Mark Scheme

Summer 2023

Pearson Edexcel GCE

AS Mathematics (8MA0)
Paper 21 Statistics
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Summer 2023
Publications Code 8MA0_21_2306_MS*
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2023
General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners

must mark the first candidate in exactly the same way as they
mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must
be rewarded for what they have shown they can do rather than
penalised for omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not
according to their perception of where the grade boundaries
may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark
scheme should be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded.
Examiners should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if
the answer matches the mark scheme. Examiners should also
be prepared to award zero marks if the candidate’s response
is not worthy of credit according to the mark scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will
provide the principles by which marks will be awarded and
exemplification may be limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the
mark scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must
be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has
replaced it with an alternative response.
 EDEXCEL GCE MATHEMATICS

General Instructions for Marking

1. The total number of marks for the paper is 30.

2. The Edexcel Mathematics mark schemes use the following types of marks:

• M marks: method marks are awarded for ‘knowing a method and attempting to
apply it’, unless otherwise indicated.
• A marks: Accuracy marks can only be awarded if the relevant method (M) marks
have been earned.
• B marks are unconditional accuracy marks (independent of M marks)
• Marks should not be subdivided.

3. Abbreviations
These are some of the traditional marking abbreviations that will appear in the mark
schemes.

• bod – benefit of doubt

• ft – follow through
• the symbol will be used for correct ft
• cao – correct answer only
• cso - correct solution only. There must be no errors in this part of the
question to obtain this mark
• isw – ignore subsequent working
• awrt – answers which round to
• SC: special case
• oe – or equivalent (and appropriate)
• dep – dependent
• indep – independent
• dp decimal places
• sf significant figures
•  The answer is printed on the paper
• The second mark is dependent on gaining the first mark

4. For misreading which does not alter the character of a question or materially
simplify it, deduct two from any A or B marks gained, in that part of the question
affected.

5. Where a candidate has made multiple responses and indicates which response
they wish to submit, examiners should mark this response.
If there are several attempts at a question which have not been crossed out,
examiners should mark the final answer which is the answer that is the most
complete.

6. Ignore wrong working or incorrect statements following a correct answer.

7. Mark schemes will firstly show the solution judged to be the most common
response expected from candidates. Where appropriate, alternatives
answers are provided in the notes. If examiners are not sure if an answer is
acceptable, they will check the mark scheme to see if an alternative answer is
given for the method used.
Question Scheme Marks AOs
1(a) 61 (2  3), 63  (2 12), 65  (2  8), 67  (2  2) M1 2.1

61 (2  3) + 63  (2 12) + 65  (2  8) + 67  (2  2)
= 63.72* A1*cso 1.1b
50
(2)
(b) 612  6 + 632  24 + 652 16 + 67 2  4
− 63.722 M1 1.1b
50

= 2.5216 = 1.58795... = awrt 1.59 A1 1.1b

(2)
(c) No effect (oe) since…e.g.
• since addition/subtraction does not affect the
standard deviation (only multiplication and division
do) B1 2.4
• the weights will have the same spread
• the distance of each weight from the mean will not
have changed
• they all change by the same amount
(1)
(5 marks)
Notes
M1: at least 3 correct products seen (oe) Allow any 3 from 366, 1512, 1040, 268
A1*cso: correct expression for mean (which may be seen in stages) and given
(a)
50 = 63.72 50 = 63.72
answer. 3186 on its own is M0A0, but 3186 following all 4
correct products seen can score M1A1
61 3 + 63 12 + 65  8 + 67  2
SC: B2: = 63.72* scores M1A1 on epen
25
M1: correct expression for the standard deviation including root
Allow equivalent complete methods e.g.
6(61 − 63.72) 2 + 24(63 − 63.72) 2 + 16(65 − 63.72) 2 + 4(67 − 63.72)2
50
(b)
NB:  fx 2
= 203138

A1: awrt 1.59 (allow s = awrt 1.60)

Correct answer with no incorrect working scores 2 out of 2

612  3 + 632 12 + 652  8 + 67 2  2

B2: − 63.722 = awrt 1.59 scores M1A1 on
SC: 25
epen

(c) B1: correct statement and correct explanation

Question Scheme Marks AOs
2(a) No (correlation)/weak (correlation) B1 1.1b
(1)
(b) (Negative correlation…) As p(ressure) increases,
B1 2.2b
t(emperature) decreases.
(1)
(c) 3.4
990 to 1040 (hPa) B1
LDS
(1)
(d) 2.4
Daily mean wind speed (Beaufort) is a qualitative variable. B1
LDS
(1)
(4 marks)
Notes
B1: correct description of correlation (oe) (ignore reference to positive/negative)
(a)
condone neutral
B1: correct inference, allow equivalent statements.
(b)
Negative correlation on its own is B0. Inversely proportional on its own is B0.
(c) B1: an answer in the range 990 to 1040 inclusive (ignore units)
B1: correct explanation that in the LDS, wind speed (Beaufort) is qualitative/not
quantitative
(d)
Allow e.g. ‘categorical’, e.g. ‘given in words’, e.g. ‘wind speed is (always) light’
Do not allow ‘not continuous’ on its own.
Que. Scheme Marks AOs
3(a) 45 – 25 = 20 or e.g. ‘25 „ 13 + 12 + y „ 45’ M1 2.1
12 „ x „ 32 A1 1.1b
(2)
(b) To be independent P( A)  P( M ) = P( A and M ) M1 1.1a
12
P( A and M ) 12 25 12
P( M ) = = 45
25
= or  P( M ) =
P( A) 45 25 45 45
A1 2.1
25 x 12 25 12 + y 12
or  = or  =
45 45 45 45 45 45
The number of students
The number of students taking part taking part in music but
12 A1 1.1b
in music would be  45 = 21.6 not art would be
25
y = 9.6
…so it is not possible for A and M to be independent (since it
A1 2.2a
must be a whole number).
(4)
(6 marks)
Notes
M1: for attempting to find range for x or attempt to find the largest/smallest number
of students that could study Music only May be implied
(a) by one correct end point. Also may be implied with 20 given as an end point
A1: oe allow 12 – 32 or x …12 and x „ 32
12 < x < 32 or x …12 or x „ 32 or x …12, x „ 32 all score M1A0

