SOAL TRY OUT SKOLLA SNBT

EPISODE 2
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In addition to being pleasant and reducing thirst, drinking tea turns out to be
also beneficial for health. Some research results show that drinking tea is beneficial
for health if the amount of tea consumed is not excessive.
Female First writes that a new study in the United Kingdom shows that
drinking tea regularly can help reduce the risk of developing breast cancer. To analyze
the relationship between tea consumption and the reduced risk of breast cancer,
researchers conducted 39 studies of the benefits of tea consumption in 13,204 breast
cancer patients. Based on the results of these studies, antioxidant properties in tea
can help reduce the risk of breast cancer. Taking tea regularly causes a 21%
reduction in breast cancer risk. According to a female health specialist, Dr. Catherine
Hood from "The Tea Advisory Panel (TAP)" to Female First, this finding is related to the
level of polyphenols in tea. Tea is rich in polyphenols, including catechins and
gallocatchins, which have been known to function as antioxidants and to have anti-
tumor effects.
The latest research conducted by Dr. Tim Bond from The Tea Advisory Panel
(TAP) shows that consuming black tea lowers cardiovascular risks. Flavonoid in tea
helps improve blood vessel functions. In this study, 20 healthy people consumed tea
three times a day for one week. The result shows that the blood vessel function of
these people increases after consuming tea that is not brewed with hot water.
According to the Daily Mail, scientists from Taiwan reported that consuming
three cups of tea a day helps prevent heart disease and improves blood circulation.
Drinking more than 450 ml of tea every day will reduce the risk of arteries becoming
stiff, with a reduced risk of 22%. Research conducted by the Harvard School of Public
Health, America, also shows that tea has many health benefits. Besides being able to
lower blood pressure, tea can also help prevent the ovaries and digestive system
cancer. Consuming three cups of black tea or green tea every day can help prevent
strokes. Drinking green tea, in particular, can help reduce the risk of breast, prostate,
and endometrial cancer.

1. In which paragraph does the writer

emphasize the effect of drinking tea on
breast cancer? 3. What conclusion can we draw from
(A) 1 the passage especially on people who
(B) 2 are non-tea drinkers?
(C) 3 (A) They tend to easily get various
(D) 4 degenerative diseases.
(E) 5 (B) They are physically as good as those
who drink tea.
2. Why does the author argue that (C) They cannot be associated with
drinking tea can reduce the risk of drinking tea.
heart disease? (D) They tend to be free from breast
(A) Tea contains important nutrients cancer.
(B) The result of the study reveals this. (E) They are prone to heart diseases.
(C) There is a polyphenol content in tea.
(D) Tea produces catechins 4. Which group of readers can take the
and gallocatchins. positive side of the passage?
(E) The compound in tea raises blood (A) Tea drinkers
pressure. (B) Heart surgeons
(C) Teenage readers
(D) People with cancer
(E) Researchers on tea
Cermati soal dibawah ini
Most people may not think that knitting, crocheting, and jam-making are
thrilling. However, they turn out to be very good wellbeing. A study has found that
people who participate in arts and crafts feel happier, calmer, and more energetic the
next day. The researchers also listed other activities which include cooking, baking,
performing music, painting, drawing, sketching, design, and creative writing. All of
them make participants relaxed and creative.
Many of the more traditional activities on the researchers' list are popular with
Women's Institute members. Janice Langley, chairman of the National Federation of
Women's Institute, told the Daily Mail, "WI members have enjoyed creative activities
and crafts since the very first WI meeting in 1915. It is great to hear this study has
found some evidence that these interests could lead to increased wellbeing and
creativity. We encourage everyone to try and get involved." The WI celebrated its 100th
anniversary last year and now it has more than 212,000 members. Even the Queen is
one of its members.
The study took place at Otaqo University, New Zealand. In this interesting
study, 658 students kept diaries of their experiences and emotional states over 13
days. According to Dr. Tamlin Connor, the study's lead author, psychology research is
starting to recognize that creativity is associated with emotional functioning. However,
most of his work focuses on how emotions are good or bad for creativity. It does not
focus on whether creativity is positive or negative for emotional wellbeing. Engaging in
creative behavior causes increase in well-being the next day. This increased well-being
is likely to help creative activity on the same day. Overall, these findings support the
new emphasis on everyday creativity as a means of supporting positive psychological
functioning. The result shows that the students showed more enthusiasm and
happiness in the days following creative activities.

