10

English
Quarter 4 – Module 1
English – Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module
First Edition, 2021

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Published by the Department of Education

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Development Team of the Module

Authors: Joemar L. Furigay, Jocelyn O. Penalosa, Margarita T. Ordillano,

Veronica R. Ramirez, Maida V. Dominguito, Virgilio G. Torio Jr.,
Emmanuel B. Buenviaje, Chelsea P. Guray
Editor: Alice R. Leonidas, Rebecca DS. Trinidad
Reviewers: Annabelle H. Nava, Joemar L. Furigay
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Juan C. Obierna

Annabelle H. Nava

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 10
English
Quarter 4 – Module
Celebrating Diversity
through World Literature

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by educators from public schools. We encourage teachers and other education
stakeholders to email their feedback, comments, and recommendations to the
Department of Education at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

1
Introductory Message

For the facilitator:

Welcome to the English 10 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM): Celebrating Diversity
through World Literature!

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help learners
acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their needs and
circumstances.

To the parents:
As parents, you play a vital role in educating your child’s life; hence, you may also
help provide the support and stimuli that your child needs to make sense of the world. Since
we are currently facing the coronavirus pandemic, now is the perfect time for you to make
your home a school and act as a teacher to your child.

For the learner:

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to process
the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

The module is divided into four lessons:

● Lesson 1 – Technical Terms
● Lesson 2 – Technical and Operational Definitions
● Lesson 3 – Expanded Definition of Words
● Lesson 4 – Strategies in Expanded Definition of Words

In this module, you are expected to:

● Distinguish technical terms used in research.
● Give technical and operational definitions.
● Give the expanded definition of words.
● Use different ways in expanding the definition of words.

2
 Lesson
Technical Terms in Research
1

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Research refers to the creative and systematic work undertaken to
increase the stock of knowledge of humans, culture, and society. It involves
the collection, organization, and analysis of information to increase our
understanding of a topic. In conducting a research, one will encounter technical terms –
words that are not commonly used in everyday discourse. It will be helpful to know them
for better understanding of the research itself.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify technical terms used in research.
2. Define technical terms used in research.

WHAT IS IT

Research refers to the creative and systematic work undertaken to increase

the stock of knowledge of humans, culture, and society. It involves the
collection, organization, and analysis of information to increase our understanding of a topic.
In conducting a research, one will encounter technical terms – words that are not commonly
used in everyday discourse. It will be helpful to know them for better understanding of the
research itself.
Technical terms are an essential part of all technical and scientific writing. Each field
typically uses a vocabulary that relays a variety of specialized concepts by means
of technical language. This quantification allows the concept to be manipulated
mathematically.
On the other hand, there are two types of definition such as operational and technical
definition. An operational definition is the articulation of statement of procedures used in
defining the terms of a process. The procedures included in definitions should be repeatable
by anyone or at least by peers. An example of operational definition of the term weight of an
object, operationalized to a degree, would be the following: "weight is the numbers that
appear when that object is placed on a weighing scale".
A technical definition is the process by which one assigns a precise or exact meaning
to a term. The meaning is usually taken from a dictionary, glossary of terms, or thesaurus.

3
 WHAT’S MORE

Task 1. Directions: Pick out the technical terms used in writing a research paper from
the given pool of words below. Then, give the definition of each term. Write your answers
on the space provided.

Problem Bibliography Statistics Compatibility Rationale

Calculation Methods

1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________

Task 2. Directions: Encircle the appropriate technical term to be used in each statement.
1. COVID 19 resulted in many societal problems (i.e, , e.g. , etc.) loss of jobs and
lives.

2. Pork, chicken, soy sauce, pepper, vinegar ((i.e, , e.g. , etc.) are the ingredients in
cooking adobo.

3. Cruz, Perez (i.e, , et. pass. , et al.) are the writers who received the literary
award.

4. She always talks about liking children, (i.e, , e.g. , etc.), the possibility of her
becoming a teacher.

5.For further discussion of the events, see Andersen 67 (i.e, ,et pass. , etc.).

