PSP-0003C00B 2023/07/25 17:45:42+00:00 SENR5727 © 2023 Caterpillar Inc

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1995/10/18 Systems Operation (SENR5727-01)
SMCS -
General InformationP
SP-
202 0003
Reference: For Specifications with illustrations, refer to SENR5726, 988F Power Train
17: 3/07/2 C00B

Specifications. If the Specifications in SENR5726 are not the same as listed in the Systems
Operation and the Testing And Adjusting, look at the print date on the cover of each book. Use
4
the Specifications listed in the book with the latest date.
SEN 5:42+ 5
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Power Train Component Location

(1) Diesel engine. (2) Variable capacity torque converter. (3) Upper drive shaft. (4) Input transfer gears. (5)
Transmission. (6) Drive shaft. (7) Drive shaft. (8) Rear final drives. (9) Planetary gears for final drives. (10) Rear drive
pinion. (11) Drive shaft. (12) Output transfer gears. (13) Bearing cage. (14) Front drive pinion. (15) Front final drives.
Power from diesel engine (1) is sent from the flywheel to torque converter (2). The torque
converter is a variable capacity converter. The torque converter has two impellers and one
hydraulically activated clutch, which can cause a reduction in converter capacity (put a limit on
the amount of torque increase). The converter capacity is manually controlled by the variable
capacity torque converter control lever or a hand operated electric switch. The locations of the
lever and switch are in the operator's compartment.
Power from the output shaft of the torque converter is sent through drive shaft (3) to input
transfer gears (4). The output gear of the transfer gears turns the input shaft of the transmission.
Six hydraulically activated clutches in the transmission, provide four forward speeds and four
reverse speeds. Speed and direction selections are made with the STIC control.
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The transmission output shaft sends power through the idler gears in transfer gears (12) to the
output gear of the transfer gears. The output gear sends power through drive shaft (11) to the
rear drive pinion (10). The output gear also sends power to front drive pinion (14) through drive
shafts (6) and (7) and bearing cage (13).
The pinions, bevel gears, and gears of each differential turn their respective axles. The axles are
connected to final drives (8) and (15). The final drives turn the wheels.
Torque Converter
Torque Converter
(1) Gear. (2) Turbine. (3) Converter housing. (4) Outer impeller. (5) Clutch housing. (6) Inner impeller. (7) Cover. (8)
Carrier. (9) Output shaft. (10) Stator. (11) Output yoke. (12) Plate. (13) Disc. (14) Piston. (15) Dowels.
The torque converter is a variable capacity converter. The purpose of the variable capacity
converter is to allow the operator to limit the amount of torque increase in the torque converter.
This will cause a decrease in wheel slippage and reduce tire wear. This also permits an increase
of engine power for the hydraulic implement system.
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The amount of reduction of torque converter capacity is manually controlled by the variable
capacity torque converter control lever in the operator's compartment. The lever is connected to
the load piston in the sequence and pressure control valve by a cable. This lever permits the
torque converter to operate at any position between maximum and minimum capacity.
A switch in the lift control lever also controls torque converter capacity. When the switch is
moved to the ON position, it permits the torque converter to operate at maximum capacity
without any movement of the wheel torque lever. When the switch is moved to the OFF position,
the torque converter capacity returns to the variable capacity torque converter control lever
setting.
The torque converter has two impellers and a hydraulically activated clutch. Gear (1) is fastened
to converter housing (3). Gear (1) is engaged with teeth on the engine flywheel. The converter
housing is fastened to clutch housing (5). Inner impeller (6) is fastened to the clutch housing.
Plate (12) and piston (14) are held in position by dowels (15) on clutch housing (5).
Converter housing (3), clutch housing (5) and inner impeller (6) turn as a unit at the speed of the
engine. Clutch housing (5) turns plate (12) and piston (14) through dowels (15). Clutch disc (13)
is fastened to outer impeller (4). Turbine (2) is connected to output shaft (9). The output shaft is
connected to output yoke (11). The output yoke is connected to a universal joint that goes to the
input transfer gears.
Stator (10) is connected to carrier (8). Carrier (8) is fastened to the cover around the torque
converter. Carrier (8) and stator (10) do not turn.
Oil, from the ratio valve for converter inlet, flows into the torque converter through inlet passage
(16). The oil is sent to inner impeller (6) when the converter is at minimum capacity. The oil is
sent to inner impeller (6) and outer impeller (4) when the converter is at maximum capacity.
The oil flow inside the torque converter is from impeller or impellers to turbine (2), then to stator
(10). From stator (10), oil flows to impeller or impellers and then to carrier (8).
The torque converter is operated with oil under pressure to prevent cavitation. The maximum
inlet pressure is controlled by the converter inlet ratio valve. The outlet pressure is controlled by
the outlet relief valve and downstream restrictions.
Oil, at a pressure controlled by the sequence and pressure control valve, engages the outer
impeller clutch and causes outer impeller (4) to turn with inner impeller (6).
At maximum impeller clutch pressure, the clutch is completely engaged and there is no clutch
slippage. The torque converter operates at maximum capacity. A reduction of oil pressure allows
some clutch slippage. As the pressure of the oil gets lower, there is an increase in clutch
slippage.
The more clutch slippage, the more the reduction of torque converter capacity. At minimum
system pressure, the outer impeller is not connected to the inner impeller and torque converter
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capacity is at minimum.
There is no oil flow from the speed clutch circuit to the sequence and pressure control valve until
the spool for direction selection is moved from the NEUTRAL position. When the spool for
direction selection is moved, the speed and direction clutches fill, and send speed clutch oil to
the sequence and pressure control valve.
There is a decrease in speed clutch pressure in the torque converter circuit each time a direction
or speed selection is made. This causes the sequence valve and pressure control valve to move
to their NEUTRAL (spring-held) positions. The torque converter clutch does not engage again
until the speed clutch circuit, direction clutch circuit, and torque converter circuit are at their
system pressure.
For further explanation of the hydraulic controls, see the subject Torque Converter Hydraulic
System.
Operation
Minimum Capacity
Torque Converter Power Flow

(At Minimum Capacity) (2) Turbine. (3) Converter housing. (4) Outer impeller. (5) Clutch housing. (6) Inner impeller. (8)
Carrier. (9) Output shaft. (10) Stator. (11) Output yoke. (16) Inlet passage. (17) Outlet passage. (AA) Driven assembly.
(BB) Drive assembly. (CC) Stationary assembly.
Oil flows through inlet passage (16) in carrier (8) to inner impeller (6). The rotation of the impeller
supplies force to the oil. The inner impeller directs the oil toward turbine (2). The force of the oil
hitting the turbine blades causes the turbine to turn. The turbine turns output shaft (9).
The oil flows from the turbine in a direction opposite to the direction of inner impeller (6) rotation.
Stator (10) causes the oil to change direction. Since the stator is held stationary by carrier (8),
most of the oil is directed back to inner impeller (6). The remainder of the oil flows through outlet
passage (17) to the outlet relief valve.
The oil from the stator adds to the oil from the inlet passage to the inner impeller.
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Maximum Capacity
Torque Converter Power Flow (At Maximum Capacity)

(2) Turbine. (3) Converter housing. (4) Outer impeller. (5) Clutch housing. (6) Inner impeller. (8) Carrier. (9) Output
shaft. (10) Stator. (11) Output yoke. (12) Plate. (13) Disc. (14) Piston. (15) Dowels. (16) Inlet passage. (17) Outlet
passage. (AA) Driven assembly. (BB) Drive assembly. (CC) Stationary assembly.
The force of the oil from the sequence and pressure control valve and centrifugal valve causes
piston (14) to push clutch disc (13) against plate (12). The force of the friction between the clutch
disc and plate causes outer impeller (4) to be turned by the clutch housing. The inner and outer
impeller are now both turned.
Oil flows through inlet passage (16) in carrier (8) to inner impeller (6) and outer impeller (4). The
rotation of the impellers supplies force to the oil. The impellers direct the oil toward turbine (2).
The amount of oil directed to the turbine is greater than the amount of oil directed when the
converter is at minimum capacity. The force of the oil hitting the turbine blades causes the
turbine to turn. The turbine turns output shaft (9).
The oil flows from the turbine in a direction opposite to the direction of the inner and outer
impellers. Stator (10) causes the oil to change direction. Since the stator is held stationary by
carrier (8), most of the oil is sent back to the impellers. The remainder of the oil flows through
outlet passage (17) to the outlet relief valve.
The oil from the stator adds to the oil from the inlet passage to the impellers.
Since the force of the oil from the impellers to the turbine is greater, the torque output of the
converter is more than in minimum capacity.
Torque Converter Hydraulic System

Four control valves make up the hydraulic system for the torque converter. These valves are:
converter outlet relief valve, sequence and pressure control valve, converter inlet ratio valve, and
centrifugal valve.
Converter Inlet Ratio Valve

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Converter Inlet Ratio Valve Location

(1) Transmission selector and pressure control valve. (2) Converter inlet ratio valve. (3) Slug. (4) Spring.
The converter inlet ratio valve controls the maximum pressure to the torque converter. The main
purpose of the ratio valve is to prevent damage to the converter components when the engine is
started with cold oil. It makes sure that the maximum pressure to the converter does not go over
approximately 895 kPa (130 psi).
Converter Outlet Relief Valve
Converter Outlet Relief Valve
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(1) Spring. (2) Valve spool. (3) Spacers. (4) Poppet. (5) Valve body. (6) Spring.
The converter outlet relief valve maintains the pressure in the torque converter. When the
pressure in the torque converter is approximately 415 kPa (60 psi), spool (2) moves to the left
and allows the extra oil to flow to the oil cooler.
The outlet relief valve is on the front of the cover for the torque converter.
Spacers (3) are used to make an adjustment to the opening pressure of the valve.
Sequence And Pressure Control Valve
Sequence And Pressure Control Valve

