The Kalimantan Social Studies Journal, Vol.

3, (2), April 2022: 126-133

ISSN: 2723-1127 (p); 2716-2346(e)
DOI: https://doi.org/10.20527/kss
Available online at the website:https://ppjp.ulm.ac.id/journals/index.php/kss

River Utilization for Communities in Kampung Hijau in Fulfilling

Primary Needs
Niliyani
[email protected]
Social Studies Education Department, FKIP, Lambung Mangkurat University
Bambang Subyakto
[email protected]
Social Studies Education Department, FKIP, Lambung Mangkurat University
Mutiani
[email protected]
Social Studies Education Department, FKIP, Lambung Mangkurat University
Rusmaniah
[email protected]
Social Studies Education Department, FKIP, Lambung Mangkurat University
M. Ridha Ilhami
[email protected]
Social Studies Education Department, FKIP, Lambung Mangkurat University
Article History
Received: 27/01/22 Review: 27/03/22 Revision: 04/04/22 Available Online: 10/04/22
Abstrak
Sungai memiliki peranan penting dalam perkembangan kehidupan masyarakat, salah satunya adalah Sungai
Martapura yang melintasi Kota Banjarmasin. Sangat perlunya kebutuhan primer yang tidak bisa terlepas
dari manusia sejak dari lahir. Hal tersebut sejalan dengan masyarakat Kampung Hijau yang memanfaatkan
sungai dalam memenuhi kebutuhan primernya. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan
sungai bagi masyarakat di kampung hijau dalam memenuhi kebutuhan primer. Penelitian menggunakan
pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Data didapat melalui observasi, wawancara dan
dokumentasi. Keabsahan data didapat melalui triangulasi waktu, sumber dan teknik disajikan dalam bentuk
deskripsi dilengkapi tabel dan gambar. Hasil penelitian yaitu adanya masyarakat Kampung Hijau yang
memanfaatkan sungai dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya dalam aspek primer yaitu makan dengan cara
memancing dan mehancau, tempat tinggal, mandi dan mencuci sebagai bagian utama dari kehidupan sehari-
hari mereka dalam memanfaatkan sungai Martapura.
Kata Kunci: Sungai, Masyarakat, dan Kebutuhan Primer.
Abstract
Rivers have an essential role in the development of people's lives, one of which is the Martapura River
which crosses the city of Banjarmasin. The need for primary needs cannot be separated from humans from
birth. This is in line with the people of Kampung Hijau, who use the river to meet their primary needs. This
article describes rivers' use for the Kampung Hijau community in meeting their primary needs. The study
used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data was obtained through observation, interviews,
and documentation. The validity of the data obtained through triangulation of time, sources, and techniques
are presented in the form of descriptions equipped with tables and figures. The results of the study are that
the Kampung Hijau community uses the river to fulfill their basic needs in primary aspects, namely eating
by fishing and mehancau, shelter, bathing and washing as the main part of their daily life in utilizing the
Martapura river.
Keywords: River, Society, and Primary Needs.

