NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures

TOPIC: BUSINESS WRITING & RESUME

To ask for information or advice (I would
be interested to find out more about ...
- When you enter a profession, you or I would appreciate your advice
will have to write dozens of letters concerning ...)
every day as part of your routine
work. Many of these will be written To explain or clarify (I am writing to
to persons you have never met explain the company's new procedure
concerning.......)
and perhaps you can never hope
to meet. You will be writing letters To suggest or advise (In response to
to other firms and companies, your letter, we feel that it is advisable
customers, suppliers, associate to...)
organizations, government
officers, credit agencies, To make an announcement (We are
employees, etc. Such letters are happy to announce ...)
called business letters.
To ask someone to do something (I
would greatly appreciate it if you would
Business Letter: ....)
- A successful business letter is
characterized by courtesy, clarity, To reply to someone's request (In answer
and conciseness. to your inquiry, I ...)
- A necessity for business
To thank (I greatly appreciate your
transactions assistance during ...)
- the reader’s interest should be
kept in mind To enclose something (Please find
- ensure quick transmission of enclosed the brochure you requested.)
message and evoke the desired
response To attach something (Attached please
- each letter has one main idea or find this month's order.)
point, and this should be To complain (I am writing to complain
communicated in plain and about ...)
easy-to-understand language
To apologize (On behalf of the company,
How to get Started: I would like to extend our sincerest
1. Planning & Writing Objectives apologies for ...)
- Make it easy for your reader to
To give good news (We are delighted to
understand why you are writing inform you that...)
> putting your objective at the
beginning of your letter To give bad news (We are sorry to inform
you that ...)
Common Objectives: Condolence (I was very sad to hear the
news of John' s death.)
To confirm (I am writing to confirm our
appointment on ...) To make a threat (It appears from our
records that payment is overdue. We
To ask for confirmation (Following our have no option but to refer this matter
meeting yesterday, I would be grateful if to our legal team.)
you could confirm the...)

To inform (I am writing to inform you that 2. Planning

...) - help you to structure your ideas,
making it easier for your reader to

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
follow you
- Make a detailed paragraph plan
(where you decide what you will
include in each paragraph)
Aim:
> Group ideas logically
> Keep text relevant & focus on
objectives
> Avoid repetition
How to Plan:

● Decide Your Objective

- why are you writing? What
information does the reader need to
know?

● Consider your Reader

- Is your reader an expert in the 4. Writing Letter
subject, or will you have to simplify - Making sure your letters look
technical language or concepts? and sound professional
> Although emails are used for
● List everything you want to write
- jot down your ideas as you think of most business situations, there
them. Then, decide which ideas are will be situations when a letter is
relevant and which ideas you can leave more appropriate. Letters tend to
out. be more formal than emails, but
there are standard guidelines and
● Make a paragraph plan expressions that will help you
- order your ideas into logical
write accurately and
paragraphs and decide what linking
words / phrases you'll need such as professionally every time.
"Firstly, secondly, finally" or "However",
or "In addition". 5. Layout
- Most companies use headed
● Write, following your plan, and then notepaper, so you do not have to
check what you have written against write your company name and
your plan.
address. The reader's name and
- Have you included everything? Will
the reader know what the next step is? addresses generally come under
your company details on the left.
-hand side of the paper.
3. Putting your ideas into Underneath this (or above the
paragraphs reader’s name) put the date of the
- If ideas fit together, they can be letter. Reference details go under
put together in one paragraph. the date of the letter. Not all
However, if many ideas fit together, letters need references, although
think about how you can separate large companies tend to use them
them. for correspondence.
- Some formal letters have a
subject heading. If a heading is
necessary, this comes under the
opening (Dear X) and it is normally
in bold.

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
- Paragraphs are not normally
indented in modern business
correspondence. Instead, all new
paragraphs are double spaced.

6. Style of Presentation
- There are two styles which are
commonly used for writing
business letters. Choosing a
particular style is a matter of
individual taste and preference.
- If your firm or company has
already chosen a style, use that.
Butin case you get an opportunity
to select the style of your choice,
choose the complete-block style.

● The Indented Style:

- This is perhaps the oldest form
of a business letter. In it each
new element is indented two to
four spaces. Generally, closed
punctuation is used in this style.
It requires more time to type,
but those who advocate this
style say that the pleasing form
it presents more than
compensates for the extra time
and energy spent.

