CE ME NT

Lining Concepts for the Cement Industry

Europe, Middle East, Africa and India.
© RHI Magnesita
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C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Refractory Competence –
Innovation Born of Tradition and Experience

1 Our latest concepts

ANKRAL Q-Series
ANKRAL LC-Series
ANKRAL X-Series
Magnesia Hercynite Bricks
Special Silica
Impregnated (IS) Bricks
Sol-bonded Mixes
2 Design and arrangement
Outlet designs
Ceramic anchors
Metallic anchors
3 Lining concepts
General view of a cement plant
Preheater
Rotary kiln
Burner
Kiln hood
Grate cooler
4 Grades: chemical composition and
physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Content 3
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Refractory Competence –
Innovation Born of Tradition and Experience

1 Our latest concepts

ANKRAL Q-Series
ANKRAL LC-Series
ANKRAL X-Series
ANKRAL Q
Magnesia Hercynite Bricks
Special Silica
Impregnated (IS) Bricks
ANKRAL LC
Sol-bonded Mixes
2 Design and arrangement
Outlet designs ANKRAL X

Ceramic anchors
Metallic anchors
Hercynite
3 Lining concepts
General view of a cement plant
Preheater
IS Bricks
Rotary kiln
Burner
Kiln hood Sol Bonded
Grate cooler
4 Grades: chemical content and
mechanical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Chap 01 4
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

ANKRAL Q-Series
The Hybrid Spinel Technology, applied in the ANKRAL Q-Series,
combines different flexibilizer types to achieve outstanding flexibility
levels. This series is the best solution for mechanically stressed areas
and for chemothermally stressed kilns.

• Outstanding flexibility
• For mechanically critical areas and under tire sections of rotary kilns
• Grade diversity to meet chemo-thermal requirements ANKRAL Q
• ANKRAL QF, ANKRAL Q1, ANKRAL QC, ANKRAL Q2

ANKRAL LC
Thermal shock resistance

ANKRAL X

Flexibility Hercynite
The Q-series bricks are our troubleshooting solution
for mechanically stressed areas

IS Bricks

Sol Bonded

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Latest 5
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

ANKRAL LC-Series
With the ANKRAL LC-Series RHI Magnesita implements a sustainable
refractory solution for the cement industry. It opens the way to a
circular economy approach, which was hardly considered possible in
this industrial field until now..

• Use of recycling material

• Detailed preparation process to ensure highest quality
• Reduction of carbon footprint by 12-14% ANKRAL Q

ANKRAL LC

ANKRAL X

Production &
Delivery of
LC-Series Hercynite
Production of LC-Series Brand
Final quality check & packing
Start/End =
Kiln Shutdown
In-time delivery to client

Stop of kiln IS Bricks

Removal of coating & general inspection
Breakout & sorting per category
Temporary storage & declaration of waste
Installation of new lining
Reconditioning Restart of kiln
Sol Bonded

Treatment
RHI Magnesita purchase order for
breakout & final set of documentation
Transport to recycling hub
Final sorting & cleaning
Patented treatment process & reduction of waste
Quality control

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

ANKRAL LC 6
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

ANKRAL X-Series – Spinosphere Technology

The ANKRAL X Series is RHI Magnesita’s cutting-edge solution for concurrent
critical mechanical and thermal stresses, so far incompatible properties.

Until now it was not possible to develop magnesia bricks with high heat
resistance and simultaneously excellent mechanical flexibility. Thanks to the
new Spinosphere Technology, those previous contradictory properties are
now combined.
ANKRAL Q
• The innovative solution for combining hot properties and flexibility +
• Outstanding MgO levels, up to 94%
• Can be installed in the most critical areas of lime kilns
ANKRAL LC

Heat resistance

ANKRAL X

RHI Magnesita has expanded the newly developed Spinosphere

Technology further with the new QX-Series. The series combines the
Spinosphere and Hybrid Spinel Technologies. It focuses foremost on Hercynite
Flexibility
mechanically, but also chemo-thermally critical areas. The combination
allows achieving the outstanding flexibility levels known from ANKRAL QF
at MgO levels as high as 92%.
IS Bricks
Conventional MA spinel Spinosphere spinel
MgO/Al2O3 MgO/Al2O3

MgO matrix MgO matrix

Sol Bonded

MA spinel grain MgO core

Spheric MA spinel

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

ANKRAL X 7
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Magnesia Hercynite Bricks

Among all possible members of the spinel groups, hercynite qualities
remain one of the most efficient series for cement rotary kilns. Despite
the reduced alumina content, the tensile strength is kept at higher
levels than the conventional top-grade MA spinel bricks.

