THE GLENCOE LITERATURE LIBRARY

Study Guide

for

Missing May
by Cynthia Rylant

i
 Meet Cynthia Rylant
outstanding authors of fiction for children,
Rylant said:
My grandparents gave me a small, warm, quiet
house. They gave me faith in breakfast every
morning and supper every night. They gave me
a garden rich with the smell of carrots and
potatoes and beans. They gave me the sacrifice
of all their work on my behalf, and from them I
learned steadfastness . . .
As a child, Rylant was not a particularly
avid reader. In fact, she read only comic
books. Neither her school nor her town had a
library, and so she had little access to serious
literature for children. Nevertheless, she went
They say that to be a writer you must first to college and after graduation became a clerk
have an unhappy childhood. I don’t know
in the children’s department of a public
if unhappiness is necessary, but I think
library. She made up for lost time by reading
maybe some children who have suffered
as often as possible. Soon, she was writing her
a loss too great for words grow up into
own stories as well. Her first published book,
writers who are always trying to find
those words, trying to find a meaning
When I Was Young in the Mountains, came out
for the way they have lived. in 1982. Since then, she has published over
forty books, including picture books, novels,
—Cynthia Rylant in her autobiography,
But I’ll Be Back Again: An Album
autobiographies, and a book of poetry.
Rylant likes writing about people who
receive little attention in the real world and
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“making them . . . absolutely shine with their

I n Missing May, Cynthia Rylant portrays a

childhood that is much like the one she
experienced—a childhood marred by loss and
beauty.” She certainly achieves this goal in
the character of May, an elderly, poor,
unhealthy, isolated woman who—with the
neglect but redeemed by love. power of her loving heart—transforms a
Rylant’s parents divorced when she was trailer in the mountains into paradise and a
four years old. After the divorce, she never lonely little orphan into a confident, joyous
saw her father again. Rylant suffered another young woman.
loss when her mother sent her to live with
her grandparents in rural West Virginia.
Rylant’s mother had enrolled in nursing
school and was unable to take care of the
child. Although Rylant suffered terribly over
the loss of her father and the separation from
her mother, she grew to love her grandpar-
ents, whom she describes as kind and loving.
In the speech she delivered in acceptance of
the Newbery Medal, an honor awarded to

Missing May Study Guide 9

 Introducing the Novel
There is much to ponder [in Missing May], from God had been playing with and accidentally
the meaning of life and death to the power of love. dropped out of heaven.”
That it all succeeds is a tribute to a fine writer who Moreover, as she struggles to accept May’s
brings to the task a natural grace of language, an death, Summer learns several important
earthly sense of humor, and a well-grounded sense lessons about life. For every loss she suffers,
of the spiritual. Summer gains a little more knowledge about
—Marcia Hupp, School Library Journal
herself and about those closest to her.

Can twelve-year-old Summer learn to accept THE TIME AND PLACE

the death of her beloved Aunt May? Can Missing May is firmly rooted in West
Summer’s Uncle Ob come to terms with Virginia, in the heart of the region known as
May’s death? Appalachia. Early European settlers—many
Missing May begins six months after Summer of them Protestant immigrants from England,
loses her aunt and guardian. Summer grieves the Scotland, Ireland, Germany, or France—
loss of May and is troubled by her Uncle’s grief. came to the region over three hundred years
Uncle Ob seems to be losing interest in life, and ago. They had few possessions, so they had to
Summer fears that soon he, too, will die. be tough to survive on the frontier. They
Summer is forced to grow up and take care loved the natural beauty of the mountains,
of Ob when she herself really needs to be taken and they were proud to own land there. The
care of. She wishes that she had an adult to give twisting mountain roads made travel diffi-
her advice, but again and again the only person cult, and many generations of families were
to whom she can turn is Cletus, a strange class- born, grew up, and died in the same place.
mate of hers. Even today, according to Rylant, “Those who
Missing May is full of sadness and loss. In do go off, who find some way to become doc-
addition to describing May’s death, the book tors or teachers, nearly always come back to
relates how May lost her own parents when the part of Appalachia where they grew up.”

