Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 18 views

    The Probability of Union of Two Events

    Uploaded by

    ralfhreycarreon1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    The Probability of Union of Two Events

    Uploaded by

    ralfhreycarreon1
    18 views5 pages

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views5 pages

    The Probability of Union of Two Events

    Uploaded by

    ralfhreycarreon1

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    THE PROBABILITY OF UNION OF TWO EVENTS

    Union of two events- For any two events A and B, we define the new event
    A ∪ B, called the union of events A and B, to consist of all outcomes that are
    in A or in B or in both A and B. That is, the event A ∪ B will occur if either A
    or B occurs.
    Concepts:

    The probability of a union two events can be computed through the following:
    A. If two events have no common outcomes; P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)
    B. If two events have common outcomes; P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(A ∩ B)

    Complement of an Event
    The complement of an event is the set of all outcomes that are not in
    the event. This means that if the probability of an event, A, is P(A), then the
    probability that the event would not occur (also called the complementary
    event) is 1-P(A), denoted by P(A’). Thus, P(A’)=1-P(A).

    Examples:
    1. The Venn diagram below shows the probabilities of Grade 10 students
    joining either soccer (S) or basketball (B).

    B S
    0.4 0.3

    0.3
    a. What is the probability that the students join soccer? 0.3
    b. What is the probability that the students join basketball? 0.4
    c. What is the probability that the students did not join
    basketball or soccer? 0.3
    d. What is P(B∪S)?
    Formula: P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)
    P(B∪S)= 0.4+0.3 =0.7
    e. What is P(B∩S)= { }
    f. What is P(B’∩S’)?
    P(B’∩S’)= 1-P(B∪S)
    P(B’∩S’)= 1-( 0.4+0.3)
    = 1-0.7
    =0.3

    2. The Venn Diagram below shows the probabilities of grade 10 students


    joining either Singing contest (S) or Dancing contest (D).

    D S
    0.4 0.3 0.2

    0.1

    Use the Venn Diagram to find the probabilities.


    a. P(D)= 0.4+0.3= 0.7
    b. P(S)= 0.2+0.3= 0.5
    c. P(D∩S)= 0.3
    d. P(D∪S)
    Formula: P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)
    P(D∪S)= 0.4+0.3+0.2=0.9
    =0.9
    e. P(D’∩S’)
    Formula: P(A’∩B’)= 1-P(A∪B)
    P(D’∩S’)=1-P(D∪S)
    P(D’∩S’)=1-0.9
    =0.1

    3. The extracurricular activities in which the Grade 10 class are shown


    in a Venn
    diagram below.

    a. How many students are in the grade 10 class?


    38+30+10+51+8+137+4= 345
    b. How many students participate in athletics?
    A= 137
    c. How many students participate in drama?
    D= 38
    d. How many students participate in athletics?
    B=51
    e. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that
    the student participate in drama?
    P(D)= 38+30+10+4=82
    f. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that
    the student participate in Band?
    P(B)= 30+51+8+10=99
    g. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that
    the student participate in Athletics?
    P(A)= 137+4+8+10=159
    h. If a student is randomly chosen, what is the probability that
    the student participates only in drama and band?
    FORMULA: P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)
    P(D∪B)= P(D)+P(B)
    P(D)=38+30+10+4=82
    P(B)= 30+51+8+10=99
    P(D)+P(B)= 82+99=181
    P(D)+P(B)= 181
    i. P(D∪A)
    j. P(A∪B)
    k. P(D∪B∪A)
    P(D)= 38+30+10+4=82
    P(B)= 30+51+8+10=99
    P(A)= 137+4+8+10=159
    P(D∪B∪A)= 82+99+159= 340

    l. P(D∩B)= 30
    m. P(D∩A)= 4
    n. P(A∩B)= 8
    o. P(D∩B∩A)=10
    p. P(D’∩B’∩A’)= 67

    4. A bus goes through a certain route every day to take people to and from
    work. The probability of a rock hitting the windshield on any particular day is
    0.04. the probability of both events happening is 0.003. What is the
    probability that at least one of the events will happen on a particular day?
    Solution:
    Let R be the event of the windshield getting hit with with a
    rock.
    Let F be the probability of getting a flat tire. Then use the
    equation involving the union and intersection of two events:
    FORMULA: P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(A ∩ B)
    P(R)= 0.04
    P(F)= 0.05
    P(R ∩ F)= 0.003
    P(R∪F)= P(R)+P(F)-P(R ∩ F) (instead of using A or B,
    use the variable that has given by the statement)
    P(R∪F)= 0.04+0.05-0.003=0.087
    5. The probability that a college student passes a college algebra course is
    0.60 and the probability that he or she passes college statistics is 0.80. If the
    probability that he or she passes at least one of the two courses is 0.75, what
    is the probability that the student will pass both courses.
    Let A be the probability that student passes a college algebra.
    Let S be the probability that student passes statistic.
    (A∪S)= the probability that the student passes at least one of the
    courses.
    FORMULA: P(A∪B)= P(A)+P(B)-P(A ∩ B)
    P(A)= 0.60
    P(S)=0.80
    (A∪S)= 0.75
    P(A∪S)=P(A)+P(S)-P(A∩S) (instead of using A
    or B, use the variable that has given by the
    statement)
    Solution 1: P(A ∩ S)=P(A)+P(S)-P(A∪S)
    P(A ∩ S)=0.60+0.80-0.75
    =0.65
    Solution 2: P(A∪S)=P(A)+P(S)-P(A∩S)
    0.75=0.60+0.80-P(A∩S)
    -1.40+0.75=1.40-P(A∩S)-1.40
    -0.65=-P(A∩S)
    -1 -1

    You might also like