Environmental Product

Declaration
as per ISO 14025 and EN 15804 +A1

Owner of the declaration: Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A.

Publisher: Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH - Ecobility Experts

Programme holder: Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH - Ecobility Experts

Declaration number: EPD-SLM-081-EN

Issue date: 04.05.2020

Valid to: 04.05.2025

PC Strand
Construction steel products
1. General information

Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. PC Strand

Programme holder Owner of the declaration
Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A.
- Ecobility Experts Via Oger Martin, 21
Marientorbogen 3-5 Ceprano (Fr)
90402 Nürnberg Italy
Germany
Declaration number Declared product / declared unit
EPD-SLM-081-EN 1kg PC Wire

This declaration is based on the Product Scope

Category Rules PC Strand is a twisted steel cable composed of
PCR B - Requirements on the Environmental 2, 3 or 7 high strength steel wires represents
Product Declarations for steel construction the product “2 & 3 Wire Strand” and “P.C.
products, Edition 2020-03-13 (draft) Strand – 7 wire” (average product). Both prod-
ucts are manufactured in Ceprano, Italy. Kiwa
Issue date BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH – Ecobility Experts
04.05.2020 shall not be liable with respect to manufac-
Valid to turer information, life cycle assessment data
04.05.2025 and evidences.
Verification
The CEN Norm EN 15804:2012+A1:2013
serves as the core PCR

Independent verification of the declaration

and data according to ISO 14025:2011-10

☐internally ☒externally

Signature
Frank Huppertz
(President of Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH – Ecobility
Experts GmbH)

Signature Signature
Prof. Dr. Frank Heimbecher Name of external verifier / company
(Chairman of the independent expert committee BCS (External verifier of Green Delta GmbH)
Öko-Garantie GmbH – Ecobility Experts GmbH)

Page | 2 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand

2. Product
2.1 Product description
PC Strand is a twisted steel cable composed of 2, 3 or 7 high strength steel wires, high-strength steel,
which is mainly used for prestressing in prestressed concrete construction. This kind of steel usually
belongs to the group of unalloyed steels. Its high strength values allow high elastic elongation during
prestressing. In prestressed concrete construction, this reduces the loss of prestressing force due to
creep and shrinkage of the concrete, which re-duces the prestressing and thus the initially applied
prestressing force. The declared product is an average product of the construction steel product. The
declared product is an average product of the types 2 & 3 Wire Strand and 7 Wire Strand. PC Strand is
supplied either smooth or indented and it is packed and delivered either in coils or in bundle of straight
cut-to-length bars.
2.2 Application
PC Strand in coils is mostly used as reinforcement in concrete prestressing elements, but it is used in
most of the post-tensioned project. In straight cut-to-length bar it is used to produce railroad sleepers
whereas PC Strand in coils is mostly used as reinforcement in concrete pre-stressed elements.

Standards:
• 2 & 3 Wire Strand: prEN 10138 - UNI 7676
• 7 Wires Strand: prEN 10138-3- ASTM A-416; BS5896; NF A35045-3; NEN 3868; BS 4258; UNI
7676; UNE 36094.
For the use and application of the product the respective national provisions at the place of use apply
2.3 Technical Data

2 & 3 Wire Strand:

Characteristic Value Unit
Diameter range 4,70 – 6,50 mm
Steel grade range 1.570 – 1.860 MPa

7 Wires Strand:
Characteristic Value Unit
Diameter range 6.85 ÷ 18.00 mm
Steel grade range (MPa) 1700 – 1770 – 1860 –1960 – 2060 – 2160 MPa

2.4 Base materials / Ancillary materials

Base Materials:
Raw material Value Unit
Wire Rod 100 M.-%

Ancillary Materials in the production process are water, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, activation salt,
Lime, powder lubricant.
2.5 Manufacture
Siderurgica Latina Martin turns high carbon wire rod into PC Strand through an integrated manufac-
turing process starting from in-house acid pickling & pre-coating, cold wire drawing, thermo-mechan-
ical process to packaging in coil.

Page | 3 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand

2.6 Reference Service Life (RSL)
PC Strand is used in concrete structures to give additional mechanical resistance. The lifetime of PC
Strand therefore will be limited by the service life of the construction. Under these circumstances, no
RSL according to the relevant ISO standards and EN 15804 can be declared.

