Mark Scheme (Results)

Summer 2017

Pearson Edexcel GCE

in Chemistry (8CH0) Paper 2
Core Organic and Physical
Chemistry
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Summer 2017
Publications Code 8CH0_02_MS_1706
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2017
General marking guidance

 All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must

mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the
last.
 Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be
rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
 Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according
to their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
 There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme
should be used appropriately.
 All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the
answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also be
prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response is not
worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
 Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
 When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be
consulted.
 Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 Mark schemes will indicate within the table where, and which strands
of QWC, are being assessed. The strands are as follows:

i) ensure that text is legible and that spelling, punctuation and

grammar are accurate so that meaning is clear
ii) select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose
and to complex subject matter
iii) organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist
vocabulary when appropriate
Using the mark scheme

Examiners should look for qualities to reward rather than faults to penalise. This does NOT mean giving credit for
incorrect or inadequate answers, but it does mean allowing candidates to be rewarded for answers showing correct
application of principles and knowledge. Examiners should therefore read carefully and consider every response: even if it
is not what is expected it may be worthy of credit.

The mark scheme gives examiners:

 an idea of the types of response expected
 how individual marks are to be awarded
 the total mark for each question
 examples of responses that should NOT receive credit.

/ means that the responses are alternatives and either answer should receive full credit.
( ) means that a phrase/word is not essential for the award of the mark, but helps the examiner to get the sense of the
expected answer.
Phrases/words in bold indicate that the meaning of the phrase or the actual word is essential to the answer.
ecf/TE/cq (error carried forward) means that a wrong answer given in an earlier part of a question is used correctly in
answer to a later part of the same question.
Candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark. Make sure that the answer makes sense.
Do not give credit for correct words/phrases which are put together in a meaningless manner. Answers must be in the
correct context.

Quality of Written Communication

Questions which involve the writing of continuous prose will expect candidates to:
 write legibly, with accurate use of spelling, grammar and punctuation in order to make the meaning clear
 select and use a form and style of writing appropriate to purpose and to complex subject matter
 organise information clearly and coherently, using specialist vocabulary when appropriate.
Full marks will be awarded if the candidate has demonstrated the above abilities.
Questions where QWC is likely to be particularly important are indicated (QWC) in the mark scheme, but this does not
preclude others.
Question
Answer Mark
Number
1 1. The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because fluorine is very electronegative and has a suitable lone pair of
electrons for hydrogen bonding.

C is not correct because has hydrogen bonding; compare with water.

D is not correct because alcohols can hydrogen bond; compare with water.

(Total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
2 2. The only correct answer is C (1)

A is not correct because it has a similar shape to water.

B is not correct because it has a trigonal planar shape; resulting from the lone pair and two
groups of electrons in the two double bonds.

D is not correct because it is planar but not linear.

(Total for Question 2 = 1 mark)

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(a) example of calculation (4)
 moles of CO2 /moles of C (1) moles of CO2 = 3.143/44 (= 0.07143/0.071)
= moles of C

 moles of H (1) moles of H2O = 1.284/18 (= 0.07133)

moles of H = 2 x moles of H2O = 0.1427

 empirical formula (1) C:H = 0.07143:0.1427 = 1:2

hence C1H2 or CH2

allow TE from first and/or second mark

point(s)
Allow any workable calculation

Ignore SF in intermediate stages of calculation

Award 3 marks for correct C:H ratio, with or

without working.
 calculates molecular formula C6H12 (1) 84/14 = 6
6 x CH2 = C6H12
Mark independently of M1, M2, M3
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(i) example of calculation (3)
use of Q= m c T

Q = 250 x 4.18 x 8.2

 calculation of Q (1) = 8569 (J) / 8.569 kJ
ignore any sign at this stage

 mass of hydrocarbon burnt and value of  cH (1) = 112.990 – 112.732

= 0.258 g

cH = (-) 8569 x 84/0.258

= (-) 2789907 (J mol-1) /(-)
2789.907 (kJ mol-1)

TE on incorrect value from M1

 sign and significant figures (1)
= -2790/-2800 (kJ mol-1)

allow -2790000/-2800000 J mol-1

final answer to 2 or 3 sig figs only

Do not award M3 for incorrect

method used in M2

correct final answer without working

scores 3
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
3(b)(ii) an answer that makes reference to the following point: Allow copper is a good conductor (of (1)
improved/better (thermal/heat) conduction heat)
Allow reverse argument in terms of
(thermal) insulators
Ignore references to heat capacity/
heat lost to surroundings/ heat
absorbed by container.
Ignore any mention of glass
breakage

