B - EPD ENVIRONMENTAL P RODUCT DECLARATION

STABILAME
Nailed Cross Laminated Timber
1 m3 of nailed CLT (Cross Laminated Timber) as structural element (walls) in a building, with a RSL of 100
years.

Issued 16.12.2020
Valid until 16.12.2025

Third party verified

Conform to EN 15804+A2, NBN/DTD B08-001 and ISO 14025

Modules declared (Crale to Grave)

A123 A4 A5 B C D
● ● ● ● ● ●

[B-EPD n° 200102_001_EN]

OWNER OF THIS ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION

Stabilame

EPD PROGRAM OPERATOR

Federal Public Service of Health, Food Chain Safety
and Environment
www.b-epd.be
The intended use of this EPD is to communicate scientifically based environmental information for construction products, for the
purpose of assessing the environmental performance of buildings. This EPD is only valid when registered on www.b-epd.be. The
FPS Public Health cannot be held responsible for the information provided by the owner of the EPD.

2
PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
PRODUCT NAME IMAGES OF THE PRODUCT AND ITS
Stabilame Nailed Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) INSTALLATION

PRODUCT DESCRIPTION AND INTENDED USE

Nailed CLT walls are monolithic elements with maximum dimensions
of 3,25 m width and 6 m length, in spruce. Different thicknesses are
available: 115, 161, 207, 253, 299 and 345 mm. Nailed CLT products
are made from wooden boards and assembled with aluminium nails
according to MHM process (Massiv Holz Mauer) and ETA n°15/0760.
Stabilame is certificated PEFC (n° PEFC/07-32-181/2) for its wood
coming from sustainably managed forests, and also received the bio-
based label “biosourcé – filière wallonne” (bio-based – walloon sector)
for its nailed CLT process. The nailed CLT is made of 99% bio-based
materials (mass), with at least 90% coming from Wallonia (Belgium).

The nailed CLT is 161 mm thick with seven layers, presenting a thermal
conductivity (λ) equal to 0.11 W/mK (according to ETA 15/0760). The
water vapour diffusion resistance is µ ≤ 50 (dry) and µ ≤ 20 (wet). It
also presents acoustics insulation with Rw up to 78 dB (test report n°13-
001170-PR01 ift Rosemheim).
Nailed CLT constructions can be prefabricated which allows fast
assembly on site. Both 2D and 3D building prefabrication are possible.
After deconstruction of the building, it is possible to cut the recovered
elements into new elements. However, for this B-EPD, a a
conservative EoL scenario has been taken into account.

This report is a specific EPD from a single company: Stabilame.

The product is used as a structural element in walls.

REFERENCE FLOW / DECLARED UNIT

The functional unit is:

“Ensure the functionality of the structural element (walls) in a building,

with 1m3* of nailed CLT (Cross Laminated Timber), installed following
the manufacturer recommendations, and with a design life-span of 100
years, ensuring the product performances.
* results are obtained based on a product with seven layers of wooden
boards.”

The reference flow is 1 m³ of nailed CLT with seven layers (of equal
thickness), and a total thickness of 161 mm.

The packaging of the product is included. The weight per reference

flow is 470 kg, and the density of the product is 470 kg / m3.

INSTALLATION
Materials for fixation and installation are included. This EPD contains
the impacts of all processes, fixating materials, jointing material, or
treatments necessary for installing/mounting the product according to
following scenario(s): energy consumption of the crane and drill energy
consumption used to fix the CLT with the galvanised steel screws.

3
COMPOSITION AND CONTENT
The main components of the product are

Components Composition / content / ingredients Quantity

- wood - 99.6%
Product
- aluminum nails - 0.4%

Fixation materials - galvanized steel screws, brackets, … 0.175 kg/m2 (seven layers nailed CLT)

Jointing materials - Not applicable for this product

Treatments - Not applicable for this product

Packaging -Packaging film 0.035 kg/m2 (seven layers nailed CLT)

The product does not contain materials listed in the “Candidate List of Substances of Very High Concern for authorisation”.

