4. What is the basis of Respect for a human being?

5. What can be the basis of an undivided society - the world family?

Justice is the recognition of values (the definite feelings) in relationship, their fulfilment, the right
evaluation of the fulfilment resulting in mutual happiness. Justice concerns itself with the proper
ordering of things and people within a society. There are four elements: Recognition of values,
fulfilment, evaluation and mutual happiness ensured. When all the four are ensured, justice is
ensured. Mutual fulfilment is the hallmark of justice. And justice is essential in all relationships.
Justice starts from family and slowly expands to the world family. The child gets the understanding of
justice in the family. With this understanding, he goes out in the society and interacts with people

If the understanding of justice is ensured in the family, there will be justice in all the interactions we
have in the world at large. If we do not understand the values in relationships, we are governed by
our petty prejudices and conditionings. We may treat people as high or low based on their body
(particular caste, or sex or race or tribe), on the basis of wealth one possesses or the belief systems
that one follows. All this is source of injustice and leads to fragmented society while our natural
acceptance is for an undivided society and universal human order. Having explored the harmony in
the human beings, we are able to explore the harmony in the family. This enables us to understand
the harmony at the level of society and nature/existence. And this is the way, the harmony in our
living grows. We slowly get the competence to live in harmony with all human beings.
7. ‘Discrimination leads to acrimony in relationships’. Explain. What problems are created when we
discriminate?

Respect means accepting individuality and doing right evaluation (to be evaluated as I am).
Today, we are differentiating in the name of respect. We either differentiate people on the
basis of their body, on the basis of their wealth and possessions or on the basis of their
beliefs. There is no notion of respect in terms of right evaluation. Thus, there is no real
feeling of relationship, only one of differentiation

Differentiation based on sex/gender: Issue of women’s rights, and women protesting and
demanding for equality in education, in jobs, and in peoples’ representation. People are
insecure and afraid of one another based on their gender.
Differentiation based on race: there are many movements and protect against racial
discrimination and demands for equality, racial attacks, movements against cast
discrimination has people living in fear of such racism, racist attacks, casticism and
discrimination.

Differentiation based on age: Protests and movements demanding for equal rights for
children on the one hand and for rights for elderly people on the other, generation gap

Differentiation based on wealth: Class struggle and movements to do away with class-
differentiation. Many people suffering from a lack of self-esteem and some even committing
suicide,

Differentiation based on post: Protests against high handed government officials. At the
level of the individual, leads to depression, etc.

Differentiation based on ’isms: Fights, turmoil, terrorism and war, people converting from
one Ism to another in order to be able to get more respect.

Differentiation based on sects: Countless religions and sects and each sect has its own
movement to ensure that there is no discrimination against people of their belief. Demands
for special provisions in jobs and in education.

8. What is intension and competence? How do they affect human relationship?

: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human being
inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous” is known as trust. Mutual trust
is a shared belief that we can depend on each other to achieve a common purpose. Trust is the
expectation of people that they can rely on our word. It is built through integrity and consistency in
relationships. There are two aspects in trust:

1. Intention (wanting to – our natural acceptance)

2. Competence (being able to do)

Both intention and competence are the aspects of trust. Intention is what one aspires for (our
natural acceptance) and competence is the ability to fulfil the aspiration. In intention every human
being wants to do what is right, only the competence may be lacking which needs to be developed
through proper understanding and practice. But what we are doing today is that when we are
judging ourself we are judging on the basis of our intention, whereas, when we are judging the other
we are judging him on the basis of his competence.

We trust our own intention while we are not ready to trust the others intention. It is the same for
other as well. We find that while we look at our intention, we are sure of it, we are not sure of the
other’s intention. We are actually seeing their competence, and making a conclusion on their
intention. Hence, mistrust is born and we deny the relationship. We seldom look at our competence
and other’s intention.

It is very important to differentiate between intention and competence. If we have trust on intention,
we have a feeling of being related to the other and we start helping the other to improve his
competence, if he does not have enough.

9) Describe the concept of an undivided society and the universal order and explain

how both these can help to create a world family.

Refer -->5. What can be the basis of an undivided society - the world family?

10. What do you mean by understanding the harmony in society?

a) Affection b) Love c) Guidance

12. Explain the following

a) Reverence b) Glory c) Gratitude

1. Trust: Trust or vishwas is the foundational value in relationship. “To be assured that each human
being inherently wants oneself and the other to be happy and prosperous.” If we have trust in the
other, we are able to see the other as a relative and not as an adversary.

2. Respect: Respect means individuality. The sense of individuality is prime object. This is the first
basic step towards respect (sammana). Once we realized that we are individual then only we can see
our self different from others. In other words, respect means right evaluation, to be evaluated as I
am.

3. Affection: Affection is the feeling of being related to the other. Affection comes when I
recognize that we both want to make each other happy and both of us are similar.

4. Care: The feeling of care is the feeling to nurture and protect the body of our relative. Or in
other words a state of mind in which one is troubled; worry, anxiety, or concern is called care.

5. Guidance: The feeling of ensuring right understanding and feelings in the other (my relative) is
called guidance. We understand the need of self (‘I’) for right understanding and feelings. We also
understand that the other is similar to me in his/her faculty of natural acceptance, desire of wanting
continuous happiness and the program of living in harmony at all the four levels.

6. Reverence: The feeling of acceptance of excellence in the other is called reverence. When we
see that the other has achieved this excellence- which means to understand and to live in harmony
at all the levels of living ensuring continuity of happiness, we have a feeling of reverence for him/her.

7. Glory: Each one of us wants to live with continuous happiness and prosperity. Each one of us
has the similar faculty of natural acceptance, has the same goal and program and we have the same
potential to realize this. Glory is the feeling for someone who has made efforts for excellence.