(Total for Question 3 = 8 marks)

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(a) C10H18O (1) Ignore C10H17OH (2)

154 (g mol-1) (1) no TE on incorrect molecular

formula except for C10 H17OH

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(b)(i) furthest peak to right/ highest m / z = 154 Ignore just ‘ highest peak’ (1)

may be shown on spectrum alone

provided 154 stated

Allow parent ion/molecular ion/last

peak at 154

Must see the figure 154 in text or on

graph

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(b)(ii) C5H9+ / [C5H9]+ + charge is essential, allow charge (1)
anywhere on the ion/ outside /
inside brackets
Allow displayed/structural/skeletal
formula or any combination of
these.
Ignore name of ion even if incorrect
(Correct name: 2-methylbut-2-ene
ion)
Question
Answer Acceptable Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(c) alkene and can be in either order (2)
C=C and
(IR) peak between 1669 and 1645 (cm-1 )

OR
alkene and
C-H and Allow CH (bond)
(IR) peak between 3095 and 3010
OR 3095 and 2995 (cm-1 ) (1)

alcohol and Ignore any qualification of the

O-H and wavenumber range eg isolated
(IR) peak between 3750 and 3200 (cm-1 ) (1) alcohol or phenol

Allow Hydroxyl
Do not award Hydroxide
Allow OH (bond)
Do not award –OH /–O–H

If both bonds missing and

everything else correct, award 1
mark

Ignore all references to alkanes

Allow single IR value or range within

the data book range
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(d) An answer that makes reference to the following points: Allow alkene and alcohol (4)
in either order.
No TE for other groups
incorrectly identified in 4c
or alkanes
Result dependent on
correct test for both
functional groups

Alkene

 bromine water/Br2(aq)/bromine (1) allow acidified potassium

manganate/KMnO4.
 decolorised or orange/yellow/brown to colourless (1) Decolourised (from
purple)
Alcohol

 PCl5/phosphorus pentachloride /phosphorus(V)chloride (1)

allow (warm with)
 Misty/steamy/white fumes (1) acidified Cr2O72-
turns from orange to
green / blue
If name and formula,
both must be correct

sodium (metal)
effervescence
OR
any other workable test
and correct result
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
4(e) 2 (1) Note: this must be a (2)
whole number

number of C atoms in geraniol = 10, C atoms in isoprene = 5, Allow answers using C

(10/5 = 2) (1) chain length ie isoprene =
4, geraniol = 8

Ignore number of
hydrogens in both
isoprene and geraniol

Do not award answers

using Mr
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
(4)
4(f) accept displayed/structural/skeletal formulae

Allow 2 marks for 4 different and correct

monobromo isomers
one mark for each structure Allow 1 mark for 2/3 different and correct
monobromo isomers
Zero for 1 monobromoisomer
accept correct enantiomers (provided both C=C
bond react)
Deduct one mark only for use of HCl
Deduct one mark for (any number of) missing
hydrogens

(Total for Question 4 = 16 mark)

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(a) an answer that makes reference to the following point: temp and pressure need not be (1)
s.t.p. or r.t.p.
volume/space occupied by one mole of a gas at a
specified temperature and pressure/rtp/stp/standard ignore just reference to
conditions 22.4 or 24 dm3

Ignore units of volume, if given.

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b)(i) example of calculation (2)

(% volume uncertainty =)1% (1) 0.5 cm3 in 50 cm3

% uncertainty = 0.5 x 100 = 1%
50

(% mass uncertainty =)1/1.1/1.09/1.08696 % (1) mass of gas = 107.655 – 107.563

= 0.092 g
uncertainty = 0.0005 x 2
0.001 g in 0.092 g
% uncertainty = 0.001 x 100
0.092
= 1/1.1/1.09/1.08696 %

Ignore uncertainties added together

Do not award calculation of

uncertainty in each mass reading
(often added together +1) eg
0.0004644 + 0.0004648 + 1 =
1.000928
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b)(ii) an answer that makes reference to the following points: (2)

halves the % volume uncertainty /0.5 cm3 in 100 cm3 = TE for answer to (b)(i) ÷ 2
0.5% (1)

