microorganisms

Editorial
Biological Control of the Plant Pathogens
Rainer Borriss 1,2, * and Chetan Keswani 3, *

1 Institute of Biology, Humboldt University, 10115 Berlin, Germany

2 Institute of Marine Biotechnology e.V., 17489 Greifswald, Germany
3 Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, 44090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
* Correspondence: [email protected] (R.B.); [email protected] (C.K.)

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Control of the Plant Pathogens.)
The ultimate effects of crop losses manifest in the form of insufficient food production
and chronic hunger. The gravity of this issue is rapidly being amplified by the rises in
urbanization, climate change, and emerging pests and pathogens, and the deterioration of
soil health. As an environmentally friendly alternative to chemical pesticides, microbial
biocontrol agents (BCAs) have attracted global attention due to their ability to ensure
food security by directly halting pre-harvest crop losses and, thereby, improving crop
productivity [1]. Despite the substantial progress achieved in our understanding of plant
microbe interactions in recent years, developing more efficient BCAs remains a constant
task. The current advances in biocontrol science and technology and the avenues for future
research are reflected in the contributions presented in this Special Issue. These can be
categorized as follows:
(i) Management strategies for major soilborne pathogens in crops: Ma et al. (contribution 1)
review tomato production systems and their challenges. He et al. (contribution 2)
have optimized Metarhizium robertsii fermentation broth for the efficient manage-
ment of wolfberry root rot. Fuller et al. (contribution 3) author an informative
review on the beneficial and pathogenic microbiota associated with the common alder
(Alnus glutinosa).
(ii) Biocontrol potential of novel volatile compounds and defense inducers: Recent research
has revealed that, besides antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), other natural compounds
are involved in biocontrol action. Two examples are given in this Special Issue.
Hernández et al. (contribution 4) characterize 65 potential VOCs of the Kosakonia cowanii
Citation: Borriss, R.; Keswani, C. Cp1 strain and demonstrate their role in the effective biocontrol of various econom-
Biological Control of the Plant ically important phytopathogens. Tripathi et al. (contribution 5) explore defense
Pathogens. Microorganisms 2023, 11, inducers, including salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, benzothiadiazole, and lysozymes,
2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/ as prophylactic and curative sprays for inducing resistance in tomato plants against
microorganisms11122930 Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis.
Received: 4 December 2023
(iii) Exploring the biocontrol potential of novel microbial isolates and genetically engineered strains:
Accepted: 5 December 2023 Bacillus velezensis FZB42 is known as a prototype for Gram-positive plant-beneficial
Published: 6 December 2023 bacteria, able to produce durable endospores and suppress plant pathogens [2]. The
potential of a novel isolate of B. velezensis, strain BV01, as a broad-spectrum BCA
against various fungal phytopathogens was assessed (contribution 6). In addition to
B. velezensis, other representatives of the Bacillaceae family, isolated from Vietnamese
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. crop plants, contain a rich spectrum of compounds efficient against plant pathogens.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Numerous members of the B. cereus species complex have been comprehensively
This article is an open access article
investigated for the occurrence of the biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved
distributed under the terms and
in the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Antimicrobial peptides, efficient against
conditions of the Creative Commons
pathogenic fungi and nematodes, and entomocidal crystal proteins have been detected
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
and partially characterized using mass spectrometry (contribution 7). Moreover,
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
genome mining in plant-associated Brevibacilli and Lysinibacillus spp. has revealed
4.0/).

Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2930. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11122930 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms

Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2930 2 of 3

36 novel BGCs, not present in the MIBiG data bank, which could be developed as next-
generation biocontrol agents (contribution 8). Novel fungal isolates, efficient against
grapevine phytopathogens, are described (contribution 9). Interestingly, fungal strains
isolated from overwintered tar spot stromata could serve as potential BCAs against
tar spot disease in corn (contribution 10). Cui et al. (contribution 11) have engineered
an Escherichia coli strain to express jasmonic acid carboxyl methyl transferase that
catalyzes the conversion from jasmonic acid to methyl jasmonate and demonstrate its
biocontrol potential in the management of fungal smut disease.
(iv) Formulation technology: Lin et al. (contribution 12) comment on the recent progress
in developing “green” adjuvants used for formulating long-living BCAs compatible
with chemical pesticides.
Together, the articles published in this Special Issue give an insight into recent and
future trends in the development of more powerful and reliable BCAs, and will contribute
to sustainable agriculture.