Task 3. Directions: Review your understanding about the technical terms used in
research by matching each technical term in Column A with its meaning in Column B.
Write the letter of the answer on the space provided.
A B
______1. et. al a. and so on
______2. etc. b. it is
______3. e.g. c. and in the following
______4. i.e d. and others
______5. et. pass e. for example

4
Task 4. Directions: Give the meaning of the italicized technical terms used in research.
Write your answer on the space provided.
1. The sources where the information was taken is included in the bibliography.
A. list of dates C. list of books
B. list of characters D. list of events

2. The variables used in the research were already validated.

A. change in meaning C. change in weight
B. change in value D. change in appearance

3. The logical basis of her thesis is in the book’s rationale.

A. ration B. result C. reason D. research

4. It was a lengthy method that the researcher employed in finding facts on the
study.
A. procedure B. plan C. position D. partition

5. Statistics shows a staggering increase in the number of victims of the virus in the
month of March.
A. operational data C. literary data
B. descriptive data D. numerical data

Task 5. Directions: Give the unabbreviated version of the following technical terms used
in research
1. et. al ___________________________________________
2. etc. ___________________________________________
3. e.g. ___________________________________________
4. i.e. ___________________________________________
5. et pass. ___________________________________________

Task 6. Directions: Complete the table below by providing the Latin and English versions
of the given technical terms. Be guided with the given example.

Technical Term Latin English

1. Ph.D. Philosopiae Doctor Doctor of Philosophy
2. cf.
3. c.
4. ibid.
5. sic
6. A.D.

5
Task 7. Directions: Choose five from the technical terms you encountered in previous
activities, then, provide their use or purpose in a research. Be guided with the given example.

Technical Term Purpose

1. B.C. Used to indicate years by reckoning the date of Christ’s birth
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Directions: Match each technical term in Column A with its definition in Column
B. Write your answer on the space provided.

Column A Column B
_____1. Claim A. a loss of balance and accuracy in the use of
research methods
_____2. Bias B. the collection and presentation of detailed
information about a particular participant or small
group, frequently including data derived from the
subjects themselves
_____3. Confidentiality C. a research condition in which no one, including
the researcher, knows the identities of research
participants
_____4. Credibility D. the group in an experimental design that
receives either no treatment or a different
treatment from the experimental group
_____5. Data E. a research condition in which no one except
the researcher(s) knows the identities of the
participants in a study
_____6. Anonymity F. a tentative explanation based on theory to
predict a causal relationship between variables
_____7. Control Group G. a researcher's ability to demonstrate that the
object of a study is accurately identified and

6
 described based on the way in which the study
was conducted
_____8. Dependent Variable H. factual information [as measurements or
statistics] used as a basis for reasoning,
discussion, or calculation
_____9. Case Study I. a variable that varies due, at least in part, to the
impact of the independent variable
_____10. Hypothesis J. process of obtaining a numerical description of
the extent to which persons, organizations, or
things possess specified characteristics
K. a statement, similar to a hypothesis, which is
made in response to the research question and
that is affirmed with evidence based on research

Task 2. Directions: Give the meaning of the following technical terms used in research.
1. Methodology ____________________________________________

2. Null hypothesis ____________________________________________

3. Population ____________________________________________

4. Random Sampling ____________________________________________

5. Triangulation ____________________________________________

Task 3. Directions: Find five technical terms in the word grid below, then, use them to
identify what is described or defined in each item. Write your answer on the space
provided.
K P A P U L A S Y C N C
V R I A J W A Y N E C O
E D U K B M Y O N J I N
w H V G P S Y A D I O C
A S R L I S T E P Y J L
M A I N U T R R S Y O U
I N H Y P O T H A S I S
G L O R M A I R D C B I
I P T N E D P O I E T O
I N T R O D U C T I O N

7
 1. It is the first paragraph of a written research paper that gives the reader the
beginning of the study.
2. The summary of your points or a re-statement of the research problem.
3. It summarizes, usually in one paragraph of 300 words or less, the major aspects
of the entire paper.
4. It is a precise, testable statement of what the researcher(s) predict will be the
outcome of the study.
5. It is a group of people, objects, or items that are taken from a larger
population for measurement.

Task 4. Directions: Match each question in Column A with the correct term in Column B.
A B
_____1. What is the research about? A. Literature Review

_____2. What are the recommendations B. Methodology

for future research in this area?

_____3. How did you go about your C. Recommendations

research?