5. What topic does the paragraph 7. Which of the following is the best
preceding the passage most likely summary of the passage?
discuss? (A) Arts and crafts have positive
impacts on people's wellbeing.
(A) Creative and energetic people
These creative activities and arts
(B) Popular traditional activities
have been popular among Women's
(C) Thrilling research psychological
Institute members, and they believe
(D) The history of Women's Institute
more people should try them.
(E) Activities considered exciting
Researchers discovered that
commonly
participating in arts and crafts
6. Based on the passage, students will helped increase wellbeing in the
be happy and enthusiastic learners if following day.
arts and crafts .... (B) Knitting, crocheting, and jam-
(A) are mandatory subjects in their making are exciting activities for
schools Women's Institute. They state that
(B) are taught in a thrilling way they are pleased to know these arts
(C) become the main part of the and crafts are gaining popularity.
curriculum Many people are interested in trying
(D) are actively promoted by members of them because they are good for
the Woman Institute at school improving sense of creativity.
(E) are included in their daily lessons at (C) A study found that doing activities
school that are usually done by women can
help people increase their
happiness. The activities are usually
boring and uninteresting. However,
they are actually good for improving
intelligence and maintaining
psychological condition.
 (E) Performing creative activities, such
(D) Dr. Tamlin Connor found that as knitting, crocheting, and jam-
traditional feminine activities making are surprisingly thrilling for
enjoyed by Women's Institute's many people. Most of them join the
members could be enjoyable and National Federation of Women's
excellent for stabilizing people's Institute and promote the
emotions. In his research, students advantages of arts and crafts for
did various creative activities and wellbeing. They collaborate with
wrote about their feelings in their psychology researchers and prove
diaries. The diaries showed they felt that creative activities significantly
more peaceful and calmer every improve happiness.
time they had some arts and crafts
in the previous day.

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Ebola virus causes a severe and frequently lethal disease. There is no carrier
state. Because the natural reservoir of the virus is unknown, the manner in which the
virus first appears in a human at the start of an outbreak has not been determined.
However, researchers have hypothesized that the first patient becomes infected
through contact with an infected animal.
After the first case-patient in an outbreak setting is infected, the virus can be
transmitted in several ways. People can be exposed to Ebola virus from direct contact
with the blood and/or secretions of an infected person. Thus, the virus is often spread
through families and friends because they come in close contact with such secretions
when caring for infected persons. People can also be exposed to Ebola virus through
contact with objects, such as needles, that have been contaminated with infected
secretions.
Nosocomial transmission refers to the spread of a disease within a health-care
setting, such as a clinic or hospital. It occurs frequently during Ebola HF outbreaks. It
includes both types of transmission described above. In African health-care facilities,
patients are often cared for without the use of a mask, gown, or gloves. Exposure to
the virus has occurred when health care workers treated individuals with Ebola HF
without wearing these types of protective clothing. In addition, when needles or
syringes are used, they may not be of the disposable type, or may not have been
sterilized, but only rinsed before reinsertion into multi-use vials of medicine.
8. In presenting the ideas, the author (C) nosocomial infections refer to a
starts by … health center not well- equipped
(A) Exposing how acutely the Ebola with medical standards
virus infects patients (D) nosocomial transmission is the
(B) Stating how the first Ebola virus disease transmission from infected
infection on human took place health centers to humans
(C) Affirming the confusion of (E) nosocomial infections are the
researchers about the unknown transmission of diseases from
virus patients to their family members
(D) Describing no clear date about the
first outbreak of the virus invection 10. The part following the passage will
likely discuss
9. In other words, the sentence (A) Directions to carefully exploit the
"Nosocomial transmission refers to the virus for medical purposes
spread of a disease within a health-care (B) Details to prevent the occurrence
setting, such as a clinic or hospital." of nosocomial infections
(paragraph 3) may be restated as... (C) Procedures to sterilize medical
(A) nosocomial transmission is a equipment thoroughly
specific disease that only infects (D) Ways to locate source of
medical settings nosocomial transmission
(B) nosocomial transmission takes (E) Hints to improve conditions of
place in inappropriate settings of African health-care facilities
medical equipment
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Mobile devices do not just cause distraction these days. You no longer have to
memorize phone numbers. All that information is neatly stored in our phone's contact
list. If you have questions about the world around you, you can just grab your phone
and google the answers.
Some experts warn that this over-dependence on your mobile device for all the
answers might cause mental laziness. In fact, one recent study has an interesting
finding. It has found that there is actually a connection between depending on a
smartphone and mental laziness. Smartphones do not necessarily turn people from
deep thinkers into lazy thinkers. However, it suggests that intuitive thinkers tend to
depend on their phones more frequently; intuitive thinkers are people who act based
on instinct and emotion.
"If you depend on the internet too much, you can't know how you have the
correct answer, except if you think about it logically" explained Gordon Pennycook,
one of the study's co- authors. "Our research supports the connection between heavy
smartphone use and lowered intelligence," said Pennycook. "Whether smartphones
actually decrease intelligence is still an open question; it requires future research."
The researchers warn, however, that the use of mobile devices has been so
progressive. It is much more progressive than the available research on the subject.
Researchers are just at the beginning stages of understanding the potential effects of
smartphone use on the brain. Mobile devices certainly have some disadvantages.
However, the researchers also suggest the possible benefits of smartphone use to the
brain.
11. What is the topic of the passage? 13. Based on the passage above, which
(A) Mobile phone reliance and mind of the following statement is NOT
inactivity correct?
(B) Smartphone use and thinking (A) There is relation between frequent
ability use of smartphone and a decrease
(C) Hand phone addict and stupidity in IQ.
(D) Communication technology and (B) Thinkers who tend to use their
brain intuition depend a lot on their
(E) Internet use and illogical thinking phones.
(C) Smartphones enable our brain to be
12. The word google in paragraph 1 can stimulated and find a solution to a
be replaced by.... problem.
(A) Type (D) Research on the use of mobile
(B) Discover devices has been lacking behind the
(C) Detect actual use of device.
(D) Inquire (E) Researchers are in their early stage
(E) Search of understanding the impacts of
using smartphones on the brain.
Cermati soal dibawah ini
Flocks of chattering African Grey parrots, more than a thousand flashes of red
and white on grey at a time, were a common site in the deep forests of Ghana in the
1990s. But a 2016 study published in the journal Ibis reveals that these birds, in high
demand around the world as pets, and once abundant in forests all over West and
Central Africa, have almost disappeared from Ghana.
According to the study, the pet trade and forest loss- particularly the felling of
large trees where the parrots breed- are major factors contributing to the decline.
Uncannily good at mimicking human speech, the African Grey is a prized companion
in homes around the world. Research has shown that greys are as smart as a two-five
year-old human child-capable of developing a limited vocabulary and even forming
simple sentences.
The grey parrot has a wide historic range across West and Central Africa-1.1
million square miles (nearly three million square kilometers)- from Cote d'Ivoire and
Ghana in West Africa, through Nigeria and Cameroon and the Congo forests, to
Uganda and Western Kenya. Ghana accounts for more than 30,000 square miles
(75,000 square kilometers) of that range, but losses of greys there have not been some
of the most devastating. These African Grey parrots were rescued from smugglers and
released on Ngamba Island in Lake Victoria. These African Grey parrot is the single
most heavily traded wild bird.
"The Grey parrot population in Ghana has increased catastrophically, and the
species is now very rare across the country," said Nigel Collar, of Bird Life
International, a global partnership dedicated to conserving birds and their habitat.
Collar was one of the authors of the paper, which notes that since 1992 Ghana has
lost 90-99 percent of its African greys.
"Dedicated searching, including visits to roosts, which had as many as 1,200
individuals 20 years ago, yielded just a handful of grey parrot sightings," said
Nathaniel Annorbah, a Ghanaian graduate student at Manchester Metropolitan
University, in England, who was the study's lead author.