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PRELIMINARY
Rivers have an essential role for the people of South Kalimantan, especially for the people
of Banjarmasin; Banjarmasin itself gets the nickname of the city of a thousand rivers because of
its location, which lives side by side with the river (Mutiani et al., 2020). People use rivers as a
necessity in fulfilling their daily needs; habits that have existed since they were small have been
accustomed to the pattern of using rivers to support the fulfillment of the needs of the community
life (Subiyakto, 2020).
People who live on the river banks have made the river a pulse by using the river to support
their lives. One of these patterns of life is in the Kampung Hijau community, which is already tied
to the existence of the river. The existence of buildings on the banks of the river as a place to live
for them and their family members makes all their lives focused on and dependent on the river;
they use the river for their daily needs from bathing, washing, disposing of household waste,
human waste and in particular. Aspects of primary needs, where the fulfillment of these immediate
needs has aspects such as; oxygen, food, drink, clothing, shelter, which are the fulfillment of
primary or basic needs in the human body (Abbas, 2018; Saputra, 2020; Akbar, 2016; Sugara,
2017; Handayani et al., 2020; Handy & Maulana, 2021).
The river benefits the community, especially the riverbank community in Kampung Hijau.
Kampung Hijau was formerly a slum riverside area, not well-maintained and a riverside area with
a deficient level of cleanliness, apart from that. Then there is a program from the government that
makes Kampung Hijau one of the tourist destinations in Banjarmasin, making Kampung Hijau
reorganized with buildings and cleanliness that are more advanced than before, which provides
benefits, one of which is the economy of the Kampung Hijau community. The presence of tourism
in Kampung Hijau as one of the tourist attractions with the characteristics of Banjarmasin itself
with the river makes rivers useful for many people (Caesarina et al., 2019; Handy et al., 2021).
This article aims to describe the use of rivers by the Kampung Hijau riverbank community in
meeting their primary needs.
METHOD
This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. This describes the use of
the river for the community in the Kampung Hijau in meeting primary needs. Data collection was
carried out through the observation phase of Kampung Hijau, the people who use the river for their
immediate needs from RT 01 to RT 05. Interviews with anglers with Syaimi and tajudinnor,
Pehancau with Riduan. A place to live with Zulkifli and Norhayati. Bathing with Noni, Syaimi,

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and Alfi, and washing with Arbainah. Data in the form of documents in the form of photos of
people fishing, messing around, houses, bathing, and washing. The data analysis technique used
is Miles and Huberman's (1992) interactive model data analysis which includes: data reduction by
sorting out which information is essential related to research and getting rid of things that are not
related (Mutiani et al., 2021). The data obtained are presented in the form of a description
supported by pictures (Moleong, 2021). The validity of the data by triangulation of sources,
techniques, and time. In triangulation of sources, researchers use different informants such as the
community, Anglers, vandals, homemakers, and children. Triangulation with observation data
techniques juxtaposed with data from interviews with the sources. Triangulation of time in the
morning, afternoon, and evening. Researchers did this to obtain data about the people of Kampung
Hijau in utilizing the river to meet their primary needs.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Immediate needs or basic needs are the primary needs or needs that are important to be
fulfilled to maintain the stability of survival. The Kampung Hijau community is also a tourist
village in Banjarmasin, so there are significant changes in this area by changing the face of the
Martapura riverbank area in Sungai Bilu Village itself by the Banjarmasin City Government, an
area called Kampung Hijau (Syahrin) was formed. et al., 2020; Subiyakto et al., 2021; Handy et
al., 2021). Wash. To maintain this survival, primary needs include:
Eat
The people of Kampung Hijau use the river to meet their daily needs by looking for fish in
the river to serve as side dishes to eat with family members.
1. Fishing
Dendy Sugono defines fishing as an activity to catch fish; this activity can be due
to a job, hobby, or sport, where it can be done either in the sea, lake, or river (Putra, 2015).
The people of Kampung Hijau, especially those who live on the river banks, use the river
for fishing because it is a sideline; the catch is also to be eaten with the family, where the
results from the catch are used for daily food. Still, if big fish catch the catch, then it can
be sold As stated by Syaimi (Interview, 3 November 2021):
“Ulihan dari dapatan iwak ni kakaini haja pang mayu sagan makan dirumah lawan
kaluarga, palingan kalonya dijual munnya dapatnya iwak ganal, nah itu bisa dijual”
(The results from the acquisition of fish are found to be good enough to eat with the
family if for sale, the fish caught are big).

