Uncertainty Assessment Template for Product GHG Inventories

This file demonstrates a process for applying uncertainty assessment to product GHG
inventories under the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. While no aspects of this spreadsheet serve as
components of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Product Standard, the sheet is intended to serve
as a complement to the supplementary material supplied for conducting uncertainty
assessments. A wide number of methods might be applied to represent uncertainty in product
inventories in compliance with the guidance of the standard. The approach presented here is
meant only to serve as guidance for those practitioners seeking assistance with a feasible
method for making such calculations and is not intended to represent preference within the
protocol for any given method.

This file has been prepared by Quantis as part of a contract to the World Business Council for
Sustainable Development and World Resources Institute. Questions should be directed to:
Quantis US
[email protected]
617-500-7152
Salem, Massachusetts

Follow the workflow described below to ues this file. Example data has been entered to
represent a sample product inventory for a toner cartridge. When using the file to represent
another product, data regarding the toner cartridge must be replaced by data regarding the
product being assessed. The following discussion is organized by the titles of pages within the
file, moving from left to right.

Notes
Tracking sources of uncertainty is a process that should be done throughout the course of
conducting a product GHG inventory. Throughout setting the project scope, collecting
information and performing analysis, a wide variety of information is addressed and decisions
are made that lead to potential uncertainties. The Notes page provides a template for tracking
these uncertainty sources while the product inventory is being compiled and then for keeping
additional notes regarding practitioners qualitative assessments of the relative importance of
uncertainty sources. This information could be included in a product GHG inventory report.

Info
The Info page provides general information that can be changed by the user to modify such
things as the names of the product, the functional unit, default values used within the data
quality assessment, and the parameters assumed in applying the pedigree matrix to quantify
uncertainty from the data quality ratings.

Calculations
The Calculations page includes a table in which the user can enter the information regarding
their product inventory and apply their data quality assessment. The formulas on this page
tabulate a quantitative uncertainty measure based on the user's input. These results are
displayed in the figure tabs listed below. Specific instructions and descriptions of each step are
listed across the page in the second row of the sheet. Required inputs appear with a green
header, while optional inputs appear with a blue header. Columns with grey cells and headers
are not intended to be editted by the user. The required user inputs include a list of the
materials or activities for which their product life cycle has activity data to enter, as well as the
emission factors and activity data associated with each. The file is set up to allow four
alternative scenarios to be assessed, each with the same categories and emission factors but
with differing activity data. These can be used to assess scenario uncertainty. As the user
adjusts the data quality ratings for the emission factor data and activity data for each material or
activity category, the calculation of total uncertainty is updated. Space is provided for the user
to list data attributes, such as geographic and temporal coverage, to facilitate rating the quality
of each dataset. As part of the calculation of uncertainty in the inventory, intermediate steps
compute the percent contribution of each activity category to the total result, as well as the
contribution of each to the uncertainty in the total result. These columns might be referred to by
the user to identify those areas of their inventory most responsible for the uncertainty.

Parameter & Scenario Uncertainty

These pages display graphically the results of the quantitative uncertainty assessment,
including the parameter uncertainty for the baseline scenario alone, the results of the scenario
adjusts the data quality ratings for the emission factor data and activity data for each material or
activity category, the calculation of total uncertainty is updated. Space is provided for the user
to list data attributes, such as geographic and temporal coverage, to facilitate rating the quality
of each dataset. As part of the calculation of uncertainty in the inventory, intermediate steps
compute the percent contribution of each activity category to the total result, as well as the
contribution of each to the uncertainty in the total result. These columns might be referred to by
the user to identify those areas of their inventory most responsible for the uncertainty.

Parameter & Scenario Uncertainty

These pages display graphically the results of the quantitative uncertainty assessment,
including the parameter uncertainty for the baseline scenario alone, the results of the scenario
tests, and the parameter uncertainty within each of the scenario test results.
 Sources of Methodological Uncertainty
Source Relevance Rating

Sources of Situational Uncertainty

Source Relevance Rating

Other Uncertainty Notes

Source Relevance Rating
es of Methodological Uncertainty
Notes

urces of Situational Uncertainty

Notes

Other Uncertainty Notes

Notes
To perform an uncertainty assessment using this tool, please change the following example param

Defining the system:

Product Name: Toner Cartridge
Scenario 2 Name: Scenario 1
Scenario 3 Name Scenario 2
Scenario 4 Name: Scenario 3
Scenario 5 Name: Scenario 4

Functional Unit 50,000 Pages Printed Total Life Cycle GHG Inventory (Kg CO2e) per 50,000 Page