14. The author first quotes collar's (A) The African Grey is a prized
statement and then the statement is companion in homes around the
followed by ... world.
(A) an explanation about Collar's study (B) The journal reveals that these birds
(B) a claim from bird life international are in high demand around the
(C) a supporting statement from world.
Annorbah (C) The grey parrot has a wide historic
(D) a contrasting finding about grey range across West and central
parrots Africa.
(E) a description of bird conservation (D) The Grey parrot population in
and habit Ghana has increased
catastrophically.
(E) Since 1992 Ghana has lost 90-99
percent of its African greys
15. Which of the following obviously
shows the author's false idea in the
passage?
Cermati soal dibawah ini
It is common knowledge women as get older, that pregnancy becomes a riskier
enterprise. Advanced maternal age is linked to a number of developmental disorders
in children, such as Down's syndrome. Now, a study has confirmed that older
mothers are less likely to give birth to a child with autism, too. The authors of the
epidemiology study, published February 8 in Autism Research, examined the parental
age of more than 12,000 children with autism and nearly five million "control"
children, all living in California. The researchers found that mothers over 40 had 51
percent higher risk of having a child with autism than mothers 25 to 29, and a 77
percent higher risk than mothers under 25.
Autism a developmental disorder characterized by impaired social interaction
and communication appears to be on the rise. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control
and Prevention now estimates that as many as one in 110 children in the U.S. has an
autistic spectrum disorder - a group of developmental disorders in California in 2007
was 12 times that from 1987, representing an average annual growth of 13 percent,
according to a report from the California Department of Developmental Services. Only
a fraction of these extra cases can be explained by changes to diagnostic criteria and
earlier diagnoses.
Maternal age is also increasing in the U.S. A California-based study reported a
three-fold increase in the number of births to women aged 40 to 44. But this trend
toward delayed childbearing accounted for less than 5 percent of the total increase in
autism diagnoses in California over the decade, according to the study-a finding that
surprised Janie Shelton, a doctoral student in University of California, Davis's
Department of Public Health Sciences and the study's lead author. "I would have
expected to see more of a contribution, because age is risk factor and women are
having kids later," she says.

