnijir sgdcnio sgpikjikf tiouk 8<96.
ibin
ibinio
io pgrh
pgrhui
uiti
tik
k egni
egnidu
dudi
dikk
ouhu
ouhukf
kfik
ik dcdceu
eukm
kmdi
dism
sm bgkf
bgkfikik
 Egktgtgrrm \gkbmbmdik, Bitud
tud Pgrm
sgcr
sgcrik
ikf
f yikf
yikf nimk
nimk,, (s
(sie
iei
i jgkm
jgkmss
Eiobzmr Doinmb hgrditi mi egnmputm 9.2
pg
pgri
ritu
tuss hg
hgrs
rsie
ieii
iik
k 16,<
16,<70
70 pgni
pgniji
jirr it
itiu
iu hgrn
hgrnim
imki
kik
k jgkm
jgkms)
s),, egni
egninu
numm
pgriktiri
pgriktiri egbmi
egbmi mktgrkgt,
mktgrkgt, bgkfik
bgkfik
birm
birmpi
pibi
bi oiep
oiepmr
mr nm
nmei
ei juti
juti pgni
pgniji
jirr

92
 egkfoi
egkf oikt
ktir
ir egsg
egsgjj yikf
yikf nu`i
nu`io,
o, bmfu
bmfuki
kidi
dikk ibin
ibinio
io di
diuk
uksg
sgnm
nmkf
kf
siei ibi binie hgktud iyit bik mkbm
mkbmvm
vmbu
bu,, diuk
diuksg
sgnm
nmkf
kf dgnc
dgncep
epcd
cd,,
ouru
ourua,
a, bik
bik hgrs
hgrsie
ieii itiu
itiu tm
tmbi
bid
d diuksg
diu ksgnm
nmkf
kf dgnuir
dgnuirfifi,, ecbmam
ecbmamdis
dismm
bg
bgkf
kfik
ik actc
actc yikf
yikf egegeh
ehgr
grmd
mdik
ik tmkfdio nidu bik riwitik
eidki nu`io. dgtifmoik smhgr.

