Literature Review 2
Literature Review 2
Literature Review 2
Bella Ulloa
ENGL 1302-211
9 March 2024
COVID-19 has changed the world in every single aspect. COVID-19 is a respiratory
virus that took over the world in an instant. One case turned into hundreds, then thousands, then
millions, killing people in the process. This virus has changed everything. Different
environments include hospitals, schools, financials due to people losing their jobs because of
quarantine, and a new vaccine. Hospitals needed new beds. Schools went online. Financially, a
majority of the U.S was struggling. The vaccine had its different opinions and views. COVID has
RAND Corporation says, “Strategies might include turning regular hospital beds into
ICU beds, using open ICU beds in the Veterans Health Administration and other federal or non
civilian facilities, using ICU beds in mobile hospitals, and reopening shuttered hospitals” (2).
This quote explains what the hospital staff did in an effort to keep away the infected from the
uninfected. COVID has been known to be a very contagious and deadly virus. For the patients
sake, hospital staff decided to start turning regular beds into ICU beds to be able to prepare
themselves to take in more infected patients to provide them with clinical care. The World
Health Organization explains, “Reduce mortality by providing appropriate clinical care for
individuals affected by COVID-19, ensuring the continuity of essential health and social services
and protecting frontline workers and vulnerable populations” (1). Clinical care requires
Ulloa 2
diagnosing or treatment. In this case, hospitalization. The quote illuminates the importance of
Additionally, Nat Malkus, Cody Christensen, and Jessicca explain “The rapid spread of
COVID-19 left many educators unprepared” (1). The virus is highly contagious, spreading across
the globe in less than a year. COVID-19 had taken over the world in an instant leaving the world
no time to prepare for the pandemic. As a result, schools had to go on lockdown to prevent the
spread. Marshall, David T. demonstrates, “However, what took place this spring was no ordi-
nary transition, and what occurred wasn’t online instruction per se — it is more accurate to
delivery to an alternate delivery mode due to crisis circum-stances” (qtd. in Hodges et al., 2020) ”
(47). Marshall adds on to what had been illuminated by Malkus, Christensen, and Jessica had
explained. Schools had not been prepared for a pandemic to be so quick to arrogate the entire
globe. The spread of COVID had been extremely rapid which left the world unprepared for the
Not only did schools change, so did jobs. The work environment had to also go through
drastic changes. Any work occupations that involve being in the presence of other people are at
high risk of getting COVID or spreading the virus. Jobs that are at high risk of spread include
any meat processing environments, office jobs, and gyms (3). To prevent further spreading,
World Health Organization elucidates, “Policies that encourage ill workers to self-isolate through
income support programs, furlough and quarantine policies were found to be effective in
preventing workplace outbreaks (69) (70) (71). Interventions that limit workplace social
interaction and reduce workplace density were effective in decreasing infection rates (51) (72)
(73) (74) (75)” (4). The World Health Organization illuminates the importance of taking
Ulloa 3
COVID has changed the world. Carlo Altomonte, Maria Demertzis, Lionel Fontagné, and
Steffen Müller explain the financial situation in the European country, Italy. “In Italy, firms that
were less productive before COVID-19 faced higher risk of default during the pandemic” (5).
The authors reveal that COVID was not just a simple virus, it affected not only people’s but
company's financials.
Undoubtedly, the new vaccine had some people question the effectiveness and whether it
should be mandatory. The COVID vaccine had been developed within a year when the pandemic
started leaving some people in suspicion whether it should be mandatory to get it or not. Khor
Swee Kheng and Nurul Ezzaty Hasbullah explain the importance of raising public trust to help
make the vaccine mandatory. The authors illustrate, “This includes increasing education and
correcting or preventing false information on social media, all underpinned by the equitable
availability and accessibility of vaccines” (01). The authors explain that to get the public’s trust,
it is important to provide education on the vaccine and put a stop to spreading false information
around on any form of network. Then comes the distribution of the vaccine. Authors Kaitlin
Hunter and David Kendall explain, “They are focused on key issues like who should be
considered essential workers, what underlying health conditions in vulnerable patients should be
taken into account, what living environments—such as nursing homes and homeless shelters—
put people at the highest risk, and should they prioritize people of color” (5). Adding on to the
trust of the public, the authors focus on how it is important to figure out the importance of who
COVID is a respiratory virus that has taken over the world in less than a year. COVID
has changed different environments such as hospitals, schools, and financials. While all this was
Ulloa 4
unfolding, the vaccine had been created in less than a year after the pandemic struck. COVID has
made the world evolve in every aspect. Hospitals had to make new beds. Schools went online
which affected students. Financially, most people were struggling. The vaccine had its own
Works Cited
Altomonte, Carlo, et al. COVID-19 Financial Aid and Productivity: Has Support Been Well
Spent? Bruegel, 2021. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep38514. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024.
Hein, Wolfgang, and Anne Paschke. Access to COVID-19 Vaccines and Medicines – a Global
Public Good. German Institute of Global and Area Studies (GIGA), 2020. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25695. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024.
Hunter, Kaitlin, and David Kendall. Equitable and Efficient Distribution of a COVID-19
Vaccine. Third Way, 2020. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25616. Accessed 3 Mar.
2024.
Kheng, Khor Swee, and Nurul Ezzaty Hasbullah. Should COVID-19 Vaccines Be Mandatory?
Institute of Strategic and International Studies, 2020. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep29705. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024
Malkus, Nat, et al. School District Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Round 6, Ending the
Year of School Closures. American Enterprise Institute, 2020. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep25360. Accessed 1 Mar. 2024.
Marshall, David T., et al. “How Teachers Experienced the COVID-19 Transition to Remote
Instruction.” The Phi Delta Kappan, vol. 102, no. 3, 2020, pp. 46–50. JSTOR,
https://www.jstor.org/stable/26977191. Accessed 3 Mar. 2024
RAND Corporation. Critical Care Surge Capacity in U.S. Hospitals: Strategies for Responding
to the COVID-19 Pandemic. RAND Corporation, 2020. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep24272. Accessed 1 Mar. 2024.
Ulloa 6
World Health Organization. Critical Preparedness, Readiness and Response Actions for
COVID-19: Interim Guidance. World Health Organization, 2020. JSTOR,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep28214. Accessed 1 Mar. 2024.
World Health Organization. Preventing and Mitigating COVID-19 at Work: Policy Brief. World
Health Organization, 2021. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/resrep33228. Accessed 3 Mar.
2024.