(1) Valve spool (pressure control valve). (2) Spring (inner). (3) Spring (outer). (4) Spacers. (5) Load piston. (6) Slug. (7)
Slug. (8) Valve spool (sequence valve). (9) Spring. (10) Spacers.
Sequence valve (8) controls the oil flow to pressure control valve (1). It also makes sure that the
transmission clutches are engaged before the torque converter clutch engages.
Pressure control valve (1) controls the amount of variation in the pressure of the oil sent to the
centrifugal valve. The pressure variation is from 345 to 1900 kPa (50 to 275 psi). The variation in
pressure is controlled by the position of load piston (5).
Load piston (5) is connected, through a cable, to the variable capacity torque converter control
lever in the operator's compartment. The lever has MAXIMUM and MINIMUM positions. The
lever can be moved to any position between these two positions.
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When the variable capacity torque converter control lever is moved toward the MAXIMUM
position, load piston (5) moves toward pressure control valve (1). This causes an increase in the
force of springs (2 and 3). The pressure needed to move pressure control valve (1) is now
higher. The pressure of the oil in the converter clutch is higher. The converter clutch is engaged
more.
When the variable capacity torque converter control lever is moved toward the MINIMUM
position, load piston (5) moves away from pressure control valve (1). This causes a decrease in
the force of springs (2 and 3). The pressure needed to move pressure control valve (1) is now
less. The pressure of the oil in the converter clutch is less. The converter clutch is engaged less.
The balance between the pressure of the control valve and the springs allows a controlled
pressure to be in the converter clutch.
The sequence and pressure control valve is on the front of the cover for the torque converter.
Spacers (4) are used to make an adjustment to the oil pressure of the converter clutch.
Spacers (10) are used to make an adjustment to the sequence valve.
Centrifugal Valve
The centrifugal valve is a pressure reduction valve controlled by engine speed and pressure oil.
It is located on the torque converter clutch housing which turns at engine speed.
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Centrifugal Valve
(1) Valve body. (2) Screw. (3) Spacers. (4) Spring. (5) Slug. (6) Passage. (7) Valve spool.
Pressure oil to the centrifugal valve comes from the sequence and pressure control valve.
Centrifugal force, caused by an engine speed which exceeds 1800 rpm, moves valve spool (7)
against the force of spring (4). This opens a passage so that pressure oil from the sequence and
pressure control valve can flow to the converter clutch. The pressure oil pushes against the
clutch piston which in turn causes the clutch to engage.
The converter clutch is fully engaged when engine speed is 1800 rpm or more and wheel torque
lever is at the MAXIMUM position, or the solenoid valve is activated.
When a load on the engine causes engine speed to go below 1800 rpm, the centrifugal valve
automatically feels the decrease in engine speed and causes a decrease in clutch engagement.
Similarly, if the variable capacity torque converter control lever is moved toward the MINIMUM
position, oil pressure to the clutch is decreased, which causes a decrease in clutch engagement.
The amount of decrease in clutch engagement is in direct relation to the amount of decrease in
oil pressure.
The result is a decrease in the amount of engine power used by the torque converter when the
hydraulic implement pump and torque converter loads are high and permits the engine to run at
a higher speed.
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Solenoid Valve
The solenoid valve provides the operator the ability to put the torque converter at maximum
capacity without any movement of the variable capacity torque converter control lever.
ON-OFF Switch Location
Solenoid Valve
(1) Coil. (2) Spring. (3) Solenoid valve. (4) Plunger.
The solenoid valve is on the sequence and pressure control valve body. It is activated by an
electric ON-OFF switch. The electric switch is located on the handle of the bucket lift lever.
The solenoid valve is used when the operator has the wheel torque lever at a position other than
MAXIMUM and needs to operate the machine for only part of the cycle at maximum converter
capacity.
Operation
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Torque Converter Hydraulic Controls (Minimum Capacity)

(1) Torque converter. (2) Torque converter clutch. (3) Transmission hydraulic controls. (4) Oil filter. (5) Load piston. (6)
Converter outlet relief valve. (7) Converter outlet relief valve body. (8) Screen. (9) Oil pump. (10) Oil cooler. (11)
Centrifugal valve body. (12) Centrifugal valve. (13) Pressure control valve. (14) Sequence valve. (15) Sequence and
pressure control valve body. (16) Oil reservoir. (17) Torque converter solenoid valve. (18) Hand operated switch. (A)
Converter inlet pressure tap. (B) Relief valve pressure tap. (C) Converter outlet pressure tap. (D) Oil pump pressure
tap (on filter). (E) Converter clutch pressure tap. (F) Lubrication pressure tap. (AA) Speed clutch oil [P1]. (BB)
Converter clutch oil. (CC) Converter inlet oil [P3]. (DD) Converter outlet oil. (EE) Lubrication oil. (FF) Supply oil. (GG)
Return oil. (HH) Oil to centrifugal valve. (JJ) Oil to solenoid valve.
Minimum Capacity
When the engine is running, oil pump (9) pulls oil from reservoir (16) through magnetic screen
(8). The oil pump sends the oil to oil filter (4). The oil flows through the filter to transmission
hydraulic controls (3) and sequence and pressure control valve (15).
Oil is sent through an orifice to the slug chamber of sequence valve (14). As the pressure in the
slug chamber increases, the sequence valve starts to move. When the pressure in the speed
clutch circuit (felt in the slug chamber) is approximately 1860 kPa (270 psi), the sequence valve
moves and opens a passage to pressure control valve (13).
Oil, from the sequence valve, flows by the pressure control valve to centrifugal valve (12).
Centrifugal valve body (11) is fastened to the torque converter clutch housing which turns at
engine speed. Centrifugal force, caused by an increase in engine speed, moves valve (12)
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against the force of its spring. This opens a passage to the torque converter clutch and closes
the return passage to the reservoir.
The oil from the centrifugal valve then flows to torque converter clutch (2). The oil starts to fill the
area behind the piston of the converter clutch.
When the pressure in the speed clutch circuit is approximately 2540 kPa (370 psi), sequence
valve (14) moves all the way until it is against its stop. The sequence valve stays in this position
unless the pressure in the speed clutch decreases. The sequence valve makes sure that the
clutches in the transmission are engaged before the torque converter clutch engages.
When the area behind the piston of converter clutch (2) is full of oil, the pressure in the clutch
starts to increase. This increase is felt in the slug chamber of pressure control valve (13).
When the variable capacity torque converter control lever is in the MINIMUM position, load
piston (5) is against the cover of valve (15). This causes the force of the springs of the pressure
control valve to be less. It takes less pressure in the converter clutch to move the pressure
control valve.
When the pressure in the converter clutch is approximately 380 kPa (55 psi), the pressure in the
slug chamber of the pressure control valve causes the pressure control valve to move until it
closes the passage from the sequence valve. This stops the flow of oil to the converter clutch. At
this time, the pressure in the slug chamber is in balance with the force of the springs.
The pressure in the converter clutch is not enough to engage the clutch. The converter is at
minimum capacity.
When the pressure in the converter clutch falls below approximately 380 kPa (55 psi), the
pressure in the slug chamber also decreases. The force of the springs are now more than the
pressure in the slug chamber. Pressure control valve (13) moves and opens the passage from
the sequence valve. The pressure control valve repeats its operation. This operation keeps a
constant pressure in the torque converter clutch.
Maximum Capacity
Oil, from the sequence valve, flows by the pressure control valve to centrifugal valve (12).
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Centrifugal valve body (11) is fastened to the torque converter clutch housing which turns at
When the variable capacity torque converter control lever is in the MAXIMUM position, load
piston (5) is more toward the pressure control valve than in any other position of the lever. This
causes the force of the springs for the load piston to be greater. It takes more pressure in the
converter clutch to move the pressure control valve.
When the pressure in the converter is approximately 2540 kPa (370 psi), the pressure in the slug
chamber of the pressure control valve causes the pressure control valve to move until it closes
the passage from the sequence valve. This stops the flow of oil to the converter clutch. At this
time the pressure in the slug chamber is in balance with the force of the springs.
The converter clutch is engaged all the way. The inner impeller and outer impeller are connected
by the clutch. The converter is at maximum capacity.
When the pressure in the converter clutch starts to decrease (normal leakage), the pressure in
the pressure control valve also decreases. The force of the springs are now more than the
constant pressure in the torque converter clutch.
Variable Capacity (Between Minimum and Maximum)

Oil from the sequence valve flows by the pressure control valve to centrifugal valve (12).
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Centrifugal valve body (11) is fastened to the torque converter clutch housing, which turns at
When the variable capacity torque converter control lever is in a position between MINIMUM and
MAXIMUM, load piston (5) is also between its minimum and maximum positions. The force of
the springs of the pressure control valve is determined by the position of load piston (5). The
pressure needed to move the pressure control is in direct relation with the position of the load
piston.
When the pressure in the converter clutch increases, the pressure in the slug chamber
increases. When the pressure is greater than the force of the springs, the pressure control valve
moves until it closes the passage from the sequence valve. This stops the oil flow to the
converter clutch. At this time, the pressure in the slug chamber is in balance with the force of the
springs.
The amount of pressure in the converter clutch determines how much the clutch is engaged. The
more the variable capacity torque converter control lever is toward the MAXIMUM position, the
more the converter clutch is engaged. Since the converter clutch is not engaged all the way,
there is slippage between the disc and plate of the clutch. This slippage provides the variable
capacity of the torque converter.
When the pressure in the converter clutch starts to decrease (normal leakage), the pressure in
the pressure control valve also decreases. The force of the springs are now more than the
constant pressure in the torque converter clutch as determined by the position of the wheel
torque lever.
Solenoid Valve
When the electric switch is moved to the ON position, electric current is sent to the coil of the
solenoid valve. The current causes the coil to move the plunger against the spring. This opens a
passage to the oil reservoir.
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The slug chamber of the pressure control valve is connected to this passage. The pressure in
the slug chamber decreases. Spring force moves the pressure control valve until it is against the
valve body cover. This allows maximum system pressure to go to the torque converter clutch.
This engages the clutch all the way. The torque converter is now at maximum capacity.
When the electric switch is moved to the OFF position, the electric current to the coil is stopped.
The spring moves the plunger. The plunger closes the passage to the reservoir. There is an
increase in the pressure of the oil in the slug chamber of the pressure control valve. The control
valve moves to its original position (the position of the variable capacity torque converter control
lever).
Transmission Hydraulic System
Hydraulic System Schematic