3. LCA: Calculation rules

3.1 Declared unit
The EPD refers to the declared unit of 1 kg PC Strand excl. packaging.
Value Unit
Declared Unit 1 kg
3.2 System boundary
This EPD monitors the production stage (EPD type: “Cradle to factory gate”). The following production
steps are considered during the production phase: Raw material supply (A1); Energy supply (A3); Man-
ufacture of precursors (A1); Production of the packaging (A3); Transport of raw materials (A2); Manu-
facturing process (A3); Transport of production waste to the place of disposal (A3); Disposal of produc-
tion waste (A3).
3.3 Estimates and assumptions
The infrastructure of the production facilities is not considered due to the high mass flow. In addition,
only the production-related energy consumption (excluding the administration and social areas) is con-
sidered and the energy consumption was averaged over the annual pro-duction volume. All specific
transport distances of the input materials were recorded and considered accordingly. The transport
distances can be found in the life cycle inventory. For all journeys, a truck with a payload of 28-30 t
and emission standard EURO 5 was assumed (diesel vehicle). For the utilization, a flat rate of 85% was
assumed. The losses during the production phase are less than 3 wt% and thus fall below the cut-off
criteria.
3.4 Cut-off criteria
All material flows that contribute to more than 1% of the total mass, energy or environmental impact
of the system have been considered in the LCA. It can be assumed that the neglected processes in total
contributed less than 5% to the considered impact categories. The production of the machines, plants
and other infrastructure required for the production of the products was not taken into account in the
LCA. The production emissions BORAX and Carbonates were not included in the LCA because no suit-
able data sets could be found for them.
3.5 Period under review
All process-specific data was collected for the operating year 2018.
3.6 Comparability
In principle, a comparison or evaluation of EPD data is only possible if all data sets to be compared
have been created in accordance with EN 15804 and the building context or the product-specific
performance characteristics have been taken into account.
In this case, 1 kg PC Strand was selected as the declared unit. To be able to compare the EPD data, the
declared products need the same declared units, or the declared unit must be converted with the
proper conversion factors to make it comparable. The secondary data for the production phase were
taken exclusively from the EcoInvent 3.4 database.

Page | 4 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand

4. LCA: Results

The following tables show the results of the impact assessment indicators, resource use, waste and
other output streams. The results presented here refer to the declared average product.
Description of the system boundary (X = Included in LCA; MND = Module not declared)
Benefits and
Construction loads beyond
Product stage Use stage End of life stage
process stage the system
boundaries
Construction-installation

Operational energy use

facturer to place of use

Operational water use

Transport from manu-
Raw material supply

Recycling-potential
De-construction /

Waste processing

Reuse-Recovery-
Manufacturing

Refurbishmen
Maintenance

Replacement

demolition
Transport

Transport

Disposal
process

Repair
Use

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D
X X X MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND MND
Results of the LCA –Environmental impact: 1 kg PC Strand
Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3
Global warming potential [kg CO2-Eq.] 2,35E+00 1,35E-01 2,34E-01
Depletion potential of the stratospheric ozone layer [kg CFC11-Eq.] 1,28E-07 2,25E-08 2,79E-08
Acidification potential of land and water [kg SO2-Eq.] 9,20E-03 1,87E-03 1,49E-03
Eutrophication potential [kg (PO4)³-Eq.] 1,06E-03 1,84E-04 2,02E-04
Formation potential of tropospheric ozone
[kg Ethen-Eq.]
photchemical oxidants 3,26E-03 1,15E-04 9,12E-05
Abiotic depletion potential for non fossil resources [kg Sb-Eq.] 5,46E-06 1,77E-07 8,86E-07
Abiotic depletion potential for fossil resources [MJ] 3,03E+01 1,97E+00 3,55E+00
Results of the LCA –Resource use: 1 kg PC Strand
Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3
Renewable primary energy as energy carrier [MJ] IND IND IND
Renewable primary energy resources as material [MJ]
IND IND IND
utilization
Total use of renewable primary energy resources [MJ] 1,11E+00 3,72E-02 9,34E-01
Non renewable primary energy as energy carrier [MJ] IND IND IND
Non renewable primary energy as material utilization [MJ] IND IND IND
Total use of non renewable primary energy resources [MJ] 2,44E+01 2,10E+00 3,89E+00
Use of secondary material [kg] 1,86E-01 0,00E+00 2,61E-03
Use of renewable secondary fuels [MJ] IND IND IND
Use of non renewable secondary fuels [MJ] IND IND IND
Use of net fresh water [m³] 2,70E-02 2,81E-04 9,10E-04
Results of the LCA –Output flows and waste categories: 1 kg PC Strand
Parameter Unit A1 A2 A3
Hazardous waste disposed [kg] 2,16E-04 1,42E-05 2,42E-05
Non hazardous waste disposed [kg] 3,69E-01 4,01E-02 2,87E-02
Radioactive waste disposed [kg] 4,70E-05 1,30E-05 1,26E-05
Building materials for re-use [kg] IND IND IND
Materials for recycling [kg] IND IND IND
Materials for energy recovery [kg] IND IND IND
Exported energy [MJ] IND IND IND