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she was little and how Summer was passed The culture of Appalachia places a high
from relative to relative after her mother died. value on family. Strong ties connect the differ-
Even meeting Cletus’s parents saddens ent generations. Relationships are more impor-
Summer. She sees how old and unhealthy tant than possessions, community ties are
they are and fears that they, too, will die soon. greatly valued, and cooperation is seen as
Missing May paints a picture of physical preferable to competition. When Ob and May
and financial struggle as well as emotional adopt Summer, they reflect the Appalachian
distress. Ob and May are poor, their home is value system. According to one study, “For a
small and isolated, and even everyday acts mountain family not to take in relatives who
like getting Summer to school are compli- need help is unthinkable.”
cated by the isolation in which they live. Widespread poverty exists in Appalachia.
Yet the story is not all sadness and tears. In 1996 unemployment in West Virginia was
Summer narrates the story, and her observations 7.5 percent, compared with 5.4 percent for the
are often original, witty, and biting. For exam- United States as a whole. Isolated, poor fami-
ple, she comments that her relatives used to lies often experience many health problems,
treat her “like a homework assignment some- and medical care is either far away, too expen-
body was always having to do,” and she sive, or simply unavailable because of a short-
describes May and Ob’s trailer as “a toy that age of trained medical staff.

10 Missing May Study Guide

 Appalachia is known for its vibrant music who worked with Appalachian schoolchild-
and traditional craft works such as baskets, ren between 1975 and 1981, these children
rugs, quilts, carvings, folk toys, furniture, and keenly observe their world. Tied to the earth
musical instruments. In Missing May, the through gardening, hunting, and tending
main characters visit a gift shop that sells animals, they are aware of the rhythms of
items handmade by West Virginians. In real the seasons. The photographs and writings
life, organizations have been created to help that Ewald has published in her book
Appalachian craftspersons sell their goods to Portraits and Dreams resemble the descrip-
a larger market. tions of the world of Missing May in many
Like Summer in Missing May, many ways. They portray a sense of humor and
Appalachian children have to get up before an awareness of death, small houses and
sunrise to catch school buses that travel long children posing with their grandparents, a
distances along steep, winding roads. sense of vulnerability, and the incredible
According to photographer Wendy Ewald, beauty of nature.

Did You Know?

Some people see similarities between the way region of Appalachia is home to a dialect that
the inhabitants of Appalachia speak English is made up of many old words and phrases.
and the way it was spoken in England when Some words, such as the use of yourn for
Shakespeare was alive and Elizabeth I was “yours,” and hisn for “his,” do, in fact, date
queen. Other scholars disagree, pointing out back to Elizabethan England. Other phrases,
that most of Appalachia wasn’t settled until such as somebody with an axe to grind,
long after Queen Elizabeth died. Most language probably originated on the Appalachian frontier.
experts agree, however, that the mountainous
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

Missing May Study Guide 11

 Before You Read
Missing May Chapters 1–5
FOCUS ACTIVITY
Recall a time that you lost someone or something that was very important to you. How did you cope?
Think-Pair-Share
With a partner, discuss how a person might feel after losing someone or something dear. Identify
reasons why these feelings might occur, and discuss which feeling might be the most difficult to
cope with.
Setting a Purpose
Read to find out how a twelve-year-old girl and an old man react to a great loss.