(volume of gas is doubled so mass of gas doubles), % TE for answer to (b)(i) ÷ 2

mass uncertainty (also) halves. (1)

Allow 1 mark for both uncertainties

decrease

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b)(iii) example of calculation (2)

 mass of gas and expression for molar mass (1) mass of gas =
107.655 – 107.563 = 0.092 g
and
molar mass = 0.092 x 24000 /50
= 44.16

Allow any other correct alternative

calculation

TE from M1 to M2 for incorrect mass

 molar mass to 2 or 3 SF and correct units (1) only

44.2/44 g mol-1
Correct answer to 2/3 SF
with/without working gets 2 marks
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(b)(iv) an explanation that makes reference to the following Mark independently (2)
points:

 plunger does not return (to zero/original position)

when released (1)

 molar mass will decrease because ‘air’ has a lower There must be some reference to air
molar mass (than 44/carbon dioxide) (1)

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
5(c) An answer that makes reference to the following Points to be marked independently (2)
points:

 the calculated molar mass would be greater (1) Standalone mark

 at a lower temperature there would be more Do not award for answers that refer
molecules/moles/mass in the same volume to smaller volume
/density is greater. (1)
Ignore smaller molar volume
Ignore particles/molecules/atoms
closer together
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
5(d) an answer that makes reference to the following point: (1)

water (vapour) would decrease/affect molar mass Ignore gas may dissolve in water
OR
gas is now a mixture so would decrease/affect molar Do not award water may react with
mass gas in syringe
Do not award wet gas is heavier

Ignore answers that refer to molar

volume

(Total for Question 5 = 12 marks)

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
*6(a) This question assesses a student’s ability to show a Guidance on how the mark scheme (6)
coherent and logically structured answer with linkages should be applied:
and fully-sustained reasoning.
Marks are awarded for indicative content and for how The mark for indicative content should
be added to the mark for lines of
the answer is structured and shows lines of reasoning.
reasoning. For example, an answer
The following table shows how the marks should be with five indicative marking points that
awarded for indicative content. is partially structured with some
Number of indicative Number of marks awarded linkages and lines of reasoning, scores
marking points seen in for indicative marking 4 marks (3 marks for indicative content
answer points and 1 mark for partial structure and
6 4 some linkages and lines of reasoning).
5-4 3
3-2 2 If there are no linkages between points,
1 1 the same five indicative marking points
0 0 would yield an overall score of 3 marks
(3 marks for indicative content and no
The following table shows how the marks should be marks for linkages).
awarded for structure and lines of reasoning.
Number of marks awarded In general it would be expected that 5
for structure and sustained or 6 indicative points would get 2
lines of reasoning reasoning marks, and 3 or 4 indicative
Answer shows a coherent points would get 1 mark for reasoning,
and logical structure with 2 and 0, 1 or 2 indicative points would
linkages and fully sustained score zero marks for reasoning.
lines of reasoning
demonstrated throughout. If there is any incorrect chemistry,
Answer is partially structured deduct mark(s) from the reasoning. If
no reasoning mark(s) awarded do not
with some linkages and lines 1
deduct mark(s).
of reasoning.
Comment: Look for the indicative
Answer has no linkages
marking points first, then consider the
between points and is 0
mark for the structure of the answer
unstructured.
and sustained line of reasoning.
*6(a) Indicative content:

 IP1 increase in temperature will increase rate

Decreased yield with no reference to
 IP2 (but) increase in temperature will decrease
exothermic reaction does not get IP2.
yield/move the equilibrium to the LHS/ produce
less SO3 because it is an exothermic reaction Allow increases yield of reactants/SO2
(in the forward direction) and O2 (with reference to exothermic
reaction)

 IP3 increase in temperature increases energy

costs

 IP4 increase in pressure has no effect on rate

(because all the active sites are already
occupied on a heterogeneous catalyst).
OR
increase in pressure will increase rate (of
reaction)

 IP5 increase in pressure will move position of Increased yield with no reference to
eqm to RHS/increase yield because there are number of moles does not get IP5.
less moles/molecules (of gas) on the RHS
Award one mark for IP2 and IP5 if
correct references to yield in both but
reasons not given

 IP6 but increased pressure increases Allow IP3 and IP6 if increased costs of
(construction and running) costs/reduces higher temperature and pressure are
economic viability mentioned together provided that the
temperature costs are linked to energy
costs. Otherwise only IP6 can be
awarded.

