Impression Theories

Complete Removable Dental Prosthesis
Theories of Impression Making
Dr. Mohammad Sartaj Khan

Theories of Imprssion Making 1
Impressions of Edentulous jaws
Contents:
• Classification of impressions
• Material & technique used
• Purpose of impression (tray used & type of impression
and material)



Theories of Impression
Depending on theories of impression
A. Muco-displacive Impression or
Definite Pressure Theory:
Records the oral tissues in

a functional and displaced form
Materials used: Impression compound

Waxes

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory
• Oral soft tissues are resilient rebound

Tissue rebounding Denture displacement
• During function, the constant pressure exerted onto the soft tissues
limit the blood circulation accelerating ridge resorption
• Dentures often resulted in good initial retention but eventually bone
resorption and loose dentures.

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory
• This technique is used for preliminary impression making as it gives a

positive peripheral seal and tissues are recorded in function.
• Amount of pressure applied is for short duration and the areas can be
relieved during the final impression

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory:
No evidence to indicate that one technique produces better long-term

results than other
The choice is made by the dentist on the basis of the:

• Oral conditions
• Concept of the function of the tissues surrounding the denture
• Ability to handle the available impression materials

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory:
• Bite rims with uniform occlusal surfaces are then made.

• Areas to be relieved are softened.
• Impression is inserted in mouth and held under biting pressure for
one or two minutes.
• Borders molded by asking patient to perform functional movements.

1. Depending on theories of impression
B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression :
• Made with the oral mucosa & jaws in a normal,

relaxed condition.
• Made with an oversized tray.
• Tray border moulding is not thoroughly done.
• Impression material of choice: Impression plaster
• Main advantage of this technique is its high regard
for tissue health & preservation.

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression :
• Compound impression is made.

• Tray spacer is adapted
• Special tray is adapted over the cast with spacer.
• Impression made with a free flowing material
with little pressure
• Escape holes are made for escape of excess
impression material

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression .(conti-):
Retention: Mainly due to interfacial surface tension.
Denture will be closely adapted to the mucosa of the denture bearing

area(DBA) but with poor peripheral seal.
Denture will be stable but with poor retention

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression .(conti-):
Demerits:
• Short denture borders are readily accessible to the tongue which
might provoke irritation.
• Short flanges may reduce support for the face.
• Lack of border molding reduces effective peripheral seal

C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):
• Principle – mucosa over the ridge is best

able to withstand pressure mucosa covering
midline is thin and has
little sub-mucosal tissue.
• Forces from CD are confined

to the stress-bearing areas.


• Impression is made to extend over as much DBA as possible without
interfering with the limiting structures at function.
• Forces from CD are confined to the stress-bearing areas.



Classification of Impression
2. Depending on the Technique:
A. Open- mouth impression technique
B. Closed- mouth impression technique

A. Open- mouth Impression Technique:
• Tray carries the chosen impression material into the desired contact
with the tissues with the mouth remaining open and without applied
pressure.
• Made with tray held by dentist and mouth open.
• Muscle movements may be emphasized and can be seen by the
operator.

A. Open- mouth Impression Technique:
• Provides clearance for the tissues that are pulled over the edges of
the dentures as in function of speech.
• Develops a contour of impression surface which is in harmony with
the relaxed supporting tissues, and which may be out of perfect
adaptation with these tissues when CD is subjected to occlusal
loading.

B. Close- mouth Impression Technique:
Rationale: Supporting tissues are recorded

in a functional relationship.
• Requires occlusal rims to be made

• Border molding done and final
impressions made.

• The patient is asked to close on the occlusal rims

• Clearance is made for the various freni
• To form peripheral borders patient can manipulate his tissues by;
- closing
- grimacing
- sucking
- swallowing


3. Depending on the Impression tray type:
• Stock tray
• Custom tray

A. Stock trays:
• Some dentists use a stock tray.
• Impression material used include;
- Alginate
- Impression plaster or
- Impression compound.
• Impression is generally overextended and serves as primary
impression.

B. Custom Tray:
• Made on casts obtained by pouring primary impressions.
• Special tray is tried-in the mouth and modified.
• Final impressions made using border tracing material and then a
paste (ZOE or other paste impression material

4. Depending on the purpose of impression:
A. Diagnostic
B. Primary
C. Secondary

A. Diagnostic
• To prepare a diagnostic cast.
• Used for study purposes like measuring
the undercuts, selecting path of insertion
• Made as a part of treatment plan and to
estimate the amount of pre-prosthetic surgery
• Articulate the casts using tentative JRs and
evaluate the inter-arch space.

B. Primary
• Made for the purpose of diagnosis or for the

construction of a tray.
• Needs at least 5mm clearance between the

stock tray and the ridge.

B. Primary
Material used:
• Impression compound
• Alginate
• Impression plaster
• Tray can be extended

using modelling wax.

C. Secondary
It involves:
• Fabrication of special tray on the patient jaw cast.
• Adjustment of special tray & its border moulding.
• Developing the peripheral border seal & PPS.
• Making the wash impression.

Beading and Boxing

Beading and Boxing

Beading and Boxing

Beading and Boxing

Beading and Boxing

Beading and Boxing
•The End

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Complete Removable Dental Prosthesis

Theories of Impression Making

Dr. Mohammad Sartaj Khan

Theories of Imprssion Making 2

Theories of Imprssion Making 3

Theories of Imprssion Making 4

Records the oral tissues in

Materials used: Impression compound

Theories of Imprssion Making 5

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory

• Oral soft tissues are resilient rebound

Theories of Imprssion Making 6

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory

• This technique is used for preliminary impression making as it gives a

Theories of Imprssion Making 7

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory:

No evidence to indicate that one technique produces better long-term

The choice is made by the dentist on the basis of the:

Theories of Imprssion Making 8

A. Muco-displacive Impression or Definite Pressure Theory:

• Bite rims with uniform occlusal surfaces are then made.

Theories of Imprssion Making 9

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression :

• Made with the oral mucosa & jaws in a normal,

Theories of Imprssion Making 10

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression :

• Compound impression is made.

Theories of Imprssion Making 11

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression .(conti-):

Retention: Mainly due to interfacial surface tension.

Denture will be closely adapted to the mucosa of the denture bearing

Denture will be stable but with poor retention

Theories of Imprssion Making 12

B. Mucostatic or Passive Impression .(conti-):

Theories of Imprssion Making 13

C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):

• Principle – mucosa over the ridge is best

• Forces from CD are confined

Theories of Imprssion Making 14

C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):

Theories of Imprssion Making 15

C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):

Theories of Imprssion Making 16

C. Selective Pressure Impression (Boucher):

Theories of Imprssion Making 17

A. Open- mouth impression technique

B. Closed- mouth impression technique

Theories of Imprssion Making 18

A. Open- mouth Impression Technique:

Theories of Imprssion Making 19

A. Open- mouth Impression Technique:

Theories of Imprssion Making 20

B. Close- mouth Impression Technique:

Rationale: Supporting tissues are recorded

• Requires occlusal rims to be made

Theories of Imprssion Making 21

B. Close- mouth Impression Technique:

• The patient is asked to close on the occlusal rims

Theories of Imprssion Making 22