BACKGROUND
Love and Self-Esteem in Children
Is it realistic for Summer to assume that the love her mother gave her as a baby protects her from
neglect later in her childhood? Child experts believe that infants are sensitive to the moods of
their caregivers. Psychologists have studied the importance of early experiences in a child’s devel-
opment and believe that babies who are loved and cuddled will grow up to have positive feelings
about themselves. The technical term for the overall view a person has of her or his own worth is
self-esteem. A child who has been made to feel unwanted will probably have low self-esteem, as
does Summer when none of her aunts or uncles seem to care about her. Yet psychologists believe
that low self-esteem can be boosted by positive experiences. A child such as Summer, who begins
life with lots of love and, therefore, high self-esteem, has a good chance of benefiting from posi-
tive experiences later in life.
Did You Know?
The character Ob in Missing May makes whirligigs—woodworked, wind-driven sculptures. A sim-
ple whirligig might show a man waving his arms, while a more complex whirligig might show a

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

collection of related figures, such as a fisherman raising and lowering his fishing rod while an
open-mouthed whale looms nearby.

VOCABULARY PREVIEW
bereavement [bi rēv mənt] n. sadness, as the grief someone feels over another’s death
collaborate [kə lab ə rāt´] v. to work together
constitution [kon´stə too ¯¯¯ shən] n. a person’s physical or mental make-up or being
covet [kuv it] v. to want something in a greedy way
revelation [rev´ə lā shən] n. the sudden understanding of something mysterious or hidden
stupefaction [stoo¯¯¯´pə fak shən] n. amazement or total bewilderment
surreal [sər rē əl] adj. unreal in a dreamlike way

12 Missing May Study Guide

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Active Reading
Missing May Chapters 1–5
Both Ob and Summer have strong reactions to losing May. Use the Venn diagram below to chart
the similarities and differences in their reactions.

Ob’s reactions Summer’s reactions

sleeping in the hurt

car after the
funeral
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Shared reactions

Missing May Study Guide 13

Name  Date  Class 

Responding
Missing May Chapters 1–5
Personal Response
Do you think Summer will continue to feel lost? Why or why not?

Analyzing Literature
Recall and Interpret
1. How old was Summer when she came to live with Ob and May? Why did they
decide to bring her home with them?

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2. Why does Ob think that May has returned? How does Summer react to the
news? What does her reaction tell you about her character?

3. How does Summer’s opinion of Cletus change during the months after May’s
death? What causes this change?

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Responding
Missing May Chapters 1–5
Analyzing Literature (continued)
Evaluate and Connect
4. Do you think that May is really trying to make contact with Ob? Why or why not?

5. What lessons has Missing May taught you about how to deal with people who are
suffering from a serious loss?

Literature and Writing

Analyze Humor
Find examples of humor in the first five chapters of the book. Then write a para-
graph or two analyzing the effect of humor in an otherwise sad and serious story.
How does humor help to keep the reader interested in the story? What message
about life does the use of humor convey?
Extending Your Response
Literature Groups
In the first part of this novel many questions are left unanswered. Take a few minutes
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to review Chapters 1–5 and to jot down a list of questions. Note page numbers next
to your questions. Then discuss your questions with a small group of classmates.
Predict what you think the answers will be in the chapters ahead. Base your predic-
tions on information you have already read in the book and also on your own com-
mon sense and past experience.
Art Connection
Choose one of the major characters—May, Ob, Summer, or Cletus—and use maga-
zine photographs, computer clip art, or your own drawings to create a collage that
expresses what the character is like. Include pictures of the character’s prized posses-
sions and favorite activities, or express the character’s personality through the use of
colors and abstract shapes. After you finish your collage, display it in your classroom
and describe the process you went through to decide what objects, shapes, or colors
to use in your collage.

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Missing May Study Guide 15

 Before You Read
Missing May Chapters 6–8

FOCUS ACTIVITY
Whom do you turn to in times of trouble? Why?
Journal
In your journal, describe the person you rely on during difficult times. Provide reasons why you
rely on that person for support.
Setting a Purpose
Read to find out about whom Ob, Summer, and Cletus turn to for help.

