Climtrends
Climtrends
Climtrends
R topics documented:
AdjHomogenization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
AllfilesIEObyPathPattern . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
AllReadUSGS2timeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
annual.precipitation.totals.Madison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
BSXFUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Buishand.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1
2 R topics documented:
BuishandRangeTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
CompleteMissingValuesDailyMean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
CraddockTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
CumulativeDeviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
DailyClimatologyFromDailyData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
DistributionFreeCUSUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
ESDstatistic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
FillYearlyGapsWithSomeValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
FindCommonPeriod . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
FindOutliersESDtest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
FindOutliersHampel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
FindOutliersMAD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
FindOutliersQuant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
FindOutliersSD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
FindOutliersTrimmedMeans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
FindOutliersZscore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
FirstMonthOfSeason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
GetInfoHomogenization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
GetNDP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
GetShiftValue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
IsLeapYear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
LastDayOfTheMonth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
LevelSignifMarks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
ListContinuousDays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
ListHomogStats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
ListHomogTZ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
MedianCrossingTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
MonthlyFuncFromDay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
peaksP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Pettitt.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
PettittTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
PlotHomog . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
PlotSeriesAndRefSimple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
PlotSeriesDifference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
RankDifferenceTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
RankSumTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
ReadClimexpKnmiNL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
ReadClimexpKnmiNL12month . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
ReadCRDEC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
R topics documented: 3
ReadECAdata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ReadEtmgegFile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
ReadGHCNymd . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
ReadHERTTAdailyCSV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ReadHERTTAdmyQdaily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ReadMeteoSwiss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ReadNdp040stationDat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
ReadPSMSLmonthly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
ReadUSGS2timeseries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
ReadUSHCN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
ReadYearAnd12MonthsData . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
SiegelTukey . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
SNHT.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
SNHTabsolute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
SNHTabsolute2SDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
SNHTabsoluteII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
SNHTabsoluteTrend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
SNHTrelative . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
SNHTrelative2SDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
SNHTrelativeII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
SNHTrelativeTrend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Sqplot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
TietjenMoore . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
TrimmedMean . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
TurningPointsTest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
ValuesBetween2Dates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
ValuesBetween2years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
VDTR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
VonNeumannRatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
VonNeumannRatioRank . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
WetDayCount . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
woOp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
WorsleyLikelihoodRatio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
YearFuncFromDay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Index 84
4 AllfilesIEObyPathPattern
Description
AdjHomogenization returns the value for homogenization adjustment within a certain window.
Usage
AdjHomogenization(dataYearSeries=NA,yearShift=NA,nYears=20, diffFlag=TRUE)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
yearShift year when the shift occured
nYears window of years to adjust
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
Value
homgenized data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
AllfilesIEObyPathPattern
Read multiple IEO files
Description
AllfilesIEObyPathPattern reads multiple daily values file from IEO (Instituto Español de Oceanografia,
Spain).
Usage
AllfilesIEObyPathPattern(mypath, mypattern)
Arguments
mypath Path to search for files
mypattern Pattern to search for file names
AllReadUSGS2timeseries 5
Value
A list with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
AllReadUSGS2timeseries
Read multiple USGS files
Description
AllReadUSGS2timeseries reads multiple USGS discharge files.
Usage
AllReadUSGS2timeseries()
Arguments
none
Value
A list with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
annual.precipitation.totals.Madison
Annual precipitation totals in inches Madison (Wisconsin)
Description
annual.precipitation.totals.Madison contains the annual precipitation totals in inches from
Madison (Wisconsin) - courtesy of Madison Climate Page/State Climatology Homepage.