REFERENCE SERVICE LIFE

Cross laminated timber products are already installed in existing buildings from previous decades (product intrinsic material
properties lead to good long-term performances). Several construction works may be found in Europe containing the product from
decades ago.

The reference service life is estimated at 100 years (installed products are still in use) if the product is installed according to the
manufacturers’ and suppliers’ guidelines. The RSL is based on expert judgment.

DESCRIPTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIVITY

The reference product of this B-EPD is representative for the Belgian market.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY

Product stage (A1-3): The wood and nails are transported by truck to the production plant. The manufacturing is composed of sawn,
plan mills, machining, and assembling processes. The nailed CLT is packed and transported to the construction site.

TECHNICAL DATA / PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Technical property Standard Value Unit Comment

Thermal resistance (R) 1.46 m2K/W

Lambda value (λ) (ETA 15/0760) 0.11 W/(m.K)

Average density 470 kg/m3

Acoustics resistance (Rw) up to 78 dB

LCA STUDY
DATE OF LCA STUDY
The cradle-to-grave LCA study was conducted in September 2020. The information contained in this document is provided under
the responsibility of Stabilame according to EN 15804:A2 and additional requirements from NBN/DTD B 08-001.

SOFTWARE
For the calculation of the LCA results, the software program Simapro version 9.1.0.7 has been used.

INFORMATION ON ALLOCATION
A wood briquette co-product economic allocation has been used for the wood raw materials, according to the market price of wood
briquettes and nailed CLT. Meanwhile, the allocations of the background database are remaining unchanged.

INFORMATION ON CUT OFF

The company reported the data. Some plausibility and completeness assessments and checks were conducted for some inputs.
For a few remaining data, no comprehensive assessment was conducted, therefore accepting data gaps.

In all cases, it is assumed that the cut-off criteria of EN 15804 are met.

INFORMATION ON EXCLUDED PROCESSES

Following processes were excluded for the inventory:

- The effects of capital goods and infrastructural processes have been excluded.
- Flows related to human activities such as employee transport and administration activity are also excluded.

INFORMATION ON BIOGENIC CARBON MODELLING

Cross-laminated timber products are mainly made of wood, with high biogenic carbon content. As long as the cross-laminated
timber is in use, this carbon is stored in the product. For the CLT materials, biogenic CO2 is assessed based on the following
formula and is provided in the overall LCA results. Global Warming Potential impacts excluding biogenic CO2 emissions are also
provided in a separate indicator.
𝐶𝑂2 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 (𝑘𝑔 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑖𝑟) = 𝑤𝑜𝑜𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ (1 − 𝑢) ∗ 𝑐𝑎𝑟𝑏𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑡 ∗ 3.67 (𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝐶𝑂2 − 𝐶)

Where u = 13% humidity and carbon content = 0.5

The packaging does not contain any biogenic carbon.

Biogenic carbon content (kg C / FU)

Biogenic carbon content in the product (at the gate) 204.43

Biogenic carbon content in accompanying packaging (at the gate) 0

INFORMATION ON CARBON OFFSETTING

Carbon offsetting is not allowed in the EN 15804 and hence not taken into account in the calculations.

ADDITIONAL OR DEVIATING CHARACTERISATION FACTORS

The characterisation factors from EC-JRC were applied. No additional or deviating characterisation factors were used.

DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIABILITY

Nailed cross laminated timber can be produced in a thickness range of 115 – 345 mm.
The reference product of this B-EPD is a nailed CLT with 7 layers and 161mm, composed of 7 wood layers of 22.7 mm, and 6
assemblings with nails.
The main difference between the products with different thickness is the number of wood layers and assemblings with nails.
The entire range of products can use the results from this B-EPD, using a linear conversion factor.

5
DATA
SPECIFICITY
The data used for the LCA are specific for this product which is manufactured by a single manufacturer in a single production site
(Stabilame).

PERIOD OF DATA COLLECTION

Manufacture-specific data have been collected for the year 2019.

INFORMATION ON DATA COLLECTION

No adaptations of the data were found necessary.

DATABASE USED FOR BACKGROUND DATA

Ecoinvent version 3.6 was used, released in September 2019.