BACKGROUND
Bereavement and Depression
When someone dies, family and friends who were close to the deceased often suffer intense emo-
tional pain. The survivors may also suffer a loss of self-esteem and begin to feel that they cannot cope
with life. Bereavement can even lead to physical problems. To cope with bereavement, a person
needs to go through a mourning process. In the early stages of the process, the mourner may be torn
between feelings of hope (that the loved one will somehow return) and feelings of despair (that the
loved one will not return and life will be unbearable). Later the mourner usually begins to separate
emotionally from the person who has died and comes to terms with the loss of the loved one.
Did You Know?
Spiritualism is the belief that the dead can communicate with the living, usually with the help of
a living person known as a medium. In Missing May, Cletus locates a medium who he thinks can
help Ob receive a message from May. A medium is thought to have psychic abilities—abilities
that are beyond those of normal physical and mental processes. One of these abilities is usually
ESP, or extrasensory perception. ESP is perception that comes through a source other than the

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

five senses. Mediums may hold special meetings, known as séances, designed to contact the spirits
of the dead. Scientists have devoted years of study to psychic research. Some mediums have been
exposed as fakes who deliberately trick the public into paying money for their “services.” Others
may be sincere, but produce words and images from their own unconscious minds, rather than
receiving messages from spirits.

VOCABULARY PREVIEW
deterioration [di tēr´ē ə rā shən] n. the process of getting worse
exhilarated [i zil ə rāt´əd] adj. very cheerful and happy
flabbergasted [flab ər ast´əd] adj. completely amazed

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Active Reading
Missing May Chapters 6–8
At the beginning of Chapter 6, Summer says that what happened the day after May failed to
reappear in the garden was the dénouement, or the action following the climax of her story.
She says that the characters were all on one “road” and then were put on another. On the
diagram below, describe some of the events on the first road, the event that changes the charac-
ters’ direction, and the events on the second road.

Fir
st
Ro Summer and Ob
ad mourn for May.

Crucial Event
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ad
Ro
nd
eco
S

Missing May Study Guide 17

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Responding
Missing May Chapters 6–8
Personal Response
What is your reaction as Cletus, Ob, and Summer prepare to set off on their journey?
Are you excited and hopeful for them, or are you concerned? Explain why.

Analyzing Literature
Recall and Interpret
1. Explain what happens the morning after May fails to send Ob a message. What
does Ob do that is so unusual? How does Summer react? Why?

2. Contrast Summer’s reaction to Cletus’s suggestion that they visit the Bat Lady
with Ob’s reaction to the same suggestion. What does the difference in their

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reactions say about them?

3. How does Summer’s attitude toward Cletus change after she visits him at home?
What does this visit reveal about Cletus’s true character?

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Responding
Missing May Chapters 6–8
Analyzing Literature (continued)
Evaluate and Connect
4. In your opinion, why does the author describe how May saved bats? How does
this detail help characterize May?

5. How might Summer, Ob, and Cletus answer the Focus Activity? How does their
answer compare with yours?

Literature and Writing

Character Sketch
Pick one of the characters from Chapters 6–8 and write two paragraphs about the
character. In the first paragraph, describe the character’s physical appearance, cloth-
ing, and behavior. In the second paragraph, describe the character’s inner thoughts,
dreams, and emotions.
Extending Your Response
Literature Groups
Summer is extremely worried about Ob’s fragile emotional state. At first, she thinks
Cletus’s idea about visiting the Spiritualist Church is a crazy one. But when Ob perks
up at the notion, she stops voicing her objections. With your group, discuss the pros
and cons of Summer’s decision. Should you ever go along with a plan that you feel is
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foolish? Is it better to give someone who is desperate some kind of hope, even though
it may be a false hope? Are there other valid reasons for doing things that may seem
irrational at first glance?
Learning for Life
Cletus loves the headline “The Reverend Miriam B. Young: Small Medium at Large.”
Write your own headlines for the following events from Chapters 6–8: Ob fails to get
up in the morning; Cletus shows up with his suggestion; Ob decides to take the jour-
ney; and Ob and Summer meet Cletus’s parents. Try to make each headline short, fac-
tual, and punchy, using clever plays on words.