• Fused iron alumina spinel with unique properties

• Benchmark for brick flexibility
• In combination with alpine sintered magnesia the ultimate solution ANKRAL Q
for the CBZ – ANKRAL ZE, ANKRAL ZE AF

Repellent +
Repellent ANKRAL LC
Neutral
Attracting
Attracting +
Coating behavior ANKRAL X

Hercynite

IS Bricks

Sol Bonded

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Hercynite 8
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Special Silica Impregnated (IS) Bricks

Technology
• Impregnation of products with colloidal nanoparticles made of silica
• Complete penetration of the whole structure into the core of the brick
• Wide range of products depending on thermal profile and
requirements (from fireclay up to tabular alumina)

Properties
• Increased alkali resistance ANKRAL Q
• Coating repellent properties
• Increased abrasion resistance
• No increase in thermal conductivity
• Insensitive to steam ANKRAL LC

ANKRAL X

Not impregnated Impregnated, protected and

reaction-sealed Hercynite

IS Bricks

Refractory grain
Sol Bonded
Alkalis

SiO2 layer

Alkali silicate layer

German patent DE 100 35 728 C2

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

IS 9
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Sol-bonded Mixes
In sol-bonded mixes the calcium aluminate based hydraulic binder is
substituted by a liquid chemical binder based on nanoparticle-sized
colloidal silica, which results in numerous benefits in application:

• No pre-drying required
• Fast and secure heating-up (no chemically bonded water)
• Higher chemical resistance (alkalis and sulfate)
• Higher refractoriness ANKRAL Q
• Longer shelf life of more than 18 months

These cement-free mixes are available for all types of installation

techniques such as casting, wet gunning and also dry gunning.
ANKRAL LC

ANKRAL X

Hercynite

IS Bricks

Sol Bonded

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Sol 10
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Refractory Competence –
Innovation Born of Tradition and Experience

1 Our latest concepts

ANKRAL Q-Series
ANKRAL LC-Series
ANKRAL X-Series
Magnesia Hercynite Bricks
Special Silica
Impregnated (IS) Bricks
Outlet Designs
Sol-bonded Mixes
2 Design and arrangement
Outlet designs Anchor

Ceramic anchors
Metallic anchors
Anchor
3 Lining concepts
General view of a cement plant
Preheater
Rotary kiln
Burner
Kiln hood
Grate cooler
4 Grades: chemical content and
mechanical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Chap 02 11
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Design Possibilities for Outlet Zone / Nose Ring

Conical outlet design

Veitscher-Magotteaux System Outlet Designs

Special shape bricks

Anchor

Single retainer ring / castable

Anchor

Special shape bricks

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Design 12
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Standard Anchor Arrangement

Ceramic Anchors
Ceramic anchor brick Anchor arrangement for a temperature >1000 °C
RESISTAL S65 W with high chemical loads”
Ceramic and metallic anchors

Insulation board
(e.g. SUPETHERM)

Castable
Outlet Designs

Anchor
With claw set
PYROSTOP Superfelt 1300/1400
6/13 mm

900 Anchor
350 350

350

350 900

350

350

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Ceramic 13
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Standard Anchor Arrangement

Metallic anchors
Anchor arrangement
Metallic Anchors
Metallic part
DIA: 8/10/12 mm
Insulation board
Quality: (e.g. SUPETHERM)
Hot area: 1.4845
Medium area: 1.4828
Cold area: 1.4301 Castable

Plastic cap Outlet Designs

Washer
PYROSTOP Superfelt 1300/1400
6/13 mm Anchor

Roof: 25 pieces/m2 Walls: 16 pieces/m2

800 750
Anchor
200 250

200
250

1000 800 1000 750

1000
1000

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Metallic 14
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Refractory Competence –
Innovation Born of Tradition and Experience

1 Our latest concepts

ANKRAL Q-Series
ANKRAL LC-Series
ANKRAL X-Series
Cement Plant
Magnesia Hercynite Bricks
Special Silica
Impregnated (IS) Bricks
Preheater
Sol-bonded Mixes
2 Design and arrangement
Outlet designs Rotary Kiln

Ceramic anchors
Metallic anchors
Burner
3 Lining concepts
General view of a cement plant
Preheater
Kiln hood
Rotary kiln
Burner
Kiln hood Cooler
Grate cooler
4 Grades: chemical content and
mechanical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Chap 03 15
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Refractory Competence –
Innovation Born of Tradition and Experience
At RHI Magnesita, we offer several types of solutions for our
cement customers: on-site support, analytics, training, and
customized services. You can refer to our refractory optimization
model brochure to learn more about them.