ENERGY MIX
The Belgian energy mix is considered for the manufacturing and the installation of the product in the building.
The benefits beyond the system boundaries (module D) are assessed based on the Belgian energy mix.

PRODUCTION SITES
Stabilame – Mariembourg, Belgium.

SYSTEM BOUNDARIES

Beyond the
Construction
Product stage Use stage End of life stage system
installation stage
boundaries
Construction installation

Operational energy use

Operational water use

Recycling-potential
Waste processing

Reuse-Recovery-
Raw materials

Refurbishment
Manufacturing

Deconstruction
Replacement
Maintenance

demolition
Transport

Transport

Transport

Disposal
Repair
stage

Use

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 C1 C2 C3 C4 D

☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒ ☒

X = included in the EPD

MND = module not declared

6
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS PER 1M3 OF NAILED CLT

Construction
Production Use stage End-of-life stage
process stage

D Reuse, recovery,
recycling
B4 Replacement
A1 Raw material

B2 Maintenance

Deconstruction /
B6 Operational

B7 Operational
Refurbishment
manufacturing

A5 Installation

C2 Transport
A2 Transport

A4 Transport

C4 Disposal
energy use

processing
demolition
B3 Repair

C3 Waste
water use
B1 Use

C1
A3

B5
GWP total
(kg CO2 0.00E+0
-8.43E+02 7.32E+00 1.89E+02 5.10E+00 2.28E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.15E+00 3.50E+00 5.65E+02 1.88E+02 -3.25E+01
equiv/FU) 0

GWP fossil
(kg CO2 0.00E+0
7.27E+01 7.32E+00 2.14E+01 5.10E+00 2.28E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.15E+00 3.50E+00 1.94E+00 0.00E+00 -3.22E+01
equiv/FU) 0

GWP
biogenic 0.00E+0
(kg CO2 -9.17E+02 5.13E-04 1.67E+02 3.57E-04 3.50E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.07E-05 2.46E-04 5.63E+02 1.88E+02 -1.37E-01
0
equiv/FU)

GWP luluc
(kg CO2 0.00E+0
1.60E+00 5.80E-05 4.94E-02 4.04E-05 2.51E-04 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.65E-05 2.78E-05 6.74E-04 0.00E+00 -2.22E-01
equiv/FU) 0

ODP
(kg CFC 11 0.00E+0
6.61E-06 1.70E-06 4.20E-06 1.18E-06 2.08E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.57E-07 8.13E-07 2.52E-07 0.00E+00 -5.27E-06
equiv/FU) 0

AP
(kg SO2 0.00E+0
5.07E-01 2.00E-02 6.05E-02 1.39E-02 7.79E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.79E-03 9.56E-03 2.27E-02 0.00E+00 -8.70E-02
equiv/FU) 0

EP -
freshwater 0.00E+0
(kg (PO4)3- 1.03E-02 4.36E-06 5.00E-04 3.03E-06 1.50E-06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.95E-07 2.09E-06 1.16E-05 0.00E+00 -1.53E-03
0
equiv/FU)

EP - marine
(kg (PO4)3- 0.00E+0
1.28E-01 5.30E-03 1.84E-02 3.69E-03 2.74E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.35E-03 2.54E-03 1.10E-02 0.00E+00 -3.06E-02
equiv/FU) 0

EP -
terrestrial 0.00E+0
(kg (PO4)3- 1.35E+00 5.85E-02 2.21E-01 4.08E-02 3.00E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.68E-02 2.80E-02 1.18E-01 0.00E+00 -3.35E-01
0
equiv/FU)

POCP
(kg Ethene 0.00E+0
6.89E-01 1.70E-02 5.65E-02 1.19E-02 8.25E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.03E-02 8.16E-03 2.91E-02 0.00E+00 -1.26E-01
equiv/FU) 0
 ADP
Elements 0.00E+0
(kg Sb 6.06E-05 2.61E-07 5.06E-06 1.82E-07 2.17E-06 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.02E-08 1.25E-07 6.93E-06 0.00E+00 -5.49E-06
0
equiv/FU)