(1) Oil pump bleed line. (2) Oil pump. (3) Oil filter. (4) Line to converter clutch. (5) Transmission hydraulic controls. (6)
Transmission case. (7) Case for output transfer gears. (8) Oil cooler. (9) Torque converter case. (10) Torque converter.
(11) Centrifugal valve. (12) Adapter. (13) Inlet line to torque converter. (14) Sequence and pressure control valve for
torque converter. (15) Outlet line from torque converter. (16) Outlet relief valve for torque converter. (17) Return line
from torque converter case. (18) Outlet line from cooler to planetary lubrication. (19) Supply line. (20) Magnetic screen.
The hydraulic system has a common reservoir. The reservoir is in case (7) for the output transfer
gears. It provides oil for the operation of the torque converter and transmission. It also provides
lubrication oil for the different components in the system.
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Oil is pulled from the reservoir through screen (20) by oil pump (2). Bleed line (1) goes from
pump (2) to outlet relief valve (16) for the torque converter. When the engine is first started, line
(1) allows any air in the suction section of the pump to flow out of the pump. The operation of the
pump starts faster. After the engine is running, line (1) allows a specific amount of oil to flow to
relief valve (16).
Pump (2) sends pressure oil to oil filter (3). The oil flows through the filter. If the oil filter element
has restrictions, a bypass valve in the filter allows the oil to flow around the filter.
From the filter, the oil flows to transmission hydraulic controls (5) and to sequence and pressure
control valve (14).
From the sequence and pressure control valve, oil flows to centrifugal valve (11) which is
fastened to the torque converter clutch housing.
From the centrifugal valve, oil flows to the torque converter clutch, as needed. For more
explanation of the torque converter controls, see the subject Torque Converter Hydraulic
Controls.
Transmission hydraulic controls (5) control the pressure and flow of the oil to the transmission
clutches for engagement. They also control the inlet oil to the torque converter.
Inlet oil, for the operation of the torque converter, flows through line (12) to the torque converter.
The inlet pressure valve for the torque converter controls the pressure to the torque converter.
Leakage of oil inside the torque converter is for lubrication of the inside components. After
lubrication of the components, this oil flows to the bottom of the torque converter housing. From
the bottom of the housing, the oil flows through line (16) to the reservoir in the case for the
output transfer gears.
Outlet oil from the torque converter flows to outlet relief valve (15). Relief valve (15) keeps the
pressure inside the torque converter at a specific rate. From the outlet relief valve, the oil flows
through line (14) to oil cooler (8).
After flowing through the cooler, the oil at a lower temperature, flows through line (17) to the
transmission planetary. This oil is for lubrication of the inside components of the transmission
and the input transfer gears.
Planetary Lubrication
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Planetary Lubrication
(1) No. 1 clutch housing. (2) Ring gear for No. 2 clutch. (3) Ring gear for No. 5 clutch. (4) Manifold. (5) Passage. (6)
Ring gear for No. 6 clutch. (7) Carrier. (8) Planetary shafts. (9) Passage. (10) Planetary shafts. (11) Oil chamber. (12)
Planetary shafts. (13) Oil passage. (14) Planetary shafts. (15) Carrier. (16) Oil chamber. (17) Oil inlet line. (18)
Passage.
All outlet oil from the torque converter oil cooler flows through a line to oil inlet (17) on oil
manifold (4). The oil flows through passage (18) to oil chamber (16). The flow of oil divides. Part
of the oil flows through passages in manifold (4) to the No. 6 clutch. The remainder of the oil
flows through passage (13).
The oil, to the No. 6 clutch, flows through holes in ring gear (6) to the discs and plates of the No.
6 clutch. Oil also flows to planetary shafts (10). This oil flows through holes in the shafts to the
bearings of the planetary gears. Oil also flows to the rear bearing of the transmission.
The oil, that flows through passage (13), flows to the front of the transmission. Passage (13) is a
series of passages, in the different clutch housings, that are in alignment. Oil flows through
passage (13) to chamber (11) between housing (1) and carrier (7). The flow of oil divides. Part of
the oil flows through passages (5) and (9). The remainder of the oil flows toward the rear of the
transmission.
Oil flows through passages (5) and (9) to the input transfer gears. Passage (5) provides
lubrication oil to one of the transfer gears. Passage (9) provides lubrication oil to the other
transfer gear. Return oil, from the input transfer gears, flows to the bottom of the transfer case.
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This oil then flows through the transmission case to the main oil reservoir in the output gear
case.
Most of the oil, from chamber (11), flows to planetary shafts (8). Holes in shafts (8) allow oil to
flow to the bearings of the No. 1 planetary gears. Oil flows out holes in ends of shafts (8) to
planetary shafts (12). Holes in shafts (12) allow oil to flow to the bearing of the No. 2 and No. 3
planetary gears.
Oil flows out holes in the ends of shafts (12) to planetary shafts (14). Holes in shafts (14) allow
oil to flow to the bearings of the No. 4 planetary gears. Oil flows out holes in shafts (14) to carrier
(15). Oil flows through holes in carrier (15). Oil flows through holes in ring gear (3) to the discs
and plates of the No. 5 clutch. At the same time, oil flows through passages to the discs and
plates of the No. 3 and No. 4 clutches.
Holes in ring gear (2) allow oil to flow to the discs and plates of the No. 2 clutch.
The end bearing of the input shaft gets oil from a passage between the input and output shafts.
The bearings on the input shaft and output shaft get oil through passages in the different
components.
The restrictions, to the flow of oil inside the planetary, keep the lubrication pressure at
approximately 140 kPa (20 psi).
All clutch leakage oil and return lubrication oil flows to the bottom of the transmission case. This
oil then flows to the main oil reservoir in the output gear case.
Input Transfer Gear Lubrication

The input transfer gears get lubrication oil from the transmission planetary. Two passages in the
No. 1 clutch housing send oil to the transfer gears. Each passage sends oil to one of the input
gears.
Output Transfer Gear Lubrication

The output transfer gears get their lubrication from oil thrown inside the transfer case. Since the
transfer gear case is also the reservoir for the transmission circuit, all return oil flows to the
bottom of the case. The movement of the gears in the oil causes oil to be thrown on all the
components.
Oil Pump
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Oil Pump Construction

(1) Dowels. (2) Dowels. (3) Gear. (4) Bearings (four). (5) Shaft. (6) Passage. (7) Seal. (8) Opening. (9) Seal. (10)
Passage. (11) Gear. (12) Drive shaft. (13) Manifold. (14) Bolts. (15) Seal (two). (16) Body. (17) Cover.
Oil Pump Location

(18) Transmission oil pump.
The oil pump is a single-section, gear-type pump. The pump is on the flywheel end of the engine
between the implement pump and the pilot and steering pump.
The main components of the oil pump are: cover (17), body (16), manifold (13), drive shaft (12),
gear (11), shaft (5), and gear (3).
Drive shaft (12) is connected to a gear on the engine. Drive shaft (12) is turned through the gear
by the engine. Drive shaft (12) turns gear (11). Gear (11) turns gear (3).
In operation, oil comes from the screen and flows into opening (8) in manifold (13). The oil flows
through opening (8) to the lower part of body (16). The oil fills the spaces between the teeth of
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gears (3) and (11). As the gears turn, oil is pushed from body (16). The oil flows through a
passage in manifold (13) to an oil line. The oil then flows to the filter.
When the engine is not running, air is present in the pump. When the engine is started, a line on
the outlet side of the pump allows the air to flow from the pump. This prevents air from getting
into the system. After all air is out of the pump, an orifice in the line allows a specific amount of
oil to flow to the lubrication circuit.
Oil Filter
Oil Filter Location

Correct maintenance must be used to make certain that filter element (7) does not become full of
debris and stop the flow of clean oil to the hydraulic system.
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Oil Filter Components

(1) Bypass valve. (2) Spring. (3) Plug. (4) Inlet passage. (5) Outlet passage. (6) Base. (7) Element. (8) Housing. (9)
Plug.
Pressure oil, from the oil pump, flows in filter base (6) through inlet passage (4). The oil flows
through the filter base to housing (8). Oil fills the space between the inside of housing (8) and
filter element (7). Normally, oil flows through the filter element and then to the outlet passage.
The oil then flows to the remainder of the hydraulic system. The filter element stops any debris
that is in the oil.
If the filter element becomes full of debris, the restriction to the flow of oil causes a pressure
increase inside the filter. The increase in pressure causes bypass valve (1) to open. The oil then
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flows to the hydraulic system. When the oil does not flow through the filter element, it is dirty and
the debris in the oil can cause damage to other components in the hydraulic system.
During normal operation, the end of bypass valve (1) is in contact with a switch. This keeps
transmission filter bypass alert indicator (10), for the transmission OFF. When bypass valve (1)
opens, it moves away from the switch. The contact between the bypass valve and the switch is
broken. At this time, alert indicator (10) comes ON. This is an indication to the operator that the
filter element is plugged and the bypass valve is open. The indicator comes on only when the oil
in the system is at the correct temperature for operation.
Filter Plugged Alert Indicator Location

(10) Filter plugged alert indicator.
Transmission Oil Cooler
Oil Cooler Location

(1) Engine oil cooler. (2) Water pump. (3) Bonnet. (4) Bonnet. (5) Bonnet. (6) Transmission oil cooler.
Engine coolant, from water pump (2), flows through bonnets (3) and (5) to oil cooler (6). The
coolant flows through long tubes (9) to bonnet (4). The coolant flows through bonnet (4) to the
engine cylinder block.
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Transmission Oil Cooler Schematic

(3) Bonnet. (4) Bonnet. (5) Bonnet. (6) Transmission oil cooler. (7) Baffles. (8) Oil outlet. (9) Tubes. (10) Oil inlet.
Transmission and hydraulic system oil, with high temperature, flows from the torque converter
outlet to the oil cooler. This oil flows through inlet (10) to the inside of the cooler. The oil flows
around tubes (9) in the cooler. In this procedure, heat is removed from the oil and is transferred
to the coolant in the tubes. The engine coolant is then cooled by the cooling system of the
engine.
After the oil flows around the tubes, it flows to the other end of the cooler. The oil then flows out
of the cooler through outlet (8). This oil has a lower temperature than the inlet oil. Now, the oil
flows through a line to the planetary for lubrication.
Magnetic Screen
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Magnetic Screen Location

The magnetic screen is fastened to the case of the output transfer gears. All oil flows through the
magnetic screen before it flows to the oil pump.
The magnetic screen has a metal screen and a magnetic tube assembly. Oil comes in at the
bottom of the magnetic tube assembly. The oil flows through the center of the tube assembly. Oil
flows through holes in the tube between the magnets. The magnets are installed on the tube with
the same magnetic ends next to each other. As the oil flows over the magnets, metal particles
are stopped and held by the magnets. Other debris in the oil is stopped by the metal screen as
the oil flows through the screen to the oil pump.
Transmission
Transmission Components
(1) Coupling. (2) Ring gear for No. 1 clutch. (3) No. 1 clutch. (4) No. 2 sun gear. (5) No. 2 clutch. (6) Ring gear for No. 2
clutch. (7) No. 2 and No. 3 carrier. (8) No. 3 clutch. (9) Ring gear for No. 3 clutch. (10) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun
gear. (12) No. 4 clutch. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (14) No. 5 clutch. (15) Rotating hub. (16) No. 6 clutch. (17) Ring
gear for No. 6 clutch. (18) No. 6 carrier. (19) No. 6 sun gear. (20) No. 1 carrier. (21) No. 1 sun gear. (22) Output shaft.
(23) Input shaft. (24) No. 1 planetary gears. (25) No. 2 planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears. (27) No. 4 planetary
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gears. (28) Housing assembly. (29) No. 6 planetary gears.