● The Complete-Block Style

- All parts of the letter, except
the printed letterhead, are
aligned with the left margin. A

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
letter in this form saves more
time because indentation is not
required for any part. But some
correspondents do not like it
because it appears imbalanced
and heavy on the left side.

7. Structure of Letters - Contents

Contains:
- An opening
- Reference to previous
contact or reason for
writing
- (The background to the
letter - optional)
- Main point or idea
- (Development of the main 8. How to Address
point - optional) - Friends (first-name basis)
- (Additional points - > Dear Sarah
optional) Best wishes (or Kind
- Asking for action / regards)
reference to the future
- Closing remarks - Semi-formal business
relationships
> Dear Mr. Brown
Yours sincerely

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
> Dear Ms. Smith > Col. (Colonel)
Yours sincerely > Lt. (Lieutenant)

- Formal letters, where the ● Religious TItles:

name of the reader is > Rev. (Reverend)
unknown > Fr. (Father)
> Dear Sir (or Dear Sirs) > Sr. (Sister)
Yours faithfully
> Dear Madam 10. Emails
Yours faithfully - How to make sure your
> Dear Sir / Madam email is read and acted on
Yours faithfully - Guidelines for email
structure, language and
9. Titles conciseness.
● Women - Emails are by far the most
- Women are generally common method of
addressed as 'Ms'. Only use communication for internal
'Mrs' if you're sure that the office correspondence, and
woman is married and that they are fast replacing
she uses her married name. letters in all but the most
Avoid using 'Miss' unless formal business situations.
you know that you're writing Most people in companies
to a young girl (under the use emails for a wide range
age of 16) or to a much of purposes: to confirm
older woman who has appointments and
never married. To be on the meetings, request help or
safe side, most writers use action, provide
'Ms', the female equivalent information, etc
of 'Mr'.
Differences
● Academic
- Other titles commonly Letters Emails
used are 'Dr' if you are
writing to either a medical ● can be formal ● tend to be less
doctor, or someone who formal in tone
has a doctorate. Bachelor and style
or master degree holders
● use conventions ● tend to be less
are normally addressed as for opening and formal in tone
either 'Mr' or 'Ms'. closing a letter and style

● Esq ● start with "Dear ● tend to be less

- British English writers (name)". formal in tone
sometimes use 'Esq.' in and style
place of 'Mr'. For example,
● provide a ● "Hello" or "Hi".
an envelope could be
permanent,
addressed: written record
> John Smith, Esq.
● tend to be ● can be easily
● Military Titles longer deleted
> Maj. (Major)

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
information.
● tend to have a ● are better for
clear paragraph brief responses
structure or notices 3. Plan
- For longer emails, a plan
● used more for ● are better for helps you focus on the
external brief responses objective of your email and
correspondence or notices keeps your ideas linked
and concise.
● suitable for
internal memos
and messages. 4. Be Accurate
- Use your spell check to
. eliminate spelling or typing
● Emails are generally shorter and errors.
more informal than letters. Unlike - Delete previous emails
letters, emails don't have - Delete original emails if
conventional openings and they are long or
closings and a variety of unconnected to your
salutations can be used. Because present email.
emails are often written quickly - - Instead, refer to parts of
sometimes as an immediate the previous email with
response to a request or query - angle bracket keys: < and >
they can often look like notes, with or
short one-sentence paragraphs - << and >>
and abbreviations. > Example:
From: Support Team
Guidelines for writing emails: Subject: Glitches
1. Be Brief Thanks for your email
- Get straight to the point highlighting the glitches in
with your reason for the system.
writing. Edit carefully so << it is impossible to
that your email contains remove the address field
only the most important from the database.>>
information. Less In fact, you can alter any
important information can field by clicking on "field"
be sent in a separate email. and then…

2. Be Clear 5. Use a plain Background

- Use a descriptive subject - It is better to use black text
line that tells your reader on white background to be
what your email is about. If sure that your email is easy
necessary, change the to read. Patterns or motifs
original subject line if it's in the body of the email
too vague or if the risk making you look
conversation has moved on childish or immature – stick
to other areas. to a plain white
- Don't write your email in background.
dense paragraphs. Shorter
paragraphs (even if only 6. Be Polite
one line long) help your - Avoid writing sarcastic or
reader to easily scan for angry comments. It's far