M1: writing the definition of independence, must use A and M

Allow any rearrangement
Allow all three probabilities labelled followed by a correct equation/definition
25 12 x 12 + y
P(A) = , P( A and M ) = , P(M) = or
45 45 45 45
(b) A1: P(M) = 0.48 oe or correct equation for P(M), or x or y (allow any letter for y)
Do not award this mark if working with numbers e.g. P(A and M) = 12
A1: (dependent on M1 only and does not imply first A1)
21.6
21.6 oe (also allow ) or 9.6 oe
45
A1: (dependent on all previous marks being scored) correct deduction from correct
working. Ignore any reference to the range of values found in part (a).
SC: If M0 scored, allow access to 1st and 2nd A1 (to score maximum M0A1A1A0)
Que. Scheme Marks AOs
4(a) [H1 :] p ≠ 0.25 B1 2.5
(1)
(b) X~B(50, 0.25) B1 3.3
[P( X „ 6) =]0.0194 or [P( X „ 18) =]0.9713 or
[P( X …19) =]0.0287 M1 3.4
or X „ 6 or X …19

[P( X „ 6) =]awrt 0.0194 and [P( X …19) =]awrt 0.0287 A1 1.1b

CR: X „ 6 or X …19 A1 1.1b

(4)
(c) [0.0194 + 0.0287 =] awrt 0.048 B1ft 1.1b
(1)
(d) (Do not reject H0,) there is insufficient evidence to suggest that
the proportion of those with the allergy differs from B1 2.2b
25%/Rylan’s belief not supported
(1)
(7 marks)
Notes

(a) B1: correct alternative hypothesis may be stated in terms of p or π

Ignore null hypothesis if stated

Mark part (b) and part (c) together

B1: setting up a Binomial model with n = 50 and p = 0.25 (allow if seen previously)
May be implied by M mark
M1: use of Binomial (50, 0.25) to find a tail probability or a CR tail
May be implied by a relevant probability e.g. P( X „ 7) = 0.0453 , P( X „ 19) = 0.986 ,
P( X …20) = 0.0139 For this mark allow 2sf or better.
(b)
Watch out for P(X = 6) = 0.0123, P(X = 7) = 0.02586, P(X = 18) = 0.0262 which on
their own score M0 as these are not tail probabilities.
A1: both correct probabilities seen (condone awrt 0.0193 and awrt 0.0288)
A1: correct CR oe e.g. X < 7, X >18
Condone X „ 6 and X …19

(c) B1ft: awrt 0.048 or ft their two-tailed CR from B(50, p) to 2sf accuracy
Each tail probability must be < 0.05
B1: correct inference in context.
Do not allow contradictory non-contextual statement e.g. ‘Reject H0’ or ’10 is in CR’
(d)
Allow ‘proportion’ or ‘probability’ or ‘percent(age)/%’ but not ‘number’.
‘Rylan’s hypothesis is not supported’ is B1, but ‘Rylan’s hypothesis test is not
supported’ is B0.
Que. Scheme Marks AOs
5(a) X = 0, 1, 2 only B1 3.1b
6 5 4
[P( X = 0) =]   M1 1.1b
8 7 6
2 6 5
[P( X = 1) =]3    or
8 7 6
M1 2.1
2 1 6
[P( X = 2) =]3   
8 7 6

A1 1.1b
x 0 1 2
5 15 3 A1 1.1b
P(X = x)
14 28 28
(5)
(b) J ~ B(10, 1
9 ) M1 3.1b

P( J …4) = 1 − P( J „ 3) or
P( J …4) = P( J = 4) + P( J = 5) + ... + P( J =10) or M1 3.4
1 − 0.981(57...)

= awrt 0.0184 A1 1.1b

(3)
(8 marks)
Notes
B1: identifying that X can only take on the values 0, 1 and 2 (may be seen at end of
tree diagram). If other values stated, they must be associated with a probability of 0.
M1: correct expression for P( X = 0)
M1: correct expression for either P( X = 1) or P( X = 2)
A1: one correct probability
(a)
6 5 15
Watch out for  = which is an incorrect attempt at P(X = 0) and scores M0A0
8 7 28
A1: complete probability distribution, need not be in a table, but each value of x must
be associated with its probability.
Allow awrt 0.357, awrt 0.536, awrt 0.107
M1: identifying that the B(inomial) distribution with n = 10 is appropriate here.
If distribution not stated, may be implied by use of (10Cr ) p r (1 − p)10−r or 0.981(57...)
(b) M1: writing or using a correct probability statement
A1: awrt 0.0184
Correct answer scores 3 out of 3
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