AFMG

presents

FMGE SNAPS 6.0

FOR FMGE JULY2023
VOLUME -03

Complied By:-
DR. VIKAS KUMAR
DR. OMKAR S.D. SONAWANE
Team Sparks, AFMG FACULTY MEMBERS
• ORTHOPEDICS
• PATHOLOGY
• MEDICINE
• RADIOLOGY
MEDICINE
ORTHOPEDICS
History
Hugh Owen Thomas-
Father of British
Orthopaedics

Gave Thomas Splint (Femur

fracture)
Thomas Heel

Described Thomas Test

Types of Fractures
 Chauffer's Fracture Side Swipe Injury Pattern/ Baby Car
Night Stick Fracture
(Radial Styloid Process) Fracture
(Ulnar Shaft)
Distal Humerus+ Proximal Ulna+ Radius
fracture

Bumper's Fracture Pott's Fracture

Tibial Lateral Condyle (Bimalleolar) Cotton's Fracture (Trimalleolar)
Fracture
 Aviator's Fracture
(Neck of Talus)

Chance Fracture
Pilon Fracture Aka Seat Belt Fracture
Intraarticular Tibial Jone's Fracture
Fracture (5th Metatarsal Base)

Clay Shovellers
Fracture
Jefferson's Fracture (Spinous process
(C1 arch) of C7) Hangman's Fracture Burst Fracture
 Knuckle Bender
Splint
For Ulnar nerve
injury

Krammer Wire Dennis-Browne Splint Cock-up Splint

Splint (K-wire) Maintains CTEV Radial nerve
injury

Aeroplane Splint
Brachial Plexus Ankle Foot
Milwaukee and Boston's Brace Taylor's Brace Orthosis/Foot
injury
For Scoliosis For T-L spine Drop Splint
Posterior Dislocation of
Hip
Dash Board Injury
FADIR attitude of limb

Anterior Dislocation
of Hip
FABER attitude of
limb
 Central Fracture Dislocation

Avascular Necrosis of
Femoral Head (B/L)

Gallow's/Bryant's Traction
Titanium Elastic Nailing
Femoral Shaft #
System (TENS)
 Ankle Ligaments

Anterior Drawer Test Posterior Drawer Test

For ACL injury For PCL injury

Lachman Test
For ACL injury

Meniscal Injury
Done for MCL and LCL injuries

Pseudofracture/Milkman's # (Looser's Zones)

Seen in Osteomalacia

Trendelenburg Test
Indicates weakness of Gluteus medius
Bohler Brown (BB) Splint and minimus (Hip abductors)
 Congenital Talipes Equinus Club Foot Splint and Shoes
Varus (CTEV)

Developmental Dysplasia of Hip (DDH)

Von Rosen Splint

Pawlik's Harness
 Hyperparathyroidism

Subperiosteal Brown's Tumor

Salt and Pepper Skull Rugger Jersey
Resorption of
Spine
Phalanges

Austin Moore
Prosthesis Thompson's Sudeck's Osteodystrophy
Prosthesis (Reflex Sympathetic
Dynamic Hip Dystrophy)
Screw
 Shoulder Dislocation

Posterior
Anterior Inferior (Luxatio Erecta)
Light Bulb Sign

Recurrent Dislocation
Bankart's Lesion- Anteroinferior
Attitude of Limb
Hill Sach's Lesion- Posterolateral
Dugas Test Tests of Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Hamilton Ruler Test

Hanging Cast
For Humeral Shaft Fracture
 Myositis Ossificans

Gun Stock Deformity

Malunion of Supracondylar Humeral Fracture
 Dupuytren's Contracture
Volkmann's Ischemic Contracture

Lateral Condylar Fracture of

Nursemaid's Elbow (Pulled Elbow)
Humerus
 Posterior
Fracture of distal
dislocation of
1/3rd of radius
ulnar head

Monteggia Fracture Dislocation Galeazzi Fracture Dislocation

Colle's Fracture
Distal Radius #
Dorsal Displacement
Dinner Fork Deformity

Smith's Fracture
Distal Radius #
Ventral Displacement
Garden Spade Deformity
 Scaphoid Fracture
MC site- Waist

Image 2 shows AVN

of proximal part of
Scaphoid

Image 3- Scaphoid
Cast (Glass Holding
Position)

Bennett's Fracture Dislocation

Boxer's Fracture Intra articular # of base of 1st Rolando's Fracture
Neck of 5th Metacarpal metacarpal with subluxation at Comminuted # of base of 1st
metacarpal
Mallet Finger/Baseball Finger

Tinel's Test/Sign
To assess nerve regeneration
Saturday Night/Crutch
/Honeymoon Palsy