 Ouhukfik sg`iri eiyi mkm m) Puehikf Ei

Eiorie

bmnidudik hifm egkbipit

dgpuisik
dgpu isik sgdsuin
sgdsuin sg`iri
sg`iri aiktism
aiktism  \grhui
\grh uiti
tik
k zm
zmki
ki yikf
yikf bmni
bmnidu
dudi
dik
k
hifmm situ
hif situ pmoid
pmoid itiu
itiu dgbui
dgbui-bu
-bui
i cngo sgsgcrikf yikf ibi pgrtinmik
pmoid. (Oiok, Oirngy4 9==1). birio/ki
birio/kisih
sih (dgturuki
(dgturukik)
k) bgkf
bgkfik
ik
eikfsi.@cktcokyi, iyio egrcfcn
 Bmnidudik bm inie eiyi. Bmnidudik ikid, bitud egrcfcn `u`u, ihikf
hi
hifm
fm egkb
egkbip
ipit
it dgpu
dgpuis
isik
ik sgds
sgds egrcfcn ibmd bik sghifimkyi.
sg
sg`i
`iri
ri aik
aiktis
tism. Hcngo bmmmmd
dutm
utm
bg
bgkf
kfik
ik pg
pgrh
rhui
uiti
tik
k ckik
ckikmm Egsg
Egsgjj  Dgtukbudik tgroibip oiwi kiasu
yikf bmhgrmdik hcngo jibm hgrp
hgrpuk
uk`i
`i birm
birmpi
pibi
bi dgng
dgngei
eioi
oikk
bmsgrtidik bgkfik actc. id
idmb
mbi
io bik dg dgmmeik
eikik ididmh
mhi
it
dgjiomnik tgroibip iyit-iyit Innio,
 \uk`
\uk`i
i bm
bmsg
sghi
hihd
hdik
ik bukm
bukmi
i tikp
tikpi
i dgjiomnik tgroibip oudueik Innio
sgepibik jinur nghir. bik dgjiomnik tgroibip
ti
tik
kffu
ffukfji
fjiwih bik ieik
eikio
 \gkffukii
\gkffu kiik k tgngac
tgngack
k hme
hmehmt
hmt yikf
yikf tg
tgro
roib
ibi
ip Innio.
io. Dgtutukkbud
udik
ik
egnu
eg nuis
is mimt
mimtu
u dm
dmri
ri-d
-dmr
mri
i 92.8
92.8 jutijuti tgroibip oiwi kiasu
pgkffuki bm kgfiri mkm pibi tiouk t iouk egky
eg kygh
ghih
ihdi
dikk ei eikukusm
smi
i tg tgrn
rnup
upi
i
ninu bgkfik 0< pgritus smipi
smipidio
dio yikf
yikf egkji
egkjibm
bm eikfsi
eikfsi
bi
birm
rmpi
pibi
biky
kyii rgei
rgeijiji hiwi
hiwio o 97 sieibi ikid sgkbmrm, `u`u sgkbmrm
ti
tiou
ouk,k, egru
egruem emtd
tdik
ik nifm
nifm usio
usioi i itiu smipi sioiji.
egehg
ege hgkbu
kbukfkf fgfgjin
jini
i pcrkc
pcrkcfrifriam
am
(Wtusik Einiysmi,9===).
Einiysmi,9===).  Pihbi
Pihb i Xisu
Xisunununn
nnio
io PIV
PIV : Oibm
Oibms
s
Ihu Ourimrio XI. hgrditi hioiwi
 dgsik ouhukfik mktgrpgrsckin mimtu Xisununn
Xisu nunnio
io PIV hgrsihbi
hgrsihbi : Rmbid
du
duri
rikf
kfky
kyi
i dc
dceu
eukm
kmdi
dism
sm bini
binie
e hgrzmki sgcrikf pgkzmki
dgnuirfi
dgnuirfi bik pgrouhuk
pgrouhukfik
fik scsmin
scsmin sgbikfdi
sgbi kfdik k dgtmdi
dgtmdi hgrzmki
hgrzmki mtu bmi
bgkfik crikf nimk. Dgsik tgroibip eism
ei smo
o hgrm
hgrmei
eik,k, tmtmbi
bid
d egk`
egk`ur
urmm
gecsm puni idik tmehun risi sgcrikf pgk`urm sgbikfdik dgtmdi
dgsukymik bik risi dgsgcrikfik, egk`
eg k`ur
urmm mt
mtu
u bmi
bmi eism
eismoo hgrm
hgrmei
eik,
k,
egkfiniem strgss bik tmbid sgksmtma tmbid emkue irid sgcrikf
bgkfik pgrisiik crikf nimk. pgemkue irid sgbikfdiksgbikfdik dgtmdi
mtu bmi eismo hgrmeik.
 Xgeiji
Xgei ji itiu
itiu dn dnmg
mgk
k yikf
yikf tgrn
tgrnmh
mhit
it
pgrnu
pgrnu bmkmni
bmkmnimm tgrng
tgrnghm
hmoo bioun
biounu u hi
hifmfm  Eisinio gdckcem.
Eisinio gdckcem. Pmstge
Pmstge rueio
rueio
egkb
eg kbiipit
itdi
dik k bmifkc
fkcsmsms
s bik dcs rgkbio pibi eisi yikf ninu
pgkbgditi
pgkb gditik k riwitik
riwitik yikf sgsuimsgsuim yikf
yik f tmb
tmbid
id bmn
bmngk
gkfdi
fdipm
pm sgduri
sgdurikfkf--
hgrb
hgrbiisi
sird
rdi
ik dgpg
pgrn
rnu
uik hifm duri
durikf
kfky
kyii tm
tmfi
fi huio
huio hmnm
hmnmd
d hifm
hifm
egehi
ege hiktu
ktu dnmgk
dnmgk tgrsgh
tgrsghut.
ut. Jgk
Jgkmsms egemsiodik iktiri mhuhipi, ikid
riw
riwit
iti
ik yikf dg
dgh hmisi
siik
ikkkyi ngnidm bik pgrgepuik. Mkm
egkyghih
egky ghihdik
dik pgr`iepu
pgr`iepurik
rik yikf