_____4. What did you find? D. Discussion

_____5. What do the results/findings E. Results/Findings

mean?
F. Introduction

Task 5. Directions: Complete the structure of a research report. Choose your answer from the
box.

INTRODUCTION RECOMMENDATION METHODOLOGY DISCUSSION APPENDICES

STRUCTURE OF A RESEARCH REPORT

➢ Title
➢ Abstract
➢ Table of Contents
➢ ______________
➢ Literature Review
➢ ______________
➢ Findings
➢ ______________
➢ Conclusions
➢ ______________
➢ References
➢ ______________

8
 Technical and Operational
Lesson
2 Definitions

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

An operational definition is the articulation of statement of
procedures used in defining the terms of a process. The procedures included
in definitions should be repeatable by anyone or at least by peers. An example of operational
definition of the term weight of an object, operationalized to a degree, would be the following:
"weight is the numbers that appear when that object is placed on a weighing scale".

A technical definition is the process by which one assigns a precise or exact

meaning to a term. The meaning is usually taken from a dictionary, glossary of terms, or
thesaurus.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Differentiate operation from technical definitions of words.
2. Identify words with operational or technical definition.
3. Give the operational or technical definitions of given words.

WHAT IS IT

An operational definition is the articulation of statement of procedures used in

defining the terms of a process. The procedures included in definitions should be repeatable
by anyone or at least by peers. An example of operational definition of the term weight of an
object, operationalized to a degree, would be the following: "weight is the numbers that
appear when that object is placed on a weighing scale".
A technical definition is the process by which one assigns a precise or exact
meaning to a term. The meaning is usually taken from a dictionary, glossary of terms, or
thesaurus.

9
 WHAT’S MORE

Task 1. Directions: Complete the given paragraph by filling in the blanks with the words or
phrases inside the box.

articulation statement of procedures literal or denotative terms word in

an item or phenomenon

An operational definition is the (1)_________________ of (2) ___________________

used in defining the (3)___________________ of a process (or set of validation tests and
the expected outcomes) needed to determine the existence of an
(4)_________________(a variable, term, or object) and its properties such duration,
quantity, extension in space, chemical composition, etc. Since the degree of
operationalization can vary itself, it can result in a more or less operational definition. The
procedures included in definitions should be repeatable by anyone or at least by peers. On
the other hand, Technical word meanings are sometimes called (5)_________________.
Denotative word meanings are what the word means.

Task 2. Directions: Distinguish between operational and technical definitions of words by

placing the terms under the appropriate columns.

age kinetic intelligence address phoneme,

morpheme, cerebellum, school, shape, prosodic

OPERATIONAL WORDS TECHNICAL WORDS

1. 1
2 2.
3 3.
4 4.
5 5.

Task 3. Directions: Provide the operational definition of each underlined word pertaining
to emotions, behaviors, and states of being.
1. The experimenter wants to determine how recreational drugs affect a person's sense of
humor.
Answer: __________________________________________________________________
2. The teacher wants to find a way to help make Billy act more friendly toward the other
children.
Answer:
__________________________________________________________________
10
3. A psychologist wants to know if his new form of psychotherapy will make people less
depressed.
Answer:
__________________________________________________________________
4. I have to find a way to study more efficiently.
Answer:
__________________________________________________________________
5.The school spirit is at an all-time low in this global COVID pandemic.
Answer:
_________________________________________________________________

Task 4. Directions: Identify the meaning of the underlined technical terms. Choose the
letter of the correct answer.
1.The Red Cross furnishes food and clothing to flood victims.
A. pull B. gives C. builds D. pushes
2.Dad saturates the cloth with water. After it had been soaked, he pours spot remover on
the stain.
A. dries B. dirties C. soaks D. folds
3 The boys were in peril as they sat on the rocks above the sea. They were in danger of
being swept away by the strong waves.
A. danger B. happy C. safe D. secure
4. The bank has five other branches in the city.
A. limbs of a tree B. offices C. employees D. securities
5. A swimmer began to flounder in the ocean and yelled for help.
A. a kind of fish B. struggle C. work D. dive
6. The kids think that Jim will try to weasel out of the challenge to eat fried worms.
A. change B get out of doing C. dig like a weasel D. fight to them
7. Katie made it to school by the skin of her teeth and was not marked late.
A. brushing her teeth B. brushing her skin
C. coming just in time D. being present on her class
8 Jennifer, a novice skier, must stay on the slopes for people just learning to ski.
A. beginning B. child C. adult D. old
9. The more time zones you cross, the more out of whack your biological clock gets.
A. lacking of energy B. lacking of awareness
C. not working correctly D. not moving correctly
10. He was elated that, in his mind, his earlier identification was affirmed.
A. ready and willing B. tense and excited
C. tending to talk a lot D. being in high spirit

Task 5. Directions: Provide the definition of the following words as indicated in each item.

