Answer

Problems Tutorial 1 on -

1
t =

(b) ,
/ * =

(2) , (*) =

())

( ! 20)
m =

def(M) = I I f

< - 2 O

8 O 3

I 1 -

6 - 0 -

1(3 -

0) + 1/0 - 0)
=
-

9 0

As def/M) # 0
,
vectors are LI
.

(b) 14) = (1) 0 13 ,

10) = D- 20 of

IX) = (0 -
1 1 -

1)) ,
13) = (0-1 01)"

As 19) = <
,
14) + <10) + Cs/X) ,
they
are
lineally dependent . (2) = 1 , 42 = -),
63 =
0
 ( (
2(a) A I * O I
O

·
I

10

def/A -61) = 0

=>

I P31
0 I -
O

B
I = O

=> -
> /x -
0) + 0 + 1(1 - 0) = 0

=
-

y3 + 1 = 0

=> > = I

=>6 1 -2 cube roots

=
,
w
,
-
of
unity.

w = i

= Bi

Alti( = 3D ( , ) 1
Now ,

O O

For O
O =
 -(i) =

(i)
/1)
=> (p =

-(ii)() w()
- = w

(a) w(c)
=>
=

C
=>
= -

N =
w b

=> W "a =
wb
=> a = b

b = wa -1 - Bia
=>
=

-
 (iii
: Ita)
=

similarly
, is)
it i
Rank =
3 (No of ·

non-zero 63
A =

188i)
I O
+ A >
- Not
Kernition

(8) ! (
A = I o o ↓
O *

-
I

(o oi)
oo
↓
I
-
3 Unit
y
=
I
 =
(b).

def (B-D]) = 0

I I
=> I -

600

t-
O -O

E
O d
-
-

=> x = 5 0 1
,
,

(i) fi e
Eigenates

(i)
 Rank = I

S
(
+

↓
B =

Also not
unitary as
13/ = 1 .

( (
[C = / * O

·
- I
O

1 I
1 -
1 ↳ ①

· =
0

①
- - >
=> 6 1
Hi,
= o
,

(i) ii) /
Eigen vectors :

Rank = 2

A +# A >
-
not-lemittan

AA I not .
+ >
-
unitary
3k) (X) = -i < 1) - 2 (2) + i <3)

< 1) 2(3)
(B) = =

(b) << (p) = (i < 1) -

2 <2) + i <31)
[i/1) +
2(3))
=
- i
<(1) + 2i < 3137

- 1 + Zi

< p1C) = (- i < ) + 2 <31) /i (i) - 2/2) -

i(b))
= - i (11) -

2i(3(3)
*
= 1 -
zi =
(c(p)

(c)

(
A
% Is
&
= H

2 : >
-
Not
Hermition .

- I O - Zi
9 .

Sli <3.
YIi ) =
1 1 + i
(modulod)
& (i) =
e II :
11 + i (modulo)

d 2
(a) =
,

* (1) = 1 1 + 1/mude to 2))

=
12)
* (2) =
11 + 2 (modulo 2))
= (1)

(ii)
Y =

E11) = e ** 11 + 1 module i))

=
e
* (2)
iπ
I e (2)
2/27 I
. 211> modelo
2)
Zi
I e 11)

( & (ii
iπ
z I O e =

Zui
O
e

,
* (D) = / / + 1 md 3)
=
12
*( 2) =
11 + 2 mod 3)
=
(3)

Y /3) = 1 1 )

( C
* O I O

-086 I
 >
2πF 1 -

= (i) = e
-

3
127
2π/3
I e (2)

2(2) I e 3πi/37
2π :
2(3) I e /17

2iY3

( &
E I
O e ①

O
4 +
/y
* e
2
e O ①

<

(b) .
(i)
ZπF1 i
=

Y(e a 11 + i
(md)d))
= e "I1 + (1 + i (md)d) mid d)
 Ex (i)
N

2
= 1 1 + i (mod)d)
2iFF111 + i(mod) d)
-
-°-

11
=
d
e + (1 + i (med)d)
mod d)
%
* Eli7

: [ *, ] =
x - =

t O

(C). d =
2

--

**
'

12/1 =
2 I + (I + ((mod) 2)
mid2)
= "11 + 1md 27
I
eπi/2)
24 :
E(2)
-

X = e / I+ 0 mid27
- 2 (i)
 (b)
: x2 =
-

1[md > 2)
EY(1 =
=
* 12

= 22πi(2)
Y (2) = e
2 (mod
(1e 2)
=
eπ"(1)

C
Zi
ZY
d
.: I O ·

πi
e
 -3(x- 02
"Ae
6(a)
So dx = 1

Let u = n - 2
=
du = di U = -0 to 0
, .

:
S "Ae-budu = 1
- A

~
I A π = I
-

-
I A -

me -bluedi
(b > (n) =

As
a) e - but n
A (n
= +

[SOne-Su f
on
d du
7
-

=
A e

=
A(0 +

a = a
 -
b(x -

a
Af
< 2)
2
= m

A du

ne-buda
+
J
za
+
argo on-but t
=

A[t + 0 +

x]
a
Ta
= +

2 = (2) -
<x)2
a al
=
et
-

-it
(A)
⑮
= - =
(a) f(x)
a
A

N a

7(a) Eigen -
values
↑

I I
a -
1 O b

O L -
3 O = O

b 0 and

-
(a -

x)( -

3)(a 3) -
+ 0 + b/0 -
b( -

3)
= O

=> (c >)/( 3)
- -
-

b2) = 0

=>6 = c
,
a 16 .

Eightes
(i) ( ! ) (i)
:
(b)

( 3
M = O /E /F

I O O

O If - 1/2

det(M) = 1 => vectors are

#o Orthogonal

Alternatively ,
check

< /Y ; ) = Sij

.
8 (2 ),
=
1

< elec
= $1du =

: (ei
=
(2z) = x

ceilez) =

find o
'=
Cezlez)
= I'm do
=
us
-
I E
-

: Leit =
22
(23) =

<e ! (c) =

+j'u2 du
=

ceiles) =

E' us de

:
les") =
(es) -

Eli
-
=
Lesle , ) =

-
-
<2 - 1) du

C E+
-

I
-

E M E =
= -
+

Ki 1)
=

/n
: = -

(n2 2) -

43
(2) =

Leilen) =

S'usd
Leilen) =

E a de
=
Les'leub = 'Eu5 -Em3) de = O

- I

len" ) 121)
=
-

Ceciles) lea' >

= - m

3x
-

Leiles"
= '(m -In) "dn
=

[ 23m -

+ u is
E 2 8
= -
+

| ei =

E / -2) -

((za3 -)
-