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
better to delay sending an 2. Purpose
email until after you've had - R ES : tailored to each position
time to cool off, than send - CV : will stay put and any
something you might later changes will be in the cover letter
regret.
3. Layout
Email May Contain: - RES : information can be shuffled
- Subject line around to best suit the applicant
- (Salutation - optional) - CV : clear chronological order
- Reason for writing listing the whole career
- Main point
- (Development of point - optional) Elements of a Resume:
- (Additional points - optional) 1. HEADING
- (Closing - optional) - Name (Make sure it STAND
OUT by using bold and
11. Resume larger font size)
- Document S tar ting Your - Address,
Professional Credentials - Email address (Use a
- Purpose: to obtain an interview PROFESSIONAL email
- A résumé should be a good address, and not
reflection of who you are [email protected])
- It brings together your education, - Phone number
work experience, interests , and
skills into one comprehensive but 2. OBJECTIVE ( Optional)
brief outline for the employer to - is a one‐sentence
read declaration of the type of
job that you are seeking
Developing Resume - appears beneath the
Process: heading
- Gather information – names, - is as specific as possible
places, & dates of employment,
education 3. EDUCATION
- Assess your skills & experiences - lists all the colleges you
related to the type of position you have graduated from
are seeking (begin with the latest),
- Outline your resume & organize along with their addresses,
effectively and
- Review and edit – ask for feedback - any degrees you have
- Continue to revisit your resume & earned with the date you
revise throughout academic and attained them
professional career - Do not list your high school
> unless it is of importance
Difference of RESUME & CURRICULUM to the employer that you
VITAE: are applying (ALUMNI)
1. Length
- R E S : brief summary (1- 2 pages) 4. EXPERIENCE
- CV : more detailed & more than 2 - can refer to paid or unpaid
pages jobs and should include:
> your job title,
> the name of your

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
employer, - Good references might include
> city and country, professors, advisors or employers.
> dates of employment Never use relatives for references.
- summarize your > Give a copy of your resume to
contribution to the these references so they can
position, achievements, speak highly of you when your
and/or responsibility potential employers speak with
assumed them.

Types of Resume:
● Chronological Resume
- Lists your work experience
from the most recent
backward
- The simplest of resumes
Elements of a resume: - Works best when you’ve
- Optional Add-Ons had a long, steady work
● Honors & Awards history and promotions
- Like scholarship, awards (include that you want to showcase
the date)
● Skills/Highlight
- any unique, relevant or
necessary skills that you have but
are not reflected in the other
sections of your résumé
● Reference
- should be on a separate sheet of
paper that matches the
font/format of your resume

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures

● Functional Resume ● Combination Resume

- is arranged around your - combines elements of
skills and abilities chronological and
- Sometimes used by those functional resume to
with little or no work improve the clarity or
experience or those who presentation
are career changers > EXAMPLE: good work
> For example, if you are history that supports your
strong in communication current job objective, you
skills, under that major could start with a skills
heading you would list a section that supports the
variety of supportive skills needed in the job
experiences

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
- This type of cover letter is used
when you do not have background
information on the employer
and/or possible positions or
programs that currently exist in
the organization.

Electronic Resume:
- still need to introduce yourself by
way of a cover note (an abridged
version of the cover letter).
- The same rules apply and you
need to follow them to get noticed

Cover letter:
- purpose of a cover letter is to
introduce you to an employer ,
give them a frame of reference,
and provide a sample of your
writing ability
- Two Types Of Cover Letter:
> Letter of Application
- is written when applying for a
specific position that has been
advertised or referred.
- Make sure to state the source of
the position (name of referral or
posting source; ex: HotJobs).
> Letter of Inquiry
- is written to gain an
understanding about the
employer and the availability of
positions within the organization.

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
TOPIC: PLANNING ● Indicate Priorities
● Develop actions that are flexible
- Charting the Future and realistic in terms of available
- Doing the right thing at the right personnel, equipment, facilities,
time to accomplish organization and time
goals (VMG) ● Develop a logical sequence of
- Encompasses determining activities
philosophy, goals, objectives, ● Select the most practical methods
policies, procedures, and rules; for each objective
carrying out long - and
short-range projections; Principles:
determining a fiscal course of - Requires specific thinking, and it
action; and managing planned should spell out in clear terms the
change definition of the purpose, analyze
- Deciding in advance what to do; the problem and make a careful
who is to do it; and how, when, and and diligent search for all the
where it is to be done facts bearing upon it. The task of
planning will be well-accomplished
Importance: if some fundamental principles
- It leads to success in the are followed in the process.
achievements of goals and
objectives
- It provides meaning to work
- It provides for the effective use of
available personnel and facilities
- It helps nurses cope with crises
and problems calmly and
efficiently and managing planned
change
- It is cost effective
- It is based on past and future
activities
- It reduces the element of change
- It is necessary for effective control 1. Principle of Commitment
- Certain resources must be
Four Stage Process: committed or pledged for
1. Establish Objectives the purpose of planning
2. Evaluate the Present Situation &
Predict future trends & event 2. Principle of the Limiting Factor
3. Formulate a Planning Statement - Involves varied factors of
4. Convert the Plan into an action different importance.
statement > implies that more
emphasis has to be put on
Characteristics of a Good Plan: that factor which is scarce
● It should have a clearly worded or limited in supply or
objectives, including results and extremely costly. This will
methods for evaluation help in selecting the most
● Be guided by policies and/or favorable alternative
procedures affecting the planned
action