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Missing May Study Guide 19

 Before You Read
Missing May Chapters 9–12
FOCUS ACTIVITY
Think of a time when you had a sudden, dramatic change of mood or attitude. What happened
to cause the change?
Journal
Write a brief journal entry describing a time when you had a change of mood. Use vivid words to
describe the initial situation, and then tell exactly how your emotions changed and why.
Setting a Purpose
Read to discover the changes that Summer, Ob, and May undergo.

BACKGROUND
The Time and Place
In the last section of the book, the three main characters take a journey that includes a stop in
Charleston, the capital of West Virginia. Summer is entranced by the gold-domed capitol. It makes
her proud of her state, which is often stereotyped as full of old, shut-down coal mines.
First settled in 1788, Charleston is located in central West Virginia. Today, it is the state’s
largest city with a population of over 57,000. One of Charleston’s main attractions is the capitol’s
293-foot gold dome. Other destinations for visitors to Charleston are the West Virginia State
Museum, which houses a settler’s cabin and an old-fashioned general store, a museum of
American art, and a science museum and planetarium.
The Importance of Coal
Since the late 1880s, coal has played a large part in West Virginia’s history. Miners worked hard
for little pay and faced great dangers on the job. During the Great Depression, many mines closed
down, and mining towns turned into ghost towns. Technological advances, such as the develop-

Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

ment of diesel fuel and the invention of mining machines, also contributed to the decline of the
coal industry in West Virginia. Today, only about 31,000 West Virginians are employed in the
mines. Other major fields of employment are tourism, sales, and agriculture.

VOCABULARY PREVIEW
artifact [a r tə fakt´] n. something made by humans, especially something left over from an
earlier culture
combustion [kəm bus chən] n. the act of burning
fidgety [fij ə tē] adj. nervous
oblivion [ə bliv ē ən] n. forgetfulness or the state of being forgotten
spontaneous [spon tā nē əs] adj. on its own, without an outside cause
traipse [trāps] v. to wander aimlessly

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Active Reading
Missing May Chapters 9–12
This section of the book is filled with references to physical, mental, and spiritual journeys. Take
notes about each reference to a journey. Then, in the box next to the notes, write what you
think the journey means. Feel free to add more boxes.

Journey Reference Meaning

Ob, Summer, and Cletus set off for

Putnam County, where, Ob says, A physical journey can be a spiritual
they have an appointment with the journey as well.
next world.
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Missing May Study Guide 21

Name  Date  Class 

Responding
Missing May Chapters 9–12
Personal Response
Did the ending of the story surprise you? Why or why not?

Analyzing Literature
Recall and Interpret
1. What does Summer think Cletus will be when he grows up? Does her prediction
match yours? Explain.

2. How does Ob react when he learns that Reverend Young has died? What do you

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suppose might have happened if Reverend Young had been there?

3. Why do you think Summer is able to mourn and cry for May when she gets back
from the long trip?

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Responding
Missing May Chapters 9–12
Analyzing Literature (continued)
Evaluate and Connect
4. Review your response to the Focus Activity. Would you say that Ob’s sudden
change of heart is believable? Why or why not?

5. May speaks of the love within a very special kind of family. How does her mes-
sage relate to all families?

Literature and Writing

Write a Review
Imagine that the rest of your class has not read the novel but wants to know what it
is about. Write a brief, informal letter that gives an idea of what the book is about
but does not reveal the book’s ending. Explain why you think the class would enjoy
certain features of the book such as its message, its use of language, or its
characters. Your goal is to get other students interested enough to read the book
for themselves.
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Extending Your Response

Literature Groups
Ob, Cletus, and Summer are frustrated when they learn that they will not be meet-
ing with the Reverend Miriam Young. As the reader, were you frustrated too? The
author creates suspense about what will happen when Ob tries to contact May’s spirit
through a medium and then surprises the reader by having no such attempt at com-
munication take place. In your literature group, debate why you think Rylant took
this approach. Suggest alternative ways of ending the novel and evaluate their effec-
tiveness compared with the ending Rylant wrote.
Performing
May’s final message to Summer resembles a speech in a play. Reread May’s message.
What emotions are expressed in her final message to Summer? How do you imagine
May’s voice would sound? Practice reading May’s message aloud. Speak slowly and
simply. Try to evoke the beautiful images and powerful emotions of the message.
Then give an oral presentation of the message to the rest of the class.