Ignore any reference to catalyst

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(b)(i)
(3)

 vertical axis labelled:

H/enthalpy/energy/E (1) Do not award H

Ignore horizontal axis label

Ignore units if given

 level of reactants / 2SO2 + O2 above ignore state symbols even if incorrect

level of products / 2SO3 (1)
  correct profile for uncatalysed reaction allow vertical lines for catalysed and uncatalysed reactions
labelled A to run together

and allow double hump profile

peak lower for catalysed reaction

labelled B (1)

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
6(b)(ii) enthalpy change, rH/H/(-)197(kJ mol-1), shown Ignore presence/absence of arrowheads (2)
correctly (1) Allow a degree of imprecision in the start/finish
points of the lines for H and Ea

Ea shown on double hump profile - shown in this

diagram as Ea1
activation energy, Ea, shown correctly (upper Ignore Ea2 if also shown
diagram) (1)
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
6(c)(i) [SO3]2 Do not award just K or Kp. (1)
(Kc = )  must be square brackets
[O2][SO2]2 do not accept partial pressures
ignore units or lack of units
ignore state symbols
Allow x sign in the denominator but
not +

Question Answer Mark

Number
6(c)(ii) 6(c)(ii). The only correct answer is B (1)

A is not correct because it refers to the inverted expression for Kc

C is not correct because units do not cancel for concentration2/concentration3

D is not correct because it refers to concentration3/concentration or similar ratio of powers

(Total for Question 6 = 13 marks)

Question
Answer Mark
Number
7(a)(i) 7(a)(i). The only correct answer is B (1)

A is not correct because X,Y,Z is chloro/bromo/iodo, and would be for increasing rate not
time taken

C is not correct because Y,X,Z is bromo/chloro/iodo, ie incorrect for rate or time taken

D is not correct because Z,X,Y is iodo/chloro/bromo, also incorrect for either rate or time
taken

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
7(a)(ii) to increase the solubility of / dissolves the Do not award just ‘as a good (1)
halogenoalkane /reactants / so that reactants are solvent’
miscible
Allow cosolvent / as a (good)
solvent for both reactants

Ignore ‘stop formation of layers’

Ignore ‘to allow mixing’

Comment
Water, aqueous silver nitrate and
just silver nitrate are all acceptable
alternatives for the other reactant

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
7(a)(iii) to allow the solutions to equilibrate / reach the same Do not award to keep temperature (1)
temperature /reach 50oC/reach the required constant
temperature Ignore references to reaction rates
Ignore reference to fair test
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(a)(iv) an explanation that makes reference to the following (2)
points:

 (the halogenoalkane is) hydrolysed by water (1) reward recognition of reaction with
water
Do not award reaction with OH-

 C- Hal bond breaks (heterolytically producing ions) Comment

(1) Must be clear that the C-Hal bond is
breaking. Allow statements like ‘the
halogen ion / halide breaks off’

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
7(a)(v) Ignore previous workings. Mark the (1)
Ag (aq) + Cl (aq) 
+ 
AgCl(s) final equation.
Do not award uncancelled
spectator ions
Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(b)(i) (1)

Graph: both axes labelled and graph

Do not award 1-bromo-2-methylpropane without [ ]
covering at least half the grid in
Do not award just ‘concentration/mol dm-3’
both directions. (1)
Allow ‘concentration of 1-bromo-2-methylpropane/mol dm-3’
Units required on both axes
Accept / between label and mol dm-3 or (mol dm-3)

Non-linear scale on either axis loses M1 and M2 but can get

M3 for a smooth curve based on their points
 Reversed axes loses M1 only
points plotted correctly Accuracy  ½small square
(1) Do not award dot-to-dot lines
smooth line of best fit
(1)

Question
Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
line drawn as tangent to curve at time 100 s. (1) (3)
7(b)(ii)
gradient= (-)3.3 x10-4
(allow range (-)2.5 x10-4 to (-)4.5 x10-4) (1) ignore missing negative sign.
Allow any SF except 1
Do not award answers that use only the one
point at 100s
Example 0.0250/100 = 2.5 x 10-4
Do not award for gradient of a straight line
graph
Do not award for gradient as a fraction

mol dm-3 s-1 (1) Allow mol dm-3 /s

Question Answer
Mark
Number
7(c)(i) 1. The only correct answer is D (1)

-
A is not correct because the OH ion is consumed, therefore not acting as a catalyst

-
B is not correct because the OH ion has negative charge and will not act as an electrophile

-
C is not correct because the OH ion does not have a single unpaired electron therefore not a free
radical
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
7(c)(ii) (4)
3
3
  3
3

..