Wrist Drop
 Pen Test Pointing Index Test/Sign
Phalen's Test Reverse Phalen's
Test
Egawa Test Froment's Sign/Test (Book/Card Test)
Peripheral Nerve Injuries
 Winging of Scapula
Due to Long Thoracic nerve (Nerve
of Bell) palsy
Serratus anterior muscle is affected

Osteoporosis
Thinned out cortex
Fish mouth vertebra Ankylosing Spondylitis
DEXA Scan- t-score<2.5 B/L Sacroilitis (yellow arrows)
Prone to fractures Spine- Dagger Sign (Orange
arrows)
Bamboo Spine (white arrows)

Facial nerve (Bell's) Palsy

Paget's Disease (Osteitis Deformans)- Picture Frame vertebra, Cotton Wool Skull, Sclerosis
and thickened cortex of bone (Bone within bone app)

Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)

 Brodie's Abscess
Acute Osteomyleitis Chronic Osteomyelitis

Gout
 Giant Cell Tumor
(Osteoclastoma)
Multinucleated Giant Cells in
Histopath
Soap Bubble appearance
Lesion extending up to joints
Unicameral (Simple) Bone Cyst
Fallen leaf sign

Aneurysmal
Bone Cyst
Pott's Spine Pott's Puffy Tumor
(ABC)
Spinal TB Due to Frontal Sinusitis
 Osteosarcoma
Enchondroma Osteochondroma Periosteal Reaction
MC bone tumor of
hand
Ewings Sarcoma

Osteoid Osteoma
Charcots Joints Bone Cutter Bone Nibbler Bone Curette
DM
RADIOLOGY
Normal Chest X-ray (PA view) Normal Abdominal X-ray (PA view)
 Normal Chest X-ray (Lateral view)

Normal CT-Chest
Normal CT Brain
 Pneumomediastinum
Continuous Diaphragm Sign Pneumopericardium
Air around heart, above ribs

Pneumoperitoneum
Cupola Sign (Gas under Diaphragm)
Deep Sulcus Sign Surgical Subcutaneous Emphysema
 Meniscus sign

CT-Chest- Pulmonary Edema

CT-Chest- Pleural Effusion
Due to CHF

Pulmonary Venous Hypertension

Stag Antler's/Reverse Moustache Sign Congestive Heart Failure Kerley Lines
 Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Pulmonary Edema Crazy Pavement Pattern
Bat wing appearance

Hydropneumothorax

Pericardial Effusion
Cardiac Enlargememt
 Lobar Pneumonia
Round Pneumonia Right Upper and Middle Lobar Pneumonia

Lung Abscess
Cavity with air fluid level
Tree in Bud
app

Glove in Hand app

Allergic Broncho Pulmonary Aspergillosis
 Acute Pulmonary Embolism Westermarks Sign (yellow star) and Palla's Sign
Hampton Hump Sign and Fleischner's Sign (black marks), Seen in Pulmo Embolism

Sarcoidosis CT-Chest- Mosaic Pattern

Bilateral Hilar Lymphadenopathy Pulmonary Hypertension
Tuberculosis- Ghon's Focus and Gohn's Complex Ranke's Complex
(TB)

Acute Respiratory Distress

Syndrome (ARDS)
Ground glass opacities

Miliary Tuberculosis Silicosis

Snow Storm appearance Egg Shell Calcification
Snow Storm app
 Pancoast Tumor (P) Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Canon Ball Metastasis Transfusion Related Acute Pulmonary Cavities

Metastasis from RCC, ChorioCarcinoma Lung Injury (TRALI)
USG-Abdomen-Gall Stones Small Bowel Obstruction X-ray and CT-Abdomen

CT Abdomen-Gall Stones Gall Stones- Mercedes Benz

Hepatic Abscess
Sign
USG Abdomen-Starry Sky
appearance Acute Pancreatitis Pancreatic Pseudocyst
Acute Viral Hepatitis

Neurotoxoplasmosis
Xray and MRI Skull- Soap Bubble appearance
IntraCranial Space Occupying Lesion
CNS Crytococcosis
(ICSOL)
 Glioblastoma Multiforme
Brain Abscess

Meningioma Congenital Hip Dislocation

Spondylolisthesis Degenerative Reverse Rim and Rim Sign seen in Renal
Spondylolisthesis Infarction

Ivory Vertebra
Paget's Disease Bremstrahlung Reaction Orthopantomogram
 Seldinger Technique (Used for Angiography)

Fibrous Dysplasia Invertogram Hemangioma

Imperforate Anus Polka Dot and Corduroy/Jail Bar pattern
 Langerhans Cell Eosinophilic Multiple Myeloma- Rain Drop Skull
Histiocytosis (LCH) Granuloma (Multiple lytic lesions)