1. Anxiety (Operational) _________________________________________

2. Data Science (Technical) _________________________________________
3. Civic responsibility (Operational)_________________________________________
4. Streptococci (Technical) _________________________________________
5. COVID (Technical) _________________________________________

11
 WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Directions: Match each term in Column A with its intended

meaning in Column B.
A B

_____1. Operational definition A. The meanings are found in a

dictionary.

_____2. Technical definition B. It is a definition describing or

explaining a word which cannot
be easily understood, or
relaying factual information.

_____3. Denotative word meanings C. It defines a word based on the

process involved or its
existence.

_____4. Dictionary D. It is a statement of the meaning

of a word or word group or a
sign or symbol.

E. It is a reference that gives the

meanings of words arranged
alphabetically.
_____5. Definition
F. It does not necessarily give the
meaning and etymology of
words; it simply provides a list
of synonyms and antonyms.

Task 2. Directions: Give the operational definition of the underlined words.

1. Boys show more affection towards their father than toward their mother.
Answer: __________________________________________________

2. People dream more if they have eaten a big meal three hours before going to sleep.
Answer: __________________________________________________

3. College athletes are not as smart as regular students.

Answer: ___________________________________________________

4. Overall, the sophomore girls are prettier than the freshman girls.
Answer: ___________________________________________________

5. People who make over P100,000 a month tend to be snobs.

Answer: _________________________________________________________
12
Task 3. Directions: Give the technical definition of the following terms.

A. Mathematical terms
1. Polygon ______________________________________________

2. Addition ______________________________________________

3. Square root ______________________________________________

Task 4. Directions: Give the operational definition of the following terms.

1. Scientific notation ______________________________________________

2. Philosophy ______________________________________________

3. GDP ______________________________________________

Task 5. Directions: Provide the definition of the following words as indicated in each item.
1. Anxiety (Operational) _________________________________________

2. Data Science (Technical) _________________________________________

3. Streptococci (Technical) _________________________________________

4. Typeface (Technical) _________________________________________

5. Phobia (Operational) _________________________________________

13
 Lesson
3 Expanded Definition of Words

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

An expanded definition explains what the word means to the writer and
may allow a reader to see the word differently. It is composed of one or
more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term.
After this lesson, you are expected to:
1. Identify the methods used in expanding the definition of words.
2. Give the signal words in expanding the definitions of words.
3. Use different ways in expanding the definition of words.

WHAT IS IT

Here are the three ways to expand a definition into a paragraph:

1. Expanding by Giving an Example

This method provides examples to illustrate what must be present for the word being
defined to be applicable to a given phrase.

2. Expanding by Comparing and Contrasting

This method explains the distinctions between items to find the common ground. In
writing definition, compare means describing similarities between the subjects. Basically,
the comparison tells what they have in common.

3. Expanding by Describing a Process

This method shows a series of actions or steps taken to achieve a particular end.

14
 WHAT’S MORE

Task 1. Directions: Identify the method of expanding definitions described in each

sentence. Choose the letter of your answer from the given choices below.

A. Expanding by Giving an Example

B. Expanding by Comparing and Contrasting
C. Expanding by Describing A Process

_________ 1. It presents the similarities and differences between two things, ideas,
concepts or point of view.
_________ 2. It shows the series of actions that produce something or that lead to a
particular result.
_________ 3. It provides examples to illustrate what must be present for the word being
defined.
_________4. It explains the distinction between items to find the common ground.

_________5. It shows a series of actions steps taken to achieve a particular end.

Task 2. Directions: Determine the method/ way used in expanding the definition of each
underlined word. Choose your answer in the box.

