Ms 202301 Business U1

INTERNATIONAL AS
BUSINESS
BU01
Unit 1 Business and Markets
Mark scheme
January 2023
Version: 1.0 Final
*231xBU01/MS*
MARK SCHEME – INTERNATIONAL AS BUSINESS – BU01 – JANUARY 2023
Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant
questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the
standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in
this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’
responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way.
As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative
answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the
standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are
required to refer these to the Lead Examiner.
It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and
expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark
schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of
assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination
paper.
Further copies of this mark scheme are available from oxfordaqaexams.org.uk
Copyright information
OxfordAQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for OxfordAQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for
their own internal use, with the following important exception: OxfordAQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is
acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre.
Copyright © 2023 Oxford International AQA Examinations and its licensors. All rights reserved.
2
How to mark
Aims
When you are marking your allocation of scripts your main aims should be to:
• recognise and identify the achievements of students

• place students in the appropriate mark band and in the appropriate part of that mark band (high, low,
middle)
• record your judgements with brief notes, annotations and comments that are relevant to the mark
scheme and make it clear to other examiners how you have arrived at the numerical mark awarded
• put into a rank order the achievements of students (not to grade them – that is done later using the
rank order that your marking has produced)
• ensure comparability of assessment for all students, regardless of question or examiner.
Approach
It is important to be open-minded and positive when marking scripts.
The specification recognises the variety of experiences and knowledge that students will have. It
encourages them to study business in a way that is relevant to them. The questions have been
designed to give them opportunities to discuss what they have found out about business. It is important
to assess the quality of what the student offers.
Assessment Objectives
This component requires students to:
AO1 Demonstrate knowledge of terms, concepts, theories, methods and models to show an
understanding of how individuals and organisations are affected by and respond to
business issues.
AO2 Apply knowledge and understanding to various business contexts to show how
individuals and organisations are affected by and respond to issues.
AO3 Analyse issues within business, showing an understanding of the impact on individuals
and organisations of external and internal influences.
AO4 Evaluate quantitative and qualitative information to make informed judgements and
propose evidence-based solutions to business issues.
3
The marking grids

The specification has generic marking grids for each Assessment Objective that is customised with
indicative content for individual tasks. These have been designed to allow assessment of the range of
knowledge, understanding and skills that the specification demands.
Within each Assessment Objective there are three or four broad levels representing different levels of
achievement. Do not think of levels as equivalent to grade boundaries.
The indicative content gives examples of the kind of things students might do that would exemplify the
level. They are neither exhaustive nor required – they are simply indicative of what would appear at this
level. You will find that they sometimes indicate areas of content that can be handled with increasing
sophistication and subtlety. You will also find statements which only characterise work at the bottom or
top of the range.
Depending on the part of the examination, the levels will have different mark ranges assigned to them.
This will reflect the different weighting of Assessment Objectives in particular tasks and across the
examination as a whole. You may be required to give different marks to bands for different Assessment
Objectives.
Using the grids

These levels of response mark schemes are broken down into levels, each of which has descriptors.
The descriptors for the level show the performance characteristics of the level. There is the same
number of marks in each level for an individual Assessment Objective. The number of marks per level
will vary depending upon the number of marks allocated to the various Assessment Objectives covered
by a particular question.
Having familiarised yourself with the descriptors and indicative content, read through the answer and
annotate it (as instructed below) to identify the qualities that are being looked for and that it shows. You
can now check the levels and award a mark.
Step 1 Determine a level

Start at the lowest level of the mark scheme and use it as a ladder to see whether the answer meets the
descriptors for that level. The descriptors for the level indicate the different qualities that might be seen
in the student’s answer for that level.
When assigning a level you should look at the overall quality of the answer and not look to pick holes in
small and specific parts of the answer where the student has not performed quite as well as in the rest.
If the answer covers different aspects of different levels of the mark scheme you should use a best fit
approach for defining the level and then use the variability of the response to help decide the mark within
the level; eg if the response fulfils most but not all of level 3 with a small amount of level 4 material, it
would be placed in level 3 but be awarded a mark near the top of the level because of the level 4
content.
4
Step 2 Determine a mark