ADP
fossil fuels 0.00E+0
9.00E+02 1.04E+02 8.33E+02 7.22E+01 2.23E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.58E+01 4.97E+01 2.64E+01 0.00E+00 -7.84E+02
(MJ/FU) 0

WDP (m³
water eq
deprived 0.00E+0
1.24E+01 -2.28E-02 7.82E+00 -1.59E-02 3.79E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.07E-03 -1.09E-02 -1.42E+00 0.00E+00 -5.58E+00
/FU) 0

GWP total = total Global Warming Potential (Climate Change); GWP-luluc = Global Warming Potential (Climate Change) land use and land use change; ODP = Ozone Depletion Potential; AP = Acidification Potential for Soil
and Water; EP = Eutrophication Potential; POCP = Photochemical Ozone Creation; ADPE = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Elements; ADPF = Abiotic Depletion Potential – Fossil Fuels; WDP = water use (Water (user)
deprivation potential, deprivation-weighted water consumption)

RESOURCE USE
Production Construction process Use stage End-of-life stage

Deconstruction
B7 Operational
B6 Operational
Refurbishment
A5 Installation

Replacement

C2 Transport
A4 Transport

Maintenance
manufacturing

C4 Disposal
/ demolition
energy use

processing
A2 Transport

B3 Repair

C3 Waste
water use

D Reuse,
recovery,
recycling
B1 Use

C1
B2

B4

B5
material
A1 Raw

A3

PERE
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 1.01E+02 1.04E-01 3.18E+02 7.27E-02 4.40E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.72E-02 5.00E-02 6.87E-01 0.00E+00 -2.18E+01
0 0
value)
PERM
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 4.64E+03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0 0
value)
PERT
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 4.74E+03 1.04E-01 3.18E+02 7.27E-02 4.40E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.72E-02 5.00E-02 6.87E-01 0.00E+00 -2.18E+01
0 0
value)
PENRE
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 1.09E+03 1.01E+02 8.83E+02 7.06E+01 2.20E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.55E+01 4.85E+01 2.79E+01 0.00E+00 -8.46E+02
0 0
value)
PENRM
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.57E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0 0
value)

8
PENRT
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 1.09E+03 1.01E+02 8.92E+02 7.06E+01 2.20E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.55E+01 4.85E+01 2.79E+01 0.00E+00 -8.46E+02
0 0
value)

SM 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
(kg/FU) 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0 0

RSF
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0 0
value)
NRSF
(MJ/FU, net 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
calorific 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
0 0
value)

FW
(m³ water 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
3.99E-01 6.65E-05 2.34E-01 4.63E-05 7.67E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.42E-05 3.18E-05 -2.74E-02 0.00E+00 -1.57E-01
0 0
eq/FU)

PERE = Use of renewable primary energy excluding renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERM = Use of renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PERT = Total use of renewable primary energy resources;
PENRE = Use of non-renewable primary energy excluding non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRM = Use of non-renewable primary energy resources used as raw materials; PENRT = Total use of non-renewable primary
energy resources; SM = Use of secondary material; RSF = Use of renewable secondary fuels; NRSF = Use of non-renewable secondary fuels; FW = Net use of fresh water

9
WASTE CATEGORIES & OUTPUT FLOWS

Construction process
Production Use stage End-of-life stage
stage

B6 Operational energy

C3 Waste processing
B7 Operational water

C1 Deconstruction /

D Reuse, recovery,
B5 Refurbishment
B4 Replacement
B2 Maintenance
A5 Installation

C2 Transport
A4 Transport
A3 manufacturing

C4 Disposal
demolition
A1 Raw material

B3 Repair

recycling
B1 Use

use

use
A2 Transport

Hazardous waste
disposed 9.47E+00 3.27E-03 2.92E-01 2.27E-03 7.46E-03 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.97E-04 1.56E-03 1.88E+00 0.00E+00 -2.43E-01
(kg/FU)