16. What conclusion can we draw from (E) a study found that women who had
the passage especially on autism in children after the age of 40 were
children? three times more likely to live longer
(A) It is genetically transmitted.
(B) It makes children antisocial.
(C) It is getting more infectious. 18. What topic does the paragraph
(D) It was among Californian children. following the passage most likely
(E) It has not been detected up to now. discuss?
(A) The increase of autism risk and
17. The sentence "A California- based older parents
study reported a three- fold increase in (B) Older women at high risk of having
the number of births to women aged 40 a child with autism
to 44." in paragraph 4 can best be (C) The higher rate of autism with older
restated as .... mothers
(A) the number of Americans giving (D) Paternal age as another factor which
birth in their 40s each year is is linked to a child with autism
increasing (E) More explanation of how maternal
(B) a study reported that the rate of age is related to autism
women in advanced maternal age
giving birth is increasing 19. The author's attitude towards the
(C) studies show that mothers aged 40 topic in the passage is ...
years or older giving birth is (A) Critical
increasing dramatically in numbers (B) Doubtful
(D) the ability to have a child at an (C) Assertive
older age indicates that a woman's (D) Convinced
reproductive system is aging slowly (E) Informative
20. Which of the following obviously
shows the author's false idea in the
passage?
(A) Older mothers are less likely to give
birth to a child with autism.
(B) As many as one in 110 children in
the U.S. has an autistic spectrum
disorder.
(C) Mothers over 40 had 51 percent
higher risk of having a child with
autism than mothers 25 to 29.
(D) Only a fraction of these extra cases
can be explained by changes to
diagnostic criteria and earlier
diagnoses.
(E) But this trend toward delayed
childbearing accounted for less than
5 percent of the total increase in
autism diagnoses.
TRY OUT UTBK-SNBT #5 ZENIUS
Text for number 1-4
There are many habits I've gained while working from home: snacking when
desired, taking the dog for a midmorning walk, talking to myself and settling in for a
daily nap. That last one will be especially painful to give up if or when I return to an
office: my naps have become essential downtime that act as afternoon pick-me- ups.
Why do my naps feel so needed and so revitalising? And will I have to live without?
There are two biological processes that contribute to daily drowsiness, says
Sara Mednick, a professor of cognitive science at the University of California at Irvine
and author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life.
The first system is the circadian: It prompts you to stay awake when it's light
out and asleep when it's dark. In the middle of the day, it causes the hormone cortisol
to start decreasing from its morning high and your core body temperature to slightly
dip; losing heat helps you fall and stay asleep. The second is the homeostatic: It
makes you sleepier the longer you've been awake. As the day progresses, it
continually increases your "sleep pressure," causing you to have a growing need for
sleep. Together, at midday, these create "kind of a perfect storm that makes people
tired," Mednick says.
For many people who are sleep-deprived, a short shut-eye session is the ticket,
Mednick says. "Your mood gets better, your creativity, your perceptual processing,
your memory processing."
Mednick has found that nappers perform as well on a pattern-recognition task
as people who have slept overnight. She has found that naps enhance creative
problem-solving. Naps can boost and restore brain power. Toddlers who nap express
more joy. Adults nappers can tolerate frustration longer and feel less impulsive. Naps
may help protect older people from cognitive decline and dementia. Runners can use
naps to improve endurance. People who nap once or twice a week have a lower risk of
cardiovascular disease. Memory is better after a nap. And on it goes.

1. What can we conclude from the (C) emphasize the importance of the
effects of taking a nap discussed in word drowsiness
paragraph 5? (D) show that the drowsiness must
(A) The effects of napping include both occur everyday
psychological and physiological (E) indicate which specific drowsiness
advantages.
(B) If done correctly, napping can have 3. What do the processes in paragraph
a huge range of health benefits. 3 tell us about our body?
(C) Taking a nap does not only help (A) The sleep pressure is one of our
with metabolism, but also with body's weaknesses.
mood regulation. (B) Sleep is a relaxing mechanism of the
(D) Children are more affected by naps brain.
than adults are. (C) The body regulates sleep through
(E) The advantages of napping for the biological processes.
human brain are its most (D) There are two ways for our body to
significant effects. take a nap.
(E) We can control the body's need for
2. The author uses the word 'daily' in sleep in two ways.
the 2nd paragraph mainly to....
(A) demonstrate the intensity of 4. Which question is answered by
drowsiness paragraph 5?
(B) put forward an idea about (A) Why do many people take naps?
drowsiness (B) What are the benefits of naps?
(C) What are the drawbacks of taking (E) Why does our body need naps?
naps?
(D) What makes naps better than
sleeping overnight?