Once you have assigned a level you need to decide on the mark.
It is often best to start in the middle of the level’s mark range and then check and adjust. If there is a lot
of indicative content fully identifiable in the work you need to give the highest mark in the level. If only
some is identifiable or it is only partially fulfilled, then give the lower mark.
The exemplar materials used during standardisation will also help. There will be an answer in the
standardising materials that will correspond with each level of the mark scheme. This answer will have
been awarded a mark by the lead examiner. You can compare the student’s answer with the example to
determine if it is of the same standard, better or worse than the example. You can then use this to
allocate a mark for the answer based on the lead examiner’s mark on the example.
You may well need to read back through the answer as you apply the mark scheme to clarify points and
assure yourself that the level and the mark are appropriate.
In addition to the generic descriptors (presented in bold text), paper-specific indicative descriptors
(presented in plain text) are provided as a guide for examiners. These are not intended to be exhaustive
and you must credit other valid points.
An answer that contains nothing of relevance to the question must be awarded no marks.
Examiners are required to assign each of the students’ responses to the most appropriate level
according to its overall quality, then allocate a single mark within the level. When deciding upon a mark
in a level examiners should bear in mind the relative weightings of the Assessment Objectives and be
careful not to over/under credit a particular skill. For example, in question 12, 13 and 14 more weight
should be given to AO4 than to AO1, AO2 and AO3. This will be exemplified and reinforced as part of
examiner training.
Annotating scripts
You should write a summative comment at the end for each Assessment Objective and indicate the
marks for each Assessment Objective being tested at the end of the answer in the margin in sequence.
It is vital that the way you arrive at a mark should be recorded on the script. This will help you with
making accurate judgements and it will help any subsequent markers to identify how you are thinking.
Please do not write negative comments about students’ work; this is unprofessional and it impedes a
positive marking approach.
5
Section A Total for this section: 17 marks
Question Part Marking guidance Total

marks
1 A product has a high market share in a high growth market. 1
According to the Boston Matrix, this product would be a:
AO1 = 1
Answer: D – Star.

marks
2 Statement 1: market segmentation involves grouping people who 1
share similar characteristics.
Statement 2: secondary marketing research involves collecting AO1 = 1
data first hand.
Choose one option below.
Answer: C – Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.

marks
3 Which of the following is most true of quantitative data in marketing 1
research?
AO1 = 1
Answer: C – It is often expressed as numbers.
6

marks
4 Table 1 shows sales data for all businesses in a market. 2
AO1 = 1
Business Sales ($)
AO2 = 1
Business W 35 m
Business X 32 m
Business Y 28 m
Business Z 33 m
Calculate the percentage market share for Business X.
Market share = Sales of a business/Total market size × 100

• 25% (2 marks with or without working)
• 1 mark for calculating total market size ($128 m)
• 1 mark for 0.25
• 1 mark for correct method ($32 m / $128 m × 100) but
calculation error or 1 mark for stating formula alone
• 0 marks for incorrect calculation
7

marks
5 A start-up business has collected marketing data which has a 3
confidence level of only 68%.
Explain one possible drawback for this business of using this data. AO1 = 1
AO2 = 2
Indicative content
• Confidence levels indicate the likelihood that the result of the

research will fall within two parameters.
• 68% is a low confidence level, which means it is possible the
research results may lack validity.
• A start-up business may make key decisions, for example
pricing, based on research as they have no historical data.
• Making incorrect decisions could result in lower demand/cash
flow issues/business failure.
Credit valid alternative content.
Good response – 3 marks

Response is likely to clearly explain one problem with a 68%
confidence interval in the context of a start-up business.
Reasonable response – 2 marks

Is likely to recognise the limitations of a 68% confidence interval,
but fails to link to a start-up business.
Limited response – 1 mark

Identifies what is meant by confidence intervals, for example
provides a definition.
8

marks
6 Explain how a business acting in a more ethical way might impact 3
on its level of customer retention.
AO1 = 1
Indicative content AO2 = 2
• Being ethical makes making decisions which benefit

stakeholders/based on morals.
• Customers are increasingly concerned with ethical issues.
• By acting in an ethical manner, customer retention could
increase as customers may remain more loyal to the business.
• The business could use this new approach in its
marketing/make it clear during the sales process. This could
encourage customers to use the business again.
• Use of more ethical supply chains, such as Fairtrade, can be
used on its packaging and therefore be clear to customers. This
could encourage customers to repeat purchase.