SN2 mechanism
M1, M2 and M4 still available for SN1
mechanism

correct structure of 1-bromo-2-methylpropane (1) TE for any other halogenoalkane, M2, M3 and
M4 still available
dipole on C – Br bond, i.e. + and - (1)

lone pair shown on OH and curly arrow from Lone pair must be located (anywhere) on the
lone pair on OH to correct carbon (1) O atom of the hydroxide ion

curly arrow from C-Br bond to Br and correct

products (1)

Question Acceptable Answer Mark

Number
7(c)(iii) 7(c)(ii). The only correct answer is D 1

A is not correct because addition involves the joining together of two molecules to make a bigger one

B is not correct because elimination involves the loss of a small molecule during the reaction

C is not correct because there are no changes in oxidation number

(Total for Question 7 = 18 mark)
Question Acceptable Answer
Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(a) CH2OHCH2CH2OH/ H H H (1) allow displayed / skeletal formula (2)
l l l allow OH undisplayed
HCCCH If more than one formula given for a
l l l molecule, both must be correct
O H O
l l Penalise C–H–O only once
H H Do not penalise bond to H of
pendent OH
Do not award C
CH2OHCHOHCH3/ H H H (1) l
l l l H
HCCCH l
l l l O
O O H
l l
H H Ignore names even if incorrect
Penalise missing alkane H once only
Do not award missing H from OH

Allow formulae of propane-1,1-diol

or propane-2,2-diol

Do not award for other diols

Question Acceptable Answer Mark
Number
8(b)(i) 8(b)(i). The only correct answer is A (1)

B is not correct because hydrogen chloride would be lost during heating

C is not correct because reflux is required to ensure complete oxidation

D is not correct because reflux is required to ensure complete oxidation

Question Acceptable Answer Mark

Number
8(b)(ii) 8(b)(i). The only correct answer is B (1)

A is not correct because the correct colour change is reversed

C is not correct because the orange dichromate(VI) ions are reduced to green chromium(III)
ions

D is not correct because the orange dichromate (VI) ions are reduced to green
chromium(III) ions

Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark

Number
8(c)(i) moles of NaOH (2)
18.45 x 0.400/1000 = 7.38 x 10-3/0.00738 (1)

moles of propanedioic acid

7.38 x 10-3/2 = 3.69 x 10-3/0.00369 (1) TE: moles of NaOH/2
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(c)(ii) example of calculation (2)

moles of propanedioic acid in 250 cm3 (1) moles of propanedioic acid

25 x answer to (c)(i) = 25 x 3.69 x
10-3 = 0.09225

mass of propanedioic acid in 250 cm3 (1) 0.09225 x 104

= 9.6/9.59/9.594 (g)

Allow calculation in either order e.g.

calculate mass propanedioic acid in
10.0 cm3 first then x 25

Allow TE from c(i) eg 0.00738 gives

19.188 (g)
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(c)(iii) example of calculation (2)

theoretical yield (1) theoretical yield

15.2 x104/76 = 20.8 g

% yield (1) % yield

answer to c(ii) x 100/20.8
9.594 x 100/20.8 =
46/46.1/46.12/46.13/46.125 (%)

use of 9.6 gives 46.15385

allow any number of sig figs except

one

Correct answer with or without

working scores 2 marks
TE on incorrect theoretical yield and
answer to c(ii)

Both marks will be lost for use of

15.2 as theoretical yield (gives
63.1%)
Question Acceptable Answer Additional Guidance Mark
Number
8(c)(iv) an answer that makes reference to one of the following (1)
points:

 transfer losses Ignore spillage/impure

reactants/incompetence/references
to uncertainties

 incomplete reaction/oxidation/ formation of Ignore other products formed/loss

aldehyde by evaporation

 side reaction(s) Penalise additional incorrect reasons

ie +1 -1 = zero

(Total for Question 8 = 11 marks)

TOTAL FOR PAPER = 80 MARKS

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