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
3. Principle of the Reflective Thinking 7. Principle of Selection of
- Based on the rational Alternative
consideration - Planning is basically of
- Involve reflective thinking choosing. The essence of
which signifies planning is the choice
problem-solving thought among alternative courses
process of action
> a process by which past
experiences are 8. Principle of Planning Premises
superimposed on the fact - Premises are the
of the present situation assumption the
and possible future trends. environmental forces
None can be a planner - There must be complete
whose mind is not active, agreement among the
who does not possess any managers in respect of
deliberate power and planning premises over
whose sense of judgment is which the structure of plan
not strong is to be framed

4. Principle of Flexibility 9. Principle of Timing and Sequence

- The plan should be so of Operation
prepared that there is - Timing and sequence of
sufficient scope for operation the starting and
changing it from finishing time for each
time-to-time piece of work according to
- Changes must necessarily some definite schedule and
be made in the plan, taking give practical and concrete
into account new shape and form to work
developments that may performance
take place in the course of
the operation of the plan 10. Principle of Securing Participation
- To secure participation of
5. Principle of Contribution to the employees with
Enterprise Objectives whole-hearted cooperation
- A major plan is prepared, in execution of the plan, it
and it is supported by is necessary that the plan
many derivative plans must be communicated
- All plans must contribute in and explained to them for
a positive way towards the their full understanding
achievement of the
enterprise objectives 11. Principle of Pervasiveness
- Though major planning
6. Principle of Efficiency function is entrusted to the
- Attain the objectives of the top management, it is not
enterprise at the minimum restricted to the top level
cost and least effort only
- It must also achieve better
results with the minimum of 12. Principle of Strategic Planning
unexpected happenings - Strategic planning is
essential where there is

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
competition. Planners must ● Balance Scorecard
take into account the - developed by Robert Kaplan and
strategies of the rival David Norton in the early 1990’s
organizations, otherwise - Used to develop metrics
the planning projection (performance measurements
may land them into trouble indicators), collect data, and
analyze that data from four
13. Principle of Innovation organizational perspectives:
- A good system of planning > Financial
should be responsive to the > Customers
opportunities for > Internal business processes (or
innovation simply processes), and
- Consists in creating > Learning and Growth
something new for
increasing satisfaction of - These measure align
the consumers individuals, departmental,
and organizational goals
14. Principles of Follow-up: and identify entirely new
- In the course of execution processes for meeting
of a plan, certain obstacles customer and shareholder
may crop up in midway and objectives
planning may require
revision, alteration or ● SWOT Analysis
correction - One of the most commonly
used in health-care
Types of Planning: organization
1. Strategic or Long-Range Planning - Known as “TOWS” Analysis
- “What are the things to do” - Was developed by Albert
- Usually extending 3 to 10 Humphrey at Stanford
years into the future University in the 1960s and
- Focuses on VMG, 1970s
Philosophy of the
Organization Steps:
- May be done once or twice - Define the desired objective
a year - SWOTs are discovered and listed
- Then decide if the objective can
- A systematic step-by-step be achieved in view of the SWOTs
process by which an
organization charts its Strength:
course of action towards a - Internal competencies and
chosen destinations resources possessed by the
- Includes a high-level organization that enhance its
overview of the entire ability to achieve its objectives
business
- Foundational basis of the Weakness:
organization and will - Internal deficiencies that tend to
dictate long-term decisions inhibit the organizations’ ability its
- May utilize tools such as: objectives
> SWOT analysis
> Balanced Scorecard

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
Opportunities: ● Develop strategies to achieve the
- External developments that goals
could significantly benefit the ● Ensure that the most effective use
organization is made of the organization’s
resources
Threats: ● Provide a base from which
- External trends and events that progress can be measured
are potentially harmful to an ● Provide a mechanism for informed
organization’s position change as needed
● Build a consensus about where
the organization is going