Default Ratings for Activity Data Pedigree Matrix

Reliability Poor
Completeness Poor
Temporal Representativeness Poor
Geographic Representativeness Poor
Technological Representativeness Poor

Default Ratings for Emission Factor Data Pedigree Matrix

Reliability Poor
Completeness Poor
Temporal Representativeness Poor
Geographic Representativeness Poor
Technological Representativeness Poor

Impact Assessment Uncertainty

GWP from other gases GSD2 1.35
GWP from CO2 GSD2 1

Pedigree Matrix
Indicator score Very Good Good Fair Poor
Reliability 1 1.1 1.2 1.5
Completeness 1 1.05 1.1 1.2
Temporal representativeness 1 1.1 1.2 1.5
Geographical representativeness 1 1.02 1.05 1.1
Technological representativeness 1 1.2 1.5 2

Basic Uncertainty Factors by Process Type

Combustion Process 1.05
Thermal Energy 1.05
Electricity 1.05
Industrial Products 1.05
Agricultural Products 2
Transport Services 2
Infrastructure 3
Direct emissions, CO2 1.05
Direct emissions, Other GHGs 1.5
wing example parameters to specific parameters for the given product or process. See instruction tab for mo

g CO2e) per 50,000 Pages Printed

truction tab for more details.
To perform an uncertainty assessment using this tool, please change the following example dat

Step 1: Definition of Inventory Categories and Emission Factors

1a: Enter Names of Materials and

Identify the data source from

relevance of the emission factor

emission factor data is
1b: Identify the name of the

1d. Identify the geographic

dataset used
Processes

data used
obtained
Emission Factor Data 1c:which
Inventory Category

Emission Factor
Dataset Name

Geographic
Relevance
Source
Name

Electricity, US, low voltage, at grid, supply mix,

Electricity, Manufacturing kWh Ecoinvent 2.01 US
Electricity, US, low voltage, at grid, supply mix,
Electricity, Assembly kWh Ecoinvent 2.01 US
Electricity, US, low voltage, at grid, supply mix,
Electricity, Use kWh Ecoinvent 2.01 US

Heavy Truck Transport, lorry, >16t, fleet average Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
Aluminum Ecoinvent 2.01,
Aluminum, from primary materials adapted RER
Copper
Copper, primary, at refinery Ecoinvent 2.01 GLO
Steel
Steel, converter, chromium steel 18/8, at plant Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
Polystyrene
polystyrene, general purpose, GPPS, at plant Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
Nylon
nylon 6, at plant Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
PVC
PVC, granulate, at plant Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
Polyurethane Ecoinvent 2.01,
polyurethane, flexible foam, at plant adapted RER
Corrugated Board Corrugated board, fresh fiber, single wall, printed
color Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
Paper, packaging
paper, woodfree, coated, at regional storage Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
LDPE Ecoinvent 2.01,
LDPE, granulate, at plant adapted RER

Paper, Use paper, woodfree, coated, at regional storage Ecoinvent 2.01 RER
ollowing example data to specific data for the given product or process. See instruction tab for more deta

on Factors

1h. Enter the emission factors for

relevance for the emission factor

each gas and/or that unspecified

for the material or process (e.g.,

1g. Identify the technology type

1f. Identify the unit of measure
1e. Identify the temporal

by gas (KgCO2e per unit)

from the drop-down
KgCO2 per WHAT)
data

N2O emission factor

Temporal Relevance

CO2 emission factor

HFC emission factor

Methane emission
Technology Type
Emission Factor

factor
Unit

2005 kWh Electricity 0.8

2005 kWh Electricity 0.8

2005 kWh Electricity 0.8

2005 tkm Transport Services 0.12

1995 kg Industrial Products

1996 kg Industrial Products

1997 kg Industrial Products

1998 kg Industrial Products

1999 kg Industrial Products

2000 kg Industrial Products

2001 kg Industrial Products

2001 kg Agricultural Products

2001 kg Agricultural Products

2001 kg Industrial Products

2001 kg Agricultural Products

 each gas and/or that unspecified
by gas (KgCO2e per unit)

PCF emission factor

SF6 emission factor

uction tab for more details.