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Missing May Study Guide 23

Name  Date  Class 

Responding
Missing May
Personal Response
What do you think is the most important message of Missing May?

What are some ways in which you could apply this message to your own life?

Writing About the Novel

The Newbery Medal is awarded each year by the American Library Association for
the most distinguished contribution to American literature for children. Write a brief
essay explaining why you think Missing May did or did not deserve to win this award.

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24 Missing May Study Guide

 Name  Date  Class 

The World Is Not a

Pleasant Place to Be Nikki Giovanni
His Just Due Cynthia Rylant
Before You Read
Focus Question
When you have a truly unpleasant day, who helps you to feel better? Why is it important to have
a connection to friends or family members you trust?
Background
Nikki Giovanni is a teacher, lecturer, political activist, and award-winning author of twelve
books of poetry. This selection by Giovanni examines the role of human relationships. In “His
Just Due,” Missing May author Cynthia Rylant introduces readers to yet another character whose
life is changed by love.
Responding to the Readings
1. According to “The World Is Not a Pleasant Place to Be,” what does a person need?

2. What images of nature does the speaker include in the poem? How do these images help you
to understand the speaker’s feelings?

3. At the beginning of “His Just Due,” what does Boyd consider his “lot in life”? What situa-
tions and events have shaped his view of himself?
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4. Describe everything Boyd does to help the woman and her child. In what ways do the
woman and her child help Boyd?

5. Making Connections Compare the experience of Ob with the experience of Boyd in the
Rylant short story. What causes each man’s despair? What gives them both a feeling of peace?
How does the Giovanni poem help to explain Ob’s and Boyd’s experiences?

Learning for Life

As Missing May suggests, it is important to connect with people. Write letters to two people who
are important to you. Tell them what is going on in your life and ask questions about their lives.
Share feelings that will bring them closer to you and colorful details that will keep your letters
interesting. Send or hand-deliver your letters when they are complete.

Missing May Study Guide 25

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A Story That Could Be True

William Stafford

Valentine for Ernest Mann

Naomi Shihab Nye
Before You Read
Focus Question
What are three or four details that make you or something about your life interesting or special? These
details can relate to a major life event, a special relationship, a quirky habit, or an unusual hobby.
Background
Winner of the National Book Award, William Stafford has worked as a teacher in addition to
being a poet. Naomi Shihab Nye is an award-winning author of poetry, children’s books, essays
and novels. In both selections, the poets encourage readers to look more deeply into themselves
and their lives.
Responding to the Readings
1. Who is the “you” being addressed in Stafford’s poem? What is life like for this person?

2. According to Stafford’s poem, what should a person believe, even when the world seems
“dark and cold”?

3. According to “Valentine for Ernest Mann,” where can poems be found?

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4. In “Valentine for Ernest Mann,” why does the poet tell the story of the man and the two
skunks? How does it add to the poem’s meaning?

5. Making Connections Explain why the speaker in Stafford’s poem could be talking about
Summer in Missing May. In what way has her life been “dark and cold”? Think about Nye’s
poem, which asks readers to find beauty in the most unlikely places. Name the two things
you find most beautiful about the novel’s characters and their lives.

Creative Writing
Following the words of Stafford and Nye, find a poem or story in an unlikely place. Look at some-
thing you never thought of as especially beautiful or interesting. What is unique about it? Does it
have its own beauty? Does it tell a story about someone or something? Write a short paragraph or
poem about your findings.

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Mother Grace Paley

Before You Read

Focus Question
Think about a person who plays an important role in your life. If this person were suddenly gone
from your life, what would you miss most about him or her?
Background
Grace Paley is a poet, short-story writer, and political activist. Many of her characters are shown
struggling against loneliness. In this selection, Paley examines the fleeting nature of life and how
it affects people.
Responding to the Reading
1. Where does the narrator long to see her mother?