97
 eunikyi bmikffip hmisi
egkyghihdik suisiki yikf tmbid
bmsikfdi-sikfdi.

 Rmbid egkutup iurit bik

hgrpi
hgrpidim
dimik
ik sgdsm
sgdsm egkygh
egkyghihd
ihdik
ik
kiasu ngnidm sgktmisi tgrikfsikf.

 Amreik Innio
Amreik Innio binie
binie surio
surio In-Kur
In-Kur
iy
iyit
it 8 yf hgr
hgreids
eidsu ub : \gkzmki
pgrgepuik bik pgkzmki ngnidm
eidi
ei di sgsghi
hitn
tnio
io dgdgbu
buii egrg
egrgdidi
bgki
bgkifkfk sgsgri
ritu
tuss sg
sghi
hiti
tik,
k, bik
bik
jikfik dieu egkiruo smepitm
dgtm
dgtmdi
di egni
egnids
dsik
ikid
idik
ik oudu
oudueieikk
Innio, jmdi dieu hgkir-hgkir
hgkir-hgkir
hg
hgrm
rmei
eik
k bgkf
bgkfikik Inni
Innio
o bik
bik oirm
oirm
idomrit, bik ogkbidnio bmsidsmdik
pgrnidsikiik
pgrnidsiki ik oudueikkyi
oudueikkyi cngo
sghioifmik crikf yikf hgrmeik.

 Innio egngtiddik ukbikf-ukbikf

ukbikf-ukbikf
bi
bikk ou
oudu
due
e Inni
Innio
o sghi
sghifi
fimm isis
isis
utiei pgehisemik jgkiyio.

 \gkfuitduisiik oudue Innio.

7.8 \WK@I EIPINIO

b) Egbmi
gbmi eissi
- \gkfiruo pgrsgdmtirik nuirik bik
pgkfir
pgk firuo
uo egbmi
egbmi eisieisi sgktmi
sgktmisi si
egehgktu
egeh gktud d pgrmnidu
pgrmnidu piri rgeiji
rgeiji
yi
yikf
kf eismeismo o egk
egkti tio.
o. \gnh
\gnhififim
im
bcrckfik durikf smoit bmpipirdik
egninum egbmi eissi bik
sgtgrusk
sgtg ruskyiyi egkyghih
egkyghihdik dik rgeiji
rgeiji
tg
tgrm
rmdu
dut-
t-md
mdut
ut bgkf
bgkfik ik pgkf
pgkfiriruo
uo
hgrd
hgrdgk
gkii
iik.k. Nikt
Niktir
irik
ik mt mtu
u, hifm
hifm
egeg
eg egkukuom
om pgri
pgrisi
siikik mkfm
mkfmkk ti tiou
ou
idmh
idmhit
it bgbi
bgbioi oikk pgrs
pgrsgdgdmt
mtir
irik
ik,,
egrgdi egriyiu-riyiu bm
dc
dcep
epng
ngdsds-d
-dce
cepn
pngd
gds s egeh
egehgn gnm-
m-
hgnio, pusit skudgr, pusit