2. Operational or Short-Range Plan

- “How does one do things
right”
- Deals with day-to-day
maintenance activities
- Plans involve a period of 1
hour to 3 years and are
usually less complex than
Strategic Planning:
strategic or long range
- SWOT & Balanced Scorecard are
plans
different, but also similar - they
- Short-term planning may
help organizations assess what
be done annually,
they do well & what they need to
quarterly, monthly, weekly,
continue to be effective
daily, or even hourly
- Help planners to identify to
- Focuses policies for
identify issues most likely to
approaching problems,
impact a particular organization
rules for specific
and situation in the future and
regulations and
then to develop an appropriate
procedures for a
plan of action
step-by-step process for
accomplishing particular
Steps in Strategic Planning:
objectives.
● Clearly define the purpose of the
- Made by 1st level managers
organization
● Establish realistic goals and
objectives with the mission of the
organizations
● Identify the organization’s
external constituencies or
stakeholders and then determine
their assessment of the
organization’s purpose and
operations
● Clearly communicate the goals
and objectives to the
organization’s constituents
● Develop a sense of ownership of
the plan

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
Decision Making: - Defined as: the process of actively
- Has a pervasive influence upon and skillfully conceptualizing,
planning and it is a part of the applying, analyzing, synthesizing,
planning process and evaluating information to
- Often thought to be synonymous reach an answer or conclusion
with management
- Both an innermost leadership ● Traditional problem solving
activity and the core of process:
management - Identify the problem
- One of the criteria on which - Gather data to analyze the
management expertise is judged cause and consequences
> quality of the decisions that of the problem
leader-managers make is the - Explore alternatives
factor that often weighs most solutions
heavily in their success or failure - Evaluate the alternatives
- Select the appropriate
Definition: solution
- A complex, cognitive process often - Implement the solution
defined as choosing a particular - Evaluate the results
course of action
- The thought process of selecting ● Weaknesses
a logical choice from the available - Amount of time needed for
options proper implementation
- Part of decision making and is a - Less effective when time
systematic process that focuses constraints are a
on analyzing a difficult situation consideration
- Always includes a decision-making - Lack of initial
step objective-setting step
> to be guided & prevent
Decision Making: from being side-tracked
- Though decision making is the
last step in the problem-solving Nursing Process:
process, it is possible for - Developed by Ida Jean Orlando in
decision-making to occur without the late 1950s
the full analysis required in - Decision making model
problem solving - Greatest strength of the nursing
- Is usually triggered by the process may be its multiple
problem but is often handled in a venues for feedback
manner that does not focus on
eliminating the underlying Modes of Planning:
problem 1. Reactive Planning
- Occurs after a problem
● Critical Thinking exist
- Sometimes referred to as reflective - Planning efforts are
thinking directed at returning the
- Is related to evaluation and has a organization to a previous,
broader scope that more comfortable state
decision-making and - Done in response to a
problem-solving crisis

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
- Can lead to hasty decisions organization
and mistakes > is a desired aim or condition
toward which one is willing to work
2. Inactivism > it change with time & requires
- Seek the status quo, and periodic reevolution
spend energy preventing > have multiple objectives that
change and maintaining each accompanied by target
conformity dates
- When changes do occur, > long-term aims that you want to
they occur slowly and accomplish
incrementally > global in nature, AMBITIOUS
BUT REALISTIC
3. Pre Activism
- Future Oriented a. Individual Goals:
- Utilized technology to Personal goals; based on
accelerate change one’s desired in life
- Do not value experience
and believe that the future b. Group Goals:
is always preferable to the May refer also to
present organizational goals
through a smaller scale
4. Interactive
- Consider the past, present c. Organizational Goals:
and future plans of the Management goals of an
organization organization that are
- Requires adaptability established to justify its
> Proactive, anticipating existence
needs created by change
(Short-term and Long-term Goals)
Elements of Planning:
1. Forecasting the Future ● Objectives:
● Looking into the future > Similar to Goals
● Estimation of time series, > Motivate people to a specific
cross sectional or end
longitudinal data > More specific and measurable
● 3 things should be > Identify HOW & WHEN the goal
considered: is to be accomplished
a. Agency > SMARTER: Specific, Measurable,
b. Community Affected Achievable, Relevant,
c. Goals of Care Time-Bounded, Exciting, Recorded
● Supported by facts,
reasonable estimates and ● Mission or Purpose
accurate reflection of > agency’s reason of existing, who
policies and plans the target clients are, and what
services will be provided
2. Set Objectives/Goals and > reason for the existence of the
Determine Desired Result organization
● GOALS
> broad statements of intent
derived from the purposes of the