Author Contributions: Conceptualization, R.B. and C.K.; writing—original draft preparation, R.B.
and C.K.; writing—review and editing, R.B.; funding acquisition, R.B. And C.K. All authors have
read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding: The research of R.B. on this topic was supported through the project ENDOBICA by the
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) (grant no. 031B0582A/031B0582B). C.K.
gratefully acknowledges support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian
Federation project on the development of the Young Scientist Laboratory (no. LabNOTs--21--01AB,
FENW-2021-0014) and by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of the Southern Federal
University (Priority 2030).
Acknowledgments: The editors express sincere gratitude to all the authors and reviewers for their
excellent contributions to this Special Issue. Additional thanks to the Microorganisms Editorial Office
for their professional assistance and continuous support.
Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interests.
List of Contributions:
1. Ma, M.; Taylor, P.W.J.; Chen, D.; Vaghefi, N.; He, J.-Z. Major Soilborne Pathogens of Field Pro-
cessing Tomatoes and Management Strategies. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 263. https://doi.org/
10.3390/microorganisms11020263.
2. He, J.; Zhang, X.; Wang, Q.; Li, N.; Ding, D.; Wang, B. Optimization of the Fermentation
Conditions of Metarhizium robertsii and its Biological Control of Wolfberry Root Rot Disease.
Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2380. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102380.
3. Fuller, E.; Germaine, K.J.; Rathore, D.S. The Good, the Bad, and the Useable Microbes within the
Common Alder (Alnus glutinosa) Microbiome—Potential Bio-Agents to Combat Alder Dieback.
Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2187. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11092187.
4. Hernández Flores, J.L.; Martínez, Y.J.; Ramos López, M.Á.; Saldaña Gutierrez, C.; Reyes, A.A.;
Armendariz Rosales, M.M.; Cortés Pérez, M.J.; Mendoza, M.F.; RamírezRamírez, J.;
Zavala, G.R.; et al. Volatile Organic Compounds Produced by Kosakonia cowanii Cp1 Iso-
lated from the Seeds of Capsicum pubescens R&P Possess Antifungal Activity. Microorganisms
2023, 11, 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102491.
5. Tripathi, R.; Vishunavat, K.; Tewari, R.; Kumar, S.; Minkina, T.; De Corato, U.; Keswani, C. De-
fense Inducers Mediated Mitigation of Bacterial Canker in Tomato through Alteration in Oxida-
tive Stress Markers. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2160. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms1
0112160.
6. Huang, T.; Zhang, Y.; Yu, Z.; Zhuang, W.; Zeng, Z. Bacillus velezensis BV01 has Broad-Spectrum
Biocontrol Potential and the Ability to Promote Plant Growth. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2627.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112627.
7. Vater, J.; Tam, L.T.T.; Jähne, J.; Herfort, S.; Blumenscheit, C.; Schneider, A.; Luong, P.T.;
Thao, L.T.P.; Blom, J.; Klee, S.R.; et al. Plant-Associated Representatives of the Bacillus cereus
group are a Rich Source of Antimicrobial Compounds. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2677.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11112677.
Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2930 3 of 3

8. Jähne, J.; Le Thi, T.T.; Blumenscheit, C.; Schneider, A.; Pham, T.L.; Le Thi, P.T.; Blom, J.; Vater, J.;
Schweder, T.; Lasch, P.; et al. Novel Plant-Associated Brevibacillus and Lysinibacillus Genomo-
species Harbor a Rich Biosynthetic Potential of Antimicrobial Compounds. Microorganisms
2023, 11, 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11010168.
9. Mannerucci, F.; D’Ambrosio, G.; Regina, N.; Schiavone, D.; Bruno, G.L. New Potential Biological
Limiters of the Main Esca-Associated Fungi in Grapevine. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 2099.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082099.
10. Johnson, E.T.; Dowd, P.F.; Ramirez, J.L.; Behle, R.W. Potential Biocontrol Agents of Corn Tar Spot
Disease Isolated from Overwintered Phyllachora maydis Stromata. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1550.
https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061550.
11. Cui, G.; Bi, X.; Lu, S.; Jiang, Z.; Deng, Y. A Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli for Potential
Utilization in Fungal Smut Disease Control. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 1564. https://doi.org/
10.3390/microorganisms11061564.
12. Lin, F.; Mao, Y.; Zhao, F.; Idris, A.L.; Liu, Q.; Zou, S.; Guan, X.; Huang, T. Towards Sustainable
Green Adjuvants for Microbial Pesticides: Recent Progress, Upcoming Challenges, and Future
Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023, 11, 364. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11020364.

References
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