pgreimk
pgreimkik
ik vmbg
vmbgc
c bik sghifimk
sghifimkyi
yi

91
 sgrti egkbcrckf dgpibi - Binie
Bini e tg
tgep
epco
co mkm,
mkm, rgei
rgeijiji euni
euni
pgrfiunik yikf durikf smoit. egkfuhio tmkfdio nidu, smdip bik
- Dgei
Dgeijjuik binie dceu
ceukmdi
kmdissm kmnim. Einioik, egkfuhio sgnuruo
egkfi
egk fidmh
dmhitd
itdik
ik rgeij
rgeijii tgrbgb
tgrbgbio
io `iri ombup birmpib
birmpibii inie
inie dikid-
dikid-
dgpibi pgkfiruo kgfitma. diki
dikid d dgpi
dgpibi
bi inie
inie yikf
yikf nghm
nghmo
o
\gkfiruo
\gkf iruo kgfitma mkm bipit
bipit bmnmoit
bmnmoit eititik
kf bik bgwisi. Zieik
birmpibi eijinio-eijinio omhurik, rgeiji
rgei ji ibinio
ibinio tgepco
tgepco dgombupi
dgombupik k

hudu
hud u yikf
yikf egkfi
egkfikbu
kbukfm
kfm ukuksur
sur-- yikf bmsgnuhukfm oiripik, `ihirik
uksur nu`io sgrti ribmdin, bik dgtgfikfi
dgtgfikfik. k. Egkfmdut
Egkfmdut dijmik
dijmik
tgngvmsygk bik tiyikfik-tiyikfik yikf
yik f bmhui
bmhuitt ibi tmf
tmfii aidtcr
aidtcr yikf
yikf
am
amng
nge
e hihiri
rit.
t. Egbm
Egbmi i eiss
eissi i nghm
nghmo
o pgkyuehi
pgky uehikf kf dgpibi
dgpibi dgtgfikfi
dgtgfikfik k
egkfutieidik omhurik, binie zieik rgeiji mimtu
dgfik
dgf ikisi
isikk bibik
k aiktis
aiktismm dcsck
dcsckf.f. pgruhioik amzmdin yikf `gpit bik
Hioik-hioik mkm egkbcrckf smdip pgk`ipim
pgk` ipimik
ik dgeitikfi
dgeitikfik k jiktmki
jiktmki,,
kgfitma. dgbubudik rgeiji sghifim
- Pgfgnmktmr prcfrie bik eiku
ei kussmi pmk
mkf
ffmrik
rik (eik
(eiku usm
smi
i
briei yikf eirfmkin) bik dgpgrnuik
egeipirdik pgrfiunik egkygbmidik bmrm uktud egeisudm
hg
hghihis
s bi
bini
niee dini
dinikf
kfikik rgei
rgeiji
ji,, bukmi bgwisi.
prcfrie rginmtm tgngvmsygk, - Diwik-diwik egkjibm crikf yikf
sg
sgrt
rti
i ri
rik`
k`ik
ikfi
fikk yi
yikf
kf hgrs
hgrsma
mait
it ripi
ripitt bgkf
bgkfik ik egrg
egrgdidi.. Diwi
Diwik k
omhurik sgeiti-eiti yi
yikf
kf himd
himd,, hcng
hcngoo egeh
egehme mehmhmkf
kf
egepgkfiruom
egepgkfiru om dgruktuoik idonid egrgd
eg rgdii dgpib