A. Expanding by Giving an Example

B. Expanding by Comparing and Contrasting
C. Expanding by Describing A Process

_______1. Pantomime is the art of communicating words. It uses body movements,

gestures, facial expressions to communicate feelings and attitudes, and situations.
Unlike, melodrama which has sensational dramatic piece with exaggerated
characters and exciting events intended to appeal to the emotions.

_______2. An early example of privatization was the enclosure of public land for private
use by wealthy landlords.

_______3. Basketball and soccer are sports with many similarities and differences. Both
sports are fun to play and each one has many beneficial qualities.

_______4. Basketball is a game played by two 5-player teams, the object of which is to get
the ball through the opposing player's hoop the most times to score the most points,
or a large ball that is used in the game. Basketball and soccer are played with a round
ball. In both sports, players dribble and shoot the ball. But basketball players dribble
with their hands, while soccer players, except the goalkeeper, dribble with their feet.

15
 ... a basketball court. They both provide a ton of cardiovascular exercise such as
running; so if you want to get in shape these are the sports to play.

_______5. In essay writing, the writer must first consider the goal of writing. After identifying
why he or she writes, he or she must identify for whom he or she writes. This makes sure
that the language use is appropriate and comprehensible. After identifying the audience, the
writer must start with forming thesis statement.

_______6. Speed is a concept that marks our time. Everybody is in hurry to go somewhere.
Industry is constantly demanding new inventions that will speed up production so that the
constant cry of the bosses to the workmen is speed it up! The maker of automobiles boasts
of the newest type of a car which is faster than the old model.

_______7. Speed is a concept that marks our day. Sluggishness is out. Speed is
demanded by industry which is constantly on the look—out for new inventions.
Sluggishness is penalized, especially in industries where compensation depends upon
output. Speed is the attractive come-on for short-term courses in cooking, computerizing,
sewing, diving, learning a new language, and others. The slower long-term courses are not
so appealing.

_______8. The process of speeding up in a vehicle begins with the setting of the gear
level to the first gear. This moves the vehicle from a stationary to a slow speed of about
less than ten kilometers per hour(kph). Gradually you shift the gear to the next, pressing
the accelerator pedal at the same time to attain a speed between 10-30 kph. You pick up
more speed by shifting gears to the next higher levels at speed beyond 30 kph. To do this,
however along with the shift to third or fourth year, ever- increasing pressure must be
accelerated.

_______9. A monologue is a speech given by a single character in a story. In drama, it

is the vocalization of a character’s thoughts; in literature, the verbalization. It is traditionally
a device used in theater—a speech to be given on stage—but nowadays, its use extends to
film and television.

_________10. In argumentative essay writing, the writer must first consider the goal of
writing. He or she introduces a compelling topic and engage the reader; explains and
consider all sides of an issue fairly. Then, persuade the reader to adopt or consider a new
perspective.

Task 3. Directions: Complete the table below by supplying three signal words used in each
method of expanding a definition. Be guided with the given example.

Method in Expanding a Signal Words

Definition
1. Example as in

2. Comparison is similar to

16
 3. Contrast different from

4. Process first

Task 4. Directions: Underline the all the signal words used in the extended definition given below.
One has been done for you.

Friendship is a state of acquaintance between or among people characterized

by a strong bond of shared concern and caring. In true friendship the bond is mutually
shared. This is, if either one of two friends is involved in a difficulty, such as problems
with failing courses in school, problems with parents at home, or even problems of a
much more serious nature, the other friend will provide help, encouragement,
concern, and perhaps even direct intervention.
In Hucklebery Finn, for example, when Huck and Jim are traveling down the
Mississippi, white men come to their raft looking for a runaway slave. First, Huck hides
Jim, then, he makes deliberate decisions to lie to the men, even though he believes
he will go to hell for protecting and harboring a runaway slave. At other points in the
novel, Jim helps Huck out of various difficulties and shows concern for his well-being.
In Dickens' novel Great Expectations, on the other hand, Pip shows great
devotion, even a kind of love, for Estella. But Estella treats Pip very badly, letting him
think she is fond of him and then treating him with contempt. Pip and Estella do not
share a true friendship. The bond of concern and caring is all Pip's. Estella, however,
has none of i

WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Directions: Give the expanded definition of the following terms by

giving examples, comparing and contrasting, or describing a process.