The transmission has six hydraulically activated clutches that provide four speeds FORWARD
and four speeds REVERSE. Speed and direction are both manually selected.
The transmission is fastened between the torque converter cover and the case for the output
transfer gears. Input power to the transmission comes from the torque converter.
A speed clutch and a direction clutch must both be engaged, in that order, to send power through
the transmission. The chart provides the combination of the clutches engaged for each
FORWARD and REVERSE speeds.
The two clutches, No. 1 and No. 2, nearest the input end of the transmission are the direction
clutches. The No. 1 clutch is the REVERSE direction clutch. The No. 2 clutch is the FORWARD
direction clutch.
The No. 3, No. 4, No. 5 and No. 6 clutches are the speed clutches. The No. 3 clutch provides
FOURTH speed. The No. 4 clutch provides THIRD speed. The No. 5 clutch provides SECOND
speed. The No. 6 clutch provides FIRST speed.
First Speed Forward
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Power Flow In First Speed Forward (No. 2 And No. 6 Clutches Engaged)
(4) No. 2 sun gear. (5) No. 2 clutch. (6) Ring gear for No. 2 clutch. (7) No. 2 and No. 3 carrier. (9) Ring gear for No. 3
clutch. (10) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun gear. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (16) No. 6 clutch. (17) Ring gear for No. 6
clutch. (18) No. 6 carrier. (19) No. 6 sun gear. (22) Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (25) No. 2 planetary gears. (26) No. 3
planetary gears. (27) No. 4 planetary gears. (28) Housing assembly. (29) No. 6 planetary gears.
When the transmission is in FIRST SPEED FORWARD, No. 6 and No. 2 clutches are engaged.
The No. 2 clutch holds ring gear (6) for the No. 2 clutch stationary. The No. 6 clutch holds ring
gear (17) for the No. 6 clutch stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 2 sun gear (4). No. 2 sun gear
turns No. 2 planetary gears (25).
Since ring gear (6) is held stationary by the No. 2 clutch, planetary gears (25) move around the
inside of the ring gear. The movement of planetary gears (25) causes No. 2 and No. 3 carrier (7)
to turn in the same direction as input shaft (23).
As the No. 2 and No. 3 carrier turns, No. 3 planetary gears (26) turn. The No. 3 planetary gears
turn ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch and output shaft (22). Ring gear (9) turns No. 4 carrier (10).
As the No. 4 carrier turns, No. 4 planetary gears (27) turn. The No. 4 planetary gears turn ring
gear (13) for the No. 4 clutch, which is fastened to housing assembly (28) by bolts. The No. 4
planetary gears also turn No. 4 sun gear (11). No. 4 sun gear turns output shaft (22).
inside of the ring gear. The movement of planetary gears (29) and No. 6 carrier (18) causes No.
6 sun gear to turn. No. 6 sun gear turns housing assembly (28) and output shaft (22).
As a result, torque to output shaft (22) is divided through No. 3 planetary gears (26), No. 4 sun
gear (11) and No. 6 sun gear (19). From the output shaft, power flows through the output transfer
gears to the differentials.
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Second Speed Forward
Power Flow In Second Speed Forward (No. 2 And No. 5 Clutches Engaged)
clutch. (10) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun gear. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (14) No. 5 clutch. (15) Rotating hub. (22)
Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (25) No. 2 planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears. (27) No. 4 planetary gears. (28)
Housing assembly.
When the transmission is in SECOND SPEED FORWARD, No. 5 and No. 2 clutches are
engaged. The No. 2 clutch holds ring gear (6) for the No. 2 clutch stationary. The No. 5 clutch
holds rotating hub (15) stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 2 sun gear (4). No. 2 sun gear turns
No. 2 planetary gears (25).
to turn in the same direction as input shaft (23). As the No. 2 and No. 3 carrier turns, No. 3
planetary gears (26) turn. The No. 3 planetary gears turn ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch and
output shaft (22). Ring gear (9) turns No. 4 carrier (10).
As the No. 4 carrier turns, No. 4 planetary gears (27) turn. The No. 4 planetary gears turn ring
gear (13) for the No. 4 clutch, which is fastened to housing assembly (28) by bolts. The No. 4
planetary gears also turn No. 4 sun gear (11). No. 4 sun gear turns output shaft (22).
Since rotating hub (15) is held stationary by No. 5 clutch (14), power is sent through the No. 5
clutch to rotating hub (15). Rotating hub (15) turns output shaft (22).
gear (11) and rotating hub (15). From the output shaft, power flows through the output transfer
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Third Speed Forward
Power Flow In Third Speed Forward (No. 2 And No. 4 Clutches Engaged)
clutch. (10) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun gear. (12) No. 4 clutch. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (22) Output shaft. (23)
Input shaft. (25) No. 2 planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears. (27) No. 4 planetary gears.
When the transmission is in THIRD SPEED FORWARD, No. 4 and No. 2 clutches are engaged.
The No. 2 clutch holds ring gear (6) for the No. 2 clutch stationary. The No. 4 clutch holds ring
gear (13) for the No. 4 clutch stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 2 sun gear (4). No. 2 sun gear
turns No. 2 planetary gears (25).
to turn in the same direction as input shaft (23). As the No. 2 and No. 3 carrier turns, No. 3
planetary gears (26) turn. The No. 3 planetary gears turn ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch and
output shaft (22). Ring gear (9) turns No. 4 carrier (10).
inside of the ring gear. The movement of planetary gears (27) and No. 4 carrier (10), causes No.
4 sun gear (11) to turn. No. 4 sun gear turns output shaft (22).
As a result, torque to output shaft (22) is divided through No. 3 planetary gears (26) and No. 4
sun gear (11). From the output shaft, power flows through the output transfer gears to the
differentials.
Fourth Speed Forward
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Power Flow In Fourth Speed Forward (No. 2 And No. 3 Clutches Engaged)
(4) No. 2 sun gear. (5) No. 2 clutch. (6) Ring gear for No. 2 clutch. (7) No. 2 and No. 3 carrier. (8) No. 3 clutch. (9) Ring
gear for No. 3 clutch. (10) No. 4 carrier. (22) Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (25) No. 2 planetary gears. (26) No. 3
planetary gears.
When the transmission is in FOURTH SPEED FORWARD, No. 2 and No. 3 clutches are
engaged. The No. 2 clutch holds ring gear (6) for the No. 2 clutch stationary. The No. 3 clutch
holds ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 2 sun gear (4). No. 2
sun gear turns No. 2 planetary gears (25).
to turn in the same direction as input shaft (23).
Since ring gear (9) is held stationary by the No. 3 clutch, the movement of No. 2 and No. 3
carrier (7) causes No. 3 planetary gears (26) to move around the inside of the ring gear. The No.
3 planetary gears turn output shaft (22). From the output shaft, power flows through the output
transfer gears to the differentials.
First Speed Reverse
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Power Flow In First Speed Reverse (No. 1 And No. 6 Clutches Engaged)
(1) Coupling. (2) Ring gear for No. 1 clutch. (3) No. 1 clutch. (7) No. 2 and No. 3 carrier. (9) Ring gear for No. 3 clutch.
(10) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun gear. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (16) No. 6 clutch. (17) Ring gear for No. 6 clutch.
(18) No. 6. carrier. (19) No. 6 sun gear. (20) No. 1 carrier. (21) No. 1 sun gear. (22) Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (24)
No. 1 planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears. (27) No. 4 planetary gears. (28) Housing assembly. (29) No. 6
planetary gears.
When the transmission is in FIRST SPEED REVERSE, No. 1 and No. 6 clutches are engaged.
The No. 1 clutch holds coupling (1) for the No. 1 clutch stationary. The No. 6 clutch holds ring
gear (17) for the No. 6 clutch stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 1 sun gear (21). No. 1 sun
gear turns No. 1 planetary gears (24). No. 1 carrier (20) is in direct mechanical connection with
coupling (1).
Since coupling (1) is held stationary by the No. 1 clutch, so is No. 1 carrier (20). The movement
of No. 1 planetary gears (24) causes ring gear (2) to turn in the opposite direction of input shaft
(23). Ring gear (2) is in direct mechanical connection with No. 2 and No. 3 carrier (7). As the No.
2 and No. 3 carrier turns, No. 3 planetary gears (26) turn.
The No. 3 planetary gears turn ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch and output shaft (22). Ring gear
(9) turns No. 4 carrier (10). As the No. 4 carrier turns, No. 4 planetary gears (27) turn. The No. 4
planetary gears turn ring gear (13) for the No. 4 clutch, which is fastened to housing assembly
(28) by bolts.
The No. 4 planetary gears also turn No. 4 sun gear (11). No. 4 sun gear turns output shaft (22).
6 sun gear to turn. No. 6 sun gear turns housing assembly (28) and output shaft (22).
gear (11) and No. 6 sun gear (19). From the output shaft, power flows through the output transfer
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Second Speed Reverse
Power Flow In Second Speed Reverse (No. 1 And No. 5 Clutches Engaged)
(1) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun gear. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (14) No. 5 clutch. (15) Rotating hub. (20) No. 1
carrier. (21) No. 1 sun gear. (22) Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (24) No. 1 planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears.
(27) No. 4 planetary gears. (28) Housing assembly.
When the transmission is in SECOND SPEED REVERSE, No. 1 and No. 5 clutches are
engaged. The No. 1 clutch holds coupling (1) for the No. 1 clutch stationary. The No. 5 clutch
holds rotating hub (15) stationary.
Input shaft (23) turns No. 1 sun gear (21). No. 1 sun gear turns No. 1 planetary gears (24). No. 1
carrier (20) is in direct mechanical connection with coupling (1).
2 and No. 3 carrier turns, No. 3 planetary gears (26) turn.
The No. 3 planetary gears turn ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch and output shaft (22). Ring gear
(9) turns No. 4 carrier (10). As the No. 4 carrier turns, No. 4 planetary gears (27) turn. The No. 4
planetary gears turn ring gear (13) for the No. 4 clutch, which is fastened to housing assembly
(28) by bolts. The No. 4 planetary gears also turn No. 4 sun gear (11). No. 4 sun gear turns
output shaft (22).
Since rotating hub (15) is held stationary by No. 5 clutch (14), power is sent through the No. 5
clutch to rotating hub (15). Rotating hub (15) turns output shaft (22).
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gear (11) and rotating hub (15). From the output shaft, power flows through the output transfer
Third Speed Reverse
Power Flow In Third Speed Reverse (No. 1 And No. 4 Clutches Engaged)
(10) No. 4 carrier. (11) No. 4 sun gear. (12) No. 4 clutch. (13) Ring gear for No. 4 clutch. (20) No. 1 carrier. (21) No. 1
sun gear. (22) Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (24) No. 1 planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears. (27) No. 4
planetary gears.
When the transmission is in THIRD SPEED REVERSE, No. 1 and No. 4 clutches are engaged.
The No. 1 clutch holds coupling (1) for the No. 1 clutch stationary. The No. 4 clutch holds ring
gear (13) for the No. 4 clutch stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 1 sun gear (21). No. 1 sun
gear turns No. 1 planetary gears (24). No. 1 carrier (20) is in direct mechanical connection with
coupling (1).
2 and No. 3 carrier turns, No. 3 planetary gears (26) turn. The No. 3 planetary gears turn ring
gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch and output shaft (22). Ring gear (9) turns No. 4 carrier (10).
4 sun gear (11) to turn. No. 4 sun gear turns output shaft (22).
As a result, torque to output shaft (22) is divided through No. 3 planetary gears (26) and No. 4
sun gear (11). From the output shaft, power flows through the output transfer gears to the
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differentials.
Fourth Speed Reverse
Power Flow In Fourth Speed Reverse (No. 1 And No. 3 Clutches Engaged)
(1) Coupling. (2) Ring gear for No. 1 clutch. (3) No. 1 clutch. (7) No. 2 and No. 3 carrier. (8) No. 3 clutch. (9) Ring gear
for No. 3 clutch. (10) No. 4 carrier. (20) No. 1 carrier. (21) No. 1 sun gear. (22) Output shaft. (23) Input shaft. (24) No. 1
planetary gears. (26) No. 3 planetary gears. (27) No. 4 planetary gears.
When the transmission is in FOURTH SPEED REVERSE, No. 1 and No. 3 clutches are
engaged. The No. 1 clutch holds coupling (1) for the No. 1 clutch stationary. The No. 3 clutch
holds ring gear (9) for the No. 3 clutch stationary. Input shaft (23) turns No. 1 sun gear (21). No.
1 sun gear turns No. 1 planetary gear (24). No. 1 carrier (20) is in direct mechanical connection
with coupling (1).
(23). Ring gear (2) is in direct mechanical connection with No. 2 and No. 3 carrier (7).
Since ring gear (9) is held stationary by the No. 3 clutch, the movement of No. 2 and No. 3
carrier (7) causes No. 3 planetary gears (26) to move around the inside of the ring gear. The No.
3 planetary gears turn output shaft (22). From the output shaft, power flows through the output
transfer gears to the differentials.
Transmission Hydraulic Controls

