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    CH 06 - A Arrays

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    christiantc0000
    The document discusses arrays in C programming, including declaring, initializing, accessing elements, and using for loops to traverse arrays. It also covers multidimensional arrays, array parameters in functions, and avoiding going out of bounds of an array.

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    CH 06 - A Arrays

    Uploaded by

    christiantc0000
    17 views23 pages
    The document discusses arrays in C programming, including declaring, initializing, accessing elements, and using for loops to traverse arrays. It also covers multidimensional arrays, array parameters in functions, and avoiding going out of bounds of an array.

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    Ch 06_A Arrays (1)

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    The document discusses arrays in C programming, including declaring, initializing, accessing elements, and using for loops to traverse arrays. It also covers multidimensional arrays, array parameters in functions, and avoiding going out of bounds of an array.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    17 views23 pages

    CH 06 - A Arrays

    Uploaded by

    christiantc0000
    The document discusses arrays in C programming, including declaring, initializing, accessing elements, and using for loops to traverse arrays. It also covers multidimensional arrays, array parameters in functions, and avoiding going out of bounds of an array.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 23

    Programming in C

    1
    Introduction to Arrays
     A collection of variable data
     Same name
     Same type
     Contiguous block of memory
     Can manipulate or use
     Individual variables or
     ‘List’ as one entity

    Celsius
    temperatures:
    I’ll name it c.
    Type is int.
    2
    Introduction to Arrays
     Used for lists of like items
     Scores, speeds, weights, etc.
     Avoids declaring multiple simple variables
     Used when we need to keep lots of values in memory
     Sorting
     Determining the number of scores above/below the
    mean
     Printing values in the reverse order of reading
     Etc.

    3
    Declaring Arrays
     General Format for declaring arrays
    <data type> <variable> [<size>];
     Declaration
     Declaring the array  allocates memory
     Static entity - same size throughout program
     Examples
    Type is int.
    Name is c.

    4
    Defined Constant as Array Size
     Use defined/named constant for array size
     Improves readability
     Improves versatility
     Improves maintainability
     Examples:

    5
    Powerful Storage Mechanism
     Can perform subtasks like:
     "Do this to i-th indexed variable"
    where i is computed by program
     "Fill elements of array scores from user input"
     "Display all elements of array scores“
     “Sort array scores in order”
     “Determine the sum or average score”
     "Find highest value in array scores"
     "Find lowest value in array scores"

    6
    Accessing Array Elements
     Individual parts called many things:
     Elements of the array
     Indexed or
    subscripted variables
     To refer to an element:
     Array name and subscript or index
     Format: arrayname[subscript]
     Zero based
     c[0] refers to c0, c sub zero,
    the first element of array c

    7
    Accessing Array Elements
     Example

     Note two uses of brackets:


     In declaration, specifies SIZE of array
     Anywhere else, specifies a subscript/index

    8
    Accessing Array Elements
     Example
     Given the declaration

     We reference elements of scores by

    scores [0]

    scores [1]

    … subscript/index

    scores [11]

    9
    Accessing Array Elements
     Size, subscript need not be literal constant
     Can be named constant or expression

    10
    Major Array Pitfall
     Array indexes go from 0 through size-1!
     C will 'let' you go out of the array’s bounds
     Unpredictable results – may get segmentation fault
     Compiler will not detect these errors!
     Up to programmer to 'stay in bounds‘
    ?

    11
    for-loops with Arrays
     Natural counting loop
     Naturally works well 'counting thru' elements
    of an array
     General form for forward direction
     for (subscript = 0; subscript < size; subscript++)
     General form for reverse direction
     for (subscript = size-1; subscript >= 0; subscript--)

    12
    for-loops with Arrays Examples

    Score 1 is 56 Score 12 is 87
    Score 2 is 52 Score 11 is 97
    Score 3 is 80 Score 10 is 86
    Score 4 is 74 Score 9 is 80
    ... ...
    Score 12 is 87 Score 1 is 56

    13
    Uses of Defined Constant
     Use everywhere size of array is needed
     In for-loop for traversal:

     In calculations involving size:

     When passing array a function:

    14
    Array as Function Parameter
     Include type and brackets []
     Size inside brackets is optional and is ignored
     Passes pointer/reference to array
     Function can modify array elements
     Common to also pass size
     Example:

    15
    Initializing Arrays
     Arrays can be initialized at declaration

     Size cannot be variable or named constant


     Equivalent to

    16
    Auto-Initializing Arrays
     If fewer values than size supplied:
     Fills from beginning
     Fills 'rest' with zero of array base type
     Declaration

     Performs initialization

    17
    Auto-Initializing Arrays
     If array size is left out
     Declares array with size required based on number of
    initialization values
     Example:

     Allocates array scores with size of 3

    18
    Multidimensional Arrays
     Arrays with more than one dimension
     Declaration: Additional sizes each enclosed in brackets
     Two dimensions
     Table or ‘array of arrays’

     Requires two subscripts – row and column

    19
    Initializing
    Multidimensional
     Nested lists
     Unspecified values set to zero
     2D Example:

    20
    Three-dimensional Visualization

    21
    Multidimensional Array Parameters
     Must specify size after first dimension

    22
    Programming in C

    THE END

    23

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