Response is likely to clearly explain the link between acting in an
ethical manner and the impact to customer retention.

Is likely to recognise an advantage of setting an ethical objective,
but fails to link to improving customer retention.

Identifies what is meant by either customer retention or ethical
issues, for example a definition.
9

marks
7 Explain one benefit to a business of using penetration pricing 3
when entering a competitive market.
AO1 = 1
Indicative content AO2 = 2
• Penetration pricing means setting a low price initially when

entering a market.
• This can help to attract customers, which is important for any
new business, but particularly when entering a competitive
market as it needs to set itself apart from other businesses.
• If the market is competitive, the businesses already in the
market may have loyal customers. By offering a low price, this
could attract customers away from them and towards this
business.
• Once the business has built up customer loyalty, it could later
increase the price and its margins.

Response is likely to clearly explain how penetration pricing can
benefit a business when entering a competitive market.

Is likely to recognise a benefit of using penetration pricing, for
example higher demand, but fail to link to a competitive market.

Identifies what is meant by penetration pricing or a competitive
market, such as a definition.
10

marks
8 Managers have an important role within a business. 3
Explain one way that the actions of managers can improve the
performance of a business. AO1 = 1
AO2 = 2
Indicative content
• Managers in a business are responsible for ensuring how the

business runs, for example they supervise staff.
• Efficiency is making the most of resources within the
business/reducing waste.
• By supervising staff and ensuring all members of staff are
working hard, this can avoid any wasted time.
• They may also set targets for staff to meet, which can motivate
them to work harder and increase efficiency as output will be
maximised.

Response is likely to clearly explain how the actions of managers
can improve the performance of a business.

Is likely to recognise how the actions of managers in a business
could benefit a business, but does not link to business
performance.

Demonstrates knowledge of business performance or managers,
for example a definition.
11
Section B Total for this section: 27 marks

marks
9 Analyse the benefit to a business of having a strong brand in a 9
competitive market.
AO1 = 3
AO2 = 3
AO3 = 3
Examiners are reminded that AO1, AO2 and AO3 are regarded as interdependent. When deciding on a
mark all should be considered together using the best fit approach. In doing so, examiners should bear
in mind the relative weightings of the Assessment Objectives for this question.
Level Marks Descriptor
3 7–9 A good response that focuses on many of the demands of the question
• includes well-focused analysis with logical chains of reasoning
• includes well-focused application to the given context
• shows sound knowledge and understanding of business terminology and
concepts with few, if any, errors
• is well-structured.
2 4–6 A reasonable response which focuses on some of the demands of the

question
• includes reasonable analysis but the analysis might not be fully developed or
may lack some accuracy in places
• includes reasonable application to the given context
• focuses on issues that are relevant to the question, showing satisfactory
knowledge and understanding of business terminology and concepts but
some weaknesses may be present.
1 1–3 A limited response that has little focus on the demands of the question
A limited response with some understanding that may:
• include some limited analysis but lacks focus and development
• include some limited application to the given context
• include some limited knowledge and understanding of business terminology
and concepts but some errors are likely.
0 No credit worthy material.
12
Indicative content
The demands of the question are:
• to analyse the benefit

• of having a strong brand
• in a competitive market.
Indicative content includes:
• A strong brand is an intangible asset to a business. It means that the business will be highly
recognised, for example through a logo.
• In a competitive market, businesses compete on either low price or high quality. A strong brand can
result in a USP which can illustrate high quality. This can help the business to stand out against its
competitors and increase its market share/sales.
• Having a strong brand can often result in high levels of repeat business. This could mean the
business does not have to spend as much on advertising, lowering the costs to the business. In a
competitive market, this additional profit margin could help the business increase its investment into
new products/R&D etc.
• If the business launched a new product, it should be easily recognised and accepted as a result of the
brand, helping it to stand out against the high level of competition with ease.
13