Non-hazardous
waste disposed 3.79E+01 3.61E-02 3.51E+00 2.51E-02 7.70E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.63E-03 1.73E-02 8.69E-02 0.00E+00 -2.77E+00
(kg/FU)

Radioactive waste
disposed 4.36E-03 7.52E-04 7.85E-03 5.23E-04 9.50E-05 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.14E-04 3.60E-04 1.59E-04 0.00E+00 -5.19E-03
(kg/FU)

Components for re-

use 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
(kg/FU)

Materials for
recycling 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 9.05E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 3.48E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
(kg/FU)

Materials for energy

recovery 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.85E+01 0.00E+00 1.55E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.16E+02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
(kg/FU)

Exported energy
heat 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.85E+02 0.00E+00 1.47E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 2.96E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
(MJ/FU)

Exported energy
electricity 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 7.46E-01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.51E+01 0.00E+00 0.00E+00
(MJ/FU)
IMPACT CATEGORIES ADDITIONAL TO EN 15804
Construction
Production Use stage End-of-life stage
process

B4 Replacement
A1 Raw material

Deconstruction /
B2 Maintenance

B6 Operational

B7 Operational
Refurbishment
manufacturing

A5 Installation

C2 Transport
A2 Transport

A4 Transport

C4 Disposal
energy use

processing
demolition
B3 Repair

C3 Waste
water use

D Reuse,
recovery,
recycling
B1 Use

C1
A3

B5
PM
0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
(disease 1.69E-05 4.49E-07 2.55E-06 3.13E-07 1.34E-07 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.51E-07 2.15E-07 3.09E-07 0.00E+00 -1.40E-06
0 0 0 0
incidence)

IRHH
(kg U235 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
4.41E+00 4.57E-01 9.24E+00 3.18E-01 7.56E-02 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 6.90E-02 2.19E-01 1.53E-01 0.00E+00 -5.86E+00
eq/FU) 0 0 0 0

ETF 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0

(CTUe/FU) 2.18E+03 4.17E+01 4.09E+02 2.90E+01 5.98E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 5.36E+00 2.00E+01 2.21E+01 0.00E+00 -2.94E+02
0 0 0 0

HTCE 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0

1.12E-07 5.67E-10 5.37E-09 3.95E-10 1.00E-09 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 1.59E-09 2.72E-10 3.06E-09 0.00E+00 -7.89E-09
(CTUh/FU) 0 0 0 0

HTnCE 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0

2.55E-06 6.70E-08 2.18E-07 4.67E-08 1.17E-08 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 8.28E-09 3.21E-08 2.37E-07 0.00E+00 -2.35E-07
(CTUh/FU) 0 0 0 0

Land Use
Related
impacts 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0 0.00E+0
2.20E+04 2.58E-01 1.88E+02 1.79E-01 -2.16E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 0.00E+00 4.51E-02 1.23E-01 2.96E+00 0.00E+00 -2.26E+04
(dimension 0 0 0 0
less)
HTCE = Human Toxicity – cancer effects; HTnCE = Human Toxicity – non cancer effects; ETF = Ecotoxicity – freshwater; (potential comparative toxic unit)
PM = Particulate Matter (Potential incidence of disease due to PM emissions );
IRHH = Ionizing Radiation – human health effects (Potential Human exposure efficiency relative to U235 );
Environmental impact categories explained

The global warming potential of a gas refers to the total contribution to global Warming resulting from
the emission of one unit of that gas relative to one unit of the reference gas, carbon dioxide, which is
assigned a value of 1.

It is split up in 4:

- Global Warming Potential total (GWP-total) which is the sum of GWP-fossil, GWP-biogenic and
GWP-luluc
- Global Warming Potential fossil fuels (GWP-fossil) : The global warming potential related to
greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to any media originating from the oxidation and/or reduction
of fossil fuels by means of their transformation or degradation (e.g. combustion, digestion,
landfilling, etc).
Global Warming Potential
- Global Warming Potential biogenic (GWP-biogenic) : The global warming potential related to
carbon emissions to air (CO2, CO and CH4) originating from the oxidation and/or reduction of
aboveground biomass by means of its transformation or degradation (e.g. combustion,
digestion, composting, landfilling) and CO2 uptake from the atmosphere through photosynthesis
during biomass growth – i.e. corresponding to the carbon content of products, biofuels or above
ground plant residues such as litter and dead wood.1
- Global Warming Potential land use and land use change (GWP-luluc): The global warming
potential related to carbon uptakes and emissions (CO2, CO and CH4) originating from carbon
stock changes caused by land use change and land use. This sub-category includes biogenic
carbon exchanges from deforestation, road construction or other soil activities (including soil
carbon emissions).

