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    Lecture 3 B

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    wiriyapong boonrawd
    The document discusses truss structures and their analysis using concepts like zero-force members, rigid vs flexible trusses, and statically determinate vs indeterminate systems. It provides examples of calculating member forces using methods of joints and sections and determining the number of constraints in a truss.

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    Lecture 3 B

    Uploaded by

    wiriyapong boonrawd
    16 views47 pages
    The document discusses truss structures and their analysis using concepts like zero-force members, rigid vs flexible trusses, and statically determinate vs indeterminate systems. It provides examples of calculating member forces using methods of joints and sections and determining the number of constraints in a truss.

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    Lecture3b

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    The document discusses truss structures and their analysis using concepts like zero-force members, rigid vs flexible trusses, and statically determinate vs indeterminate systems. It provides examples of calculating member forces using methods of joints and sections and determining the number of constraints in a truss.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    16 views47 pages

    Lecture 3 B

    Uploaded by

    wiriyapong boonrawd
    The document discusses truss structures and their analysis using concepts like zero-force members, rigid vs flexible trusses, and statically determinate vs indeterminate systems. It provides examples of calculating member forces using methods of joints and sections and determining the number of constraints in a truss.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 47

    Today:

    Trusses
    Book: Chapter 6.1-6.3
    A particle is subjected to its own weight and
    is kept in equilibrium by two cables AC and
    A O B
    BC. The tension in the cables are denoted TAC
    and TBC respectively. Which of the following
    C statements is true?
    OA<OB
    A) TAC < TBC
    B) TAC > TBC
    C) TAC = TBC
    Consider the following experimental set-up
    in the International Space Station (no
    A gravity!!!). Particle O is connected to 3 bars
    B
    (links). Bar OC is subjected to a force F.
    Which of the following statements is true?

    A A) OA is loaded in compression
    O C
    B) TOA = TOB
    C) TOB = 0
    D) TOC > TOA
    A C A particle is subjected to its own weight and is
    O kept in equilibrium by three forces with
    B magnitude FA, FB and FC. Points A and B are on
    the y-axis and C is on the x-axis. Which of the
    following is true?
    A) FC>mg
    OA = OB B) FC>FA and FC>FB
    OC < OA C) FA+FB=0
    OC < OB D) FC=0
    Model of a truss structure
    - All members are connected by pin joints (even when in
    reality, the members are connected by welding or riveting).
    - All external forces are applied at the pin connections.
    - All members are assumed to be straight.
    Design exercise
    Design an efficient (=low Schiphol airport P
    weight) structure to attach
    the road sign to the wall. ? Long term parking P3

    Take into account that the


    sign has a considerable
    mass and is subject to
    wind loads.
    Design exercise
    Schiphol airport P
    Long term parking P3
    Design a structure to
    attach the road sign to
    the wall.
    Design exercise
    Schiphol airport P
    Long term parking P3
    Design a structure to
    attach the road sign to
    the wall.
    Design exercise
    Schiphol airport P
    Long term parking P3
    Design a structure to
    attach the sign to the
    wall.
    Design exercise
    Schiphol airport P
    Long term parking P3
    Design a structure to
    attach the sign to the
    wall.
    Truss structure
    A framework composed of members joined
    at their ends to form a rigid structure
    Model of a truss structure
    - All members are connected by pin joints (even when in
    reality, the members are connected by welding or riveting).
    - All external forces are applied at the pin connections.
    - All members are assumed to be straight.
    A B
    Calculate the
    forces in all the
    members.
    L

    D
    C L
    Source: R.C. Hibbeler,
    "Engineering Mechanics – Statics"
    A
    Determine the zero-force
    members of this structure
    B C D
    under the given load.
    M
    E
    F
    L
    G
    H
    K
    A B C D
    How many zero-force members does
    this structure have for the given
    external load?
    E
    A) 0
    B) 1
    F C) 4
    D) 5
    G
    E
    D
    How many zero-force members does
    this structure have for the given
    C F
    load?
    A) 0
    B
    B) 3
    G
    C) 5
    D) 7
    A H
    What are zero-force members good for?

    - In case the structure is loaded in a different way


    - To prevent buckling
    Method of joints
    Determine the force in the members by
    calculating the equilibrium of the joints
    1. Draw Free Body Diagram
    2. Determine the reaction forces at the supports of the whole structure
    3. Calculate the forces in a joint with max. 2 unknowns
    4. Proceed to the next joint with max. 2 unknowns until all joints are analyzed
    Determine the force in member DE.

    Source: R.C. Hibbeler,


    "Engineering Mechanics – Statics"
    1) Determine the force in
    member DE.

    2) Determine the force in


    member DL.
    Method of sections
    Determine the force in a members by dividing
    the structure in two sections by cutting the members and
    calculating the equilibrium of one of the sections.
    1) Determine the section by cutting just three members (in general)
    2) Use the moment equilibrium equation in a clever way.
    H Calculate the forces in members
    F L CE, DE, DF
    D N
    R
    B

    A
    Q
    C E G K M
    H Calculate the forces in member
    F L HG
    D N
    R
    B

    A
    Q
    C E G K M
    Calculate the forces in member
    EH
    F H M R
    C

    B E L Q

    A
    N
    D G K
    Rigid truss Flexible truss (mechanism)

    3 members, 3 joints 4 members, 4 joints


    3 members, 3 joints 5 members, 4 joints 7 members, 5 joints
    Rigid truss consisting of triangular elements

    Where
    s = number of members
    k = number of joints
    Non-rigid truss

    Rigid truss

    This is a necessary condition, but not sufficient!!


    Rigid or non-rigid?
    Rigid or non-rigid?
    Rigid or non-rigid?
    Rigid or non-rigid?
    Rigid or non-rigid?
    Constraints
    Constraints
    Constraint truss structure

    Where
    n = difference between number of unknowns and equations
    r = number of constraints
    s = number of members
    k = number of joints
    Constraint truss structure

    n<0 kinematically indeterminate (mechanism)


    n >= 0 kinematically determinate (necessary, not sufficient)
    n=0 statically determinate
    n>0 statically indeterminate
    Statically determinate?
    Exercises
    Problems: 9.13, 9.83, 9.84, 9.85, 9.25,9.2, 9.3, 9.78
    Test: Problem 2 , Statics exam, Jan 9 2003.
    Chapter: 9
    Calculate the reaction forces
    in hinge A when the normal
    reaction force on the nose
    wheel from the previous
    example is 24 kN.

    Source: R.C. Hibbeler,


    "Engineering Mechanics – Statics"

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