Subject: Technical Drawing

Name: Taneil Allessandra Barnett

School: Wolmer’s Trust High School for Girls
Candidate No.:
Centre No.:
Territory: Jamaica
Year: 2021

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Table of Contents
Acknowledgement ...................................................................
................................................. 3
Section A: Fundamentals of
Industry ..........................................................................
.......... 4
Construction
industry: .........................................................................
................................... 5
Manufacturing
industry: .........................................................................
................................ 5
Organizational
Structures; .......................................................................
............................... 6
Construction Company Organization: Wepro
Ltd. ................................................................ 7
What is technical
drawing? ..........................................................................
....................... 8
Why is technical drawing
important? ........................................................................
......... 8
To whom is technical drawing
important? ........................................................................
. 8
Tools in Technical
Drawing ...........................................................................
.................... 9
Types of Lines in Technical
Drawing ...........................................................................
... 10
Types of Drawing
Conventions .......................................................................
................. 10
International Drawing
Codes .............................................................................
............... 12
Occupational Health and
Safety ............................................................................
........... 13
Fires and Fire
Extinguishers .....................................................................
.................... 14

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 Acknowledgement
I would like to acknowledge my mother for helping me edit the writing in this SBA,
my
teacher and Miss Davis for teaching the topics to its full extent. I would also
like to thank all
the websites that have provided me with the content to be able to complete this
SBA.

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Section A: Fundamentals of Industry

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Construction industry:
• The branch of manufacture and trade based on the building, maintaining, and
repairing of structures. This includes:
o drilling and solid mineral exploration.
o Architectural companies, building construction industries and interior
architects.

Manufacturing industry:
• The branch of manufacture and trade based on the fabrication, processing, or
preparation of products from raw materials and commodities. This includes:
o all foods, chemicals, textiles, machines, and equipment,
o all refined metals, minerals derived from extracted ores,
o all lumber, wood, and pulp products.

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Organizational Structures;
• An organizational structure is a system that outlines how certain activities
are directed
in order to achieve the goals of an organization.
• Top-down structure: A top-down approach in business describes a
traditional
organizational style that emphasizes the imperatives and vision of
upper
management.

• Flat Structure: A flat structure is an organisational structure with

only a few
layers of management. In a flat structure, managers have a wide span
of
control with more subordinates, and there is usually a short chain of
command.

• Matrix Structure: A matrix organizational structure is a workplace

format in
which employees report to two or more managers rather than one manager
overseeing every aspect of a project.

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Construction Company Organization: Wepro Ltd.
This company provides quality contractor and construction services for tourism,
commercial
and residential purposes. This company has a flat organizational structure as seen
below:

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 What is technical drawing?
Technical drawings are drawings done with great precision, they require the use of
the
compass, protractor, ruler, etc. and drawing software. They are done to scale and
respect the
proportions of the object represented.

Why is technical drawing important?

Technical drawing allows efficient communication among industrial persons and can
be kept
as a record of the planning process. A technical drawing is a much more effective
tool for
engineers than a written plan because it offers an easier way to display plans.

To whom is technical drawing important?

Drafters (electrical, architectural, electronics) are engineering technicians who
make detailed
technical drawings or plans for machinery, buildings, electronics, infrastructure
etc.

Carpenters construct, erect, install, and repair structures and fixtures made from
wood and
other materials. They are involved in many different kinds of construction, from
the building
of highways and bridges to the installation of kitchen cabinets.

Architects who plan, design and oversee the construction of buildings. To practice
architecture means to provide services in connection with the design of buildings
and the
space within the site surrounding the buildings.

Engineers are professionals who invent, design, analyse, build and test machines,
complex
systems, structures, gadgets and materials.

Interior Designers make interior spaces functional, safe, and beautiful for almost
every type
of building. Interior designers make indoor spaces functional, safe, and beautiful
by
determining space requirements and selecting needed and decorative items, such as
colours,
lighting, and materials.

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Tools in Technical Drawing
Instrument Name Description

A Tee-square The T-square is made of a long strip called the

blade, fastened at right angles to a shorter
piece called the head.

B 2 set-squares Most inclined lines are drawn at standard

(45̊, 30̊-60̊) angles using the 45º x 45º triangle and the 30º
x 60º triangle.
In addition to drawing angles of 90º, 45º,
30º,
and 60º, set squares can be combined to draw
angles of 15º increments.

C Bow The bow compass has a centre wheel and can

Compass be adjusted simply by opening or closing the
legs of the compass while turning the centre
wheel.

D Drawing High-quality drawing pencils should be used

Pencils in technical drawing, never ordinary writing
pencils.
Many makes of mechanical pencils are
available together with refill leads in all
grades. Choose a mechanical pencil that feels
comfortable in your hand.

E Drawing The left edge and right edge of a drawing

board board has a true straight edge.