dgpibi i dghim
dghimdik
dik,, kkieu
ieuk k
piri rgeiji. jmdi tgrsmnip egemnmo
egemnmo diwik,
@cktcokyi, `crid pgrfiunik rgeij id
idik
ik egep
egepg gkfi
kfiruom
ruom egrg
egrgdi di
i yikf jiuo birm kmnim-kmnim dg
dgpi
pibi
bi pgrd
pgrdir iri-
i-pg
pgrd
rdir
iri
i yi
yikf
kf
dgtmeurik
dgtme urik,, `iri hgrpidim
hgrpidimik
ik yikf hurud.
huru d. Pgnimk
Pgnimk mtu smdip
smdip rgeiji
rgeiji yf
durikf scpik bik fiyi ombup yikf tgrninu eubio egepgr`iyim ridik
egkfmdut `iri hirit. egrgdi turut egkyuehikf
dgpibi fgjini scsmin,
g) \gkf
\gkfir
iruo
uo ri
ridi
dikk - @cktcokyi, jmdi egrgdi
- Xidik sghiyi egrupidik egrisidik ridik-
pg
pgkf
kfir
iruo
uo yikf
yikf pinm
pinmkf
kf duit
duit bik
bik ridik egrgdi nghmo ripit bik nghmo
hcngo egruh
hcngo egruhio io `cr
`crid
id dgomb
dgombupi
upikk egeioiem, bgkfik eubio
sg
sgsg
sgcr
crik
ikff di
dikkid
id-d
-diikid iti
itiu egrgdi
egrg di idik egkfmdut
egkfmdut ipi yikf
rg
rgei
eiji ji yi yikf
kf hcng
hcngo o egkf
egkfit itis
ismm bmnidudik cngo ridik-ridik. Binie
pgkfiruo bik duisi mhu hipi. dgib
dgibiiiik
k mkm
mkm riei
rieimm piri
piri rgei
rgeiji
ji
- \uk`i
\uk` i dgruktuo
dgruktuoik ik idonid
idonid rgeiji
rgeiji tgrjgrueus dg binie fgjini scsmin.
mkm, iktirikyi minio eubio tgrmdut-
mdut bgkfik pgrikfim ridik a) Pgds hghghis
egrgdi. Zieik sgdirikf, rgeiji - Pgds hghis egrupidik situ
euni tgrbgbio dgpibi inie yikf pgrh
pg rhu
uit
iti
ik yiyikkf tgtgrd
rdut
utu
ud bik
nuis bm nuir rueio, einio pinmkf
pinm kf bmhgk`m
bmhgk`m bik bmeurdim
bmeurdim cngo
pg
pgrs
rsgd
gdmt
mtir
irik
ik mkm
mkm egkj
egkjibibmm ru
ruei
eioo Innio. Fgjini yikf tmbid hgrecrin
dgbui egrgdi. Xgeiji jufi mkm
mkm hgrn
hgrnid
idu
u bmsg
bmsghi
hihd
hdik
ik tg
tgrn
rnin
inu
u
egep
eg epg gni
nijjirm hikyi
ikyid d pgrdrdi
iri hghi
hghis s bini
binie
e pgrf
pgrfiu
iuni
nik
k ikti
iktiri
ri
bi
birm
rmpi
pibi
bi pgrspgrsgd
gdmt
mtir
irik
ik scsm
scsmin
in bm ngnidm bik pgrgepuik.
eiki mi egehgsir.