8. Gratitude: Gratitude is the feeling of acceptance for those who have made efforts for my
excellence. Gratitude is an emotion that occurs after people receive help, depending on how they
interpret the situation.

9. Love: Love is the emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love is a
feeling of warm personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. This feeling
or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings.
It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it
slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings.
13. Define ‘love’. How can you say that the love is the complete value?

: Love is called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all human beings. It is the
emotion of strong affection and personal attachment. In other words, love is a feeling of warm
personal attachment or deep affection, as for a parent, child, or friend. It starts with identifying that
one is related to the other human being (the feeling of affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling
of being related to all human beings.

The word love can refer to a variety of different feelings, states, and attitudes, ranging from generic
pleasure ("I loved that meal") to intense interpersonal attraction ("I love my wife"). "Love" can also
refer specifically to the passionate desire and intimacy of romantic love, to the sexual love of Eros (cf.
Greek words for love), to the emotional closeness of familial love, or to the platonic love that defines
friendship, to the profound oneness or devotion of religious love. This diversity of uses and
meanings, combined with the complexity of the feelings involved, makes love unusually difficult to
consistently define, even compared to other emotional states.

This feeling or value is also called the complete value since this is the feeling of relatedness to all
human beings. It starts with identifying that one is related to the other human being (the feeling of
affection) and it slowly expands to the feeling of being related to all human beings. The feeling of
love leads to an undivided society, it starts from a family and slowly expands to the world family in
the form of love.

14. What is the meaning of Education and Sanskãra? How does Sanskãra follow

education?

: The five dimensions of human endeavour are:

1. Education – Right Living ( Sikshã - Sanskãra ) (or ‘Shiksha-Sanskar’ for simplicity)

2. Health – Self-regulation (Svãsthya-Sanyama) (or ‘Svasthya-Sanyam’ for simplicity)

3. Justice – Preservation (Nyãya-Surakshã) (or ‘Nyaya-Suraksha’ for simplicity)

4. Production – Work (Utpãdana-Kãrya) (or ‘Utpadan-Karya’ for simplicity)

5. Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kos.a) (or ‘Vinimaya-Kosh’ for simplicity)

Education-Right Living ( Sikshã-Sanskãra )

‘Education – Right Living’ is made up of two words – Education & Right Living.

The content of education is the understanding of harmony at all the four levels of our existence –

from myself to the entire existence.

Right Living or Sanskãra refers to the ability to live in harmony at all the four levels of living.

Thus,

Education = To understand harmony at all four levels of living.

Right Living = Commitment and preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of
living.

It is important to realize that understanding of harmony is accompanied by learning to live in

harmony at all the levels and doing things that ensure harmony at all the levels. The competence

gained from understanding enables us to live in harmony.

We have to ensure the availability and continuity of Education-Right Living in our society. This

dimension of society works to ensure ‘Right Understanding’ and ‘Right Feelings’ or

‘Allencompassing Solution’ called samãdhãna’ in every individual and ensures that our

succeeding generations have both the content and the environment available to work towards

achieving their goal of continuous happiness and prosperity. This is the goal and objective of

education.

15. What are the goals of human being living in the society

16. State and explain systems required to achieve human goals.

Comprehensive human goals are right understanding, prosperity, fearlessness and co-existence.
Programs needed to achieve the comprehensive human goals are:

1. Education – Right Living (Siksha – Sanskar)

2. Health – Self Regulation (Svasthya – Sanyam)

3. Justice – Preservation (Nyaya – Suraksha)

4. Production – Work (Utpadan – Kriya)

5. Exchange – Storage (Vinimaya – Kosh)

Education – Right Living: Education refers to understanding hormony at all four levels of living. While
right living refers to commitment and preparedness to live in harmony at all four levels of living.

Health – Self Regulation: Sanyama refers to a feeling of responsibility for nurturing, protecting and
rightly utilizing the body. When the body is fit to act according to the needs of the self (‘I’), and, there
is harmony among the parts of the body, it is referred to as health or svasthya.

Justice – Preservation: Justice (nyaya) refers to harmony in the relationship between human beings,
while preservation (suraksha) refers to harmony in the relationship between human being and the
rest of nature.

Exchange – Storage: Exchange (vinimaya) refers to the exchange of physical facilities between the
members of the society, while storage (kosa) refers to the storage of physical facilities that is left after
fulfilling the needs of the family.
We can now see how these five dimensions of humanistic society are able to ensure the human goal:

Education – Right living leads to Right understanding

 Having the process of education and right living leads to right understanding in the individual.

Health – Self-regulation leads to Prosperity

 Having the program for health and sanyam leads to well-being of the body, nad identification of
need for physical facilities which along with production ensures feeling of prosperity in the family.

Justice – Preservation leads to Fearlessness and Co-existence (respectively)

 Ensuring justice in relationship, or mutual fulfilment in relationship on the basis of values like Trust,
Respect, etc leads to fearlessness in society, while Suraksha of nature – via enrichment, protection
and right utilization leads to co-existence in nature.

Production – Work leads to Prosperity and Co-existence

 Production and work are for physical facilities, and this leads to a feeling of prosperity in the family.
Production is done in harmony with nature, and hence, this also leads to co-existence with nature.

Exchange – Storage leads to Prosperity and Fearlessness

 When we store and exchange for mutual fulfilment and not for exploitation, then it leads to
fearlessness (trust) in society.

18. Explain others intention to make me happy, considering natural acceptance and

your ability

. Explain society, crowd and battlefield with reference to harmony in society

Families living together, in a relationship of mutual fulfillment

(common goal)

Society

People living together, but not in relationship of mutual fulfillment

(differing goals)

Crowd

People living separately, in opposition / struggle

(conflicting goals)

Battlefield