Usage
annual.precipitation.totals.Madison
6 BSXFUN
Format
This data frame contains 2 columns (year and precipitationInches) and 135 rows of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Madison Climate Page/State Climatology Homepage Annual precipitation totals in inches http:
//www.aos.wisc.edu/~sco/clim-history/stations/msn/msn-pcpn.html
References
Madison Climate Page/State Climatology Homepage Annual precipitation totals in inches http:
//www.aos.wisc.edu/~sco/clim-history/stations/msn/msn-pcpn.html
Examples
data(annual.precipitation.totals.Madison)
str(annual.precipitation.totals.Madison)
Description
BSXFUN applies a function to each element of 2 arrays with singleton expansion enabled, clone of
MATLAB’s BSXFUN
Usage
BSXFUN(op, x, y)
Arguments
op binary function to apply to arrays x and y
x array of numeric or boolean values
y array of numeric or boolean values
Value
array of numeric or boolean values with the result of function op applied to x and y
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Buishand.Critical.Values 7
Source
Douglas M. Schwarz, 2006 Generalized Array Operations http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/
fileexchange/10333-generalized-array-operations/content/genop.m
References
Douglas M. Schwarz, 2006 Generalized Array Operations http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/
fileexchange/10333-generalized-array-operations/content/genop.m
Examples
#example 1
x<-matrix(c(17,24,1,8,15,23,5,7,14,16,4,6,13,20,22,10,12,19,21,3,11,18,25,2,9),
5,5,byrow=TRUE)
y<-matrix(13,1,5)
op<-'+'
BSXFUN(op,x,y)
#example 2
d1<-c(4,3,1,2)
x = array(runif(prod(d1)),d1)
d2<-c(4,1,5,2)
y = array(runif(prod(d2)),d2)
op<-'*'
BSXFUN(op,x,y)
#example 3
d1<-c(1,2,5,6,3)
x<-array(1:prod(d1),d1)
d2<-c(1,2,5,1,3,4)
y<-array(1:prod(d2),d2)
op<-'+'
BSXFUN(op,x,y)
Buishand.Critical.Values
Critical values for the Buishand test
Description
Buishand.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the Buishand test.
Usage
Buishand.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 6 columns (Q90 and 7 rows (n=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 and Inf) of data.
8 BuishandRangeTest
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Buishand TA., 1981 The analysis of homogeneity of long-term rainfall records in the Netherlands.
KNMI Scientific Report WR 81-7, De Bilt, The Netherlands.
References
Buishand TA., 1981 The analysis of homogeneity of long-term rainfall records in the Netherlands.
KNMI Scientific Report WR 81-7, De Bilt, The Netherlands.
Examples
data(Buishand.Critical.Values)
Buishand.Critical.Values
Description
BuishandRangeTest returns the result of the Buishand range test applied to a time series.
Usage
BuishandRangeTest(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
The result of the Buishand range test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
CompleteMissingValuesDailyMean 9
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Examples
# Buishand range test for Turin 1961-2003
BuishandTurin<- BuishandRangeTest(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
plot(1961:2003,BuishandTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(-2.5,0.5),
main='Buishand range test 1961-2003',xlab='Years',ylab='Buishand value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2003,BuishandMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(-2.5,0.5),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
CompleteMissingValuesDailyMean
complete missing values on a time series of daily values (mean)
Description
CompleteMissingValuesDailyMean complete missing values on a time series of daily values by
using the average of 1 or more days before or after.
Usage
CompleteMissingValuesDailyMean(dataSeries, windowBefore=1,windowAfter=1,
missingValue=-9999)
Arguments
dataSeries dataframe with climate data
windowBefore number of days before the day with missing data
windowAfter number of days after the day with missing data
missingValue value representing missing data
Value
Time series.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
10 CraddockTest
Description
CraddockTest returns the result of the Craddock test applied to a time series.
Usage
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Examples
demo(demoCraddockTest)
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean 11
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean
Create a reference series (averaging)
Description
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean creates a reference series from two or more series, using
averages.
Usage
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean(vFiles,commonPeriod=NA,refSeriesFile=NA,
wholePeriod=FALSE,deviationsFlag=FALSE)
Arguments
vFiles vector with the file names of the time series
commonPeriod user defined common period for the resulting reference series, by default the
common period to all series
refSeriesFile reference series file name
wholePeriod logical, common period=TRUE
deviationsFlag logical, raw data=TRUE, deviations=FALSE
Value
reference series or none (if the user chose a reference series file name).
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Stepanek, P. 2008 AnClim - software for time series analysis Dept. of Geography, Fac. of Natural
Sciences http://www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
References
Stepanek, P. 2008 AnClim - software for time series analysis Dept. of Geography, Fac. of Natural
Sciences http://www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
Examples
# c_As00_o.txt, c_Hori2.txt and c_Kada2.txt are from AnClim freeware distribution
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
vFiles=c('c_As00_o.txt','c_Hori2.txt','c_Kada2.txt')
refSeries=CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean(vFiles)
12 CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations
Create a reference series (averaging weights/correlations)
Description
Usage
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations(vFiles,commonPeriod=NA,
refSeriesFile=NA,wholePeriod=FALSE,useDiff=TRUE,retInfo=FALSE)
Arguments
Value
reference series or none (if the user chose a reference series file name).
