Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2023

Pearson Edexcel International GCSE

In Physics (4PH1) Paper 1P
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Summer 2023
Question Paper Log Number P71955A
Publications Code 4PH1_1P_2306_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment.

Examiners must mark the first candidate in exactly the
same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates
must be rewarded for what they have shown they can do
rather than penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade
boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be
awarded. Examiners should always award full marks if
deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the mark scheme.
Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according
to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of
the mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team
leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate
has replaced it with an alternative response.
 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
1 (a) A (becquerel); 1

B is incorrect because it is the unit of mass

C is incorrect because it is the unit of force
D is incorrect because it is the unit of pressure

(b) A (time taken for the activity of a substance to 1

halve);

B is incorrect because the substance will not

completely decay
C is incorrect because the substance will not
completely decay
D is incorrect because the substance cannot decay
twice

(c) (i) stopwatch; 2

GM tube;

(ii) point at t = 20s identified; 1

(iii) any indication of a halving in activity; e.g. 50→25 2

40→20 etc. seen in
working
allow ÷2, ×½ seen in
working
half-life = 15 (s); allow full credit in
range 14−16 (s)

(iv) any indication that decay is random; allow unpredictable 1

allow references to
background
radiation/count varying

Total for Question 1 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
2 (a) correct circuit symbols for all of; allow cell, battery or 4
• suitable power source power supply for power
• ammeter source
• voltmeter allow or
• filament lamp filament lamp symbol
condone lines drawn
through ammeter and
voltmeter symbols
ammeter drawn in series with lamp;
voltmeter drawn in parallel with lamp; allow voltmeter drawn in
parallel with power source
if no other resistive
components in circuit
means of varying current or voltage i.e. variable ignore thermistor or LDR
resistor/variable power supply;
allow or
for variable resistor

(b) (i) current increases as voltage increases; condone proportional 2

relationship for this mark
only

idea of non-linear relationship; reject this mark if

proportional relationship
described
allow decreasing gradient,
current increases at a
decreasing rate
condone slowing rate

(ii) voltage = current × resistance; allow rearrangements 1

and standard symbols
e.g. R = V/I
ignore ‘c’ or ‘C’ for current
ignore formulae expressed
in units e.g. V = A × Ω

(iii) substitution; allow current = 2.40-2.45 3

(A)
rearrangement; allow R = V/I seen
anywhere in working
evaluation;

e.g.
7.2 = 2.40 × R
R = 7.2/2.40
R = 3.0 (Ω) allow 2.9-3.0 (Ω)

Total for Question 2 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
3 (a) substitution into given formula; ignore units 3
rearrangement; allow E = P × t
correct evaluation; -1 for not converting
units or converting units
incorrectly
if no other mark scored
then evidence of 43 200
seen in working scores 1
mark
e.g.
0.27 = energy / 43 200
energy = 0.27 × 43 200
(energy =) 12 000 (J) allow 11 700, 11 660,
11 664 (J)
3.24 (J), 194.4 (J) or
answers rounded from
these values score 2
marks

(b) (i) idea that current exceeds the fuse rating; allow when current is 3
too high, surge of
current etc.
ignore current
increasing
fuse (wire) melts; allow fuse breaks, fuse
blows
ignore fuse burns
idea that device is isolated; allow idea that circuit is
broken

(ii) any two from: 2

MP1. idea that fuse rating is much higher than allow fuse value is too
normal current; high
MP2. idea that there is still current (even if there is allow fuse will not
a fault); melt/break/blow
MP3. idea that (connecting lead/TV) will allow idea of causing
overheat/cause a fire; damage to TV / circuit

Total for Question 3 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
4 (a) (i) speed = frequency × wavelength; allow rearrangements 1
and standard symbols
e.g. λ = v/f
allow s for speed

(ii) substitution; ignore units 3

rearrangement;
evaluation; -1 for POT error from
not converting units or
an incorrect attempt at
converting units

e.g.
3.0 × 108 = 170 (× 106) × λ
λ = v/f OR λ = 3.0 × 108/170 (× 106)
(wavelength =) 1.8 (m) allow 1.76(4…) (m)

(b) (i) reflected ray/wavefronts drawn to right of ‘normal’ normal does not need 3
and above rock; to be drawn
reflection angle does
not need to be correct
ignore if wavefronts
extended in to the rock

wavefronts perpendicular to reflected ray; can only be scored if

first mark awarded
judge by eye

wavefronts parallel to each other and spacing can only be scored if

consistent with incident wavefronts; first mark awarded
judge by eye

e.g.

