clASSMATL

0LUTIoN
CutZn
n2e a mirtur Ca t 5b Hn)
2seCe LPPm t ECo un d ees pzventtuth ecay
7sence l5 Pfm Fion cases tooth to became motled
7Sence ét uigh couc et E ion iA Poiso mBus NaF s

a Pecáoumg
Seluian_ t e ? " ) : - 9 t u a heMBgenbu wature t ttoo o
mez than wo Cempenuks 9H has i tornm Ccipsuhen
ha9heub
veut auponen csw n la:qtz quaur
Sctute: Ceufonew Poese u mallerquanR
u im3 Las o ta
e phyuica) t a e d tHhe 8alukien
Sdvent
Binan gd " has trwo com 5 a e and salveut
lka dSeiskion=-
Tafceukon 3oven Eranple
Gaas ko d- tN
sotao CHcl N2
ligid
Sdid Cauphe N
Donyg.en dinrlved in o
diquid sdakon
Liaid Ehan HO
Slid iguid lacose HO

Gas selid
qid Solid Amalgum 1 Ha Na n

Solid CL isscuedu Au-

 Concentrahons acalehont

aleeiem erpreues aSEven

CEn toraten a
heren day
Maas ercent /
Mar ot the couponen
a Totol a t cl-tle Lolelon
mêy
gluuse el«hien in ater by ay
,
olissaveol 90qh : H,O
9uLES

)Vlume ereet
lume othe oRpoMen 150

mean D
Er1% cHhandsadution n udaker

Antfreezg - 9E lower the nezimq pou f- he

BabstanceE 352 (v/v) Adirion e eHhyleng
yco n waks
he en94ne because at tus concentaatron, the
4reezen9
Ci nc'c)
( as by Velume Pe eceu / v
masby vlune ehec is Lelec n Pharma

ane medicone
he was Saluk aiudved un ls0 m
atHhe satukon
CtV a t er i lion (Pfm)
a h atCoonen
Fm Dta no o all Cofonewh sduhc

c a aler t n t a i n 5 SEP

h U_ coukan O30

10 qm
1030

M 1macren
n0-mrtes iC0Panen;
Mede acien od a Ccufeinent Tan0-0mojer oall
Coufonent.

a8alukom lnavinq ttdo_Coupoqeuk A B

r
A

n a
he3un a mde Amactcen d all co.mponeiuk
kalution a

M Vafame g ofaticn Lenitr

vi)Mdabty)
mo o motes of cotue
 cSSMAte

Mrla rih and Malaliy

o t Mrfa mola iy ú a

teexaun a e valame change

ttth the chang 'cen yemerature
las .
pPm, niate 4naéha nd malaiy
ndependen t Jempenau
*
olub2 l8 ky 91 w he maximum
tha can be disso lved i a&pecitied amount ct Lolve,
ata pecfed teperateae
as
tderend ePeratar
a t a r et salui and Sclvent

9E basbasecl orn_te
Paineible Eke alizsolves Pke' pola 2altetes dove
Paia Sztvents anad m0n-palar Balakes cisalves
Ten pzlar Saluenk:
5adue t satveut Laston
e 8attse_aisaives ae äk Concefraktam ciuCPGSE
CTystallisakm te 7 8eme &alu par eles anhe
&uken Colidecoi t thssali
&ads ParR les as
9e Keparaeq oep lhe_&auon
Dynas EauiUEhaium:
Rae c oisso)hon=Kake a
atuzaed &deion Cysallisaion
nD m 7 e
91as Selaten n tuich a
301ute Can be
oissolveal ceu
cavent eender a q e n amoun
2
aarkela e a temperar
eteck nprae
C 9? dimoiteon PoDc@
2 Satet satvent nodo thermic
t hea =
 coe-HLie inetosc C
hen -hc Aodubiky ncztasies
Qccezolingtoe-chas tlie
k principle
tem hen Lolobi bty
9 disstt) porces. e exoternic
lhave Giy
does mdt
lektpLte oeta
aselid nliqui
Skgiica cllecch on srtecbili
Wgiy_incompzesstble
aSzlid and liquid ax
2elbili a liqidb al
Poeia
Seltbilik u cua ith 1he C u c e a i e u
ceaiu
she 21c gas Pazticle pez zct vrtume
HENRY'sLAR:
in te_
he paztia pzcateze of he ga
vabour phasc C) clloectly botper tlomal stoiHhe
ade rackitn d h e gas () n ae Satukpn