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Stepanek, P. 2008 AnClim - software for time series analysis Dept. of Geography, Fac. of Natural
Sciences http://www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
References
Stepanek, P. 2008 AnClim - software for time series analysis Dept. of Geography, Fac. of Natural
Sciences http://www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
CumulativeDeviations 13
Examples
# c_As00_o.txt, c_Hori2.txt and c_Kada2.txt are from AnClim freeware distribution
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
vFiles=c('c_As00_o.txt','c_Hori2.txt','c_Kada2.txt')
refSeries=CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations(vFiles,retInfo=TRUE)
CumulativeDeviations cumulative deviations test (parametric test for step jump in mean)
Description
CumulativeDeviations returns the result (Q) of the cumulative deviations test (parametric test
for step jump in mean) applied to a time series. CumulativeDeviationsQR return Q, R and
abs(Q)/sqrt(N).
Usage
CumulativeDeviations(dataSeries)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
14 DailyClimatologyFromDailyData
References
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
Examples
# cumulative deviations for Turin 1961-2003
cdTurin<- CumulativeDeviations(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
plot(1961:2003,cdTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(0,15),
main='Cumulative deviations 1961-2003',xlab='Years',ylab='C.D.')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2003,cdMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(0,15),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
DailyClimatologyFromDailyData
Daily climatology
Description
DailyClimatologyFromDailyData returns the daily climatology (long-term average, for each day,
of a given variable).
Usage
DailyClimatologyFromDailyData(dataSeries,fromYear=1961,toYear=1990)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
fromYear start of the long-term average
toYear end of the long-term average
Value
Daily climatology.
DistributionFreeCUSUM 15
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
dailyCollegevilleDailyClimatology <- DailyClimatologyFromDailyData(dailyCollegeville)
Description
DistributionFreeCUSUM returns the result of the Distribution Free CUSUM (non-parametric test
for step jump in mean) applied to a time series.
Usage
DistributionFreeCUSUM(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries vector with climate data
Value
The result of the Distribution Free CUSUM test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
16 ESDstatistic
References
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
Examples
# Distribution Free CUSUM for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- DistributionFreeCUSUM(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
Description
ESDstatistic returns the ESD statistic.
Usage
ESDstatistic(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
The ESD statistic.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue 17
References
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
Examples
# ESD statistic for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- ESDstatistic(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue
fill missing days with some value
Description
FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue fills (literally) missing days with date+some value.
Usage
FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue(dataYearSeries,FromDate,ToDate, missingValue=-9999)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
FromDate starting date
ToDate ending date
missingValue value representing missing data
Value
complete time series.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
daylyCollegeville2<-FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue(dailyCollegeville,
'1916-06-01','2010-11-30', missingValue=NA)
str(dailyCollegeville)
str(daylyCollegeville2)
18 FillYearlyGapsWithSomeValue
FillYearlyGapsWithSomeValue
fill missing days with some value
Description
Usage
FillYearlyGapsWithSomeValue(dataYearSeries,FromYear=min(dataYearSeries[,1]),
ToYear=max(dataYearSeries[,1]), missingValue=-9999)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
Description
FindCommonPeriod returns the common period between several time series.
Usage
FindCommonPeriod(vFiles, returnMaxMin=FALSE)
Arguments
vFiles vector with file names of time series
returnMaxMin logical, TRUE=the function returns the max and min from all the series
Value
none or a vector (max, min).
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
FindOutliersESDtest returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a criteria
based on the ESD test.
Usage
FindOutliersESDtest(dataSeries,k=10,alpha=0.05)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
k number of outliers
alpha significance level
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
20 FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
References
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
Examples
y = c(-0.25, 0.68, 0.94, 1.15, 1.20, 1.26, 1.26,
1.34, 1.38, 1.43, 1.49, 1.49, 1.55, 1.56,
1.58, 1.65, 1.69, 1.70, 1.76, 1.77, 1.81,
1.91, 1.94, 1.96, 1.99, 2.06, 2.09, 2.10,
2.14, 2.15, 2.23, 2.24, 2.26, 2.35, 2.37,
2.40, 2.47, 2.54, 2.62, 2.64, 2.90, 2.92,
2.92, 2.93, 3.21, 3.26, 3.30, 3.59, 3.68,
4.30, 4.64, 5.34, 5.42, 6.01)
FindOutliersESDtest(y)
FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided
Find outliers based on the Grubbs test
Description
FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a
criteria based on the Grubbs test (two-sided, one-sided max and one-sided min).
