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    Medical Instruments 3

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    ISHMAEL VAII
    The document discusses the components and functions of a medical instrumentation system. It describes the key parts including the measurand, sensor, signal conditioning, and output display. It also discusses different modes of medical instrumentation systems such as direct-indirect, sampling-continuous, analog-digital, and real-time-delayed time.

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    Medical Instruments 3

    Uploaded by

    ISHMAEL VAII
    1 views6 pages
    The document discusses the components and functions of a medical instrumentation system. It describes the key parts including the measurand, sensor, signal conditioning, and output display. It also discusses different modes of medical instrumentation systems such as direct-indirect, sampling-continuous, analog-digital, and real-time-delayed time.

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    Medical Instrument STEM Education - Health And Medicine

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    medical instruments 3

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    The document discusses the components and functions of a medical instrumentation system. It describes the key parts including the measurand, sensor, signal conditioning, and output display. It also discusses different modes of medical instrumentation systems such as direct-indirect, sampling-continuous, analog-digital, and real-time-delayed time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views6 pages

    Medical Instruments 3

    Uploaded by

    ISHMAEL VAII
    The document discusses the components and functions of a medical instrumentation system. It describes the key parts including the measurand, sensor, signal conditioning, and output display. It also discusses different modes of medical instrumentation systems such as direct-indirect, sampling-continuous, analog-digital, and real-time-delayed time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    Subject: Medical Instrumentations

    Lecturer: MSc. Mohammed Tareq Fakhri


    Class: Second Class
    Academic year: 2023-2024
    Lecture: First lecturer

    Medical instrumentation System

    Every instrumentation system has at least some of the functional


    components shown in Figure (1). The primary flow of information is from left to
    right. Elements and relationships depicted by dashed lines are not essential. The
    major difference between this system of medical instrumentation and
    conventional instrumentation systems is that the source of the signals in living
    tissue or energy applied to living tissue.

    Fig. 1 generalized medical instrumentation system

    The sensor converts energy or information from the measurand to another form (usually
    electric).This signal is the processed and displayed so that humans can perceive the
    information. Elementsand connections shown bydashed lines are optional for some
    applications.

    E-mail:
    Subject: Medical Instrumentations
    Lecturer: MSc. Mohammed Tareq Fakhri
    Class: Second Class
    Academic year: 2023-2024
    Lecture: First lecturer

    Measurand
    Any quantity subject to measurement in the human body

     It may be Physical quantity, property, or condition that the system measures


     Accessibility: it may be internal, body surface, emanation from the
    body, ortissue sample
     Category: biopotential, pressure, flow, dimensions, displacement,
    impedance,temperature, and chemical concentration
     Localization: organ or anatomical structure

    Sensor
     Transducer (sensor) is a device that converts one form of energy to
    another(electric) , the transducer should be
    - Specific
    - Minimization of the extracted energy
    - Minimally invasive
     It consist of two parts Primary sensing element and variable
    conversionelement

    Signal Conditioning
    Amplification, filtering, impedance matching, A/D conversion, DSP, etc.

    Fig. 2 Example for Signal Conditioning

    E-mail:
    Subject: Medical Instrumentations
    Lecturer: MSc. Mohammed Tareq Fakhri
    Class: Second Class
    Academic year: 2023-2024
    Lecture: First lecturer

    Output Display
    It has many types

     Visual sense
    - Numerical or graphical
    - Discrete or continuous
    - Permanent or temporary
     Auditory sense
     Tactile sense

    Fig. 3 Examples of Output Display

    E-mail:
    Subject: Medical Instrumentations
    Lecturer: MSc. Mohammed Tareq Fakhri
    Class: Second Class
    Academic year: 2023-2024
    Lecture: First lecturer

    Auxiliary Elements
     Calibration

     Control and feedback

     Storage + Transmission

    Its system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and
    provides common services for computer programs in medical instrumentation
    devices. There are many modes that use in medical issue such as.

    Fig. 3 Examples of system modes

    E-mail:
    Subject: Medical Instrumentations
    Lecturer: MSc. Mohammed Tareq Fakhri
    Class: Second Class
    Academic year: 2023-2024
    Lecture: First lecturer

    Direct-Indirect Modes
     Accessible (noninvasive or invasive) direct mode
     Not accessible indirect mode
    - Cardiac output (CO) by Fick method, dye dilution, or thermodilution
    - Morphology of internal organs by X-ray shadows
    - Pulmonary volumes by thoracic impedance plethysmography

    Sampling and Continuous Modes

     Frequency content of the Measurand : temperature (sampling)


    or ECG(continuous)
     Objective of the measurement
     Condition of the patient
     Potential liability of the physician

    Generating and Modulating Sensors

     Generating sensor: measurand produces output from the energy taken


    directlyfrom itself, like photovoltaic cell.
     Modulating sensors: measurand alters the flow of energy from an
    externalsource, photoconductive cell

    Analog and Digital Modes

     Analog: continuous in time and continuous in amplitude.


     Digital: discrete in time and take only a finite number of different values
    - Greater accuracy
    - Repeatability
    - Reliability
    - Noise immunity
    - No periodic calibration
    - Readability (in display)

    E-mail:
    Subject: Medical Instrumentations
    Lecturer: MSc. Mohammed Tareq Fakhri
    Class: Second Class
    Academic year: 2023-2024
    Lecture: First lecturer

     Analog sensor, indirect digital sensor, and digital sensor


     Data conversions: ADC and DAC

    Real-Time and Delayed-Time Modes

     Short processing time real-time mode


     Long processing time delayed-time mode

    E-mail:

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