PX
Heny's Ceustaut
0 P lK4 _toheze KA u the
i
Hëgher uthe valee dt K- lacdcr

AucreaaR euteiuP
ich he
S hik is the 2eaien o
armee_Couzortable teu Codd c?aez
auake Lpeies
n n Warm wafer
Applicahea,i Heazy lass-
ootile eeoeoses
ti Sziblih o C O i n Bof daink
hen h"potle &0aled unoer lhigu poedteae
Li Penol

Anpaia
 ASSMAte

Setebilily qectales ët le
caJe
tcp lbecaue 0Lediasolakon atcey
an Cxother mic One

Vapox sun
qenerally heiquid srlven vedatle esota)
h a y nt be volatle Se have tW Hp
shicn
S iquio llqui
Srtils n Bqids
Vapcr uka quid- liauidduiou
tOx a
binay&atieu naving tO0 ComPome
Paztial V p c Component 1
mae ackien

RAOULT'S,LAR
Fora Asduton d velaile
liquid he paztia) Vabaaz
Presr each Compomeu duthe
Xzlukon
dEctly Ptpexticnal b uk mote éaace

V:P_d Pu CofoEvc
Sdve
Zii lay
Pa he V ptere Coponeut 2
Acctrdmg doDalton's Laid d Pezkal f2es tao
hetota P3LwR ota l
gaven b

P ) +P

P t a C-P)
 Ovc heoluhiom Can be 2tateg
h e vofal fog
2 t be
ticzu 2 by ccnsideyisng Copomer
me tlakle -han 1

othSal"
P s i t i c at vapec hase in equil bouum

e Cepo1etd- L_e vaPoe Phae

ta
gn qenera

Heny s a d

Hecoreing t K a o t l a
He'la Ki a
coult's law beeomes a&pecial Case o Henayk
la hen
Sstutio oSatio ndtguids
Shen a mbnr volattle _Srlube aldeo a kaiveny
hen t e v p e he8d" a leder than tho o -
ue dve
 clAsSMAte
tale
Pog

etSctves n the sot

ecease VP n olarle Selabe
Vetakle _Sclae
fepends Qn
te ,sastly t nc
esechvee
espcclh ct ats nau
e e z t a s e e n VP L_mal aE SuqaYR
by adolsmg acing 1
k g coate oecreai, nVPD-Y
mot

cleal sel

Nou- cdeal

Ve leuahen-Ve deuiaha

steal lukon
ae t Aaskens chich zheqie
Kacult' laa erer he enkiR Tange If concentrak
Characteziskies aeal Bol
U No_change A =o
i nleehange in emthalby u_mininq 2 AH =0
( D A B wnterachrane `ame uuaguitade a s A-A a e

No&adukonsex4ecty cdea
Enauples c7 neal cdealKzlLelialu a e
i i2Énzene tToldene.
D ) m- He ane t n-Hepkaus
C bumeethane tchlooeHan

Non-des Saluhew :
- Ebesys the Kaoal t s l a o over entte rauge o
C o n c e u k a h o n
 ciAsSMAt

charactcistic El ne) cd selahen

A 2
Li A- B A-A B B

HC Tle VP 8Ttreo eitheriqes 9 locier tLad

hat ediched by Kaccl1 law.
s ST Fuo typo -(a) tve aeniatan (b -ve deniarah
a ) t vedeniakon
Vf ct Soduten highex thas that prediced by Kaouli
A-B wtezactto is eaxer than_A-A aUd B-

A V20

Pa P
Eramp?e i Etha facetone
i cs and acctone
laenacctone s addee so elano the uutermdleeeas