Unclassified gasses 1i. At minimum, a GWP from

unspecified gases must be
emission factor

1.267
2.089
1.267
1.359
4.759
4.568
9.211
3.489
5.184
3.489
12.25
entered

0.03717
0.03717
0.03717

0.005247
% GWP from other 1j. Determine the sensitivity for
gases other gases

1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.04189
0.04440
0.04440
0.04440
1k. Determine the total GWP per
GWP per unit unit (Kg CO2e per unit)

1.267
2.089
1.267
1.359
4.759
4.568
9.211
3.489
5.184
3.489
12.25
0.1252
0.8372
0.8372
0.8372
2a. Enter activity data for the

50
30 Baseline Activity baseline scenario (units

2.81
63.00
10.00
correspond to step 1f)

0.02644
0.02447
0.48293
0.01994
0.00628
0.02773
0.44969
0.38776
0.00055
0.07668
 2b: Identify the data source from
Activity Data Source which activity data is obtained

Activity Data Temporal 2c. Identify the geographic

Relevance relevance of the activity data
used

Activity Data 2d. Identify the temporal

Geographic Relevance relevance for the activity data

3
69
11
33
Scenario 2 Activity

0.0291
0.0269
0.5312
0.0219
0.0069
0.0305
0.4947
0.4265
0.0006
0.0843

55.0000
2e. Enter activity data for the
alternate scenarios
 Step 3. The GHG Inventory Re
Computed

3. The GHG inventory of each

2e. Enter activity data for the

scenario is calculated
alternate scenarios

Scenario 2 GHG Total

Baseline GHG Total
Scenario 3 Activity

Scenario 4 Activity

Scenario 5 Activity

27 36 24 25.12 27.62653268

9 12 8 8.37 9.208844225

57 75.6 50.4 52.74 58.01571862

3 3.372 2.248 0.35 0.387139179

0.07 0.092016 0.061344 0.94 1.033164567

0.00 0.00066 0.00044 0.00 0.002110988

0.35 0.465312 0.310208 2.01 2.211154175

0.40 0.539628 0.359752 1.57 1.726023074

0.02 0.033276 0.022184 0.26 0.280977887

0.01 0.007536 0.005024 0.03 0.031553805

0.02 0.023928 0.015952 0.09 0.10437593

0.43 0.579516 0.386344 0.66 0.721693656

0.02 0.029364 0.019576 0.03 0.034091612

0.02 0.031728 0.021152 0.06 0.06074317

45.00 60 40 63.33 69.66001729

The GHG Inventory Results are Step 4. The percent contributions of
ed each category are determined

Percent contribution to (sensitivity) to the GHG inventory

3. The GHG inventory of each

of each scenario is calculated

3. The percent contributions
scenario is calculated

Percent contribution to

Percent contribution to

Percent contribution to

Percent contribution to
Scenario 3 GHG Total

Scenario 4 GHG Total

Scenario 5 GHG Total

Scenario 2 inventory

Scenario 3 inventory

Scenario 4 inventory

Scenario 5 inventory
Baseline inventory

22.60352673 30.13803565 20.09202376 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

7.534508912 10.04601188 6.697341255 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

47.46740614 63.28987486 42.1932499 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.316750238 0.42233365 0.281555767 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.845316464 1.127088619 0.751392413 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.001727172 0.002302896 0.001535264 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

1.809126143 2.412168191 1.608112127 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

1.412200697 1.882934262 1.255289508 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.229890999 0.306521331 0.204347554 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.02581675 0.034422333 0.022948222 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.085398488 0.11386465 0.075909767 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.590476628 0.78730217 0.524868113 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.027893137 0.03719085 0.0247939 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

0.049698958 0.066265277 0.044176851 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

56.9945596 75.99274614 50.66183076 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509 Err:509

 5a. Rank the Reliability of Each
Activity Data Reliability

Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair

Very
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Category of Activity Data

Good
Good
Activity Data 5b. Rank the Completeness of

Very
Very

Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Completeness Each Category of Activity Data

Good
Good

Good
Good
Good
Activity Data Temporal 5c. Rank the Temporal
Representativeness of Each Activity Data

Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Representativeness

Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Category of Activity Data
Activity Data 5d. Rank the Geographic
Geographic Representativeness of Each

Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair

Very
Very

Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor

Good
Good

Good
Good
Representativeness Category of Activity Data
Activity Data 5e. Rank the Technological
Technological Representativeness of Each

Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair

Very
Very
Very
Very
Very

Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor
Poor

Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Representativeness Category of Activity Data

Activity Data Base

2
2
2
2

1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
1.05
Uncertainty

Activity Data Reliability

1
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.2
1.5
1.1
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.2
Factor

Activity Data

1
1

1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
5f. The Activity Data Base

1.05
1.05
1.05
Completeness Factor
Uncertainty and Quality Rating
Activity Data Temporal Factors are Filled in Based on the
Representativeness Pedigree Matrix

1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.1
Factor
Activity Data
Geographic

1
1
Step 5: Update the Data Quality Ratings for the

1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1

1.05
1.02
1.05
1.02
1.05
1.05
Representativeness
Factor
Activity Data
Technological