Text for number 5-6

A complete skeleton of a 19- or 20-year-old Homo sapiens was found during
2020 excavations at a site called Liang Tebo, in remote Sangkulirang-Mangkalihat
region of eastern Kalimantan. Early human remains are scarce in the region, and the
researchers involved in this study suggest this may be the oldest known burial of a
modern human that has ever been found in the region's islands. During the dig, the
find took on a whole new level of intrigue as the team discovered that the skeleton's
lower leg was entirely missing. The limb had been not broken or smashed, but cleanly
removed, and the archaeologists found unusual bony overgrowth on the remaining
fragments of the tibia and fibula. That overgrowth matched overgrowth seen in
modern clinical cases of amputations.
Further investigations showed that the bone developed atrophy, indicating the
part of the limb that remained was a stump with limited use. Investigations into this
remodeling of bone structure showed some six to nine years of such changes. "This
confirms that the surgery was not fatal, not infected and likely occurred during late
childhood," says Tim Maloney, who specializes in the archaeology of Borneo at Griffith
University, in Australia, and co-authored the study.
To perform a successful operation, prehistoric surgeons must have had
knowledge of anatomy. They sliced through not only bone but muscles, veins and
nerves in such a way that the patient didn't bleed to death or go into a fatal state of
shock. Their scalpels were likely the flaked lithic edges common to the era: a stone
called chert, which can produce extremely sharp edges. Afterwards the surgeons may
have employed a tourniquet or cauterizing, though neither would leave clear evidence
on the skeleton and so remain unknown possibilities.
What seems certain, however, is that the patient enjoyed a considerable level of
post-op care. "It is highly unlikely that this individual could have survived the
procedure without intensive nursing care, including blood loss and shock
management, and regular wound cleaning," Maloney notes. He believes the successful
operation implies that the community also had some understanding of antiseptic and
antimicrobial management to prevent fatal infection. In this, their foraging lifestyle
and forest environment might have proved to be advantages.
5. Which information indicates the
assertion that the early human
survived the suggested amputation?
(A) The skeleton does not include a 6. What is the significance of the
lower leg part. expression "the find took on a whole
(B) B The bone of the amputated leg new level of intrigue"?
shrunk in size. (A) To emphasize the importance of the
(C) The amputated part was cleanly information that follows
removed. (B) To provide an example for the
(D) The remaining part of the leg shows findings of the early human remains
no signs of infection. in Liang Tebo
(E) There could have been a post-op (C) To elaborate the finding of the oldest
care. modern human burial site
(D) To introduce the information about
the finding of an advanced surgery
method
(E) To introduce the comparison
between early and modern methods
of amputation
Text for number 7-13
The researchers set up a mock prison in the basement of Stanford University's
psychology building and then selected 24 undergraduate students-- with no criminal
background, lacked psychological issues, and had no significant medical conditions--
to play the roles of both prisoners and guards. The volunteers agreed to participate
during a one to two-week period in exchange for $15 a day.
The simulated prison included three six by nine-foot prison cells. Each cell held
three prisoners and included three cots. Other rooms across from the cells were
utilized for the jail guards and warden. One tiny space was designated as the solitary
confinement room, and yet another small room served as the prison yard.
The 24 volunteers were then randomly assigned to either the prisoner group or
the guard group. Prisoners were to remain in the mock prison 24-hours a day during
the study. Guards were assigned to work in three-man teams for eight-hour shifts.
After each shift, guards were allowed to return to their homes until their next shift.
Researchers were able to observe the behavior of the prisoners and guards using
hidden cameras and microphones.
While the Stanford Prison Experiment was originally slated to last 14 days, it
had to be stopped after just six due to what was happening to the student
participants. The guards became abusive, and the prisoners began to show signs of
extreme stress and anxiety. While the prisoners and guards were allowed to interact
in any way they wanted, the interactions were hostile or even dehumanizing. Five of
the prisoners began to experience severe negative emotions, including crying and
acute anxiety and had to be released from the study early.
According to Zimbardo and his colleagues, because the guards were given total
freedom, they began to behave in ways they would not usually act in their everyday
lives or other situations. The prisoners, placed in a situation where they had no real
control, became passive and depressed.

7. What can be inferred from the (D) The guards and prisoners showed
passage? wholesome behavior towards each
(A) Putting people in isolated cells other.
damages their brain. (E) E The experiment was stopped
(B) Possession of power and control because it did not produce the
alters human behavior. desired results.
(C) People enjoy pleasure from others'
stress and anxiety. 9. What can be concluded from the
(D) The researchers had planned the behavior of the participants?
outcome of the experiment. (A) Their behavior was influenced by
(E) Money incentives don't help people the situation they were put into.
to endure torture. (B) Both the guards' and the prisoners'
behavior took an unexpected turn.
8. What is the main idea of paragraph (C) The participants are well-adjusted
4? to their new environment.
(A) The experiment was stopped early (D) The prisoners had a hard time
due to dangerous reactions of the developing an assertive behavior.
participants. (E) The guards' unpredictable behavior
(B) B Prison guards will always be was probably brought on by past
hostile toward prisoners. trauma.
(C) The researchers had already
predicted how the guards and 10. The sentence "... the interactions
prisoners would behave. were hostile or even dehumanizing"
implies.....
(A) the isolated condition of prisoners (A) consented
was dangerous for their mental (B) yielded
health (C) dissented
(B) the prisoners rebelled and started (D) abided
attacking the guards (E) obeyed
(C) the guards became aggressive and
abusive toward the prisoners
(D) both the guards and the prisoners
felt depressed and anxious 12. Which of the following is true about
(E) the guards started to sympathize the experiment?
more with the prisoners (A) The participants must be free of
11. If we were to add a beginning criminal records and not have any
paragraph preceding the text, what health issues.
would it most likely talk about? (B) The guards were divided into three
(A) The researchers' academic teams that worked eight-hour shifts.
credentials (C) The experiment was cancelled not
(B) The psychology faculty of Stanford even halfway of the initial schedule.
University (D) The prisoners started to get abusive
(C) The selection of the volunteers due to the excessive freedom they
(D) The background of the experiment had.
(E) The mechanism of the experiment (E) The researchers doing the
experiment used the volunteer
13. The experiment involved volunteers guards to observe the prisoners.
who ___ to take part as guards and
prisoners in exchange for money.
Which of the following best fills the
blank?