Introduction
The transmission hydraulic controls control the oil pressure to the torque converter and
transmission clutches and lubrication circuits, and, control the flow of oil to the clutches. The
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transmission hydraulic controls are installed on the top of the transmission planetary group. The
controls consist of solenoids (1), manifold (2), top manifold (3), selector and pressure control
valve group (4), plate (5), and selector valve group (6). Speed selector spool for first and third
speed is behind cover (7).
PSP
202 -0003
17: 3/07/2 C00B
4
SEN 5:42+ 5
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023 7
Cat
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c.
Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Side View)
(1) Solenoids. (2) Solenoid manifold. (3) Top manifold. (4) Selector and pressure control valve. (5) Plate. (6) Selector
valve group. (7) Cover.
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Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Top View)

(8) No. 3 Clutch solenoid. (9) No. 4 Clutch solenoid. (10) No. 5 Clutch solenoid. (11) P1 Pressure tap. (12) P3 Pressure
tap. (13) Oil tube (inlet from pump). (14) P2 Pressure tap. (15) Oil tube (outlet to torque converter). (16) No. 2 Clutch
solenoid. (17) No. 6 Clutch solenoid. (18) No. 1 Clutch solenoid. (19) Plug for load piston.
Inlet oil for operation of the hydraulic controls comes from the transmission oil filter and flows
through tube (13) to the selector and pressure control valve.
Oil for the operation of the torque converter flows through tube (15) and an oil line to the torque
converter.
The clutch solenoids direct pump oil to the ends of the selector spools. The selector spools move
to send oil to engage a clutch.
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Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Bottom View)

(6) Selector valve group. (20) Passage to No. 3 Clutch. (21) Passage to No. 5 Clutch. (22) Passage to No. 2 Clutch.
(23) Passage to No. 1 Clutch. (24) Passage to No. 6 Clutch. (25) Passage to No. 4 Clutch.
Oil to the clutches is sent through openings (20), (21), (22), (23), (24), and (25) in the selector
valve group. The selector valve group is attached to the top of the planetary group.
Selector And Pressure Control Valve Group And

Selector Valve Group
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Selector and pressure control valve group and selector valve group
(1) Modulation relief valve. (2) Second and fourth speed selection spool. (3) First and third speed selection spool. (4)
Selector control valve group. (5) Converter inlet ratio valve. (6) Direction selection spool. (7) Selector and pressure
control valve group. (8) Pressure differential valve. (9) Load piston.
The selector and pressure control valve group and selector valve group are inside the top cover
of the transmission.
Selector spools (2), (3), and (6) are moved when oil pressure is applied to one end of the spool.
Each solenoid controls oil pressure to the end of one spool. If there is no pressure to the end of
a spool, that end is open to drain. Switches in the transmission control lever activate the
solenoids to control speed and direction of the transmission.
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Operation
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Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Neutral, Engine Stopped)

(1) No. 2 clutch solenoid. (2) No. 3 clutch solenoid. (3) Sequence and pressure control valve. (4) Torque converter
clutch solenoid valve. (5) No. 6 clutch solenoid. (6) No. 1 clutch solenoid. (7) No. 5 clutch solenoid. (8) No. 4 clutch
solenoid. (9) Torque converter clutch centrifugal valve. (10) Flow control orifice. (11) Torque converter. (12) Converter
inlet ratio valve. (13) Slug. (14) Slug. (15) Modulating relief valve. (16) Direction selection spool. (17) First and third
speed selector spool. (18) Transmission oil filter. (19) Torque converter outlet relief valve. (20) Pressure differential
valve. (21) Load piston. (22) Orifice. (23) Oil pump. (24) Oil cooler. (25) Transmission lubrication passage. (26) Second
speed selector spool. (27) Screen. (28) Reservoir. (A) Torque converter clutch pressure tap. (B) Converter inlet
pressure tap [P3]. (C) Speed clutch pressure tap [P1]. (D) Direction clutch pressure tap [P2]. (E) Pump pressure tap.
(F) Converter outlet pressure tap. (G) Lubrication pressure tap.
When the engine is started, oil pump (23) pulls oil from reservoir (28) through magnetic screen
(27). The pump sends the oil through filter (18) to the selector and pressure control valve group,
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which is part of the transmission hydraulic controls. Oil is also sent to sequence and pressure
control valve (3) for the torque converter.
Starting the Engine (Transmission in Neutral)
Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Neutral, Engine Running)

(2) No. 3 clutch solenoid. (10) Flow control orifice. (12) Converter inlet ratio valve. (15) Modulating relief valve. (17)
Second and fourth speed selector spool. (20) Pressure differential valve. (21) Load piston. (AA) Speed clutch oil [P1].
(BB) Direction clutch oil [P2]. (CC) Converter inlet oil [P3]. (DD) Converter outlet oil. (EE) Lubrication oil. (FF) Return
oil. (GG) Pilot oil.
When the STIC control direction switch is in NEUTRAL, solenoid (2) is activated. The solenoid
moves a spool and directs oil to the end of spool (17). Spool (17) moves down and pump oil
flows around the spool to No. 3 clutch.
No. 3 clutch is now applied. All of the remaining clutches are open to the reservoir.
Oil, from the pump, flows through flow control orifice (10) to No. 3 clutch, converter inlet ratio
valve (12) and pressure differential valve (20).
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The oil to pressure differential valve (20) flows through a small orifice in the valve spool and
starts to fill the chamber at the top end of the spool. The pressure in the chamber at the top of
valve spool (20) increases.
The increase in pressure moves the valve down against the force of the springs. The movement
of the valve spool closes a passage from the area behind the bottom end of load piston (21) and
the reservoir. At this time, pressure differential valve (20) is in the position shown in the
schematic. This allows the pressure in the system to increase.
As the pressure increases in the chamber at the top of pressure differential valve (20), the valve
moves down farther. This opens the direction clutch circuit to pump oil. It also closes the bottom
end of valve (20) to the reservoir. The pressure in the direction clutch circuit increases. The
increase is felt in the spring chamber of valve (20).
When the pressure in the direction clutch circuit is at its maximum, the pressure in the spring
chamber, plus the force of the springs, moves valve (20) up. The valve moves up until the flow of
pump oil to the direction clutch circuit is stopped. At this time, the movement of the valve spool
stops. Now the valve spool moves down and then up, (meters) to keep a constant pressure in
the direction clutch circuit.
Oil, from the pump, also flows to modulation relief valve (15). It fills the chamber around the
modulation relief valve. The oil flows through an orifice in the valve spool and opens the poppet
valve at the top of the valve spool. This allows oil to fill the slug chamber at the top of the valve
spool.
When the No. 3 clutch is full of oil, the pressure in the speed clutch circuit starts to increase. The
increase is felt in the slug chamber at the top of modulation relief valve (15). When the pressure
in the speed clutch circuit is at the initial setting of the modulation relief valve, the modulation
relief valve moves down. This allows extra oil to flow to the torque converter.
At the same time, pump oil also flows through an orifice to the area between the bottom of load
piston (21) and the cover on the selector and pressure control valve body. This area is closed to
the reservoir by the position of differential valve (20). The rate of flow to the area behind load
piston (21) is restricted by the orifice.
The pressure felt by the modulation relief valve, because of the increase in pressure in the
speed clutch circuit, is also felt behind load piston (21). The orifice in the supply passage causes
the oil to flow to the area behind the load piston at a specific rate. As the modulation relief valve
moves toward the bottom, the load piston moves towards the top. This causes the pressure in
No. 3 clutch to increase gradually.
This gradual increase in pressure is known as modulation. The load piston moves more toward
the top, against the force of its springs, until the area behind the load piston is open to a drain
passage. At this time, modulation stops. As the oil flows out the drain passage, oil continues to
fill the area behind the load piston. This keeps the load piston in a position without any further
movement.
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The operation of the load piston and the modulation relief valve keeps the system pressure at a
constant rate.
Pump oil also flows through flow control orifice (10) to converter inlet ratio valve (12). It flows
through an orifice in the valve spool and fills the slug chamber. This pressure pushes against
only the diameter of the slug.
The oil pressure to the torque converter is felt against the top of valve spool (12). This pressure
pushes against the whole diameter of the valve spool.
The pressure on the top of the valve needed to move the valve down is less than the pressure in
the slug chamber needed to move the valve up.
When the inlet pressure to the torque converter rises to its maximum, the valve spool moves
down. This allows the extra oil to flow to the reservoir. When the pressures are again in balance,
the valve moves back up.
All oil, not used by the clutches flows to the torque converter ratio valve.
Engine Running (Neutral to First Speed Forward)
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Transmission Hydraulic Controls (First Speed Forward)