H-benolssg P2ese en ethand beak aS Lone J Hhe

wueocele
acetone akecral qet du betudeen ihe oBhan
us Hhe esca g endeue is hsghn lioh the y/ i

(b-vc devcat
vP c Cdukon u love han that pzrdicked loy Kaoceit's lad
A - hRTaction s &tanger than A-A 8 - B

vP

oAmnV KO

EKample céPhened auel awine

Cuostcorn acefene
 clAsSMALe
Date
Rae

E Then and aniline. tocos -ve durako

a to
L oecauae the iuterm 3leccalar H- benoliug
otde he plhenotic Parten aud lone Pair on nu tmo,
intermoteal
atom d1 anine Saonger han he

-boning the siple moleoraleg

betdee

Lo 2
zhoos ve dexiahou

9F because CH us a l e J o torm H-bend betoe

h ace ton do
o
cohie the escapaug tenoLn
mblece deercase hd hus V: p deczea&e

CH c:
CHa/ C

Lame
aae_bémary murtuelhavu9 Sam
AzIROPES ueu tae LieuicN and vapeur hai ava boi
Cempesition
a ta constantE temperahre ths utis not Possi
bles t o

separa he CsponenE by fmackona) cisklaken.

D rent azeot azeotpe
Azeotzpe

nimLm boi Limg Maximum baLing

shoDn oy Boluffons sheon by 8oluHions shodsu
hbdiug arge.tve a r g - v e deuiahonu Dm
deniaton m
Rapult lad HND, a o cdae x
g a i -EHhano-dater C8 aHNO 3
Casz o etanri tOby ma diHha
ome) t r m e n d a t a y
ootaime b osilmg Pain o393 5 K
a-SR9a
A-Svcnt B Soe

Crgave Irteris ick dee

a e prrpestiessstkpasHcl
nv
nber
on-Ihe no.

eseckv ef Hhcir_nak clatfve do the-ofal

Pahcls pauen i he satuk
Feur types e coliqakve prtpertes ae.
Kelave ledcng avapee u
e v p ot Suion Puree Satverd-

So AP
-P,
O2 AP
nt72
P

M
Sher wa Mas dsoue
M Salven
- Ma w Ma Modar man d Cglale
M E h Sotve

Elevakep lling -

Vp a iquio jucreases det eucrease n yep

i c h the VP ii equa
Boilimg Poiu s the steup. a
amosphene powAue
hen a' nph-Völaile A31ue_ acloleo yo a Xslveu-
deereasesIn oroder to beilthe Ssluhiem
hen he p

S the bailimg poiu o the Sstukon s always highe

han ha pas Bsvent
 ve

-AT
T
lep

penmeutaly c i l h e Aalukon,e eleraka,

in AT s direc NypPortono) o mola lity
Ssluton
AT m
ATo= m
L alevaton/bp elevakay
ebulioscopi coslau-

XM2

tTAT

K Elevaion tin bailkm paink a 1 molal

Uit-Kmot
R Gjas Caus-
s60X Ava
ME Mar ma Sovou

Vape nsatên
oselyeu
 DEPRESS1ON, IN ERE EZING PON

FP îhe
us temp. a alich pzen Seyer
V p a the Liguio phase ts
Sac a tat inte Betid phae
Lohen a 2011- Vaiakle Astid acbeo
-T
reezes at a lcder feap
So the p ot sduron a l a i
les handhat s h e purSelven

E P Pun Atlvew
S olepsin the 1p AT = If-lp
Fox dluk 8stuts

Al Kp*m hee K,= F:P qleprerdiQn conL

moadefesion Can
Eoscap cou

Ma

Ma AT,
K desinedas he depresion n hefacezin.
mslal srdukan w tas KAg_mo U
pocin 1

RXM, T E ga1 Cau

whee
M Madds mas =
Sovau

zithpy hasien
 clASSMATe

QSMOSIS MOIIK PRESSURE

( Sem mcaole menbnane ) Appean to be a
ConeinsA &hee- 0r il m and Coutains ntwosk
alos he.
Submie >nscoptc nces o r borsa suich
Small Satvo inatecales sto pam -hrugh uút bu himdens