Usage
FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided(dataSeries,alpha=0.05, iterative=TRUE)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
alpha significance level
iterative logical, TRUE=iterative, FALSE=first value only
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
FindOutliersHampel 21
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
References
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
Examples
# Input data from the Tietjen and Moore paper.
y = c(199.31,199.53,200.19,200.82,201.92,201.95,202.18,245.57)
FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided(y, iterative=FALSE)
FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided(y)
Description
FindOutliersHampel returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by the Hampel
method.
Usage
FindOutliersHampel(X, Y, DX=NA, Th=NA, hampelAdaptive=FALSE,Threshold=NA)
Arguments
X vector with data
Y vector with data, Gaussian distributed
DX half width of the filter window
Th threshold value used in the equation |Y - Y0| > T*S0
hampelAdaptive logical, TRUE=experimental adaptive Hampel filter
Threshold adaptive threshold
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
22 FindOutliersMAD
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Pearson RK, 2012 Mining Imperfect Data: Dealing with Contamination and Incomplete Records
urlhttp://exploringdatablog.blogspot.com/2012/01/moving-window-filters-and-pracma.html
Michael Lindholm Nielsen, 2012 urlhttp://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/34795-
outlier-detection-and-removal–hampel-
References
Pearson RK, 2012 Mining Imperfect Data: Dealing with Contamination and Incomplete Records
urlhttp://exploringdatablog.blogspot.com/2012/01/moving-window-filters-and-pracma.html
Michael Lindholm Nielsen, 2012 urlhttp://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/34795-
outlier-detection-and-removal–hampel-
Examples
X <- 1:1000 # Pseudo Time
Y <- 5000 + rnorm(1000) # Pseudo Data
Outliers <- sample(1:1000, 10, replace =FALSE) # Index of Outliers
Y[Outliers] <- Y[Outliers] + sample(1:1000, 10, replace =FALSE) # Pseudo Outliers
tmp <- FindOutliersHampel(X, Y)
FindOutliersMAD Find outliers based on the absolute deviation around the median
Description
FindOutliersMAD returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a criteria based on
the the absolute deviation around the median (MAD), median-coef*MAD<x<median+coef*MAD.
Usage
FindOutliersMAD(dataSeries,coef=3)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
coef coefficient, 3=very conservative, 2.5=moderately conservative 2=poorly conser-
vative.
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
FindOutliersQuant 23
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Leys C, Ley C, Klein O, Bernard P, Licata L, 2013 Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation
around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median Journal of Experimental Social Psychol-
ogy volume 49, number 4 urlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103113000668
References
Leys C, Ley C, Klein O, Bernard P, Licata L, 2013 Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation
around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median Journal of Experimental Social Psychol-
ogy volume 49, number 4 urlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103113000668
Examples
y = c(1, 3, 3, 6, 8, 10, 10, 1000)
outlierMAD <- FindOutliersMAD(y)
y[outlierMAD]
Description
FindOutliersQuant returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a criteria based
on quantiles, q25-coef*(q75-q25)<x<q75+coef*(q75-q25).
Usage
FindOutliersQuant(dataSeries,coef=1.5)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
coef coefficient, 2=outliers, 3=extremes.
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
24 FindOutliersSD
Source
Stepanek, P. 2008 AnClim - software for time series analysis Dept. of Geography, Fac. of Natural
Sciences http://www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
References
Stepanek, P. 2008 AnClim - software for time series analysis Dept. of Geography, Fac. of Natural
Sciences http://www.climahom.eu/AnClim.html
Examples
y = c(1, 3, 3, 6, 8, 10, 10, 1000)
FindOutliersQuant(y)
Description
FindOutliersSD returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a criteria based on
the standard deviation, mean-coef*sd<x<mean+coef*sd based on the three-sigma rule.
Usage
FindOutliersSD(dataSeries,coef=3)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
coef coefficient, 1=68
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Leys C, Ley C, Klein O, Bernard P, Licata L, 2013 Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation
around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median Journal of Experimental Social Psychol-
ogy volume 49, number 4 urlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103113000668
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest 25
References
Leys C, Ley C, Klein O, Bernard P, Licata L, 2013 Detecting outliers: Do not use standard deviation
around the mean, use absolute deviation around the median Journal of Experimental Social Psychol-
ogy volume 49, number 4 urlhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022103113000668
Examples
y = c(1, 3, 3, 6, 8, 10, 10, 1000)
FindOutliersSD(y,2)
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest
Find outliers based on the Tietjen Moore test
Description
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a
criteria based on the Tietjen Moore test.