Text for number 14-20

More than two billion cups of coffee are drunk every day and for many, working
life would feel impossible without it. As traditionally tea-drinking countries like China
are seduced by coffee's charms, it may soon become the world's favourite drink. What
is driving this insatiable thirst, and how has the beverage come to conquer the world?
Coffee's story starts in the lush highlands of Ethiopia, the natural homeland of the
delicate Coffee arabica plant. Although they are called. "coffee beans", the plant is not
a legume, and the fruits of the coffee tree look more like cherries when they are first
picked. The seeds inside are extracted and dried before the process of roasting turns
them into the hard, nutty nodules we feed into our grinders.
The Oromo people from Ethiopia are thought to have been the first to have.
noticed the stimulating effects of these "beans", and coffee still remains an important
element of their traditional cuisine. Exactly how and when it spread beyond Ethiopia
is still the subject of many legends, but the available historic records suggest that the
Sufis of Yemen were the first truly devoted drinkers outside Africa in the Middle Ages.
Its caffeine helped them to continue their practices late into the night, while the
roasting of the bean was apparently taken as an analogy for the transcendence of the
human soul.
Coffee houses soon spread across the Middle East and the Ottoman Empire,
where they caught the attention of Western traders, who took the beguiling drink back
to their home countries in the 17th Century. (...). One newspaper advert in 1657
described the drink as "having many excellent virtues, closes the orifice of the
stomach, fortifies the heart within, helps digestion, brights up the spirit."
Some studies suggest that coffee can offer some protection from certain.
common diseases. A recent review of the evidence by Susanna Larsson at the
Karolinska Institute in Sweden found that each cup of coffee per day is associated
with a 6% reduction in the risk of type 2 diabetes. Laura Van Dongen at Wageningen
University, meanwhile, has found that regular coffee drinkers were at least 20% less
likely to die from heart disease.
(B) The early drinkers were firm
believers in its medicinal properties.
(C) Not only did the patrons drink coffee
and engage in conversation, but
they also listened to music, watched
performers, played chess and kept
current on the news.
14. People often mistakenly classify (D) Coffee began to replace the common
coffee as a type of plant to which breakfast drink beverages of the
peanuts, chickpeas or lentils belong. Is time beer and wine.
this statement supported by the (E) Missionaries and travelers, traders
passage? Which information can prove and colonists continued to carry
it? coffee seeds to new lands, and coffee
(A) Supported, the passage mentions trees were planted worldwide.
that coffee is grown in Ethiopia, a
place where the other plants are 17. "Coffee was first spread and
mentioned to not grow in. consumed outside of Ethiopia by the
(B) Supported, the passage states that sufis in Yemen."
coffee is not a legume, unlike the Is it possible to dispute this statement
other plants which fit the definition using information mentioned in the
of the word. passage?
(C) Not supported, the passage (A) Yes, since it's mentioned that the
mentions how coffee was spread to Middle East and Ottoman Empire
the westerners through the Middle also contributed to its spread.
East, same as the other plants. (B) Yes, as it is stated that the Oromo
(D) Not supported, coffee was stated to people were the first to discover the
be able to reduce someone's risk of benefits of coffee.
dying from heart problems, much (C) No, as it is especially stressed how
like the other plants. the historic records indicated that
(E) Supported, it is mentioned that they were the first drinkers of coffee.
coffee is beguiling, which is a (D) No, because all other peoples
quality the other plants are not mentioned in the passage started
exactly known for. consuming coffee after the Sufis.
(E) Yes, since it is hinted that there
15. Which of the following statements is exist mixed accounts about how
incorrect about coffee based on the coffee spread outside of Africa.
text?
(A) China is gradually becoming an 18. If coffee houses____to the middle
emerging market for coffee. east and Ottoman Empire, Western
(B) Coffee became more popular in the traders. probably wouldn't have
western world thanks to the Yemeni brought coffee back home.
sufis that drank coffee outside (A) didn't spread
Africa. (B) hadn't spread
(C) How coffee first got produced and (C) wouldn't spread
consumed outside Ethiopia is still a (D) wouldn't have spread
question yet to be answered. (E) were not spread
(D) Coffee can prevent us from getting
some dangerous diseases such as 19. "More than two billion cups of
diabetes. coffee are drunk every day and for
(E) Coffee had come out of Africa even many, working life would feel
before the westerners found out impossible without it."
about it. What meaning does the modal 'would
carry in this context?
16. Which sentence below is the best fit (A) it shows a possibility
for the blank in paragraph three? (B) it shows a request
(A) Many businesses grew out of these (C) C it shows a habit in the past
specialized coffee houses. (D) it shows a hypothetical situation.
(E) it shows a wish
 (B) gratifications
20. According to the passage, coffee is (C) comforts
proven to have many___including (D) welfares
association with lower risk of getting (E) conveniences
diabetes and death from heart diseases.
Which one is the best fit to fill the
blank?
(A) perks