(1) No. 2 clutch solenoid. (2) No. 3 clutch solenoid. (5) No. 6 clutch solenoid. (10) Flow control orifice. (12) Converter
inlet ratio valve. (13) Slug. (15) Modulating relief valve. (16) Direction selection spool. (17) Second and fourth speed
selector spool. (20) Pressure differential valve. (21) Load piston. (25) First and third speed selector spool. (AA) Speed
clutch oil [P1]. (BB) Direction clutch oil [P2]. (CC) Converter inlet oil [P3]. (DD) Converter outlet oil. (EE) Lubrication oil.
(FF) Return oil. (GG) Pilot oil.
When the transmission control lever is moved to FIRST SPEED FORWARD, switches in the
lever activates solenoids (1) and (5), and deactivates solenoid (2). Solenoid (1) moves a spool
and directs oil to the top end of direction selection spool (16). Spool (16) moves down and pump
oil flows around the spool to No. 2 clutch.
Solenoid (5) moves a spool and directs oil to the left end of speed selection spool (25). Spool
(25) moves to the right and pump oil flows around the spool to No. 6 clutch. Solenoid (2)
deactivates and directs oil from the top end of speed selection spool (17) to the reservoir. Spool
(17) moves up and pump oil is closed to No. 3 clutch.
When the shift to FIRST SPEED FORWARD is made, the No. 3 clutch is opened to the reservoir.
The pressure in the system decreases. Springs move modulation relief valve (15) up. Springs
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move pressure differential valve (20) up until the large orifice at the top end of valve (20) is
closed to pump oil by the valve body.
As the pressure differential valve moves up, the chamber behind load piston (21) opens to the
reservoir. This allows the springs to move the load piston down.
The speed clutch oil starts to fill No. 6 clutch.
When the No. 6 clutch is full of oil, the pressure in the speed clutch circuit starts to increase. The
increase is felt in the slug chamber of modulation relief valve (15) and the chamber at the top of
pressure differential valve (20).
The oil to pressure differential valve (20) starts to fill the chamber at the top of the valve spool,
through the small orifice.
When the pressure in the No. 6 clutch is approximately 380 kPa (55 psi), pressure differential
valve (20) starts to move down. The movement of the valve spool opens No. 2 clutch to pump
oil. It also closes a passage from the chamber behind load piston (21) to the reservoir.
When the No. 2 clutch is full of oil, the pressure in the direction clutch circuit increases. The
increase is felt in the spring chamber of pressure differential valve (20). The pressure in the
spring chamber and the force of the springs moves the valve up against the speed clutch
pressure at the top of the valve spool.
As the pressure in the speed clutch circuit increases, the pressure increases in the chamber at
the top of pressure differential valve (20).
The increase in pressure moves the valve spool down against the force of the springs. This
opens No. 2 clutch to pump oil.
As the pressure in the No. 2 clutch increases, the pressure increases in the spring chamber of
valve (20). The increased pressure in the spring chamber and the force of the springs, moves
the valve spool up.
This stops the flow of pump oil to the No. 2 clutch. This function continues until the pressure in
the No. 2 clutch is at its maximum. At this time, the pressure in the spring chamber and the force
of the springs moves the valve spool up, until the flow of oil to the clutch is stopped. Now the
valve moves up and down (meters) to keep a constant pressure in the No. 2 clutch. This
pressure is approximately 380 kPa (55 psi) less than the pressure in the speed clutch. This
difference is determined by the force of the springs of the pressure differential valve.
Oil, from the pump, also flows to modulation relief valve (15). It fills the chamber around the
valve spool. The oil flows through an orifice in the valve spool and opens the poppet valve at the
top end of the valve spool. This allows oil to fill the slug chamber at the top of the valve spool.
The function of modulation relief valve (15) and load piston (21), is to control the rate of the
pressure increase in the speed clutch circuit.
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As the pressure in the No. 6 clutch increases, modulation relief valve (15) moves down and load
piston (21) moves up. The orifice in the supply passage to the load piston, causes the oil to flow
to the area behind the load piston at a specific rate. As the modulation relief valve moves down
and the load piston moves up, the pressure in No. 6 clutch increases gradually. This gradual
increase in pressure is known as modulation.
The load piston moves more toward the top against the force of its springs, until the area behind
the load piston is open to a drain passage. At this time, modulation stops. As the oil flows out the
drain passage, oil continues to fill the area behind the load piston. This keeps the load piston in
this position. After the pressures in the clutches are at their maximum, modulation relief valve
(15) allows the extra oil to flow to the torque converter.
The operation of the load piston and the modulation relief valve keeps the system pressure at a
constant rate.
Pump oil also flows through flow control orifice (10) to converter inlet ratio valve (12). It flows
through an orifice in the valve spool and fills the slug chamber. This pressure pushes against
only the diameter of the slug.
The oil pressure to the torque converter is felt against the top of valve spool (12). This pressure
pushes against the whole diameter of the valve spool.
The pressure on the top of the valve needed to move the valve down is less than the pressure in
the slug chamber needed to move the valve up.
When the inlet pressure to the torque converter rises to its maximum, the valve spool moves
down. This allows the extra oil to flow to the reservoir. When the pressures are again in balance,
the valve moves back up.
All oil, not used by the clutches flows to the torque converter ratio valve.
Transmission Electrical System

The main components of the transmission electrical system are the STIC control, electronic
control module, five solenoid valves, transmission neutralizer switches, transmission neutralizer
override switch, and quickshift switch.
Transmission Electronic Control Module (ECM)
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Rear of Cab
(1) Transmission Electronic Control Module (ECM)
Electronic control module (ECM) (1) for the transmission is located at the rear of the cab behind
a cover. The main function of the ECM is to shift the transmission. The ECM receives operator
input from the STIC control to shift the transmission to the desired speed and direction.
The ECM also controls engine starting and the back-up alarm. The ECM will not allow the engine
to be started unless the direction control switch is in the neutral position. The back-up alarm is
activated any time the direction control switch is in the reverse position.
The ECM has built-in system diagnostics to detect faults in the transmission system. There is a
diagnostic display on the cover of the ECM that consists of three led lights and a three digit
number display. For information on troubleshooting the transmission ECM, see SENR5704,
STIC Control System.
STIC Control
STIC Control
(2) Transmission speed downshift control switch. (3) Transmission speed upshift control switch. (4) Transmission
direction control switch. (5) Transmission and steering lock.
The STIC control is a sealed unit. The STIC control is mounted on the left console. Transmission
direction control switch (4) is a three position switch that selects neutral, forward or reverse.
Transmission speed upshift switch (3) is a momentary contact switch that will select the next
higher speed. Transmission speed downshift switch (2) is a momentary contact switch that will
select the next lower speed.
Transmission And Steering Lock

When lock lever (5) is moved to the LOCK position, steering is disabled and a switch is
depressed. The ECM will shift the transmission to neutral.
When the lock lever is moved to the UNLOCK position, the operator has control of the steering
and transmission. The ECM will not shift the transmission into a speed until the direction control
switch is first moved to the neutral position.
Parking Brake Interlock

When the parking brake control is in the disengaged position, the transmission will shift normally.
When the parking brake control is in the engaged position, the transmission will not shift out of
neutral into first forward or first reverse.
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If the transmission is in first forward or first reverse when the parking brake is moved to the
engaged position, the transmission will be shifted into neutral. If the transmission is in second or
third speed, the transmission will stay engaged.
When the ECM has shifted the transmission into neutral, the ECM will not shift the transmission
into a speed until the direction control switch is first moved to the neutral position.
If there is a hydraulic failure, and the parking brake cannot be released, a "drive through" feature
is provided. If the parking brake control knob is held in the disengaged position, the transmission
will remain in first forward or first reverse, and the machine may be moved a short distance.
Transmission Neutralizer
Service Brake Valve

(6) Neutralizer pressure switch.
The left brake pedal is used to put the transmission in neutral when the service brakes are
applied. There are two switches that must be opened to neutralize the transmission. A limit
switch mounted above the left brake pedal is opened when the left brake pedal is depressed
approximately 3 to 6 mm (.12 to .24 in). This limit switch identifies to the ECM which brake pedal
is used. Pressure switch (6) located on the brake valve opens when the oil pressure to the
brakes is approximately 690 kPa (100 psi).
When the left brake pedal is released, the limit switch closes. When the brake pressure drops
below 690 kPa (100 psi) the pressure switch closes and the transmission will engage.
Right Console (2ZR1-UP)

(7) Quickshift switch. (8) Transmission neutralizer override switch.
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Right Console (8YG1-UP)

(7) Quickshift switch. (8) Transmission neutralizer override switch.
When the transmission is neutralized, the direction clutch solenoid is deactivated and the speed
clutch solenoid still remains activated.
Transmission neutralizer override switch (8) on the right console will disable the left brake pedal
neutralizing function. When the transmission override switch is in the ON position, the left brake
pedal functions the same as the right brake pedal. The transmission will not go to neutral when
the left brake pedal is used.
Quickshift Operation
Quickshift switch (7) is located on the right console. When the quickshift switch is in the ON
position, the transmission will automatically shift into second speed when a forward to reverse
shift is made from first speed. When a shift is then made to forward again, the transmission will
remain in second. The downshift switch must be used to shift the transmission back to first
speed at the beginning of the next work cycle.
The transmission must have been in first forward before the shift to reverse is made for the
quickshift to operate. If the transmission is shifted into first speed while in neutral and then the
shift is made into reverse, the transmission will not automatically upshift to second speed.
Solenoid valves
Transmission Hydraulic Control Valve

(9) Solenoid valve.
Solenoid valves (9) are installed in the transmission hydraulic controls. The solenoid valves are
two position-three way and are normally open to drain. When energized, the solenoid valve
spool moves to direct pressure oil to one end of a transmission control valve spool. The
transmission control valve spool directs pressure oil to a clutch.
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Input Transfer Gears
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Input Transfer Gears