1. Sedentary activities
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

17
 2. Distillation
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

3. Mice and rats

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4. Apes and monkeys

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5. black ants and red ants

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________

Task 2. Directions: Give the expanded definition of the following terms by using any of the
methods discussed in this lesson. Study the following example:

Process

“Petrichor refers to the smell that rises from dry ground when it rains. But it
isn’t the smell of water. Instead, petrichor comes from plants and bacteria. Plants
release long chain molecules called fatty acids. The chains break down into small
molecules that we can smell. Soil bacteria, meanwhile, produce a chemical called
geosmin. Combine the broken-down fatty acids and geosmin and you get petrichor.
But petrichor doesn’t actually smell until it rains. When water droplets hit the soil, they
trap bubbles of air under them. The bubbles rise through the raindrop. When they
spray out into the air as a fine mist, they carry the smell of petrichor up into our noses.

Note: Be guided by the given sentence prompts.

1. A peccary is a hoofed mammal.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

2. Zooplankton prey on others to survive.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

18
3. A carcinogen is any agent that can cause cancer.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

4.. A predator is a creature that preys on other animals for most or all of its food.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

5. Muscle is a type of tissue used to produce movement by contracting its cells.

___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

19
 Lesson Strategies in Expanded Definition
4

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Last week, you learned that you expand a definition to come up with
a more comprehensive explanation of a word, a phrase, or a concept by
giving examples, comparing and contrasting, and describing a process.
Strategies use in expanded definition are Evocation, Cause and Effect, and
Historical Reference.

After this lesson, you are expected to:

1.Identify the methods used in expanding the definition of words
2. Use different ways in expanding the definition of words

WHAT IS IT

Below are other strategies used in expanded definition.

Etymology

“The word “octopod” describes marine animals with eight sucker-lined arms. “Octo”
comes from Latin and Greek words for “eight.” And “pod” comes from Greek for “foot.”
Octopods include octopuses and paper nautiluses, also called argonauts. Paper nautiluses
are octopuses too. All these creatures belong to a group of animals called mollusks.”

Evocation

“Umami is one of the five major tastes. The others are sweet, salty, sour and bitter.
Umami comes from the Japanese words for “delicious” and “taste.” Many people say it
tastes “meaty” or “brothy.” People taste umami when foods turn on receptors on your
tongue for glutamate. It’s an amino acid that is part of many proteins.”

Cause and Effect

“Eutrophication is a process in which a body of water receives a large bounty of

nutrients, especially phosphates. These chemicals can enter the ecosystem naturally or
through pollution such as fertilizer runoff. Algae and plants in the water respond to the extra
phosphates by growing rapidly. But when the algae and plants die, bacteria break them
down. As the bacteria go to work, they use up the oxygen in the water. Without dissolved
oxygen in the water, many fish and other animals may suffocate.”
20
Historical Reference

“A laser is a device that uses an electrical current that give off a blip of light. When
the first laser was built in 1960, it wasn’t called a laser at all! “LASER” is a shorthand for
“Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.” But over time, the devices have
become so popular that “laser” has become its own word. Lasers are used in everything
from medicine to archeology to physics. And of course, they are in those tiny laser pointers
we use to play with our pets.”

WHAT’S MORE

Task 1. Directions: Give the method of expanding a definition described

or defined in each item below. Write your answer on the space provided.

_____________1. You could provide the origin of an unfamiliar term by tracing down its
development from its earliest use to present.

_____________2. You could define a term by explaining what would happen next as a result
of something that already happened before.

_____________3. You could show how a word, a concept, or phrase was defined throughout
history.

_____________4. You could point out the meaning of an unfamiliar term by using words
that create a picture in the minds of the readers so that they could relate
through their memories of the five senses.

_____________5. You want to explain that words such as “scuba” and “radar” were once
acronyms but have been accepted as common words.

Task 2. Directions: Identify the method used in extending the definition of the underline word in
each paragraph. Write your answer on the space provided.

_______________1. The root of ‘English’ is ‘Engl’ which came from the ancient Germanic
tribe, the Angles, who spoke a language that later became English. The -ish is just a suffix,
that means “language of” in this case.

_______________2. The word girl originally meant "young person of either sex" in English;
it was only around the beginning of the 16th century that it came to mean specifically a
female child. The term girl is sometimes used colloquially to refer to a young or unmarried
woman; however, during the early 1970s, feminists challenged such use because the use of
the word to refer to a fully grown woman may cause offence.