Page | 5 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand

5. LCA: Interpretation
This is a Cradle to gate EPD, which means that the EPD is based on production phase A with the mod-
ules A1 Raw material supply, A2 Transport and A3 Production. The Raw Material supply is the module
with the greatest influence on the LCA results for almost all impact categories (between 72 - 94 % of
the respective impact category). Module A3 has the 2nd highest share in each impact category.
Transport contributes to environmental impacts with the least amount of impact.

100%
90%
80%
70%
Contribution

60%
50% A3
40% A2
30% A1
20%
10%
0%
ADP (e) ADP (f) AP ODP GWP EP POCP
Environmental impact categories

6. References

[1] ASTM A416/A416M-18: Standard Specification for Low-Relaxation, Seven-Wire Steel Strand
for Prestressed Concrete, US

[2] CML-IA April 2013 – Characterization factors developed by the Institute of Environmental Sci-
ences (CML): University Leiden, the Netherlands - http://www.cml.leiden.edu/software/data-
cmlia.html

[3] BS 5896:2012: High tensile steel wire and strand for the prestressing of concrete. Specification,
UK

[4] BS EN 4258:1998: Metallic materials. General organization of standardization. Links between

types of EN standards and their use, UK

[5] BS5896, NBN I 10-003: Norme belge, Deformation of structures - Deformation limit values
Buildings (2002), BE
[6] EN ISO 14040:2006: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and
framework (ISO 14040:2006)

[7] EN ISO 14044:2014: Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Requirements and
guidelines (ISO 14044:2006 + Amd 1:2017)

[8] EN ISO 14025:2011-10: Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental decla-
rations - Principles and procedures (ISO 14025:2006)

Page | 6 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand

[9] EN 15804:2012+A1:2013: Sustainability of construction works - Environmental product decla-
rations - Core rules for the product category of construction

[10] NEN 3868:2001 nl: Prestressing steel, NL

[11] PrEN 10138/3:2000: Prestressing steels - Part 3: Strand

[12] UNE 36094:1997: Steel wire and strand for prestressed concrete, ES

[13] UNI 7676:2016: Strands with 2-3 wires and strands with 7 wires for prestressed concrete, IT

Page | 7 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand

 Publisher Mail [email protected]
Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH
– Ecobility Experts Web https://www.kiwa.com/de/de
Marientorbogen 3-5 /uber-kiwa/ecobility-experts/
90402 Nürnberg
Deutschland/Germany
Programme holder Mail [email protected]
Kiwa BCS Öko-Garantie GmbH
– Ecobility Experts Web https://www.kiwa.com/de/de
Marientorbogen 3-5 /uber-kiwa/ecobility-experts/
90402 Nürnberg
Deutschland/Germany
Author of the Life Cycle Tel. +49 (0)30 467761-43
Assessment Fax. +49 (0)30 467761-10
Martin Köhrer Mail [email protected]
Kiwa GmbH Web https://www.kiwa.com/de/
Voltastr.5
13355 Berlin
Deutschland/ Germany
Owner of the declaration Tel. +39 (0)775 9199-1
Siderurgia Latina Martin S.p.A. Fax. +39 (0)775 9199-222
Via Oger Martin, 21 Mail valerio.casa-
Ceprano (Fr) [email protected]
Italy Web www.slmspa.com

Page | 8 Siderurgica Latina Martin S.p.A. — PC Strand