(ii) any three from: 3

MP1. wavefronts closer together; ignore wavelength is
smaller
MP2. idea that rock is (optically) denser than soil; allow wave refracts
towards normal
allow idea that rock has
a larger refractive index
MP3. idea of reduction in speed;
MP4. idea of constant frequency;
MP5. correct reference to wave speed equation / can only be scored if
speed = frequency × wavelength; MP3 or MP4 awarded

Total for Question 4 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
5 (a) any four from: 4
MP1. measurement of area of foot/feet;
MP2. idea of drawing round foot/feet on
squared/grid/graph paper (to measure
area);
MP3. measurement of weight / use of W = mg; allow if weight referred
to in a calculation
MP4. use of a balance / scale(s) (to measure allow newtonmeter
weight/mass);
MP5. use of p = F ÷ A; expressed in words or
symbols

(b) weight = 6600 (N); allow use of g = 9.8, 9.81 3

(N/kg) to get
weight = 6468, 6474.6 (N)
substitution into p = F / A;
correct evaluation; -1 for POT error
allow 5 (N/cm2) if
supported by working

using mass instead of

weight to get 0.51
(N/cm2) scores 2 marks
max.
e.g.
weight = 660 × 10 = 6600 (N)
pressure = 6600 / 1300
(pressure =) 5.1 (N/cm2) allow 5.076… (N/cm2)
condone 5.0 (N/cm2)
allow 4.975…, 4.980…
(N/cm2) from use of
different values of g

Total for Question 5 = 7 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
6 (a) (i) (travel at) {same speed/speed of light/in allow can be reflected / 1
vacuum}; refracted / diffracted
OR
idea that waves can travel through space / a allow don’t need a medium to
vacuum; travel

(ii) (excessive exposure may cause) cancer; allow cell mutations, cell 1
damage, DNA damage, DNA
mutations, radiation sickness

(iii) all marks can be awarded from 3

clearly labelled diagram
mention of oscillations/vibrations;

{oscillation/vibrations/particle movement} are allow along the line of travel

parallel to {direction of wave (travel) /
direction of energy transfer} of wave for
longitudinal;

{oscillation/vibrations/particle movement} allow right angles, 90° for

are perpendicular to {direction of wave perpendicular
(travel) / direction of energy transfer} of wave
for transverse;

(b) use of relevant pieces of measuring apparatus e.g. 4

for mass AND volume; • balance
• measuring cylinder
ignore scale(s)
idea of use of displacement method for e.g.
volume; • using a eureka can
• placing in a measuring
cylinder
further correct detail of displacement e.g.
method; • collect displaced water from
eureka can to measure
volume
• measure initial and final
volumes in measuring
cylinder to calculate volume
further experimental accuracy detail; e.g.
• not splashing
• totally submerged
• filling eureka can completely
to the spout
• collecting all drips from
eureka can spout
• reading measuring cylinder
at eye level
• balance on flat surface
• ensure balance is zeroed
• measure mass of dry bone
(c) correct formula selected; seen or implied by working 4
substitution;
evaluation; -1 for POT error
answer given to 2 sf; mark independently

e.g.
density = mass / volume
density = 17 / 13
density = 1.3… (g/cm3)
density = 1.3 (g/cm3)

Total for Question 6 = 13 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
7 (a) 0 / none / zero (J); 1

(b) substitution into given formula E = V × I × t; allow use of P = E/t and 2

P = VI
correct evaluation to at least 3 s.f.;

e.g.
energy = 7.1 × 3.9 × 0.42
energy = 11.6… (J)

(c) energy transferred to motor electrically from allow electric, 3

battery 12 J; electrical

kinetic energy store of motor 10 J;

thermal store of the surroundings 2 J; condone heat

(d) useful and total energies correctly selected; allow ecf from (c) 3
substitution into efficiency formula;
evaluation; allow lack of 100 i.e.
0.83 if % sign removed
from answer line

e.g.
10 (J) and 12 (J) seen in working
efficiency = 10/12 (×100%)
efficiency = 83 (%) allow 83.3… (%)

