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FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
Communication Project :
Super-heterodyne Receiver
Supervisor
ID number :
201600162
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Definition :-
RF tuning : This RF stage within the overall block diagram for the receiver
provides initial tuning to remove the image signal. It also provides some
amplification. If noise performance for the receiver is important, then this stage
will be designed for optimum noise performance. This RF amplifier circuit block
will also .
increase the signal level so that the noise introduced by later stages is at a lower
level in comparison to the wanted signal.
Local oscillator: The local oscillator circuit block can take a variety of
forms. Early receivers used free running local oscillators. Today most receivers
use frequency synthesizers, normally based around phase locked loops. These
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provide much greater levels of stability and enable frequencies to be
programmed in a variety of ways.
Mixer: Both the local oscillator and incoming signal enter this block within the
super heterodyne receiver. The wanted signal is converted to the intermediate
frequency.
IF amplifier & filter: This super heterodyne receiver block provides the
majority of gain and selectivity. High performance filters like crystal filters may be
used, although LC or ceramic filters may be used within domestic radios.
Demodulator: The super heterodyne receiver block diagram only shows one
demodulator, but in reality, radios may have one or more demodulators
dependent upon the type of signals being receiver.
Working Principle
Signals enter the receiver from the antenna and are applied to the RF amplifier
where they are tuned to remove the image signal and also reduce the general
level of unwanted signals on other frequencies that are not required. The signals
are then applied to the mixer along with the local oscillator where the wanted
signal is converted down to the intermediate frequency. Here significant levels of
amplification are applied and the signals are filtered. This filtering selects signals
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on one channel against those on the next. It is much larger than that employed in
the front end. The advantage of the IF filter as opposed to RF filtering is that the
filter can be designed for a fixed frequency. This allows for much better tuning.
Variable filters are never able to provide the same level of selectivity that can be
provided by fixed frequency ones. Once filtered the next block in the super
heterodyne receiver is the demodulator. This could be for amplitude modulation,
single sideband, frequency modulation, or indeed any form of modulation. It is
also possible to switch different demodulators in according to the mode being
received. The final element in the super heterodyne receiver block diagram is
shown as an audio amplifier, although this could be any form of circuit block that
is used to process or amplified the demodulated signal .
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Project members
Zyad Abdallah abdellhamid
Hesham Mohamed badir
Arwa Mohamed alaa
Kholoud hessien ashour
Mariam Mohamed fahmy
Salma yahia