Destruction of the stratospheric ozone layer which shields the earth from ultraviolet radiation harmful
to life. This destruction of ozone is caused by the breakdown of certain chlorine and/or bromine
Ozone Depletion
containing compounds (chlorofluorocarbonsor halons), Which break down when they reach the
stratosphere and then catalytically destroy ozone molecules.

Acid depositions have negative impacts on natural ecosystems and the man-made environment incl.
Acidification potential
buildings. The main sources for emissions of acidifying substances are agriculture and fossil fuel
combustion used for electricity production, heating and transport.

The potential to cause over-fertilisation of water and soil, which can result in increased growth of
biomass and following adverse effects.

It is split up in 3:

Eutrophication potential - Eutrophication potential – freshwater: The potential to cause over-fertilisation of freshwater,
which can result in increased growth of biomass and following adverse effects.
- Eutrophication potential – marine: The potential to cause over-fertilisation of marine water,
which can result in increased growth of biomass and following adverse effects.
- Eutrophication potential – terrestrial: The potential to cause over-fertilisation of soil, which
can result in increased growth of biomass and following adverse effects.

Photochemical ozone Chemical reactions brought about by the light energy of the sun creating photochemical smog. The
creation reaction of nitrogen oxides with hydrocarbons in the presence of sunlight to form ozone is an
example of a photochemical reaction.

Consumption of non-renewable resources, thereby lowering their availability for future generations.
Expressed in comparison to Antimonium (Sb).
Abiotic depletion potential
for non-fossil ressources The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

Measure for the depletion of fossil fuels such as oil, natural gas, and coal. The stock of the fossil fuels
is formed by the total amount of fossil fuels, expressed in Megajoules (MJ).
Abiotic depletion potential
for fossil ressources The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

The impacts of chemical substances on ecosystems (freshwater).

Ecotoxicity for aquatic fresh
water The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

Human toxicity The impacts of chemical substances on human health via three parts of the environment: air, soil and
(carcinogenic effects) water.

1Carbon exchanges from native forests shall be modelled under GWP - luluc (including connected soil emissions, derived products or residues), while their CO2
uptake is excluded.
 The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

Human toxicity (non- The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
carcinogenic effects) these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

Particulate matter Accounts for the adverse health effects on human health caused by emissions of Particulate Matter
(PM) and its precursors (NOx, SOx, NH3)

Accounts for water use related to local scarcity of water as freshwater is a scarce resource in some
regions, while in others it is not.
Resource depletion (water)
The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

This impact category deals mainly with the eventual impact on human health of low dose ionising
Ionising radiation - human radiation of the nuclear fuel cycle. It does not consider effects due to possible nuclear accidents,
health effects occupational exposure nor due to radioactive waste disposal in underground facilities. Potential
ionising radiation from the soil, from radon and from some construction materials is also not
measured by this indicator.

The indicator is the “soil quality index” which is the result of an aggregation of following four aspects:
- Biotic production
- Erosion resistance
- Mechanical filtration
- Groundwater
Land use related impacts The aggregation is done based on a JRC model. The four aspects are quantified through the LANCA
model for land use.

The results of this environmental impact indicator shall be used with care as the uncertainties on
these results are high or as there is limited experienced with the indicator.