2. Explain why the narrator’s aging parents “look at one another amazed.” What do they have
trouble believing?

3. Why does the narrator repeat the phrase “Then she died.” What about life does she want
people to understand?
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4. Making Connections In Missing May, the reader learns about May through the memories of
Ob and Summer. The mother in “Mother” also is not physically present in the story. Why are
readers able to get such a strong sense of each woman? Name some of the most important
details. How do the feelings of other characters color your view of each woman?

Memory Book
In Missing May, Ob and Summer realize that the greatest gifts they have are each other and their
warm memories of May. Create a memory book for your family or other people who are important
in your life. Include quotations, family recipes, and personal stories. You might also want to
include photos or drawings. Set aside a journal section at the back of the book, where special
friends or members of your family can write down their own ideas and memories.

Missing May Study Guide 27

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The Girl Who Married a Ghost

edited by John Bierhorst

Before You Read

Focus Question
Do you believe there is a world beyond the world you can see, hear, taste, and touch? Why or
why not? What people, religious beliefs, stories, or experiences have shaped your ideas on this
subject?
Background
The following selection is a myth, which is a story that tries to explain how a tradition, belief,
attitude, or ritual began. “The Girl Who Married a Ghost” is a myth from the Nisqualli people,
a Native American group of southern Washington. Children of Nisqualli leaders were called
“princes” and “princesses.” In the story, a young princess unknowingly enters a strange world.
Responding to the Reading
1. Why do people in neighboring villages become angry with the chief? What do they hope will
happen to his daughter?

2. Why are the girl and her child sent home to her family? Why is she then forced to return to
her husband’s world? According to the story, what is a lasting effect of the girl’s experience?

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3. Making Connections What “unknown” does this myth attempt to explain? Describe Ob’s own
attempts to make sense of his sudden loss and his beliefs about May’s “spiritual message.”

Presentation
For centuries, people have struggled to cope with the mysterious nature of death. With a partner,
research a specific culture’s attitudes and beliefs on this subject. For example, you might learn
about the funeral rituals of a particular religious group, find ancient myths about death and the
afterlife, or examine themes of death in poetry from a particular period in history. Present your
findings to the class. After listening to all presentations, decide which attitudes or rituals are
most like those of Ob, Summer, and Cletus.

28 Missing May Study Guide

 Name  Date  Class 

Crossing the Bar

Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Before You Read
Focus Question
In your opinion, why are some people more at peace with the idea of death than others?
Background
In his day, Alfred, Lord Tennyson (1809–1892) was one of England’s most popular poets. In
1850, he was appointed poet laureate of England by Queen Victoria. He often wrote lyric
poetry—musical verse that expresses a speaker’s emotions. Tennyson requested that “Crossing the
Bar” be the final selection in all of his collections. As you read, keep in mind that a bar is a sand-
bar, and waves crashing against a sandbar at the mouth of a harbor create a moaning sound.
Responding to the Reading
1. The speaker says, “Sunset and evening star, / and one clear call for me!” To what is the
speaker being called?

2. What is the speaker requesting? To whom do you think he might be speaking?

3. What is the speaker’s attitude toward what is going to happen to him? Why does he have this
attitude?
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4. Making Connections At the end of Missing May, Summer says, “we filled up May’s empty
garden with Dreams and Thunderstorms and Fire and that bright white Spirit that was May
herself. . . . Ob and I smiled at each other. And then a big wind came and set everything
free.” In what way is the mood of these lines similar to the mood of “Crossing the Bar”?

Create a Dialogue
Imagine that May is the speaker in the Tennyson poem. Write a dialogue that might take place
between Ob and May. Have May explain why her death should be accepted and not mourned, and
have Ob explain why he and Summer are so affected by her death. Base your dialogue on details
in the poem and in the novel.

Missing May Study Guide 29