21
_______________3. Although different chili peppers do have their own flavors (Some are
sweet, some are lemony, some are bitter, etc.), by far any individual flavor is overpowered
by a chili’s “pungency” (spicy heat) caused by the capsaicin. Pungency is the technical term
used by scientists to refer to the characteristic of food commonly referred to as spiciness or
hotness and sometimes heat, which is found in foods such as chili peppers.

Task 3. Directions: Give one technical term used in each given subject, then, give its expanded
definition as indicated in each item.

TLE
Technical Term: __________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Evocation):_____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

ENGLISH
Technical Term: __________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Etymology):____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

ARALING PANLIPUNAN
Technical Term: __________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Historical Reference):____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Technical Term: __________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Cause & Effect):_________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

MUSIC
Technical Term: __________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Evocation):____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

HEALTH
Technical Term: __________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Historical Reference):____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

22
FILIPINO
Technical Term: ___________________________________________________________
Expanded Definition (Etymology):___________________________________________

Task 4. Directions: Tell whether the method used in each extended definition below is etymology,
evocation, cause-and-effect, or historical reference. Write your answer on the space provided.

__________1. The Middle English form of “bridegroom” was bridgome. However, gome died
out during the Middle English period. By the 16th century its meaning was no longer
apparent, and it came to be popularly replaced by a similar-sounding word, grome, 'serving
lad.' This later developed the sense of 'servant having the care of horses,' which is the
dominant sense today.

__________2. The word philosophy comes from the Greek “philo” (love) and “Sophia”
(wisdom), so it is literally defined as “the love of wisdom”. More broadly understood, it is the
study of the most basic and profound matters of human existence.

__________3. When the solution equilibrium point is reached and no more solute will
dissolve, the solution is said to be saturated. A saturated solution is a solution that contains
the maximum amount of solute that is capable of being dissolved. At 20°C, the maximum
amount of NaCl that will dissolve in 100. g of water is 36.0 g. If any more NaCl is added past
that point, it will not dissolve because the solution is saturated.

__________4. The word love (in its noun form) has a history you have to love. Dating
back to the Proto-Indo-European word leubh, meaning "care" or "desire", it later evolved
into Latin with the word lubet, which went on further to become libet. Libet is also the
father of the word libido, which is connected to love almost as closely as its roots. After
the Romans died out (a recurring theme in these posts, for some reason) the word
spread not to French this time, but Germanic. Here it steadily evolved into four forms,
each taking the place of the antecedent: lubo, liube, liebe, and then lob, all of which had
the modern meaning, except liube, which went through a phrase where it was referred
to as "joy".
__________5.The name Philippines (Filipino: Pilipinas [pɪlɪˈpinɐs]; Spanish: Filipinas)
derives from that of the 16th-century Spanish king Philip II, and is a truncated form
of Philippine Islands. During the expedition of Ruy López de Villalobos to the region, the
Spanish sailor Bernardo de la Torre bestowed the name Las Islas Filipinas on the islands
of Leyte and Samar, in honor of the then Prince of Asturias (heir to the Spanish
throne). Despite the existence of other names, Filipinas ("Philippines") was eventually
adopted as the name of the entire archipelago.
__________6. Evaporation happens when a liquid substance becomes a gas. When water
is heated, it evaporates. The molecules move and vibrate so quickly that they escape into
the atmosphere as molecules of water vapor.

23
 WHAT I CAN DO

Task 1. Directions: Give the expanded definition of the following terms using
any of the methods you have learned in class. Be guided with the given key words.

1. Freedom

term to be defined

privilege right to power

act

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.

2.
Optimism

term to de defined

hopefulness confidence cheerfulness

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________

24
 Courage
3.

term to be defined

bravery power

right to act

________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________

4.
success

term to de defined

achievement
confidence goal

_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________.

25
 ANSWER KEY

LESSON 1. TECHNICAL TERMS IN RESEARCH

WHAT’S MORE
A.

1. BIBLIOGRAPHY
2. STATISTICS
3. RATIONALE
4. METHODS
5. CALCULATION

B.

1.e.g 2.etc. 3. et.al 4. i.e. 5. et. Pass

C.
1.D 2.A 3.E 4.B 5.C

D.
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.A 5.D
E.
1. and others

2. and so on

3. for example
4. that is
5. and in the following

F.

