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AS
PHYSICS
Paper 1

Tuesday 15 May 2018 Morning Time allowed: 1 hour 30 minutes

Materials
For Examiner’s Use
For this paper you must have:
• a pencil and a ruler Question Mark
• a scientific calculator 1
• a Data and Formulae Booklet.
2

Instructions 3
• Use black ink or black ball-point pen. 4
• Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
5
• Answer all questions.
• You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write 6
outside the box around each page or on blank pages. 7
• Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked. TOTAL
• Show all your working.

Information
• The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
• The maximum mark for this paper is 70.
• You are expected to use a scientific calculator where appropriate.
• A Data and Formulae Booklet is provided as a loose insert.

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Answer all questions.

0 1 . 1 Describe the interaction that is responsible for keeping protons and neutrons together
in a stable nucleus.
You should include details of the properties of the interaction in your answer.
[3 marks]

0 1 . 2 Nuclei can decay by alpha decay and by beta decay.

In alpha decay only one particle is emitted but in beta decay there are two emitted
particles.

Explain how baryon number is conserved in alpha and beta decay.

[3 marks]

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0 1 . 3 Kaons are mesons that can be produced by the strong interaction between pions and
protons.

The equation shows a reaction in which a kaon and a lambda particle are produced.

π– + p → K 0 + Λ0

Deduce the quark structure of the Λ0

[2 marks]

quark structure =

0 1 . 4 The kaon decays by the weak interaction.

The equation shows an example of kaon decay.

K0 → π+ + π–

State one feature of this decay that shows it is an example of the weak interaction.
[1 mark]

0 1 . 5 There have been considerable advances in our understanding of particle physics over
the past 100 years.

Explain why it is necessary for many teams of scientists and engineers to collaborate
in order for these advances to be made.
[2 marks]

11

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0 2 . 1 Figure 1 shows a truck moving freely down a ramp inclined at an angle to the
horizontal.

Figure 1

The truck starts from rest at the top of the ramp and reaches point A. Friction and air
resistance are negligible.

As the truck moves down the ramp to point A, its centre of mass has a total vertical
displacement of 8.0 m

Calculate the speed of the truck at point A.

[2 marks]

speed = m s−1

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0 2 . 2 Figure 2 shows the truck moving down a ramp with a varying slope.

Figure 2

The truck starts from rest and moves freely down the ramp. It reaches point C and
then moves along the horizontal runway to D. Friction and air resistance are
negligible.

Discuss how the acceleration of the truck in Figure 2 differs from the acceleration of
the truck in Figure 1.
[3 marks]

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0 2 . 3 The total vertical displacement of the centre of mass of the truck in Figure 2 is also
8.0 m

The speed of the truck when it reaches the horizontal runway is the same as the
speed of the truck in Figure 1 when it reaches point A.

Explain why.
[1 mark]

0 2 . 4 The horizontal runway in Figure 2 has negligible friction and air resistance. As the
truck moves along the runway, it starts to rain. The rain falls vertically and water
collects in the truck.

Discuss whether there are any changes in the momentum of the truck and collected
water.
[3 marks]

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0 3 Figure 3 shows some of the energy levels for a hydrogen atom.

Figure 3

An excited hydrogen atom can emit photons of certain discrete frequencies. Three
possible transitions are shown in Figure 3.

0 3 . 1 The transitions shown in Figure 3 result in photons being emitted in the ultraviolet,
visible and infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.

To which region of the spectrum do the emitted photons belong?

Tick () the correct box for each transition, A, B and C.

[1 mark]

Transition Ultraviolet Visible Infrared

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0 3 . 2 Two ways to excite a hydrogen atom are by collision with a free electron or by the
absorption of a photon.

Explain why, for a particular transition, the photon must have an exact amount of
energy whereas the free electron only needs a minimum amount of kinetic energy.
[3 marks]

0 3 . 3 The surface of a sample of caesium is exposed to photons emitted in each of the

three transitions shown in Figure 3.

The threshold frequency of caesium is 5.1 × 1014 Hz

Determine whether any of these transitions would produce photons that would cause
electrons to be emitted from the surface of caesium.
[3 marks]

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0 3 . 4 Photons each with energy 12.1 eV are incident on the surface of the caesium sample.