Osteoporosis Circumscripta Thalassemia Moth Eaten Skull

Paget's Disease Hair on end appearance
Pathology and Medicine
Myelin Figures Hydropic Change/Cloudy Swelling
 Caseous Necrosis (TB)

Fibrinoid Necrosis Barret's Esophagus (Columnar Metaplasia)

Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NET) Apoptotic Bodies
 Von Kossa Black Stain Oil Red O Stain (Orange Red fat
(Calcium black deposit) Globules)

Sudan Black Stain

Fat Globules (Black)

Langhans GiantbCells Lipochrome/Lipofuschin/Wear and tear

Seen in Granulomatous Diseases pigment (brown)
 Perl's Prussian Blue Stain
(Bright blue Iron deposits)

Durck Granuloma Stellate Granuloma

Cerebral Malaria Cat Scratch Disease
Warthin Finkeldey Giant Cells Lupus Erythematosus (LE) Cell
Measles SLE
Granulation Tissue
 Normal Peripheral Blood Smear (PBS) Reticulocytes

Amyloid on Congo Red Stain (Polarized Microscopy)

Amyloid on Congo Red Stain (Red deposits) Apple Green Birefringence
 Bite Cells Spherocytes
Heinz Bodies (Orange) Hereditary Spherocytosis

Auto agglutination Sickle/Crescent Cells

Cold Agglutination Sickle Cell Anemia
 Megaloblastic Anemia Alpha Thalassemia (HbH)
Hypersegmented Neutrophils and Tear
drop cells

Naked Eye Single Tube RBC Osmotic Fragility Aplastic Anemia

Test (NESTROFT) Normal Bone Marrow compared with
No lines in Thalassemia
Classical Reed Sternberg (RS) Cells Owl eye appearance
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Inclusion Bodies

Popcorn RS Cells Lacunar RS Cells

Lymphohistiocytic HL Nodular Sclerosing HL
Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkin's Lymphoma Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)
(CLL)

Plasma Cells Burkitt's Lymphoma

Starry Sky appearance on Bx
 Multiple Myeloma

Flame Cells Mott Cells Dutcher Bodies

Hairy Cells Frieg Egg appearance Thromboangitis Obliterans

Hairy Cell Leukemia (Buerger Disease)
 Giant Cell/Temporal
Arteritis
Bx- Multinucleated Giant
Cells

Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)

Fibrinoid Necrosis with transmural
involvement

Polyangitis with Granulomatosis

(Wegener's Granulomatosis)
Granulomatous inflammation
 Aschoff's Bodies Monckenberg Calcification
Rheumatic Heart Disease Arteriosclerosis

Tree Bark appearance Wavy Myocardial Fibers

Syphilitic Aortitis Myocardial Infarction

Cardiac Myxoma
Curschmann Spirals
Bronchial Asthma

Bronchiectasis Centriacinar Emphysema

Asteroid Bodies
Satcoidosis
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Lung with Keratin Oearls

Miliary
AdenoCarcinoma-In-Situ
Tuberculosis
with lepidic pattern
 Acute Proliferative Anti-GBM Disease Kimmelstein-Wilson
Gloemrulonephritis (IF) Goodpadture's Syndrome Nodules
DM

Membranous IgA Nephropathy Wire Loop Lesions

Glomerulonephritis Berger's Disease Lupus Nephritis
 Malignant Focal Segmental Adult Polycystic Kidney
Nephrosclerosis Glomerulosclerosis Disease

Hexagonal Crystals
Cysteine Stones
Dumbell shaped Crystals Coffin lid shaped Crystals
Calcium Monohydrate Struvite Stones
Stones

Envelope shaped
Irregular shaped
Crystals
Crystals
Calcium Dihydrate
Uric Acid Stones
Stones
Holoprosoncephaly Corpus Callosum Agenesis Ballooned Neurons
Pick's Disease

Naegri Bodies Cowdry A Bodies Spongiform app

Rabies Herpes Encephalitis Prion's Disease

Meningioma
Psamomma Bodies

Hirano Bodies
Alzheimer's Disease
Pseudomembranous Colitis Crohn's Disease (Skip Lesions) Nutmeg Liver

Groundglass Hepatocytes
Viral Hepatitis

Councilman Bodies
Viral Hepatitis

Micronodular Cirrhosis
 Fluid Thrill

Pretibial
Myxedema

Shifting Dullness
 Trousseau Sign
Caprpopedal Spasm
(Chvostek's Sign)
Due to
Hypocalcemia

Myasthenia Gravis
Ptosis

Plexiform
Hoffman's Reflex Neurofibroma Parkinsonism
Festinating Gait
 Patience, Passion and Perseverance
makes a Physician!!

All the Best and Good Luck!!

-Dr. Vikas Kumar

-Dr. Omkar Sonawane
And AFMG Team

Reflexes