TRY OUT UTBK-SNBT #6 ZENIUS

Text for number 1-7
Everyone has it tough during the COVID-19 pandemic, and we are all in the
same. boat this has been a common refrain throughout the crisis. It is true that we
are all on board the Titanic together. However, same are riding first class, some are
riding third class, and others are in the galley below rowing... Oh, and there are not
enough lifeboats to go round.
In reality, the super-rich are not only shielded from this crisis by their wealth,
which enables them to shelter from the virus on superyachts or escape it on private
jets, some are even enjoying an unprecedented bounty during these difficult times.
This is especially the case in the United States.
During the coronavirus crisis, US billionaires accrued a huge windfall of more
than 434 dollar bn in the two months between mid-March and mid-May. This comes
at a time when at least 40 million Americans are out of work, struggling to get by, and
256 million poeple around the world are at risk of dying of hunger, while front-line
workers risk their health and lives to keep society functioning and care for the sick,
the biggest financial winner by far is the world's richest man, Jeff Bezos, who has
seen his fortune expand by nearly 35 dollar bn thanks to the surge in the value of his
company Amazon, as people trapped in lockdown have turned to online shopping.
Whenever anyone, including myself, criticises the obscene wealth of
billionaires, there are those who rush in to defend them, arguing that critics are just
envious and that billionaires deserve this success and earned their vast fortunes.
Like a superhero origin myth, there is a typical narrative that surrounds
billionaires, especially those in the tech industry. It goes something like this: X,
working in their bedroom/garage/dorm, came up with a brilliant idea, against the
odds, brought it to market and is now enjoying the fruits of their brilliance. However,
is the acumen of these entrepreneurs really worth so much more than everyone else's
labour - combined?
1. What does the expression"... others (B) To show the indistinguishable
are in the galley below rowing" in situations between lower and upper
paragraph 1 mean? class
(A) The ship is going to sink sooner (C) To provide context of why the elites
than expected. need to be protected for the
(B) The lower class of society are economy
preparing to riot and disrupt the (D) To exhibit the earnings of
situation. billionaires in the United States
(C) The lower class of society are (E) To contrast the divergent situation
gravely struggling to get by. between the elite class and everyone
(D) The upper class is safe because else
society will eventually survive the
crisis. 3. What can be inferred from the text
(E) The upper class should support the above?
lower class in the middle of crisis. (A) The socioeconomic inequality in the
US is atrocious.
2. What is the purpose of paragraph 2 (B) Billionaires are heartless sociopaths
and 3? that leech off society, especially in
(A) To justify the sacrifices made by the the US.
lower class with economic growth
(C) The current economic system is (A) Gamers are more likely to have
detrimental to the upper class. brain damage due to the change in
(D) Socioeconomic inequality has their brain structures.
slightly improved during the crisis. (B) Given its benefits, gaming will now
(E) During the crisis, the US economy be continuously praised on the
came crumbling down. media.
(C) Gamers will find it easier to focus on
4. Which paragraph shows the best tasks that require a lot of energy or
evidence for the answer in the previous attention.
question? (D) Gaming will continue to become
(A) Paragraph 1 increasingly popular and will render
(B) Paragraph 2 other forms of entertainment
(C) Paragraph 3 useless.
(D) Paragraph 4 (E) Gamers are healthier and happier
(E) Paragraph 5 compared to people who don't play
video games.
5. What is the writer's stance regarding
billionaires? 9. Why does the writer use the word
(A) Billionaires should not exist to "sensationalist" in paragraph 2?
equalize society. (A) Because video games are getting
(B) Billionaires should redistribute their more popular among adults
huge wealth to society. (B) Because games have been praised
(C) The elites do not deserve any of and demonized.
their wealth. (C) Because games have been covered a
(D) In the middle of crisis, they should lot by the media
stop gaining more profits. (D) Because video games are a
(E) The worthiness of their ridiculous sensational phenomenon
wealth needs to be challenged. (E) Because the media has made
extreme claims, usually with no
6. The word 'acumen in the last actual evidence
paragraph most nearly means.....
(A) Belligerence 10. What can we say about the author's
(B) Intelligence objective in writing this article?
(C) Immorality (A) The writer denies any claims on the
(D) Ineptness negative effects of games.
(E) Guile (B) The writer agrees that games ruin
our brain functions.
7. According to the text, a part of the (C) The writer proves the media's claims
rich is reveling in even more wealth on the negative effects of games.
than any time before the pandemic. Is (D) The writer explains how video games
this statement true? Which part change the brain's performance.
supports this statement? (E) The writer shows that video games
(A) Yes, it's mentioned that they're alter the brain's performance and
shielded from the pandemic effect structure.
by their wealth.
(B) No, it's mentioned that more than 11. Which of the following questions
40 million people in the US are cannot be answered by the passage?
losing their jobs. (A) How did the media frame video
(C) Yes, it's mentioned that Jeff Bezos games over the years?
even added 35 billion dollar to his (B) What are video games criticized for?
wealth during the pandemic. (C) Are video games gaining popularity
(D) No, it's not mentioned nor implied among adults?
anywhere in the text that the rich (D) Why are video games so polarizing?
are gaining more than before. (E) What are the advantages of playing
(E) Yes, it's mentioned that some of the video games?
rich are even enjoying an
unprecedented bounty. 12. Which option uses the word
"committed" in the same way that it is
8. What can be inferred from the used in sentence 6?
passage above? (A) Ken committed a peculiar and
uncharacteristic mistake.
(B) After throwing a tantrum in public,
Amber is finally committed to a psych
ward.
(C) Felix is committed to continuing
his study in the education field.
(D) Charlie has committed much of his
career is the gaming industry. 13. What can we say about the result of
(E) My family has been committed the study?
members of the city council. (A) The researchers collected the results
from previous studies examining
brain structure and functionality.
(B) More than changing how our brains
perform, playing games can also
alter brain structure.
(C) The study shows that gamers have
17. According to the passage, better performance in conducting
humpback songs have similar structure cognitive tasks compared to non-
to that of a language because … gamers.
(A) it is organized in a specific (D) The number of gamers is increasing
pattern using a clear set of rules due to the inclusion of the new type
(B) it displays variations among of gamers who play on mobile
geographically separated populations devices.
(C) it can convey information and (E) Playing video games on mobile
assert dominance with other males D. devices can alter the functionality
it evolves and spreads across and structure of the brain.
populations over course of years
(D) it is made up of repeated 14. What is the significance of the
phrases and themes expression "...but a new breed of casual
gamers has emerged..."?
18. As used in the last paragraph, the (A) To illustrate the important role of
word "embellishing" is closest in mobile gamers in the study
meaning to... (B) To introduce one of the types of
(A) taking something without gamers examined in the study
permission and without intending to (C) To introduce the group that
return it. promotes the expansion of video
(B) forming something by putting games
parts together or combining elements. (D) To specify which type of gamers is
(C) creating something more difficult included in the study
by causing it to be more complex. (E) To introduce the group of gamers
(D) making something more that is on the rise in popularity
interesting by adding extra features.
(E) representing something as being
than it really is.