Calculate the maximum speed of electrons emitted from the caesium.

[3 marks]

maximum speed = m s−1 10

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0 4 Figure 4 shows a uniform beam supported by two light cables, AB and AC, which are
attached to a single steel cable from a crane. The beam is stationary and in
equilibrium.

Figure 4

0 4 . 1 State two necessary conditions for the beam to be in equilibrium.

[2 marks]

Condition 1

Condition 2

0 4 . 2 State what is meant by the centre of mass.

[1 mark]

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0 4 . 3 Explain why the centre of mass of the beam in Figure 4 must be vertically below A.
[2 marks]

0 4 . 4 The weight of the beam is 12 000 N

Calculate the tension T1 in cable AB and the tension T2 in cable AC.

[4 marks]

T1 = N

T2 = N

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0 4 . 5 The steel cable from the crane has a circular cross-section of diameter 1.5 × 10 m
The cable is 12 m long.

Calculate the extension of the cable caused by the weight of the beam. You can
assume that the weights of all cables are negligible.

Young modulus of steel = 2.0 × 1011 Pa

[3 marks]

12
extension = m

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0 5 . 1 Calculate the weight of an ice cube that has volume 4.0 × 10 m3

density of ice = 920 kg m–3

[2 marks]

weight = N

0 5 . 2 Figure 5 shows the ice cube floating in a beaker of water.

Figure 5

When the ice cube is placed in the beaker, it displaces a volume of water causing the
water level to rise.
The weight of water displaced is equal to the weight of the ice cube.

Calculate the volume of water displaced by the ice cube.

–3
density of water = 1000 kg m
[1 mark]

volume = m3
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0 5 . 3 The ice cube in Figure 5 is replaced by another cube also with volume 4.0 × 10−6 m3
This cube is made of ice containing a small piece of iron.
The mass of water now displaced is 3.9 × 10–3 kg

Calculate the volume of the piece of iron.

density of iron = 7800 kg m–3

[3 marks]

volume = m3 6

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0 6 A student connects four lamps A, B, C and D in the circuit shown in Figure 6.

The battery has an emf of 9.0 V and negligible internal resistance.

Figure 6

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0 6 . 1 Table 1 shows the operating conditions for the lamps when they are at normal
brightness.

Table 1

Lamps Operating voltage / V Power / W

A and C 6.0 6.0

B and D 3.5 4.1

The student observes that two of the lamps are at their normal brightness.
Assume that any changes in resistance of the lamps are negligible.

Determine which two lamps are at their normal brightness.

Use calculations to support your answer.

[4 marks]

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0 6 . 2 The student connects another lamp E in the circuit as shown in Figure 7.

Lamp E is identical to lamps A and C.

Figure 7

Explain what the student would observe regarding the brightness of the lamps.

Refer to potential differences across lamp E in your answer.

[3 marks]

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0 6 . 3 Lamp B in Figure 7 fails so that it no longer conducts. This change does not affect
the resistance of the other lamps.

Deduce the effect on the current in the battery.

Use calculations to support your answer.

[3 marks]

10

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0 7 Figure 8 shows a diagram of apparatus used to demonstrate the formation of

interference fringes using a white light source in a darkened room. Light from the
source passes through a single slit and then through two narrow slits S1 and S2.

Figure 8

0 7 . 1 Describe the interference pattern that is seen on the white screen.

[2 marks]

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0 7 . 2 A filter transmits only green light of wavelength and red light of wavelength 1.2
This filter is placed between the light source and the single slit.

Describe the interference pattern now seen on the white screen.

Use a calculation to support your answer.

[4 marks]

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0 7 . 3 A student decides to use the apparatus shown in Figure 8 to determine the

wavelength of red light using a filter that transmits only red light.

The student suggests the following changes:

• decrease slit separation s

• decrease D, the distance between the slits and the screen.

The student decides to make each change independently.

Discuss the effects each independent change has on the interference pattern, and
whether this change is likely to reduce uncertainty in the determination of the
wavelength.
[6 marks]

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12

END OF QUESTIONS

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