1
2
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
1

1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5

Representativeness
Factor
Emission Factor Data 6a. Rank the Reliability of Each

Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair
Fair

Very
Very
Very
Very
Very

Poor
Poor
Reliability Category of Emission Factor Data

Good
Good
Good
Good
Good

Good
Good

Emission Factor Data 6b. Rank the Completeness of

Each Category of Emission Factor

Fair
Fair
Fair

Very
Very
Very

Poor
Poor
Poor
Completeness

Good
Good
Good

Good
Good
Good
Good
Good
Good

Data
Step 6: Update the D
Emission Factor Data
ep 6: Update the Data Quality Ratings for the Step 7: Computing the Compo
mission Factor Data Standard Deviations
Category of Emission Factor Data

Category of Emission Factor Data

Category of Emission Factor Data

Rating Factors are Filled in Based

7. The Components of the Total

Geometric Standard Deviations
6f. The Emission Factory Data

are computed for the Activity

Base Uncertainty and Quality
Representativeness of Each

Representativeness of Each

Representativeness of Each
6e. Rank the Technological
6d. Rank the Geographic

on the Pedigree Matrix

6c. Rank the Temporal

Completeness Factor
Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Emission Factor Data

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness

Representativeness

Activity Data GSD2

Activity Data GSD

Base Uncertainty

Reliability Factor
Technological

Technological
Geographic

Geographic
Temporal

Temporal
Factor

Factor

Factor

Factor

Poor Fair Fair 1.05 1.2 1.05 1.5 1.05 1.5 1.6510819 1.28494430363459

Poor Fair Fair 1.05 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.05 1.5 1.5838813 1.25852345639313
Very
Good Good Fair 1.05 1 1.05 1 1.02 1.5 1.3000688 1.1402055962339
Very Very Very
Good Good Good 2 1.1 1 1 1 1 2.7802046 1.66739455047301

Good Poor Good 1.05 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.3067732 1.51880650352937

Good Fair Good 1.05 1 1.05 1.1 1.05 1.2 1.1959274 1.09358463573479

Good Fair Good 1.05 1 1.05 1.1 1.05 1.2 1.8461432 1.35872853709818

Fair Poor Poor 1.05 1.5 1.2 1.2 1.1 2 2.0769887 1.441176135733

Fair Fair Fair 1.05 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.05 1.5 2.3067732 1.51880650352937
Very
Poor Good Good 1.05 1.5 1.05 1.5 1.02 1 1.3068869 1.14319154952366

Poor Poor Fair 1.05 1.2 1.2 1.5 1.1 1.5 1.882297 1.37196828112542
Very
Good Good Good 2 1 1 1.1 1 1.2 2.3705376 1.539655031773
Very
Good Poor Good 2 1.2 1.2 1 1.1 1.2 2.5525182 1.59766023671247

Good Good Good 1.05 1.1 1.05 1.1 1.02 1.2 2.12403 1.45740523952448
Very
Good Good Good 2 1 1 1.1 1.02 1 2.0165101 1.42003875211967
mputing the Components of the Geometric Step 8: Computing the Contrib
Deviations Uncertainty for Each Scenario
based on the data quality ratings,
but the user may enter their own
GSD are computed automatically
for the GWP Data. The GSD2 and
7. The Components of the Total
Geometric Standard Deviations

Data, Emission Factor Data and

GSD for each item if they wish.

are computed for the Activity
Emission Factor GSD2

Contribution to Total
Baseline Uncertainty
Emission Factor GSD

Scenario 2 Emission
Uncertainty

Uncertainty
2 Activity
Baseline Emission
Activity

Scenario 2 GWP
Baseline GWP
Component
Component
Component

Component
Component
Component
Uncertainty
Uncertainty

Uncertainty
Uncertainty
GWP GSD2

GWP GSD

Scenario
Baseline
Factor

Factor
1.8360329 1.35500290109789 1.013412873 1.00668409777751 0 0 ### 0.00404596 0 0 ###

1.8461432 1.35872853709818 1.013412873 1.00668409777751 0 0 ### 0.00042548 0 0 ###

1.5094882 1.22861229732557 1.013412873 1.00668409777751 0 0 ### 0.0068576 0 0 ###

2.0130867 1.41883288204459 1.01265224 1.00630623568261 ######### 1.9649E-06 #########

1.3634578 1.16767196443165 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 8.0652E-06 #########

1.2490846 1.11762451475748 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 6.5277E-12 #########

1.2490846 1.11762451475748 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 2.1519E-05 #########

2.3400622 1.529726175462 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 3.427E-05 #########

1.6400081 1.28062800114653 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 6.967E-07 #########