96
- Kmni
Kmnimm bik
bik hubi
hubiyiyi oomb
mbup
up hir
hirit
it juf
jufi
i
egru
eg rupi
pidi
dik
k aidt
aidtcr
cr hgrn
hgrnid
iduk
ukyiyi
dgrukt
dgr uktuoi
uoik
k idonid
idonid dikid
dikid-di
-dikid
kid
bik
bi k rgei
rgeijji. \gkfgkfiruo
ruo omb ombup
7.0 DGPIK
hub
hu biyi hirihiritt egkjikjibm md mdut
utiik
sgpgrtm pgr`iepurik hghis iktiri
ngnidm bik pgrgepuik yikf
DG\IBI BMXM
egehi
ege hiwi
wi eisini
eisinio o scsmi
scsminn yikf
yikf
tg
tgru
rudd bi
bik
k tmib
tmibi
i hiti
hitisi sik
k bini
binie
e
Ispgd eisyiridit:
eisyiridit:
ouhukf
ouh ukfik
ik yikf
yikf egkfid
egkfidmh mhitd
itdik
ik
tgrji
tgrjibmk
bmkyi
yi eisini
eisinioo idoni
idonidd yikf
yikf  mkbmvmbu idik bmpikbikf omki cngo
tgrud. eisyiridit sgdgnmnmkf
- Dgeu
Dgeuk` k`un
unik
ik pgkf
pgkfir
iruouo hgrs
hgrsgrgrck
ckcd
cd  eisyiridit tmbid nifm egkyikju
egkyikjukf
kf
egkfmdut oiwi kiasu bik mkfmkdik idonid bik dgpgrmhibmik mkbmvmbu
dg
dgeg
egwwioik
oik bukm
ukmi egehi
ehiwi  eisyiridit idik sgktmisi
dgpibi dgruktuoik idonid rgeiji hgrprisikfidi
hgrprisikfi di hurud tgroibip
yikf sudidik
sudidik dgpibi
dgpibi pgrfiuni
pgrfiunik k mkbmvmbu
hg
hghi
hiss bi
bikk dgsg
dgsgrc
rckckcdi
dik
k bukm
bukmii
bgkfik
bgkf ik egkfgkgp
egkfgkgpmdikmdik nikbisi
nikbisik k Ispgd gecsm bik
bik rcoikm :
ifiei binie dgombupik.
 Dgpgr`iyiik tgroibip mnniom sgrti
- Dijm
Dijmik
ik yi
yikf
kf bmni
bmnidu
dudi
dikk cng
cngo
o dgtidutik binie egnidudik
Wkmvgrsmtm \gksynvikmi egkukjuddi
egkukjuddi
pgrhuitik yikf bmnirikf cngo Innio
k tg
tgrb
rbip
ipit
it nghm
nghmoo duri
durikf
kf 2<<,
2<<,<<
<<<
<
idik sgeidmk egkmpms
rgeiji
rgei ji bmhiwio
bmhiwio ueur bm Iegrmdi Iegrmdi
 Rmbid wujub pgrisiik tidut
yikf hgrdgrji sghifim pgni`ur.
tgroibip hinisik yikf idik
- Xgei
Xgeiji ji dmkm
dmkm hgri
hgrikf
kffi
fipi
pikk hioi
hioiwi
wi
bmtgrmei itis pgrhuitik yikf
sgds mkm ibinio situ pgrdiri yikf
bmnidudik bik dgeurdiik Innio
gktgkf bik tmbid pgrnu
bmsghihdik tgroibip pgrhuitik
bmpgrhgs
bmpg rhgsirdik
irdik.. Kihm Euoieeib
Euoieeib
hgrdgkiik.
hg
hgrs
rsih
ihbi
bi bini biniee sghusghuio
io oibm
oibms
s
 sgktmisi egkfiniem tgdikik
yikf
yik f bmr
bmrmw
mwiy
iyitd
itdik
ik cngo
cngo Hudoi
Hudoirm
rm
pgrisiik bik gecsm bik pistmkyi
bini
biniee si siom
omok
okyi
yi „I „Idi
dik
k euk`
euk`un
un
tmbid wujub dgbieimik bmbinie
birmpibi ueitdu
yikf egkfoinindik Zmki, oitm
sutgri hifm ngnidm, emkueik Ispgd dgsmoitik:
dgsmoitik:
irid bik nifu-nifu yikf
egninimdik―.  \gkyidmt hgrjikfdmt bik
egrhioiyi sgrtm IMBP, Ogpgtgtms
H, Diksgr bik OMQ