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Types of Lines in Technical Drawing
Lines Description Uses

A Continuous a. Outlines
thick

B Continuous a. Dimension lines

thin b. Construction lines
c. Hatching lines
d. Projection lines

C Dashed lines a. Hidden detail

D Chain lines a. Centre lines

b. Pitch circle
c. Path lines for
indicating movement

E Thick chained a. Cutting planes

lines b. Viewing planes

F Ruled zig-zag a. Long break lines

lines

G Thick wavy a. Short break lines

lines b. Irregular boundary
lines

Types of Drawing Conventions

Title Subject Convention

Straight Knurling

Diamond Knurling

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Square on Shaft

Compression
springs

Break lines

Splined shafts

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 International Drawing Codes
• A building code is a set of rules that specify the standards for
constructed objects
such as building and non-building structures.
For building drawing, building codes would be most appropriate since these
codes
have to do with the specified standards for building structures. Five
examples of codes
would be:
o International Building Code (IBC)
o International Energy Conservation Code (IECC)
o International Existing Building Code (IEBC)
o International Fire Code (IFC)
o International Fuel Gas Code (IFGC)
• Engineering codes are a set of rules and specifications or systematic
procedures for
design, fabrication, installation and inspection methods prepared in such a
manner
that it is adopted by a legal jurisdiction.
• The Local Standards are a comprehensive document compiled by an expert
which
outlines statutory, regulatory or customary standards for the country
concerned.
Examples from Jamaica are:
o Building standards are:
➢ JS ASTM F1083: Specification for pipe steels
➢ JS ISO 10545-9: Specification for ceramic tiles
o Mechanical standards are:
➢ JS 262: Specification for vehicle brake fluid
➢ JS 269: Specification for vehicle tires
• The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) is an association of North
American
steel producers. It was used in the development of iron and steel bars.
They are one of
the oldest trade associations and have set the standards for the production
of steel.
• The British Standard (BS) refers to the specification of recommended
procedure,
quality of output, terminology and other details.
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an international
standard
setting body composed of representatives from various national standards
organizations.
.

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Occupational Health and Safety

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 Fires and Fire Extinguishers
What is a fire made of?
The elements needed to produce a fire are oxygen, heat, fuel and chemical reaction.

Classification of Fires
Class A - fires involving solid materials such as wood, paper or textiles.
Class B - fires involving flammable liquids such as petrol, diesel or oils.
Class C - fires involving gases.
Class D - fires involving metals.
Class E - fires involving live electrical apparatus.
Class F - fires involving cooking oils such as in deep-fat fryers.

Fire Extinguishers
• Water extinguishers- Class A
o All water Extinguishers have a red label. They are very cost-
effective.
• Foam extinguishers- Class A and Class B
o Foam extinguishers have a cream label. They are more versatile than
water
extinguishers because they can be used on solids.
• Powder extinguishers- Class A, Class B, Class C and Class E
o Powder extinguishers have a blue label. They are the most versatile
although
they do not cool the fire so it can re-ignite. They can also cause
breathing
problems. In fact, it is recommended that it isn’t used in buildings
unless
absolutely necessary.
• Carbon Dioxide extinguishers (co2)- Class B and Class E
o Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers (CO2) have a black label. These work by
smothering the fire and cutting off its air supply and they don’t
leave behind a
residue.

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• Wet Chemical extinguishers- Class A and Class F
o Wet chemical extinguishers have a yellow label. They are extremely
effective
when used correctly. They knock the flame out, cool the oil and form a
soap-
like substance that prevents reignition.

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 Safety Rules to be Observed

1. Don’t run in the workshop.

2. Be equipped with appropriate safety wear PPE (face shields, gloves, helmets
etc.).
3. Keep work areas and emergency exits clear.
4. Tie up long hair.
5. Any person affected by drugs or alcohol are not permitted in the workshop.
6. Never work in the workshop by yourself.
7. No personnel shall indulge in fighting, horseplay or practical jokes within the
site.
8. Turn all machines off before cleaning them.
9. Always listen to the teacher or instructor.
10. Know where the location button is and how it looks.
11. Ensure storage areas comply with applicable rules to prevent fire hazards.
12. A machine should be operated by one person at a time.
13. Tools should be placed where they belong when not in use.
14. Report any damage done to the machines.
15. Use correct posture when lifting heavy equipment.

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 Report an Accident
This is a form which is filled out in order to record the details of an incident
that occurred
at a facility which resulted in an individual being injured.
Below is an example of an Accident Report:

Details of accident:

Date of accident: Friday, October 1, 2021

Time of accident: 8:30 a.m.

Where did the accident occur? At Wolmer’s Girls Art Lab

Briefly describe what happened: Safiya slipped on water spilled on the floor and
hit her head.

Details of injured person:

Name: Safiya Francis

Gender: Female

Nature of injury: Swelling on the forehead

Was first-aid applied? YES

If yes state: The nurse applied a cold compress to her forehead.

Name of person completing the report: Taneil Barnett

Signature:

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Section B: Geometric Construction

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Plane Geometry

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Solid Geometry

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 Reference Page
https://www.hq.nasa.gov/iwgsdi/Construction.html

https://smallbusiness.chron.com/topdown-approach-business-
66018.html#:~:text=A%20top%2Ddown%20approach%20in,and%20vision%20of%20upper
%20management.&text=Most%20small%20businesses%20automatically%20use,two%20lay
ers%3A%20owner%20and%20employees.

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