marks
10 Analyse one advantage and one disadvantage of using 9
multi-channel distribution to a retail business.
AO1 = 3
AO2 = 3
AO3 = 3

question
14
Indicative content
• to analyse one advantage and one disadvantage

• to a retail business
• of using multi-channel distribution.
• Multi-channel distribution means utilising more than one channel from the business to the consumers,
for example a physical store, an e-commerce store, an app etc.
Advantages may include:
• The ability to target a number of market segments, for example through the use of e-commerce in
addition to a retail store. This could increase the number of sales/awareness for the business.
• This could help the retail business to remain competitive, as more and more businesses are offering
multi-channel distribution to provide ease for customers.
• If a retail store is out of stock, customers can still access the product via a different channel, which
means the business would not lose the sale.
• The channels can be available at different times, which means the business can make the purchasing
experience more flexible for customers.
Disadvantages may include:
• Multi-channel distribution can result in cannibalisation of sales rather than increasing them. This
would increase costs but not necessarily increase revenue.
• Having a number of outlets can result in differences in the marketing mix, for example different prices.
This can cause irritation and confusion amongst customers.
15

marks
11 In the last 12 months, the three firm concentration ratio in the 9
airline industry has changed from 90% to 70%.
AO1 = 3
Analyse the possible impact of this change on the profits of the AO2 = 3
three largest airlines. AO3 = 3

question
16
Indicative content
• to analyse the impact

• of a changing market concentration ratio
• of the profits of the three largest airlines.
• The change in concentration ratio suggests that there are a larger number of smaller firms in the
market, or that the existing firms in the market have become more competitive and increased their
market share.
• This could result in lower profits for the largest three airlines, because a higher number of airlines in
the market could mean lower sales of tickets and therefore capacity utilisation may fall. Costs would
remain the same (eg fuel, rental of the gate) but revenue would fall, decreasing profits.
• A lower three firm concentration ratio could mean the three largest airlines needs to alter their
marketing strategies in order to attract more customers (eg increase the amount of advertising). This
is likely to increase costs and as they probably have a fixed capacity on each aeroplane, this would
lower profits.
• The increased competition could force the three largest airlines to lower prices to remain competitive.
The lower prices could result in lower profits due to the difficulty of airlines to lower costs.
17
Section C Total for this section: 36 marks

marks
12 A business based in China has decided to launch its product in the 12
USA. It believes that primary marketing research would be a good
method of gathering data to inform its marketing decisions. AO1 = 2
AO2 = 2
Assess the arguments for and against this business using primary AO3 = 3
marketing research and make a judgement. AO4 = 5
Examiners are reminded that AO1, AO2, AO3 and AO4 are regarded as interdependent. When deciding
on a mark all should be considered together using the best fit approach. In doing so, examiners should
bear in mind the relative weightings of the Assessment Objectives for this question. More weight should
therefore be given to AO4 than AO1, AO2 and AO3.
4 10 – 12 An excellent response that focuses fully on the demands of the question

Likely to demonstrate sound, focused analysis and well-supported evaluation:
• includes supported evaluation in a final conclusion and within response
• includes well-focused analysis with clear, logical chains of reasoning
with few, if any, errors
• is well-structured and well-focused on the question.
A complete and coherent overall argument with a clear conclusion. The
conclusion is arrived at through a balancing of arguments, with appropriate
weight given to each argument and to the argument overall. Where there are
crucial arguments, these are distinguished from less crucial ones.
Likely to demonstrate sound, focused analysis and some supported evaluation:
• includes some reasonable, supported evaluation
• includes analysis with some logical chains of reasoning
• includes some good application to the given context
concepts with relatively few errors
• is relatively well-structured and generally focused on the question.
A relatively complete and coherent argument leading to an attempt to
conclude. The content is detailed and correct and most of it is integrated.
There is recognition of arguments and counter-arguments, but balance is not
always present and the weight to be given to each argument is not always fully
clear.
18

question
Some reasonable analysis but generally unsupported evaluation:
• there is likely to be some attempt to make relevant evaluation but this has
little support from arguments or does not address the question as a whole
• includes some reasonable analysis but which might not be adequately
developed or becomes confused in places
• shows satisfactory knowledge and understanding of business terminology
and concepts but some weaknesses may be present.
There is an attempt to answer the question. There is likely to be a conclusion
but it has little support and response may lack balance. The content is largely
correct, though there may be some gaps and lack of detail.
A limited response with some understanding:
• includes no evaluation or attempts evaluation but this is unsupported
• includes some limited analysis but it may lack focus and/or become
confused
• includes some limited application to the given context
• includes some limited knowledge and understanding of business terminology
and concepts but errors are likely.
19
• to develop arguments for and against