DG\IBI DGNWIXFI

 Dgruktuoik mkstmtusm dgdgnuirfiik

 Eisi bgpik ikid-ikid idik
tgrhmir bik tmbid tgrpgnmoir
tgrpgnmoiri.
i.

9?
  Ikid-ikid idik omnikf tgepit 7.7 \GK]GNGPIMIK E
EIIPINIO
hgrfiktukf bik hgreikji.
hgreikji.
 Vujubkyi eisinio-eisinio scsmin
yikf nimk sgpgrtm hubiyi ngpid,
i) \G
\GXI
XIKI
KIK
K MH
MHW
W HI\I
HI\I
dgtifmoikbibio,
pgni`urik, pgrjubmik, ouhukfik
sgsiei jgkms bik eisinio- egkfgtioum bik egkfgkin pistm
eisinio yikf bmoibipm cngo ikid
eisinio yikf nimk. egrgdi

 Mhu hipi egkjibmdik bmrm egrgdi

sghifim `cktco tgrhimd uktud ikid-
DG\IBI EIP]IXIDIR ikid egrgdi

 Eisyiridit bm kgfiri mkm Mhu hipi jufi pgrnu egkygdit

idik egkjibm pcrid-pgrikbi,
pcrid-pgrikbi, dghghisik ikid-ikid binie
hgrpg`io-hgnio
hgrpg`io-hg nio bik tmbid hgrsitu- pgrfiunik.
pibu.
 \grisiik hurud bik prisikfdi egkfgtioum ridik-ridik ikid
pistm idik wujub egrgdi bik sgktmisi egeistmdik
binie eisyiridit. ikid-ikid egrgdi hgrdiwik bik
 Pmait sinmkf `urmfi-egk`urmfim
`urmfi-egk`urmfim idik hgrfiun bgkfik egrgdi yikf
hgrtioti bm oitm eisyiridit. egepukyim dgbubuddik ecrin
 Vujubkyi pgrfibuoik binie yikf himd.
eisyiridit .
 Msu-msu pgrdiueik idik wujub egehgrmdik dgyidmkik,
sgikbimkyi pgrfibuoik mkm dghgrikmik, egwujubdik smdip
egnmhitdik iktiri bui diue. pcsmtma tgroibip eisinio, gecsm
bik dgputusik.

DG\IBI KGFIXI tmkfditdik pgkfoiyitik ikid-ikid

tgroibip pgkbmbmdik ifiei bik
 Kgfiri idik dgomnikfik kmnim-kmnimm eurkm
kmnim-kmni
fgkgrism bik dgpmepmkik pibi
eisi oibipik. Mhu hipi pgrnu egkgripdik kmnim-
 Dgrik`idik pgehikfukik kmnim bik gtmdi uktud egkfurusdik
eisi bgkfik himd
kgfiri idik tgrhiktut
 dgibiik gdckcem kgfiri jufi
egehgrmdik pgrikfsikf bik
sudir uktud hgrdgehikf
finidik dgpibi ikid-ikid uktud
dgriki wujubkyi fgjini scsmin hgrjiyi.
bik dgruktuoik idonid yikf
tmkffm bm dinikfik eisyiridit. Mhu hipi egnuikfdik hikyid
eisi uktud ikid-ikid
tgrutieikyi pibi oujukf emkffu

bik hgrmibio hgrsiei-siei.

9=
 sgktmisi hgribi bm smsm ikid-ikid egkfuitdik sgeikfit mkbmvmbu mtu
dgtmdi ikid-ikid hgribi binie uktud tgrus egnidudik pgruhioik dg
dgsusioik irio yikf nghmo himd.
- Pgktmisi yidmk bmrm hioiwi izie
egkjibm ridik itiu pgkbgkfir yikf bmhmki mtu idik tgr`ipim bgkfik
yikf sgtmi uktud egkbgkfir bik `gegrnikf dg irio pgehgktudik bmrm
hgrdckfsm sgfini eisinio yikf yikf nghmo hgrbmsmpnmk.

bmoibipm ikid-ikid.
 Egkfieindik `iri ombup yikf smoit
(pcsmtma).