Our most innovative concept products portfolio Cement Plant

(please see chapter Latest Concepts):
• ANKRAL X-Series
• ANKRAL LC-Series
• ANKRAL Q-Series
Preheater
• Special products for universal application
• Hercynite Bricks
• Sol-bonded Mixes
• Special Silica Impregnated (IS) Bricks
Rotary Kiln
In its Training Center Cement in Leoben, Austria, RHI Magnesita
also offers refractory training. The three-day training programs
provide not only theoretical insights but also place particular focus
on practical implementation. Burner

You can review all the solutions currently existing for the cement
industry in our technical services brochure for cement.
Kiln hood

Cooler

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General View of a Cement Plant

Upper cyclone stages

Raw meal ducts

Cement Plant

Calciner rising duct

Preheater

Calciner falling duct

Lower cyclone stages
Rotary Kiln

Burner
Rotary kiln
TAD
Kiln hood

Calciner hot part Kiln hood

Cooler
Inlet chamber/riser duct
Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Plant 17
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Upper Cyclone Stages / Raw Meal Ducts

Upper cyclone stages

Cement Plant

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Raw meal ducts

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Preheater 18
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Lower Cyclone Stages / Raw Meal Ducts

Lower cyclone stages

Cement Plant

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Raw meal ducts

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Lower Cyclone 19
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Calciner Hot Part / TAD

Cement Plant
Calciner hot part

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

TAD

Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Calciner Hot Part 20

C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Calciner Rising Duct / Falling Duct

Cement Plant

Preheater

Calciner falling duct

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Calciner rising duct

Kiln hood

Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Calciner Rising 21
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Inlet Chamber / Riser

Cement Plant

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Riser duct

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Inlet chamber

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Inlet Chamber 22
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Rotary Kiln

Lower transition zone Upper transition zone Calcining zone

Cement Plant

Outlet zone Central burning zone Safety zone Inlet zone

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Rotary 23
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Rotary Kiln

Lower transition zone Upper transition zone Calcining zone

Cement Plant

Outlet zone Central burning zone Safety zone Inlet zone

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

24
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Burner

Burner body

Cement Plant

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner tip
Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Burner 25
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Kiln Hood

Kiln hood upper part

Cement Plant

Expansion joints
Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Kiln hood lower part

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Outlet 26
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Cooler Hot Part

Cement Plant

Preheater

Cooler hot part Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Clinker bed

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Cooler 27
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Cooler Cold Part

Cooler cold part

Cement Plant

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner

Kiln hood

Cooler

Clinker bed

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Bull Nose and Suction Chamber

Cement Plant

Preheater

Rotary Kiln

Burner
Bull nose

Kiln hood

Cooler

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

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C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Refractory Competence –
Innovation Born of Tradition and Experience

1 Our latest concepts

ANKRAL Q-Series
ANKRAL LC-Series
ANKRAL X-Series
Magnesia Hercynite Bricks
Special Silica
Impregnated (IS) Bricks
Sol-bonded Mixes
2 Design and arrangement
Outlet designs Grades

Ceramic anchors
Metallic anchors
3 Lining concepts
General view of a cement plant
Preheater
Rotary kiln
Burner
Kiln hood
Grate cooler
4 Grades: chemical content and
mechanical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Grades 30
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

Grades 01 31
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

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C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

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C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

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C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

35
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

36
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

37
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

38
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

39
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Grades: chemical composition and physical properties

Content Latest Concepts Designs Lining Concepts Grades

40
C E M E N T / L I N I N G C O N C E P T – E M E A

Testing Standard

This overview does not list all of the available qualities. The final lining concept is prepared in
close cooperation with the customer.

The tables only show a selection of the most relevant grades. For more detailed information
about different grades, shapes and lining recommendation, please consult your
RHI Magnesita technical expert.

The values given are standard values ascertained on the basis of the applicable test standards
and/or internal testing methods applied over a longer, representative period of time. These
values should not, however, be taken as binding specifications and may not, therefore, be
understood as g ­ uaranteeing certain product properties. We reserve the right to continue
further technical development and update the technical product information. The current
values are listed in the latest edition of the technical data sheets.

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41
 Imprint:
Media owner and publisher: RHI Magnesita N.V., Branch Vienna, Kranichberggasse 6, 1120 Vienna, Austria
Produced by: RHI Magnesita – 02 / 2023-EN
Place of publication and production: Vienna, Austria

Copyright notice:
The texts, photographs and graphic design contained in this publication are protected by copyright.
Unless indicated otherwise, the related rights of use, especially the rights of reproduction, dissemination,
provision and editing, are held exclusively by RHI Magnesita. Usage of this publication shall only be
permitted for personal information purposes. Any type of use going beyond that, especially reproduction,
editing, other usage or commercial use, is subject to explicit prior written approval by RHI Magnesita.

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