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MANIPAL UNIVERSITY, MANIPAL


FOURTH SEMESTER M.SC (APPLIED MATHEMATICS & COMPUTING) END SEMESTER
EXAMINATION –MAY 2011
SUB : ADVANCED GRAPH THEORY

(REVISED CREDIT SYSTEM)


Time : 3 Hrs. Max.Marks : 50

Note : Answer any FIVE full questions.

1A. Define an independent dominating set in a graph G. Show that every Claw –
free graph has an independent dominating set of size  (G).

1B. Define the graphs J (v, k,i). Find its order and size. Show that if v  k  i then
J(v, k, i)  J (v, v – k, v – 2k +i)

(5+5)

2A. Let G be a transitive permutations group on V and let x be a point in V.


Then show that G is primitive if and only if Gx is a maximal sub group
of G.

2B. Let D be a directed graph such that the in valency and out valency of any
vertex are equal. Then show that D is strongly connected if and only if it is
weakly connected.

(5+5)

3A. Define Cayley graph and show that the Cayley graph X (G,C) is vertex
transitive.

3B. Let X be a graph on n vertices with connectivity K . Suppose A and B are


fragments of X and A B . If A Bˆ , then show that A B is a fragment.

(5+5)

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4A. Let G be a group and S be a connector set. Show that the C(G,S) is
connected iff S is a generating set G.

4B. Let G be a graph on n vertices columns j1, j2 .........., jk of Q (G) are linearly
independent iff the corresponding edges of G induce acyclic graph.

(5+5)

5A. Define a path a matrix Pn. Let G be a tree with vertex set {1,2, ....,n}. Let Q
be the incidence matrix of G and let Qn be the reduced incidence matrix
obtained by deleting the row n of Q . Show that Qn1 Pn .

5B. Show that the complete graph on n vertices is completely determined by


its eigen values.

(5+5)

6A. Let G be a graph and PG() be the characteristic polynomial of G. Let x1 be


a vertex of degree 1 in G and x2 be the vertex adjacent to x1. Let G1 be the
induced subgraph obtained from G by deleting the vertex x1. If x1 and x2 are
deleted the induced subgraph G2 is obtained. Then show that
PG PG 1 PG 2 .

6B. For n  1, show that the eigenvalues of Pn are


k
2cos , k = 1, 2, ......,n .
n 1

(5+5)

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