13
DETAILS OF THE UNDERLYING SCENARIOS USED TO CALCULATE THE IMPACTS

A1 – RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY B – USE STAGE (EXCLUDING POTENTIAL SAVINGS)

The wood used for the manufacturing of nailed CLT presents 13% If installed correctly according to the manufacturers’ and
of humidity, and comes from local sustainably managed forests. suppliers’ guidelines, nailed cross-laminated timber products
Co-products during manufacturing are counted in this module and need no further maintenance, repair, replacement or
represent 18.2% of wood input. Part of this wood is used to refurbishment during the full life span of the product. If the product
produce wooden briquettes as a co-product. Thus, the impacts is applied following the installation instructions, the life span of
are economically allocated based on market prices. 100 years is applicable.
Aluminium nails coming from Germany are used to assemble the
wooden boards. 1% Aluminium nails losses during manufacturing C: END OF LIFE
are counted in this module. After a service lifetime of 100 years, the building is stripped for
recoverable materials and products, and the remaining
A2 – TRANSPORT TO THE MANUFACTURER construction subsequently refurbished. The product can be
Wood and nails are transported by truck, mass-based. Default removed separately from the parts of the construction. The
Ecoinvent 3.6 data were used, considering 50% of “Transport, valuable sorted materials are 75% recycled and 25% incinerated
freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, euro5 {RER}| transport, freight, according to Belgium default End of Life Scenario for non treated
lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO5|Cut-off,U” and 50% of “Transport, wood.
freight, lorry 16-32 metric ton, euro6 {RER}| transport, freight,
lorry 16-32 metric ton, EURO6|Cut-off,U”. C1: dismantling does not require any electricity or other materials;
C2:default scenario from NBN/DTD B 08-001:2017;
A3 – MANUFACTURING C3: impacts of sorting and 25% of the product which is incinerated
The manufacturing is composed of sawn, plan mills, machining, (efficiency higher than 60%)
and assembling processes. The nailed CLT is packed. C4: -

Electricity is considered for all processes without any Module C2 – Transport to waste processing
discrepancy. Production steps of nailed CLT are modelled using Density Assumption
Type of Capacity
overall electricity consumption and heat from wood. of s
vehicle Distanc utilisatio
Process product
(truck/boat e (km) n
s
Packaging used is polyethylene film, supplied from Belgium by / etc.) (%)
(kg/m3)
truck 7.5-16 metric ton, mix euro5 and euro6. The packaging is Transport,
not compulsory, depending on needs, weather, distances, etc. An freight,
lorry 16-32
average packaging given by Stabilame is considered. metric ton, Sorting 30 85%
470 Empty
kg/m3 return 30%
mix euro5
A4 – TRANSPORT TO THE BUILDING SITE and euro6
{RER}
Fuel type and consumption of vehicle or Truck 16-32 ton Transport,
vehicle type used for transport Mix Euro5 and Euro6 freight,
Distance lorry 16-32
80 km Incineratio 470 Empty
metric ton, 100 85%
n kg/m3 return 30%
mix euro5
Capacity utilisation (including empty and euro6
returns) Default values from Ecoinvent 3.6
{RER}
Bulk density of transported products
470 kg/m3
End-of-life modules – C3 and C4
Volume capacity utilisation factor Parameter Unit Value
Default values from Ecoinvent 3.6
Wastes collected separately kg 1
Wastes collected as mixed construction waste kg
The transport scenario is modelled based on the Belgium market.
The primary data is given by Stabilame and takes into account Waste for re-use kg
the average distance of Belgium sales. Waste for recycling kg 0.75

Waste for energy recovery kg 0.25

A5 – INSTALLATION IN THE BUILDING
At the construction site, packaging materials are treated at the Waste for final disposal kg
end of life according to the NBN/DTD B 08-001:2017. Also, 10%
of screw losses have been taken into account in this module. D – BENEFITS AND LOADS BEYOND THE SYSTEM
BOUNDARIES
Parts of the
installation
quantity Description 75% of the product is recycled. The benefits and loads are
Process necessary
considered as beyond the system boundary and calculated in
The energy needed for the electric module D.
for the installation of 0.0031kWh/m2
drill
the product 25% of the product is incinerated. The benefits of energy recovery
Process necessary are considered in module D. Credits are assigned to power and
for the installation of 0.0441hr/m2 Crane
the product
heat outputs using the Belgian grid mix and thermal energy from
natural gas. The latter represents the cleanest fossil fuel and
Fixation materials 0.175 kg/m2 Screws in electrogalvanized steel therefore results in a conservative estimate of avoided burdens.
For regional efficiencies and heat-to-power output ratios, 25,56%
Material losses 10% The quantity of screw losses is considered for avoided heat from natural gas, and 13% is
assumed for electricity production.
Packaging 0.035 kg/m2 PE film waste treatment at EoL
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON RELEASE OF DANGEROUS SUBSTANCES
TO INDOOR AIR, SOIL AND WATER DURING THE USE STAGE