(1) Shims. (2) Drive gear. (3) Bearing cup and cone. (4) Seal. (5) Bearing cup and cone. (6) Yoke assembly. (7) Cage.
(8) Cage. (9) Seal. (10) Bearing cup and cone. (11) Gear. (12) Plate. (13) Bearing cup and cone. (14) Bolts. (15)
Gasket. (16) Shims.
The input transfer gears are at the input side of the transmission. The upper drive shaft connects
the torque converter to yoke assembly (6).
Yoke assembly (6) is connected to drive gear (2) by splines. Drive gear (2) is engaged with
driven gear (11). Driven gear (11) is connected to the input shaft of the transmission.
The flow of power through the input transfer gears is:
a. From yoke assembly (6) to drive gear (2).
b. From drive gear (2) to driven gear (11).
c. From driven gear (11) to transmission input shaft.
Shims (1) are used to make an adjustment to the end play (bearing preload) of gear (2).
For lubrication of the input transfer gears, see the subject Input Transfer Gear Lubrication.
Output Transfer Gears
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Output Transfer Gears

(1) Case. (2) Drive gear. (3) Shims. (4) Bearing cup and cone. (5) Bearing cup and cone. (6) Idler gear. (7) Cage. (8)
Bearing cup and cone. (9) Bearing cup and cone. (10) Shaft. (11) Shims. (12) Gear. (13) Seal. (14) Yoke assembly.
(15) Bearing cups and cones. (16) Yoke assembly. (17) Cage. (18) Bearing. (19) Cage.
The output transfer gears are at the output side of the transmission. The output carrier of the
transmission is connected to drive gear (2) by splines.
Drive gear (2) is engaged with idler gear (6). Idler gear (6) is engaged with driven gear (12).
Driven gear (12) is connected to shaft (10) by splines. Yoke assemblies (14) and (16) are
connected to shaft (10) by splines. Yoke assembly (14) is connected to the short drive shaft that
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goes to the rear differential. Yoke assembly (16) is connected to the drive shaft that goes to the
bearing cage and then to the front differential.
The flow of power through the output transfer gears is:
a. From transmission output carrier to drive gear (2).
b. From drive gear (2) to idler gear (6).

c. From idler gear (6) to driven gear (12).
d. From driven gear (12) to shaft (10).
At shaft (10) the flow of power divides as follows:
a. Part of the power flows from yoke assembly (14) through a drive shaft to the rear differential.
b. Part of the power flows from yoke assembly (16) through a drive shaft and bearing cage to the
front differential.
For lubrication of the output transfer gears, see the subject Output Transfer Gear Lubrication.
Differentials And Final Drives

Differentials
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Differential And Bevel Gear Group

(1) Yoke assembly. (2) Bearing cup and cone. (3) Housing. (4) Carrier. (5) Adjustment ring. (6) Bearing cup and cone.
(7) Differential group. (8) Ring gear. (9) Adjustment nut. (10) Pinion. (11) Bearing cup and cone. (12) Shims. (13)
Adjustment ring. (14) Bearing cup and cone.
Differential Group (7)

(15) Case. (16) Side gear. (17) Thrust washer. (18) Thrust washers (three). (19) Spider. (20) Pinions (three). (21) Side
gear. (22) Thrust washer. (23) Bearings (three).
A differential divides or causes a balance of the power which is sent to the wheels. When one
wheel turns slower than the other, as in a turn, the differential allows the inside wheel to go
slower in relation to the outside wheel. The differential still sends the same amount of torque to
each wheel.
Yoke assembly (1) is connected to a universal joint from the output transfer gears. Pinion (10) is
connected to yoke assembly (1) by splines. Pinion (10) is engaged with ring gear (8). Ring gear
(8) is fastened to differential group (7). Differential carrier (4) is fastened to the axle housing.
Differential group (7) has a case (15). The ring gear (8) is fastened to case (15). The case is
divided into two parts and is held together by bolts. Inside the case are side gear (16), spider
(19), three pinions (20) and side gear (21). The spider (19) is installed between the two parts of
the case and, when the case is turned, the spider turns.
Pinions (20) are installed on the spider and are engaged with the teeth of side gears (16 and 21).
The axle shafts are connected to the side gears by splines. Side gears (16 and 21) turn against
thrust washers (17 and 22). Thrust washers (18) take the end thrust of pinions (20) against the
differential case.
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Nut (9) is used to make an adjustment to the endplay (bearing preload) of bearings (2 and 11) for
pinion (10).
Shims (12) are used to make an adjustment to the tooth contact (wear pattern) between pinion
(10) and ring gear (8).
Rings (5 and 13) are used to make an adjustment to the free movement (backlash) between
pinion (10) and ring gear (8). The rings are also used to make an adjustment to the bearing
preload of bearings (6 and 14).
The inside components of the differential get their lubrication from oil thrown around inside the
differential. Flat surfaces on spider (19) allow oil to flow to pinions (20) and thrust washers (18).
The supply for lubrication oil is a reservoir in the axle housing.
Operation
Straight Forward Or Reverse
When the machine moves in a straight direction with the same amount of traction under each
drive wheel, the same amount of torque on each axle holds the pinions so they do not turn on
the spider.
Pinion (10) turns ring gear (8). Ring gear (8) turns case (15). Case (15) turns spider (19). Spider
(19) turns side gears (16 and 21) through pinions (20). Pinions (20) do not turn on the spider.
The side gears turn the axle shafts. The same amount of torque is sent to each wheel.
This gives the same effect as if both drive wheels were on one axle shaft.
Forward Or Reverse Turn

When the machine is in a turn, the inside wheel has more resistance to turn than the outside
wheel. This resistance causes different torques on the opposite sides of the differential. It is
easier for the outside wheel to turn than it is for the inside wheel. The outside wheel starts to turn
faster than the inside wheel.
Pinion (10) turns ring gear (8). Ring gear (8) turns case (15). Case (15) turns spider (19). Spider
(19) turns side gear (16 and 21) through pinions (20). Since it takes more force to turn one side
gear than it does the other, pinions (20) turn around the spider. As the pinions turn, they move
around the side gears. This allows the outside wheel to turn faster than the inside wheel.
The same amount of torque is sent to both the inside and outside wheels. This torque is only
equal to the amount needed to turn the outside wheel.
Loss Of Traction (Wheel Slippage)

When one wheel has more traction than the other, the operation of the differential is the same as
in a turn. The same amount of torque is sent to both wheels. This torque is only equal to the
amount needed to turn the wheel with the least resistance.
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NoSPIN Differential Group
NoSPIN Differential Group

(1) Axle housing. (2) NoSPIN differential and case. (3) Bevel pinion. (4) Bevel gear.
The NoSPIN Differential is a locking type differential designed to deliver power to both wheels of
an axle when ground slip conditions are encountered on one wheel and disengage one side
when good traction conditions require overrun, such as the outside wheel in a turn. The NoSPIN
differential group is a direct replacement for the standard differential. It is available only in the
rear axle group.
When the speeds of the wheels are the same, the NoSPIN differential sends the same amount
of torque to each wheel. When the speeds of the wheels are different, the NoSPIN differential
sends the torque to the wheel that turns slower. A difference in the speeds of the wheels is
caused by a turn.
The NoSPIN differential allows a wheel (axle) to turn faster than the speed of the bevel gear by
not engaging it with the bevel gear. For example: During a turn with power, the outside wheel
(axle) is not engaged with the bevel gear and turns faster while the inside wheel axle is engaged
with the bevel gear and turns at the same speed as the bevel gear. The inside wheel provides
the power which moves the machine through the turn.
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The NoSPIN differential is the same on one side of the spider (17) as it is on the other side
(symmetrical). The NoSPIN has two springs (7) and (10), two side gears (5) and (12), two driven
clutches (6 and 11), two holdout rings (8) and (9), a center cam (15), a snap ring (16) and a
spider (17).
The inside splines of side gears (5) and (12) are connected to the sun gears for the final drives.
The outside splines of the side gears are connected to the inside splines of drive clutches (6)
and (11). The side gears send the power through the sun gears to the final drives.
NoSPIN Differential (Typical)

(5) Side gear. (6) Driven clutch. (7) Spring. (8) Holdout ring. (9) Holdout ring. (10) Spring. (11) Driven clutch. (12) Side
gear. (13) Spring retainer. (14) Spring retainer. (15) Center cam. (16) Snap ring. (17) Spider.
Spider (17) is fastened to the differential case and turns at the speed of bevel gear (4). The
spider has clutch teeth on both sides. The spider also has one long tooth. The long tooth is
spider key (19). Center cam (15) fits inside the spider and is held in position by snap ring (16).
The center cam is turned by spider key (19) which fits inside notch (18). Spider key (19) pushes
on either side of notch (18). The direction of the machine, forward or reverse, controls which way
the spider turns and which side of notch (18) receives the force.
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NoSPIN Differential (Left Side Disassembled)

(5) Side gear. (6) Driven clutch. (7) Spring. (8) Holdout ring. (13) Spring retainer. (15) Center cam. (16) Snap ring. (17)
Spider.
Springs (7) and (10) fit, between the side gears and spring retainers (13) and (14). The force of
the springs holds the driven clutches against spider (17) and the side gears against the
differential case.
Spider And Center Cam

(15) Center cam. (17) Spider. (18) Notch in center cam. (19) Spider key.
Driven clutches (6) and (11) are the same. Each driven clutch has a cam (21) which is part of the
clutch. The teeth on the cam engage with the teeth of center cam (15). The teeth of the drive
clutches engage with the teeth of spider (17). An annular (in the shape of a circle) groove is
between the teeth of the driven clutches and the teeth of the cams.
Holdout rings (8) and (9) are the same. Each holdout ring fits in the annular groove between the
teeth of the driven clutches and the teeth of the cams. The teeth of the holdout rings engage with
the notches in the center cam. Notch (20) in the holdout ring engages with spider key (19). The
spider key controls the movement of the holdout ring in relation to the spider. There is no
connection, except friction, between the holdout rings and the driven clutches.
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Clutch And Holdout Ring

(6) Driven clutch. (8) Holdout ring. (20) Notch in holdout ring. (21) Cam.
NoSPIN Differential Operation