Technical Term Latin English

1. Ph.D. Philosopiae Doctor Doctor of Philosophy
2. cf. confer/conferatur compare
3. c. si cee

26
 4. ibid. ibidem In the same place
5. sic sic so
6. A.D. Anno Domini In the year of the lord

B. ANSWERS MAY VARY

WHAT I CAN DO

H.

1. B
2. A
3. C
4. G
5. H
6. E
7. D
8. I
9. J
10. F

I.ANSWERS MAY VARY

J.

1. INTRODUCTION
2. HYPOTHESIS
3. ABSTRACT
4. CONCLUSION
5. SAMPLING
K.

1.F
2.C
3.B
4.D
5.E
L.
STRUCTURE OF A RESEARCH REPORT
➢ Title
➢ Abstract
➢ Table of Contents
27
 Introduction
➢ Literature Review
➢ _Discussion_____________
➢ Findings
➢ _Methodology_____________
➢ Conclusions
➢ _Recommendations_____________
➢ References
➢ _Appendices_____________

LESSON 2 TECHNICAL AND OPERATIONAL DEFINITION

WHAT’S MORE
A.
1. ARTICULATION
2. STATEMENT OF PROCEDURES
3. WORD
4. ITEM OR PHENOMENON
B.

OPERATIONAL WORDS TECHNICAL WORDS

1. age 1. kinetic
2. intelligence 2.phoneme
3. address 3.cerebellum
4. school 4.morpheme
5. shape 5.prosadic

C. ANSWERS MAY VARY

D.

1. B 6. B
2. C 7. C
3. A 8. A
4. B 9. D
5. B 10.D

E. ANSWERS MAY VARY

WHAT I CAN DO
F.

1. C
2. B
3. A
4. E
5. D
28
H. ANSWERS MAY VARY
I. ANSWERS MAY VARY
J. ANSWERS MAY VARY

LESSON 3 EXPANDED DEFINITION OF WORDS

A.
1. ETYMOLOGY
2. EVOCATION
3. HISTORICAL REFERENCE
4. CAUSE AND EFFECT
5. EVOCATION

B.

1. B- EXPANDING BY COMPARING AND CONTRASTING

2. A- EXPANDING BY GIVING AN EXAMPLE
3. B- EXPANDING BY COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
4. C-EXPANDING BY DESCRIBING A PROCESS
5. C-EXPANDING BY DESCRIBING A PROCESS
6. A- EXPANDING BY GIVING AN EXAMPLE
7. B- EXPANDING BY COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
8. C-EXPANDING BY DESCRIBING A PROCESS
9. A- EXPANDING BY GIVING AN EXAMPLE
10. C-EXPANDING BY DESCRIBING A PROCESS

C. ANSWERS MAY VARY

D.
1. for example
2. first
3. then
4. even though
5. on the other hand

WHAT I CAN DO
D. ANSWERS MAY VARY
E. ANSWERS MAY VARY

29
LESSON 4 EXPANDED DEFINITION OF WORDS
WHAT’S MORE
A.
1. ETYMOLOGY
2. EVOCATION
3. HISTORICAL REFERENCE
4. CAUSE AND EFFECT
5. EVOCATION

B.
1. ETYMOLOGY
2. HISTORICAL REFERENCE
3. EVOCATION

C. ANSWERS MAY VARY

D.

1. ETYMOLOGY
2. ETYMOLOGY
3. CAUSE AND EFFECT
4, ETYMOLOGY
5.HISTORICAL REFERENCE
6. CAUSE AND EFFECT

WHAT I CAN DO

E.ANSWERS MAY VARY

30
REFERENCES
Barret, E., Paradise, J. .& Perelman , L The Mayfield Hand book of Technical and Scientific
Writing

https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-difference-between-operational-definition-Retrieved
March 19,2021
andtechnical-definition https://askinglot.com/what-are-three-methods-to-create-an-
extended-definitionhttps://www.quora.com/-Retrieved March 19,2021

Technical Writing: Extended Definition https://www.slideshare.net/agavemountain/

extended-definition-11328331
Techniques of Extended Definition
https://umd.instructure.com/course/1087526/pages/11-techniques-of-extended-definition

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