INDOOR AIR
Not applicable as this product is not in contact with indoor air.

SOIL AND WATER

Not applicable as this product is not in contact with water and soil.

DEMONSTRATION OF VERIFICATION

EN 15804+A2 serves as the core PCR

Independent verification of the environmental declaration and data according to standard EN ISO 14025:2010

Internal ☐ External☒

Third party verifier: Evert Vermaut

Vinçotte
Jan Olieslagerslaan 35 B-1800 Vilvoorde
[email protected]
November 2020

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON REVERSIBILITY

Reversibility - reversible with light repairable damage (screws, bolts and dowels)
Simplicity of disassembly - complex - requires specific tools and/or several workers
Speed of disassembly - very speedy disassembly
Ease of handling (size and weight) - handling requires mechanical devices
Robustness of material (material - the material resists well during disassembly
resistance to disassembly)
BIBLIOGRAPHY

• A. Knox and H. Parry-husbands, “Workplaces : Wood = A report prepared for,” no. February, 2018.
• CEN-TC88, 2017, EN167783
• Certificate n° BE/11/03/20/99-BE-FW
• ISO 14040:2006: Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Principles and framework.
• ISO 14044:2006: Environmental Management-Life Cycle Assessment-Requirements and guidelines.
• ISO 14025:2006: Environmental labels and Declarations-Type III Environmental Declarations-Principles and procedures.
• J. Dixon, “The Economics of Wheat,” pp. 9–22, 2007.
• M. Hughes, “Competitive wood-based interior materials and systems for modern wood construction,” no. February, 2017.NBN/DTD
B 08-001:2017 and complementary rules
• NBN EN 15804+A2:2019
• NBN/DTD B 08-001 (BE-PCR)
• Stabilame Environmental Product Declaration Background Report Cross Laminated Timber, August 2020, Loos-en-Gohelle, by
WeLOOP.
• PEFC Certification: PEFC/07-32-181/2
 General information
Owner of the EPD, Stabilame
Responsible for the data, LCA and information Zoning Industriel – 5 Karting Street
B-5660 Mariembourg
Belgium
Tel : 003260310064
Mail : [email protected]

EPD program B-EPD

Program operator Federal Public Service of Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment
Publisher of this EPD Victor Hortaplein 40 bus 10
1060 Brussel
België
www.environmentalproductdeclarations.eu

Contact programma operator [email protected]

Based on following PCR documents EN 15804+A2:2019

NBN/DTD B 08-001 and its complement

Federal Public Service of Health and Environment & PCR Review

PCR review conducted by committee

Dr Carolina SZABLEWSKI
Author(s) of the LCA and EPD Dr Naeem ADIBI
WeLOOP – [email protected]

Environmental Product Declaration Background Report Cross

Identification of the project report
Laminated Timber V2.7

Verification External independent verification of the declaration and data according

to EN ISO 14025 and relevant PCR documents

Name of the third party verifier Evert Vermaut Vinçotte

Date of verification 01/12/2020

www.b-epd.be www.environmentalproductdeclarations.eu

Comparing EPDs is not possible unless they are conform to the same PCR and taking into account the building context.
The program operator cannot be held responsible for the information supplied by the owner of the EPD nor LCA practitioner.

Building calculator of the Federal Public Service of Health,

regional authorities Food Chain Safety and
Environment

LCA practitioner www.totem-building.be www.b-epd.be

Digitally signed by Dieter

)De Lathauwer (Signature