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ISSN: 2723-1127 (p); 2716-2346 (e)

In line with this, Tajudinnor also revealed (Interview, 4 November 2021) that
fishing is only a sideline for eating at home, but the main job that is done is as a handyman;
the community, including Tajudinnor, uses or utilizes the river for fishing to get the fish
they eat together. family at home. Based on interviews conducted with Syaimi and
tajudinnor, fishing is used by the people of Kampung Hijau as a side outside of their
primary job. From the results of fishing in the river, they are more often used for food or
as side dishes for themselves and their family members.
2. Anco or destroy
Based on the observations made by the researchers, in addition to fishing, the
people of Kampung Hijau are also looking for or getting fish using mahancau. Anco
(Portable Left Net) or commonly called the local community, especially the Banjar
community, to be precise, the Kampung Hijau community as Hancau. Hancau is a fishing
gear that has a rectangular shape, which Hancau consists of parts such as stalks, nets,
bamboo blades, and ropes; there is also a place for a handle to lift the hancau, which is
usually made of wood or bamboo with approximately 4 to 5 meters long. The nets that
function to hold fish are nylon and rectangular multifilament yarn (Rusmilyansari et al.,
2021).
The people of Kampung Hijau carry out hancau or mehancau activities to get fish
in the river, which are then eaten with their relatives at home. However, the caught fish can
also be sold if there is a lot of fish obtained, and even then, they are sold in the local
Kampung Hijau community. As stated by Riduan (Interview, 9 November 2021):
“Hasil tangkapan ni bisa 2 hari munnya dimakan saurang, ikan yang didapat
macam-macam ai, bisa pipih sekilo setengah 2 kilo mun dijual bisa 30 ribuan
lamunnya pipih” (The results of the fish obtained can only last two days if eaten
alone, the fish obtained are of various kinds, usually, if you get flat fish weighing 1
kg or kg, it can be sold for 30 thousand and above).
Based on interviews conducted with Riduan, Hancau activities are carried out for
daily food purposes, which if the results obtained can be for two days if eaten alone, the
fish obtained from the acquisition of Hancau also vary, one of which is flatfish, which if
the flatfish that is obtained large can be sold with a price range of 30 thousand and above.
Residence
The construction of Kampung Hijau, which is used as a tourist spot with the interest of
settlements on the banks of the river, makes Kampung Hijau re-renovated by the government by

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supporting development borne by the government by redistributing the conditions or parts of

houses that were used to be facing left and right if it is equalized if, On the banks of the Kampung
Hijau river-facing or in front of the river, the community is also given green paint to color the
fence or the part that juts into the river. This is in line with what Zulkifli said (Interview, 15
December 2021):
"In the past, before the construction of the Kampung Hijau, the village here in the
construction of community houses was facing left, right, backward, where the houses
became untidy, therefore during the construction of Kampung Hijau later, especially on
house buildings on the banks of the river is determined that the front of the house faces the
river.
This year's flood disaster is relatively lower than last year, there are only a few people who
can renovate their own houses, some people don't, but people are still grateful when compared to
the initial buildings before the Kampung Hijau, this is in line with the explanation from Norhayati
(Interview, 15 December):
“Kada suah di apa-apa’i rumah ni, nang hanyar bulan nih, kada kaya tahun tadi dalamnya
banyu, sebelum jadi Kampung Hijau ni calapnya dalam sampai tikas landau lintuhut
ibaratkan kawa bakamih, bananang di rumah, adaja kebaikannya han dibangunnya
Kampung Hijau nih, kalonya wahini calap dalamnya paling tikas mata kaki” (This house
has never been renovated, for this month the depth of the flood is not the same as last year,
before the construction of Kampung Hijau the house was submerged so deep that it reached
the knees, if it was like urinating, swimming in the house, from the construction of
Kampung Hijau the house was flooded quite a bit, and if there is a flood the house is
submerged only up to the ankles).
Shower
Howard Sobel, a dermatologist based in New York, USA, said that bathing activities
carried out more than twice a day can remove the layer of oil that helps maintain skin moisture
(Samidi, 2010). In line with this, essentially normal humans can never be separated from the
existence of bathing activities, bathing is essentially a basic need in humans, and this is also no
exception to the Kampung Hijau community, where they Kampung Hijau community still uses the
river for their needs in fulfilling the primary need, namely bathing. As stated by Noni (Interview,
4 November 2021):
“Kalunya kami sekeluarga mandi takadang pakai banyu sungai, tekadang banyu ledeng,
oleh kami ni banyak jua di rumah tu dari sapupuku anakku jua di rumah jadi mandi,
batatapas di sungai ai rancaknya, oleh mahemat pembayaran PDAM, tapi mandi di sungai
ni pas rahatan pasang ja pang soalnya pas pasang banyunya bersih, nah kalunya surut
keini rigat kalo jadi mandi di rumah ai kami” (In our family, bathing usually sometimes
uses river water but can also use tap water. Because many of the people living in my house