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● Vision time frame to reach
> described future goals of the the set goals and
organization objectives
> “The organization will never be - The Planning
greater than the VISION that Formula
guides it” > WHAT, WHEN,
WHERE, HOW, WHO,
● Philosophy WHY, CAN
> Flows from the Mission
Statement & delineates the set of ● Time Management
values & beliefs that guide all > a techniques for
action of the organization allocation of one’s time
> sense of purpose of the through the setting of
organization and the reason goals, assigning priorities,
behind its structure and goals identifying and eliminating
> states the beliefs that influence time wastes and use of
nursing practice and beliefs managerial techniques to
about healthcare reach goals efficiently
> Must be translated into specific
goals and objective Principles of Time
Management:
● Policies 1. Planning for
> are guidelines to help in the safe contingencies
and efficient achievement of > planning
organizational objectives anticipates the
problem that will
● Procedures arise from actions
> are specific directions from
implementing written policies 2. Listing of task
> provide guidelines to thinking > task to be
and action, but procedures are accomplished
definite and specific steps to should be done in
thinking and actions sequence which are
prioritized
3. Develop and Schedule Strategies, according to
Programs/Project importance
● Strategy
> techniques, methods, or 3. Inventory
procedure by which the
overall plan of the higher 4. Sequencing
management achieve
desired objectives 5. Setting and Keeping
deadlines - and
● Programs adhering to
> are activities put together deadline is an
to facilitate attainment of excellent exercise in
some desired goals self-discipline
- Predetermined,
developed and 6. Deciding on how
targeted within a time will be spent

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
● Multitasking Factors in Budget Planning:
> trying to get more things 1. Type of patient, length of
done in less time stay in the hospital and
acuteness of illness
● Budget
> is a process of planning 2. Size of hospital and bed
> may be developed in occupancy
various formats depending
on how the organization is 3. Physical layout of the
structured hospital, size and plan of
> is the annual operating the wards, units, nurse’s
plan, a financial “road map” station, treatment rooms,
and plan which serves as etc.
an estimate for future costs
and a plan for utilization of 4. Personnel Policies
manpower, material and > salaries paid to various
other resources to cover type of nursing personnel
capital projects in the including OT pay or shift
operating programs differential
> Extent of VL, SL, Holidays
> Approaches may be > Provision for staff
considered as: development programs
- Cost centers
- Revenue centers 5. Grouping of patient such
- Profit centers as those in specialized
- Investment centers areas

> Categories 6. Standard of nursing care:

- Incremental > kind and amount of care
- Zero-based to be given as it affects the
- Fixed or Variable number of hours of
bedside care
> Operating Budget
- Revenue 7. The method of performing
- Expense nursing care
> whether simple or
> Nursing Budget complex; the method of
- A plan for allocation documentation
of resources based
on preconceived 8. Proportion of nursing
needs for a provided
proposed series of > by the professional
programs to deliver nurses and those given by
patient care during non-professionals
one fiscal year
9. Amount and quality of
> Hospital Budget supervision available and
- A financial plan to provided
meet future service > the efficiency of the job
expectations description and job

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NRG402-MIDTERMS lectures
classification ● DOH, BON, Professional
Organization, Nursing Programs
10. Method of patient
assignment ● Policies:
> whether functional, case, > are guidelines to help in safe
team or primary and efficient achievement of
organization objectives
11. Amount and kind of labor
> saving devices and - 3 General areas in nursing
equipment which requires policy
formulation:
12. Amount of centralized 1. Areas in which
service provided confusion about the
> sterile supply, central o2 venue of
supply, linen supply responsibility might
result in neglect or
13. Nursing services malperformance of
requirements of ancillary an act necessary to
departments a patient’s welfare
> clinics, admitting office,
ER 2. Areas pertaining to
the protection of
14. Reports required by patients’ and
administration families’ rights as
right to privacy and
15. Affiliation of nursing right to property
students or medical
students 3. Areas involving
matters of
5. Establishing nursing standards, personnel
policies and procedures management and
● Standard welfare
> a practice that enjoys general
recognition and conformity
among professionals or an
authoritative statement by which
quality of practice or education
can be judged

● Nursing care Standards

> a description statement desired
quality against which to evaluate
nursing care

● Improved quality of care

● Decrease the cost of nursing care

● Determine nursing negligence

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