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    CS 101 Lecture 6 PDF

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    Mohammad Arafat
    The document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of similar elements that are stored under a single name. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable, rather than creating separate variables for each value. The document provides an example program that uses an array to store the marks of 30 students, calculates the total marks, and finds the average. It explains that arrays are declared with a type, size, and brackets. Individual elements in an array can be accessed using a subscript, which is a number that specifies the element's position in the array starting from 0.

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    CS 101 Lecture 6 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Arafat
    76 views8 pages
    The document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of similar elements that are stored under a single name. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable, rather than creating separate variables for each value. The document provides an example program that uses an array to store the marks of 30 students, calculates the total marks, and finds the average. It explains that arrays are declared with a type, size, and brackets. Individual elements in an array can be accessed using a subscript, which is a number that specifies the element's position in the array starting from 0.

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    The document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of similar elements that are stored under a single name. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable, rather than creating separate variables for each value. The document provides an example program that uses an array to store the marks of 30 students, calculates the total marks, and finds the average. It explains that arrays are declared with a type, size, and brackets. Individual elements in an array can be accessed using a subscript, which is a number that specifies the element's position in the array starting from 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views8 pages

    CS 101 Lecture 6 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Mohammad Arafat
    The document discusses arrays in C programming. It defines an array as a collection of similar elements that are stored under a single name. Arrays allow storing multiple values in a single variable, rather than creating separate variables for each value. The document provides an example program that uses an array to store the marks of 30 students, calculates the total marks, and finds the average. It explains that arrays are declared with a type, size, and brackets. Individual elements in an array can be accessed using a subscript, which is a number that specifies the element's position in the array starting from 0.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    Let Us C

    1
    CS 101
    Computer Programming
    Partha Pratim Paul
    Lecturer, Dept. of ECE
    Presidency University

    2
    Chapter 4

    Arrays

    3
    What are Arrays
    The C language provides a capability that enables the user to design a set of similar data
    types, called array.

    For understanding the arrays properly, let us consider the following program:

    main( )
    { int x ;
    x=5;
    x = 10 ;
    printf ( "\nx = %d", x ) ;
    }

    this program will print the value of x as 10.

    Why so? Because when a value 10 is assigned to x, the earlier value of x=5, is lost. Thus,
    ordinary variables are capable of holding only one value at a time. However, there are
    situations in which we would want to store more than one value at a time in a single
    variable.

    4
    What are Arrays
    For example, suppose we wish to arrange the percentage marks obtained by 100
    students in ascending order. In such a case we have two options to store these
    marks in memory:

    a) Construct 100 variables to store percentage marks obtained by 100 different


    students, i.e. each variable containing one student’s marks.

    b) Construct one variable (called array or subscripted variable) capable of storing or


    holding all the hundred values.

    Obviously, the second alternative is better. A simple reason for this is, it would be
    much easier to handle one variable than handling 100 different variables.

    5
    What are Arrays
    Definition of an array—

    An array is a collective name given to a group of ‘similar quantities’.

    Thus, an array is a collection of similar elements.

    These similar elements could be all ints, or all floats, or all chars, etc.

    Usually, the array of characters is called a ‘string’, whereas an array of ints or floats is
    called simply an array.

    Remember that all elements of any given array must be of the same type. i.e. we
    cannot have an array of 10 numbers, of which 5 are ints and 5 are floats.

    6
    A Simple Program Using Array
    write a program to find average marks obtained by a class of 30 students in a
    test
    #include<stdio.h>
    main( )
    {
    int avg, sum = 0 ;
    int i ;
    int marks[30] ; /* array declaration */

    for ( i = 0 ; i <= 29 ; i++ )


    { printf ( "\nEnter marks " ) ;
    scanf ( "%d", &marks[i] ) ; /* store data in array */
    }

    for ( i = 0 ; i <= 29 ; i++ )


    sum = sum + marks[i] ; /* read data from an array*/
    avg = sum / 30 ;
    printf ( "\nAverage marks = %d", avg ) ;
    }

    7
    A Simple Program Using Array
    Array Declaration

    an array needs to be declared so that the compiler will know what kind of an array and how large
    an array we want. In last program, the variable declared was: int marks[30] ;

    Here, int specifies the type of the variable. The number 30 tells how many elements of the type
    int will be in our array. This number is often called the ‘dimension’ of the array. The bracket ( [
    ] ) tells the compiler that we are dealing with an array.

    Accessing Elements of an Array

    Once an array is declared, let us see how individual elements in the array can be referred. This is
    done with subscript, the number in the brackets following the array name. This number
    specifies the element’s position in the array. All the array elements are numbered, starting
    with 0. Thus, marks[2] is not the second element of the array, but the third. In our program
    we are using the variable i as a subscript to refer to various elements of the array. This
    variable can take different values and hence can refer to the different elements in the array in
    turn. This ability to use variables as subscripts is what makes arrays so useful.

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