• a Chinese business launching its product in the USA
• conducting primary marketing research
• and make a judgement as to whether or not this is an effective method of research for this business.
Indicative content
Possible arguments for:
• Primary marketing research can be tailored to the needs of the business, allowing it to ask specific
questions in relation to its product, increasing the chance of success in the USA.
• It can also provide qualitative data which can help with the design of the product. As this is a new
market, detailed feedback could help the business adapt to suit the needs of American consumers.
• China and America are culturally very different. Specific data from primary marketing research may
assist the business to identify any amends it needs to make to the marketing mix.
• The introduction of technology means primary marketing research can be conducted online more
easily (eg via zoom, online surveys etc) which would be easy to arrange and run from China.
Possible arguments against:
• Primary marketing research is often more costly than secondary, which could be difficult for a
business if it also has high costs associated with entering a new market.
• The USA is a large and diverse market and therefore it is unlikely that the business will be able to
conduct primary marketing research with a big enough sample to be representative enough to support
the business in making decisions.
• Secondary marketing research could allow them to collect information much faster, which could allow
for first mover advantage into the market in the USA.
Overall, it depends on the product that is being sold and the information the business is looking to
achieve from conducting the research. If it requires an adaptation to the market mix, conducting primary
marketing research should allow it to get specific feedback which would help with product decisions.
However, if the business is selling a standardised product, secondary research may be more appropriate
if it is more easily accessible. It may also depend on the budget this business has to conduct the
research.
Credit valid alternative content. No decision is right or wrong but should be assessed on the quality of
argument.
20

marks
13 A private limited company is growing rapidly. It is considering 12
changing to a public limited company.
AO1 = 2
Assess the arguments for and against becoming a public limited AO2 = 2
company and make a judgement. AO3 = 3
AO4 = 5

clear.
21

question
confused
22
• to develop arguments for and against

• a rapidly growing private limited company
• changing to a public limited company
• and to make a judgement.
Indicative content
• Shares can be sold on the stock market which can help raise a large amount of capital quickly. As the
business is growing rapidly, it may need to invest heavily into purchasing materials, marketing, new
stores, etc to support their growth.
• Due to the rapid growth, it is possible the costs may also be rising rapidly. This could result in
negative cash flow (possibility of over trading). Raising a large amount of share capital can help with
this.
• This may be a better option than a loan because it does not have to be repaid. A rapidly growing
business may struggle to make repayments as there will be other demands on its budget.
• Remaining as a private limited company would allow the business to retain control over who
purchases the shares, ensuring the business can focus on its objectives/the rapid growth.
• As a PLC, there may be more pressure to pay dividends, meaning less money to be able to invest into
the company, for example financing future growth.
• A private limited company requires less paperwork than a public limited company which may be
preferable to the business as it is growing quickly so will have a number of other demands to manage.
• As a PLC, public image will be important in order to maintain a high market capitalisation. If
something was to go wrong, this could damage the market capitalisation.
Overall, it may depend on the current cash position of the company. If it needs finance to be able to
support its growth, operating as a public limited company would allow it to do this without getting in to
debt. It may also depend on the reputation of the business. If it is not well known, the shares may
struggle to sell or they may achieve a low price for them on the stock market.
argument.
23

marks
14 Tapas Entrega plc (TE) is a profitable chain of food takeaways. 12
This year, it is facing increasing competition. Should it continue to
pay high dividends to shareholders? AO1 = 2
AO2 = 2
Assess the arguments for and against paying high dividends and AO3 = 3
make a judgement. AO4 = 5