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are cousins and my children, so for bathing, washing in the river more often to save on
PDAM payments; for bathing in the river, it is usually done when the river is at high tide
because the water is clean and not dirty; it is different from the water that is now flowing,
so we take a bath at home).
In line with what was expressed by Syaimi (Interview, 2 November 2019), the use or
utilization of rivers for bathing or washing purposes by other family members is done to save on
PDAM water payments. Apart from that, using the river for bathing or washing is also carried out
when there is a blackout; however, now the fact is that it is scarce for this to happen, even if it only
happens briefly.
Bathing in the river is also carried out, including children, especially living side by side
with the river, making children bathe while playing with friends or bathing balumba. Balumba
bathing activities are often carried out by children in the Kampung Hijau community in the
afternoon or at high tide because the water at high tide tends to be cleaner due to the lack of garbage
that is attached to parts of the riverbanks, making it easier for children bathing while playing (Putro
et al., 2020). As stated by Alfi (Interview, 10 December 2021), the balumba bath can be carried
out in the morning, afternoon or evening, but according to Alfi, he and his friends often bathe in
balumba in the afternoon,
Wash
Washing clothes is one of the activities that can never be separated in human life. Washing
clothes, in general, is cleaning clothes that have been used or worn, which, if classified, is because
the clothes are dirty or smelly, so they must be washed (Sandy, 2019). Washing activities are no
exception, also carried out by the people of Kampung Hijau, where washing is also a basic or
routine thing that is always done every day, where washing activities for the people of Kampung
Hijau still rely on or use the river to fulfill their daily needs, especially in terms of washing. Even
though they already use PDAM water, the community still tends to use or utilize river water for
washing. This is in line with what was expressed by Arbainah (Interview, 3 November 2021).
“Lamunnya mencuci masih bisa ai jua disungai, habisnya dibilas pakai banyu ledeng
dirumah, tapi lamunnya banyunya barasih kada ai dibila” (The activity of washing clothes
can still be done in the river usually after being washed using river water, it will be rinsed
again using tap water, but it can also be rinsed not).
Based on the explanation above, the people in Kampung Hijau still cannot be separated
from using the river to meet their daily needs, especially in the aspect of primary needs as discussed
above, both from the aspect of meeting their food needs by fishing, mehancau, building as a shelter,

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namely a place to live. Living, bathing, and washing, in addition to using the river in the
community, especially in Kampung Hijau, Sungai Bilu Village, Banjarmasin City itself, it is also
hoped that apart from using their primary or daily needs, the community can maintain cleanliness,
especially in waste management and the cleanliness of their environment. which became the
tourism area itself from the formation of the Kampung Hijau itself (Putra et al., 2020).
CONCLUSION
Rivers provide benefits which are important points for riverbank communities, especially
for the Kampung Hijau community. The people of Kampung Hijau use the river to fulfill their
daily needs, one of which is in the aspect of fulfilling primary needs, where primary needs are a
need that has existed in humans since they were born. The primary needs for the people of
Kampung Hijau in utilizing the river include food obtained from fishing, mehancau, a place to
shelter, namely a place to live, bathe and wash. which by utilizing river water can save expenses
that must be paid by the people of Kampung Hijau such as, there is no need to buy fish because it
has been fulfilled from the catch obtained in the river by fishing or mehancau, and saves on PDAM
payments, in addition to using the river itself and changes in the Kampung Hijau community itself
are also expected to have a positive impact on river utilization and keep their environment clean.
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