Pauage sf bigge ssluh mateoudes

Can be animal or veqeabe. onqm
uanple ot nakuna dpm-rigs blacder
Squthehe SPM cilophane, celuloseaee}alee

OSmpSIS 9+ wa phenomenoy- ohich a Llveu

baatccade leces 4zm salvuyo Saluhion sio thanugh
SPmCAe4n lowex Conc. to Ligher Core Satuka

MTIC PREssURE CT) Nhe extora PreAuR_hat as

i n soluten sice so as to &lopsel laco aKetveu-
trom Solveu &ide o satutian BRdethreugh spm2xe 0S masir

T CRL hee
R Cas Cou
T=4 RT T=Teuperae
waMa RT

MA wRT
TV

LsoTOIC56LD
0LDTID iutouRAavaug Ram
8Smoti PzrAtu afa qiven to
erD-n MOe D.P

Os notie Prmethoo oely uked to deleamione the-

miola anu d pavteiniFalgmens ad her Macomaleorel
 Avantaqes otmohc kta e n e}hod ovex ohes
1 measuement Caaned al rTOm te
moiab
siky et. Hhe soteukion ii_useo nctead
moa
Oagns Reole lan4 even tor vey dilu Ad
Csme Repdsur, mekhad pazhierdlandy sefal fo
iatto3 matar mas biomotdcreles-as they
ait
ta ncral 2 &table_ at hiqher teuperatuaJ Q
hpatgmcsk hawe panr Selrhiiie
Flds dnsid a lotcrd ceil wi eqLeivalent to hal

che a RBc Placcc

NNaC-
Nacl

c u l i tuiu Lhnnk hyferesw) laypotenic

Kad wana ive) eute pickle colen piaseol u

ii oted 4lder zvive chenplaccd e H,

Edema Peeple Jauiq laE J Caltod expereua
water 7etentrD s d e oels auad eutexcelela

zpac dueto&mess qevelepputnex 0

uelm

plaut ot Cuo Buhseapeeutly eto cuppexoro

peservation' et meal by Satnq ed o i by

odlimg Sugas t is ecadh a Mctezitm Pesed-
u ate uea orrut lesE H,O Shrve olie
o 8m
 AsSMAte

REVERSE DSMOSIS ohn a Fo

han l e aswobc PT:ul ppli

7 trc otveut Bicle trtug

ARPUCaton Desalinahin S Sca ,

Piston
P>
Salt
Ha0 H
SPM cclulese ageae

BNORMALM0LAR ASS
e cpeimtally detemimeo malay mas
Roic a ab nerma alax moi

NoTma molarmas ooerYec cotgaar

aomev ma} vmolar moM
Calcdalcd ce

a 1o me d Pahcle be
n Ca OE as@iaton
ieisaa d|- CH,uo
me
tl,co0H 2(Ctd2CovH)
mole

H
H 0

05
 3 Case disecia
R
K a) KCa4) tCl c a4 745 md31

iuclediu
edticd celluqakit Pi ties
van' He acr

i AT,
iu)
V

2n0 ase.ciaho Cy isseake

p_
molar mas
 A sSMAte

,.

TmEda
a ef he Comonen etu}rOin
L Mas

2veleme CA) o e u f oL1O

1ctolvetteme ol tt.e Cafrshro

z10
31a7t per u onPrm2 l oPars zl the upono
all
Pas a C pone
T 6 a l mo

mola o the Co p one

no o
A Moe nactioin a Copencg= Coufonc
Total o- ot ma1os a a l

o n e t e c selle
Malarihy Cm)

Madality Cm)=
Mas ot lotveau in Kg

herr P =Parhal r K-Hen?yr co f

7 P = Ka K
mole lnaokBn

er P larral r od- Copove

Vapeur Pr c
m_
Phak
P_ here 2lastal p o_C onPanCit i in vay
m w vap plhase
R2oa2 Tota Pr.

w2 Mi
Ma X,
 AT

AT K

1S V= w RT
M
oLdur
Y by mas

1 M Ma
maM &Hsoa
otar
A

Ma

m srdule
tKyxMz