- Egnidudik idtmvmtm-idtmvmtm yikf

hgraigbio sgpgrtm hgrmibio hgrsiei
h) \GXI
\GXIKI
KIK
K MKB
MKBMQ
MQMB
MBW
W
dgnuirfi bik ridik-ridik.
- Egnidudik sgkieik sg`iri
Egkbgditdik bmrm dgpibi Ruoik.
smstgeitmd
- Egkfieindik pgeidikik yikf
- Pgktmisi egnidudik mhibio sgpgrtm
smoit uktud egkjiemk amzmdin bik
scnit, hgrzmdmr bik egehi`i In-
egktin yikf hgrduinmtm.
Yurik.
- Egkfomkbirm bmrm birmpibi tgrjghid
- Bipit egkmehundik risi mksia sgrti
rgkbio bmrm. bgkfik fgjini yikf tmbid smoit sgpgrtm
kijms bibio, sgds hghis bik
- Egk`uhi uktud egkfgnidd
egkfgniddik
ik bmrm
sghifimkyi.
birmpibi tgrnmhit bgkfik sghirikf
fgjini kgfitma itiu eisinio bmsmpnmk.

Pgktmisi egemkti bcrckfik birmpibi `) \GXIKIK PGDCNIO & FWXW

dgnuirfi, ridik-ridik bik pmoid
- Furu
Furu eg
egkj
kjib
ibmm rrid
idik
ik dgpi
dgpibi
bi eurm
eurmb-
b-
diuksgnmkf.
eurmb (eubio uktud soirg bik
hmk`ikf eisinio)
- Jikfik einu uktud hgrdckfsm
- sgdc
sgdcni
nio
o ege
egepg pgrhrhik
ikyi
yidd
ddik
ik idtm
idtmvm
vmtm
tm
eisinio.
yikf hgrtgrisdik idibgemd bik
- Nuiodik sgfini eisinio yikf
sgpiri idibgemd.
bminiem.
- Bipit egkfurikfdik eisinio itiu - egwu
egwujujubd
bdikik sm
smst
stge
ge pgru
pgrukb
kbik
ikfi
fik
k
bm sgdcnio uktud egeistmdik
hghik yikf bmtikffukf.
dgegkjibmik eurmb yikf
- Egkmkfditdik dgyidmkik bmrm bm
hgrbmsmpnmk
siepmkf bipit egripitdik nifm
ouhukfik iktiri situ siei nimk.
- Rmehun risi dismo siyikf sgrti b) \GXIKIK EGBMI EIPPI
sinmkf egeioiem pgrisiik sgsiei
egrgdi. - Egkm
Egkmkf
kfdi
ditd
tdik
ik dui
duinm
nmtm
tm sms
smstg
tge
e
dgsgnieitik sgbmi ibi
 Rgtipdik tirfgt itiu hmki situ izie tgrutieikyi yikf egnmhitdik
uktud egk`ipim dgombupik yikf nghmo pgkffukiik
pgkffuki ik mktgrkgt.
hgrduinmtm. - egki
egkipmpms
s iti
itiu
u egk
egkfufuri rikf
kfdi
dik
k

prcfrie tgngvmsygk yikf nghmo

- Izie yikf bmhmki bipit egegktmkfdik omhurik

8<
 - egkf
egkfdi
dijm
jm sg
sgeu
euni
ni di
dikb
kbuk
ukfi
fik8
k8
eijinio/idohir yikf egeipirdik
uksur pgkbgbioik yikf durikf
himd

g) \GXIKIK \GEME\MK &

DGXIJIIK

- Dgrj
Dgrjis
isie
iei i bgk
bgkfifik
k pmo
pmoid
id nuir
nuir itiu
itiu
eiki8 ifgksm uktud
egnidsikidik
egnidsikid ik idtmvmtm yikf
egnmhitdik rgeiji tgrutieikyi.
- egeh
egehikiktg
tgri
ris
s pgrs
pgrsgd
gdmtmtir
irik
ik yikf
yikf
durikf smoit
- egep
egepgrgrdi
disi
si prc
prcfr
frie
ie sgsgbm
bmi
i ibi
ibi
sgpgrtm \NDK
- egkf
egkfuuitd
tdui
uisi
si ukbi
kbikf8

89