1.7822741 1.33501839289382 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 4.2141E-09 #########

1.8922567 1.37559320106985 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 8.3434E-08 #########

2.0606759 1.4355054398666 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 6.039E-06 #########

2.1546602 1.467876096043 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 1.5457E-08 #########

1.2684914 1.12627324113513 1.35 1.16189500386223 ######### 2.25E-08 #########

2.0136509 1.41903165970461 1.35 1.16189500386223 0 0 0 0.04441649 0 0 0

mputing the Contributions to the Parameter Step 9: The Total GHG Inv
y for Each Scenario Intervals

Deviation is computed for each

Parameter Uncertainty of Each

9a. The Geometric Standard

7. The Contributions to the

Scenario is Computed
Scenario 2 Uncertainty

Scenario 3 Uncertainty

Scenario 4 Uncertainty

Scenario 5 Uncertainty
Contribution to Total

Contribution to Total

Contribution to Total

Contribution to Total
Scenario 3 Emission

Scenario 4 Emission

Scenario 5 Emission
Uncertainty

Uncertainty

Uncertainty
3 Activity

4 Activity

5 Activity
Scenario 3 GWP

Scenario 4 GWP

Scenario 5 GWP

Toner Cartridge
Component
Component
Component

Component
Component
Component

Component
Component
Component
Uncertainty
Uncertainty

Uncertainty
Uncertainty

Uncertainty
Uncertainty
Scenario

Scenario

Scenario
Factor

Factor

Factor

(lnGSD)2
0.00404596 0 0 ### 0.00404596 0 0 ### 0.00404596 0 0 ### 0.00404596 0.0558182084449

0.00042548 0 0 ### 0.00042548 0 0 ### 0.00042548 0 0 ### 0.00042548 GSD 1.2665020059654

0.0068576 0 0 ### 0.0068576 0 0 ### 0.0068576 0 0 ### 0.0068576 GSD2 1.6040273311144

1.9649E-06 ######### 1.9649E-06 ######### 1.9649E-06 ######### 1.9649E-06

8.0652E-06 ######### 8.0652E-06 ######### 8.0652E-06 ######### 8.0652E-06

6.5277E-12 ######### 6.5277E-12 ######### 6.5277E-12 ######### 6.5277E-12

2.1519E-05 ######### 2.1519E-05 ######### 2.1519E-05 ######### 2.1519E-05

3.427E-05 ######### 3.427E-05 ######### 3.427E-05 ######### 3.427E-05

6.967E-07 ######### 6.967E-07 ######### 6.967E-07 ######### 6.967E-07

4.2141E-09 ######### 4.2141E-09 ######### 4.2141E-09 ######### 4.2141E-09

8.3434E-08 ######### 8.3434E-08 ######### 8.3434E-08 ######### 8.3434E-08

6.039E-06 ######### 6.039E-06 ######### 6.039E-06 ######### 6.039E-06

1.5457E-08 ######### 1.5457E-08 ######### 1.5457E-08 ######### 1.5457E-08

2.25E-08 ######### 2.25E-08 ######### 2.25E-08 ######### 2.25E-08

0.04441649 0 0 0 0.04441649 0 0 0 0.04441649 0 0 0 0.04441649

e Total GHG Inventory is Computed for each Scenario, including 95% Confidence

9a. The total GHG Inventory and

Deviation is computed for each

95% confidence intervals are

9a. The Geometric Standard

computed
Scenario

Toner Cartridge
Scenario 1

Scenario 2

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

Scenario 1

Scenario 2
0.055818208 0.0558182084 0.055818208 0.05581821 median 155.55 171.10 139.99
95% lower
1.266502006 1.266502006 1.266502006 1.26650201 bound 96.974169919 106.67158691 87.276752927
95% upper
1.604027331 1.6040273311 1.604027331 1.60402733 bound 249.50519855 274.4557184 224.55467869

Lower bar 58.58 64.432553947 52.717544139

Upper bar 93.955979586 103.35157755 84.560381628

95% Confidence
computed

Scenario 3

Scenario 4

186.66 124.44

116.3690039 77.5793359

299.40623826 199.604159

70.290058852 46.8600392

112.7471755 75.1647837
 Parameter Uncertainty for Baseline Scenarios

Total Life Cycle GHG Inventory (Kg CO2e) per 50,000 Pages Printed
180

160

140

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
Toner Cartridge
 Scenario Analysis
200
Total Life Cycle GHG Inventory (Kg CO2e) per 50,000 Pages Printed

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
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200
Total Life Cycle GHG Inventory (Kg CO2e) per 50,000 Pages Printed

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