Total for Question 7 = 9 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
8 (a) any reference to absorption or reflection (of infra- 2
red/heat);
idea that snow/white objects are poor also scores first mark
absorbers/good reflectors (of infra-red/heat);

(b) any two from: 2

MP1. idea that ground / drain cover is warmer than allow RA
snow;
MP2. idea that drain cover / metal is a good
conductor;
MP3. energy transfers from drain cover to snow; condone heat for
energy
must be correct
direction of energy
transfer

(c) any two from: 2

MP1. idea that warmer air rises; allow RA
allow warm particles
rise
MP2. idea that colder air is nearest the snow; ignore nearest the
ground
MP3. (rate of) energy/heat transfer (from air) to
snow decreases;

Total for Question 8 = 6 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
9 (a) substitution into given formula; allow use of g = 9.8, 2
9.81 N/kg
evaluation; -1 for POT error but
only if not due to
omitting g
allow answers rounding
to 13 000 (Pa)

e.g.
pressure difference = 14 000 × 10 × 0.094

pressure difference = 13 000 (Pa) allow 13 200, 13 160

(Pa)

(b) (i) idea that distance is area under graph; expressed explicitly or 3
implied from working
allow alternative
method that distance =
average speed × time
correct values read from graph; expect 47 and 0.20 to
be seen in working
working arriving at 4.7 (cm); DOP

(ii) any viable attempt at a gradient; allow use of v2=u2 + 2as 3

correct use of 47 and 0.20 in gradient calculation; allow other suitable
values for gradient e.g.
35 (cm/s) in 0.15 (s)
acceleration in range (−)230 to (−)240 (cm/s2);

(c) idea of (gas) particles speeding up; allow KE of particles 3

increases
idea of more frequent collisions between particles
and liquid/walls/container;
idea of harder collisions between particles and allow force (on
liquid/walls/container; container) increases

Total for Question 9 = 11 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
10 (a) one mark for each correct row;;;; reject mark for row if more 4
than one tick

(b) (i) all points correct; within ½ small square 1

(ii) curve goes through all points; judge by eye 1

ignore curve before first data
point

(iii) constant correctly calculated for one row of 4

table;
constant correctly calculated for another row of
table;

statement/expression comparing constants; allow even if comparison

suggests the constants are
not equal
consistent conclusion about relationship based DOP
on comparison of constants;

Total for Question 10 = 10 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
11 (a) idea that voltage across resistor is difference allow 0.87 seen or 4
between cell and diode voltage; 1.5−0.63 seen
rearrangement of V = IR;
evaluation in A;
conversion to mA;
condone use of
incorrect voltage to
give 0.0066, 0.0224,
0.0158 (A) = 1 mark
e.g. 6.6, 22.4, 15.8 (mA) = 2
marks
voltage across resistor = 1.5 − 0.63 = 0.87 (V)
I = V/R = 0.87/95
current = 0.00915… (A)
current = 9.2 (mA) allow current =
9.15…(mA)

(b) any four from: 4

MP1. resistance (of circuit) decreased;
MP2. (because) extra path in circuit;
MP3. resistance (of circuit) halved; also scores MP1
allow calculation of
resistance (=81.9Ω)
MP4. idea that voltage across parallel branches is reject if idea that cell
the same (as previous voltage); voltage is shared
between branches
MP5. current (in ammeter) increased; allow current in
ammeter is sum of
currents in branches
MP6. current (in ammeter) doubled; also scores MP5
allow calculation of
current (=18mA)

Total for Question 11 = 8 marks

 Question
Answer Notes Marks
number
12 (a) idea of a current (in the coil); ignore references to 1
electromagnets

(b) (i) d.c. travels in one direction only; 2

idea of a.c. continuously changing direction; allow keeps changing
direction, changes
direction constantly
etc.

(ii) idea of changing magnetic field (from transmitter 3

coil);
idea of gold ring cutting field lines; allow field moving
through ring
ignore ring interacting
with field
idea of induced voltage for gold ring; ignore induced current

(c) any four from: 4

MP1. alternating current in loudspeaker;
MP2. magnetic fields interact (in loudspeaker); ignore fields cutting
MP3. causing a force (on loudspeaker cone); allow coil for cone
MP4. a.c. causes changing force direction;
MP5. loudspeaker (cone) vibrates; allow coil for cone
allow description of
vibrations e.g. “back
and forth”

Total for Question 12 = 10 marks

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