Text for number 15-20

Scientists from the Cetacean Ecology Group at the University of Queensland,
and colleagues, studied song patterns of humpback whales from various regions
between 2009 and 2015 and found that not only do they collaboratively create songs
within a defined population, but they also share those songs over the ocean waves,
where they are picked up by disparate populations from other regions. Over the six
years scientists were observing whale populations, they identified six unique songs
which were transmitted eastward beginning with the west Australian population and
traveling to east Australia.
The songs follow a complex, language-like structure. Individual animals sing
compositions consisting of moans, cries, and other vocalizations called song units.
Song units are composed into larger phrases, which are repeated to form themes.
Different themes are produced in a consistent sequence to form a sang cycle that are
then repeated for hours, or even days. Over time, songs evolve through small changes
which are adopted by all singers in a population. As a result, songs change year over
year and vary by population.
It was proposed that song transmission might accur as humpbacks leave their
breeding grounds and migrate to foraging grounds close to Antarctica. On that
journey, a male humpback may end up swimming alongside males from another
population. When they hear his radically different song, they may borrow some
themes or steal the entire song. They will keep singing their new song when they
return to their breeding grounds.
Notably, no one is certain why the whales sing. Most research suggests a
courtship display, a conclusion supported at least partially by the fact that singing is
the exclusive ability of male humpbacks. Embellishing a song may be a way for him to
stand out. "These big changes jump out of the water at us, to our ears," Dr. Garland
said. "So I would assume they would be noticeable to females."

15. Which of the following statements rest of the guys imitate it to better
best expresses the main idea of the their chances.
passage?
A. Changes to humpback whale sang 19. It is most reasonable to conclude
may occur when males embellish their that the complexity of humpback songs
own song through addition, can be analyzed by measuring
substitution or deletion at any I. the sound the whales make
hierarchical level II. the length of the sound patterns
B. Humpback songs can morph and III. the duration of a song session
migrate within and between whale IV. the distance of whale migratory
populations in a stepwise fashion. route
C. Underwater recordings have revealed
that humpback males sing during
migration between breeding and feeding (A) I and II
habitats. (B) II and III
D. Whale songs travel in a linear (C) III and IV
pattern with certain variances as some (D) I, II, and III
individuals are sung differently with (E) All of the above
very minor differences.
E. When songs have significant 20. "When they hear his radically
changes performed by an individual different song, they may borrow some
whale, other pod members apply the themes or steal the entire song."
said changes. What meaning does the modal 'may'
carry in this context?
16. All of the following can be inferred (A) It shows permission.
from the passage, except .... (B) It shows suggestion.
(A) Male humpback whales go through (C) It shows possibility.
a cultural revolution by picking up (D) It shows polite offer.
new songs when shoring the same (E) It shows ability.
space as other whales.
(B) During the song, humpbacks
produce an intricate series of
sounds that can be deconstructed
into hierarchical elements.
(C) Some song learning can occur
between whale populations that are
in close proximity and may be able
to hear the other population's song.
(D) Humpback whales can learn an
entire song pattern from another
population very quickly, without
leaving anything out.
(E) E One whale finds mating success
by tinkering with the song style, the