clear.
24

question
confused
25
• to develop arguments for and against whether

• a profitable chain of takeaways
• should continue to pay high dividends to shareholders
• and to make a judgement.
Indicative content
• Dividends to shareholders could increase the share price, which means if it wanted to sell more
shares, it could raise a larger amount of money.
• As Tapas Entrega (TE) are facing increasing competition, it may need to sell more shares. This
money could be invested into improving its service or updating its online platform which could create a
stronger USP. This could help to counter the effects of the higher level of competition.
• Shareholders expect dividends. If they see that the business is profitable but they receive no
dividends, they could sell their shares, causing the value of the business to fall. This could leave it
even more vulnerable to new entrants into the market.
• The threat of the new market entrants may be low to TE as it is a chain, therefore is likely to have high
levels of brand loyalty. The profits could be better distributed to shareholders as an intense marketing
campaign may not be needed.
• With increasing levels of competition, the business may see a fall in sales. If it chooses to pay
dividends to shareholders, it could leave it with no cash reserves and therefore it could run into cash
flow difficulties.
• Rather than paying dividends to shareholders, it may need to invest more money into promotional
campaigns to encourage loyalty and minimise the risk of new competitors in the market.
• If dividends are paid, shareholders may continue to expect dividends, which could cause future
problems for the takeaway as it may struggle to maintain this if sales and profits fall due to the higher
level of competition.
Overall, it depends on the perspective of the shareholders and who they are. If they are prepared to wait
for a return on their investment, they may be happy for the business to invest more into the business to
improve competitiveness. It may also depend on its ability to borrow money, as it may prefer to pay
dividends to keep their shareholders happy and borrow money in order to create new promotional
campaigns etc. It may also depend on whether or not the business are intending on selling more shares
in the future.
argument.
26
Assessment Objective Grid
AO1 AO2 AO3 AO4 Total

Section A
1 1 1
2 1 1
3 1 1
4 1 1 2
5 1 2 3
6 1 2 3
7 1 2 3
8 1 2 3
Section B
9 3 3 3 9
10 3 3 3 9
11 3 3 3 9
Section C
12 2 2 3 5 12
13 2 2 3 5 12
14 2 2 3 5 12
Unit Total 23 24 18 15 80
27

Ms 202301 Business U1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ms 202301 Business U1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Ms 202301 Business U1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

INTERNATIONAL AS

Further copies of this mark scheme are available from oxfordaqaexams.org.uk

• recognise and identify the achievements of students

The marking grids

Using the grids

Step 1 Determine a level

Step 2 Determine a mark

Section A Total for this section: 17 marks

Question Part Marking guidance Total

Question Part Marking guidance Total

Answer: C – Statement 1 is true and Statement 2 is false.

Question Part Marking guidance Total

Question Part Marking guidance Total

Calculate the percentage market share for Business X.

Market share = Sales of a business/Total market size × 100

Question Part Marking guidance Total

• Confidence levels indicate the likelihood that the result of the

Credit valid alternative content.

Good response – 3 marks

Reasonable response – 2 marks

Limited response – 1 mark

Question Part Marking guidance Total

• Being ethical makes making decisions which benefit

Credit valid alternative content.

Good response – 3 marks

Reasonable response – 2 marks

Limited response – 1 mark

Question Part Marking guidance Total

• Penetration pricing means setting a low price initially when

Credit valid alternative content.

Good response – 3 marks

Reasonable response – 2 marks

Limited response – 1 mark

Question Part Marking guidance Total

• Managers in a business are responsible for ensuring how the

Credit valid alternative content.

Good response – 3 marks

Reasonable response – 2 marks

Limited response – 1 mark

Section B Total for this section: 27 marks

Question Part Marking guidance Total

Level Marks Descriptor

2 4–6 A reasonable response which focuses on some of the demands of the

0 No credit worthy material.

The demands of the question are:

• to analyse the benefit

Indicative content includes:

Credit valid alternative content.

Question Part Marking guidance Total

Level Marks Descriptor

2 4–6 A reasonable response which focuses on some of the demands of the

0 No credit worthy material.

The demands of the question are:

• to analyse one advantage and one disadvantage

Indicative content includes:

Advantages may include:

Disadvantages may include:

Credit valid alternative content.

Question Part Marking guidance Total