When a wheel is made to turn faster than the speed of the bevel gear, the "clutch action" (the
stopping of power to drive axle) of the NoSPIN differential will allow this axle to turn faster than
the speed of the bevel gear.
The "clutch action" of the NoSPIN differential is as follows: If spider (17) turns, spider key (19)
locates center cam (15) and the spider and the center cam turn at the speed of the bevel gear.
The center cam turns holdout ring (8) and cam (21) at the speed of the bevel gear. The spider
turns driven clutch (6) at the speed of the bevel gear. The driven clutch turns the side gear, axle
and wheel at the speed of the bevel gear.
When the wheel is made to turn faster than the speed of the bevel gear, the teeth of center cam
(15) work like ramps and the teeth of cam (21) move up the teeth of the center cam. This action
causes driven clutch (6) to become disengaged with the spider. The driven clutch pulls holdout
ring (8) out of the grooves in the center cam. The friction between the holdout ring and driven
clutch turns the holdout ring until notch (20) in the holdout ring engages with spider key (19).
The holdout ring is now turned by the spider key at the speed of the bevel gear. The teeth of the
holdout ring are now in a position so they can not engage the notches in the center cam. The
driven clutch and cam move around the holdout ring at a speed faster than the speed of the
bevel gear. The holdout ring keeps the driven clutch and cam from being engaged with the
center cam and spider. The driven clutch, cam, axle shaft and wheel now turn freely.
The opposite side clutch, cam and holdout ring are held engaged to the center cam and spider
by spring (7) as long as the driven wheel turns slower.
When the speed of the wheel that is not engaged becomes slower and near the speed of the
bevel gear, the resistance of the ground to the wheel causes the torque on this wheel to be in a
small reverse direction. This causes the driven clutch and cam to turn in a direction opposite the
direction of the bevel gear. The friction between the holdout ring and the driven clutch causes the
holdout ring to move in a direction opposite the direction of the bevel gear.
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Notch (20) in the holdout ring moves away from spider key (19). When the teeth of the holdout
ring are in a position to engage the notches in center cam (15), the force of the spring causes
the driven clutch and cam to move to the inside. The driven clutch pushes the holdout ring. The
holdout ring now engages the center cam and is turned at the speed of the bevel gear. The teeth
of cam (21) now engage the center cam and the teeth of the drive clutch engage the spider. At
this time, both wheels are turned at the same speed.
NOTE: When both wheels are turned at the same speed they do not necessarily have equal
torque. For example: When one wheel starts to turn faster on ice (tends to spin), both clutches
engage and both wheels turn at the same speed. The wheel that is on ice will have less torque.
Straight Forward Operation
Straight Forward Operation

(5) Side gear. (6) Driven clutch. (11) Driven clutch. (12) Side gear. (17) Spider. (22) Teeth of the spider. (23) Teeth of
the driven clutches.
When the machine has straight forward movement, teeth (22) on both sides of spider (17) are
fully engaged with teeth (23) of driven clutches (6) and (11). The teeth of cams (21) are engaged
with the teeth of center cam (15). The negative angle of the teeth on the clutches and spider,
along with the force of springs (7) and (11), cams (21) and center cam (15), push together and
the teeth engage.
In this condition, driven clutches (6) and (11) are fully engaged with spider (17). The driven
clutches turn side gears (5) and (12) at the same speed as the bevel gear. The two side gears
turn the axle shafts and wheels at the same speed as the bevel gear.
Forward Turn With Power

The travel of the outside wheel, during a turn, is at a longer distance than the travel of the inside
wheel. When the machine turns with power, the NoSPIN differential allows the outside wheel to
turn faster than the speed of the bevel gear. But it does not allow the inside wheel to turn slower
than the speed of the bevel gear. The inside wheel turns at the same speed as the bevel gear.
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Forward Right Turn With Power

(5) Side gear. (6) Driven clutch. (11) Driven clutch. (12) Side gear. (17) Spider.
The teeth of the spider send the drive force to the inside driven clutch. The inside driven clutch
turns the inside wheel at the same speed as the bevel gear and provides the power that is
needed to move the machine through the turn.
The outside wheel is made to turn (by the traction of the road) at a speed faster than the speed
of the bevel gear. This causes the driven clutch for the outside wheel to turn faster than the
speed of the bevel gear. The movement of one wheel faster than the other wheel starts the
"clutch action" of the NoSPIN differential.
The teeth of the cam for the driven clutch for the inside wheel are engaged with the teeth of
center cam (15) and stay in the same position in relation to spider (17). The teeth of the inside
drive clutch are engaged with the spider. The teeth on the other side of center cam (15) are used
as ramps. The teeth of the cam for the driven clutch for the outside wheel move up the teeth of
the center cam. This causes the outside driven clutch and cam to move away from the spider
and center cam. The outside driven clutch and cam are not engaged with the spider and center
cam.
The driven clutch for the outside wheel can not be engaged with the spider until the speed of the
outside wheel becomes slower and equal to the speed of the bevel gear. The holdout ring keeps
the driven clutch and cam from being engaged with the spider and center cam until the machine
moves in a straight direction. At this time the operation of the differential is the same as Straight
Forward Operation.
Forward Turn With No Power

The operation of the NoSPIN differential is the same as for Forward Turn With Power. The
outside wheel is still made to turn faster (by the traction of the road) than the speed of the bevel
gear. The inside wheel is turned at the speed of the bevel gear.
Straight Reverse Operation

25/07/2023 17:45 SIS 2.0
When the machine moves in a straight reverse direction, teeth (22) on both sides of spider (17)
are fully engaged with teeth (23) of driven clutches (6) and (11). Spider (17) turns in the opposite
direction than it turns in straight forward. Since the spider turns in an opposite direction, teeth
(22) of the spider push against the opposite face of teeth (23) of the driven clutches.
Straight Reverse
(5) Side gear. (6) Driven clutch. (11) Driven clutch. (12) Side gear. (17) Spider. (22) Teeth of the spider. (23) Teeth of
the driven clutches.
The action of the differential is the same as it is in the Straight Forward Direction.
Reverse Turn With Power

The action of the differential is the same as it is in the Forward Turn With Power condition except
spider (17) turns in the opposite direction.
Reverse Right Turn With Power

(5) Side gear. (6) Driven clutch. (11) Driven clutch. (12) Side gear. (17) Spider.
Reverse Turn With No Power

The operation of the NoSPIN differential is the same as for Reverse Turn With Power. The
outside wheel is still made to turn faster (by the traction of the road) than the speed of the bevel
gear. The inside wheel is turned at the speed of the bevel gear.
25/07/2023 17:45 SIS 2.0
Final Drives
Final Drive Components (2ZR1-UP)

(1) Axle shaft. (2) Wheel assembly. (3) Hub. (4) Ring gear. (5) Planetary carrier. (6) Sun gear. (7) Spindle housing. (8)
Duo-Cone seal. (9) Planetary gears (three).
25/07/2023 17:45 SIS 2.0
Final Drive Components (8YG1-UP)

(1) Axle shaft. (2) Wheel assembly. (3) Hub. (4) Ring gear. (5) Planetary carrier. (6) Sun gear. (7) Spindle housing. (8)
Duo-Cone seal. (9) Planetary gears (three).
Each final drive has the same components. A final drive causes the last speed reduction and
torque increase in the power train
Ring gear (4) is fastened to hub (3). Hub (3) is connected to spindle housing (7) by splines.
Spindle housing (7) is fastened to the axle housing. Ring gear (4), spindle housing (7) and hub
(3) are held stationary.
Axle shaft (1) is connected to the differential by splines. Sun gear (6) is connected to axle shaft
(3) by splines. Sun gear (6) is engaged with planetary gears (9). Planetary gears (9) are held in
planetary carrier (5). Planetary carrier (5) is fastened to wheel assembly (2).
Power from the differential turns axle shaft (1). Axle shaft (1) turns sun gear (6). Sun gear (6)
turns planetary gears (9). Since ring gear (4) is held by hub (3), the planetary gears move
25/07/2023 17:45 SIS 2.0
PSP
around the inside of ring gear (4). The movement of the planetary gears cause planetary carrier
(5) to turn. The planetary carrier is turned in the same direction as sun gear (6) but at a slower
202 -0003
speed. The planetary carrier turns wheel assembly (2).
17: 3/07/2 C00B

Each final drive has its own oil reservoir. Oil is put into the final drive through a fill plug on the
outside cover. Oil is removed from the final drive through a drain plug.
4
SEN 5:42+ 5
Duo-Cone seal (8) keeps the oil inside the final drive. The components of the final drives and
brakes get lubrication from the oil inside the final drives.
PSP-0003C00B © 2 R572 00:00

2023/07/25
023 7
17:43:31+00:00
Cat
erp
SENR57270001
© 2023 Caterpillar Inc.
illa
rI

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25/07/2023 17:45 SIS 2.

1995/10/18 Systems Operation (SENR5727-01)

17: 3/07/2 C00B

Power Train Component Location

Torque Converter Power Flow

Torque Converter Power Flow (At Maximum Capacity)

Torque Converter Hydraulic System

Converter Inlet Ratio Valve

Converter Inlet Ratio Valve Location

Converter Outlet Relief Valve

Converter Outlet Relief Valve

Sequence And Pressure Control Valve

Sequence And Pressure Control Valve

Spacers (10) are used to make an adjustment to the sequence valve.

ON-OFF Switch Location

Torque Converter Hydraulic Controls (Minimum Capacity)

Variable Capacity (Between Minimum and Maximum)

Transmission Hydraulic System

Hydraulic System Schematic

Input Transfer Gear Lubrication

Output Transfer Gear Lubrication

Oil Pump Construction

Oil Pump Location

Oil Filter Location

Oil Filter Components

Filter Plugged Alert Indicator Location

Transmission Oil Cooler

Oil Cooler Location

Transmission Oil Cooler Schematic

Magnetic Screen Location

gears. (28) Housing assembly. (29) No. 6 planetary gears.

First Speed Forward

Second Speed Forward

Third Speed Forward

Fourth Speed Forward

First Speed Reverse

gears to the differentials.

Second Speed Reverse

Third Speed Reverse

Fourth Speed Reverse

Transmission Hydraulic Controls

Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Top View)

Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Bottom View)

Selector And Pressure Control Valve Group And

Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Neutral, Engine Stopped)

Starting the Engine (Transmission in Neutral)

Transmission Hydraulic Controls (Neutral, Engine Running)

Engine Running (Neutral to First Speed Forward)

Transmission Hydraulic Controls (First Speed Forward)

The speed clutch oil starts to fill No. 6 clutch.

Transmission Electrical System

Transmission Electronic Control Module (ECM)

Transmission And Steering Lock

Parking Brake Interlock

Service Brake Valve

Right Console (2ZR1-UP)

Right Console (8YG1-UP)

Transmission Hydraulic Control Valve

Input Transfer Gears