Usage
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest(dataSeries,k,alpha=0.05)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
k number of outliers
alpha significance level
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
References
NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods, 2013 http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/
handbook/
26 FindOutliersTrimmedMeans
Examples
x <- c(-1.40, -0.44, -0.30, -0.24, -0.22, -0.13, -0.05, 0.06, 0.10, 0.18,
0.20, 0.39, 0.48, 0.63, 1.01)
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest(x, 2)
FindOutliersTrimmedMeans
Find outliers based on trimmed means
Description
FindOutliersTrimmedMeans returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a
criteria based on trimmed means.
Usage
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
Description
FindOutliersZscore returns the position of the values outside the allowed range by a criteria
based on the z-score, abs(Z)>coef. FindOutliersModifiedZscore uses the modified z-score.
Usage
FindOutliersZscore(dataSeries, coef=2.5)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
coef coefficient
Value
Vector with the positions of the outliers.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
FindOutliersZscore(c(2, 4, 6, 7, 11, 21, 81, 90, 105, 121))
Description
FirstMonthOfSeason returns the first month number for a given season 1 12, 2 3, 3 6, 4 9.
LastMonthOfSeason returns the last month number for a given season 1 2, 2 5, 3 8, 4 11.
Usage
FirstMonthOfSeason(intSeason)
Arguments
intSeason season
28 GetInfoHomogenization
Value
first/last month of a season.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
FirstMonthOfSeason(1) # Winter
FirstMonthOfSeason(2) # Spring
FirstMonthOfSeason(3) # Summer
FirstMonthOfSeason(4) # Fall
Description
GetInfoHomogenization calculates the SNHT or other method of homogenization and returns
useful info such as the year of change, To value, adjust value and more.
Usage
GetInfoHomogenization(dataYearSeries=NA,refYearSeries=NA,nYears=20,
diffFlag=TRUE,returnData=FALSE, homogenization=SNHTabsolute,
levelSignificance=c(99,95),criticalValues=climtrends::SNHT.Critical.Values)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
refYearSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
nYears window of years to adjust
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
returnData logical TRUE=return the homogenization test data
homogenization homogenization test
levelSignificance
level of significance
criticalValues critical values for the homogenization test
Value
number of wet days.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
GetNDP 29
GetNDP Read data from a Numeric Data Package (NDP) file from GCMD
Description
GetNDP returns one climate variable from one NDP file read into a data.frame from NASA’s Global
Change Master Directory (GCMD) datasets.
Usage
GetNDP(ndpDat, climVar)
Arguments
ndpDat File name
climVar Cimate variable
Value
A data.frame with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
GetShiftValue returns the peak value and NegCurve returns the sign of the test values).
Usage
GetShiftValue(values)
NegCurve(values)
Arguments
values test values
Value
peak value or its sign.
30 IsLeapYear
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
GetShiftValue(c(1,2,3,4,3,2,1))
NegCurve(c(1,2,3,4,3,2,1))
Description
Usage
IsLeapYear(intYear)
Arguments
intYear year
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
IsLeapYear(2010)
IsLeapYear(2011)
IsLeapYear(2012)
IsLeapYear(2013)
LastDayOfTheMonth 31
Description
LastDayOfTheMonth returns the last day of a month, considering leap years too.
Usage
LastDayOfTheMonth(intMonth,intYear)
Arguments
intMonth month 1-12
intYear year
Value
last day of a month.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
LastDayOfTheMonth(2,2010)
LastDayOfTheMonth(2,2011)
LastDayOfTheMonth(2,2012)
LastDayOfTheMonth(2,2013)
Description
LevelSignifMarks returns a certain number of marks depending on the level of significance achieved
by the value statistic.
Usage
LevelSignifMarks(dataSeries=NA, levelSignificance=c(99,95), userDefSymbol='<')
32 ListContinuousDays
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
levelSignificance
level of significance
userDefSymbol symbol used to represent the level of significance
Value
symbols representing the level of significance.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
ListContinuousDays lists the days with continuous data from a time series with daily data.
Usage
ListContinuousDays(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries dataframe with climate data
Value
data.frame with the days with continuous data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
ListContinuousDays(dailyCollegeville)
ListHomogStats 33
ListHomogStats List with the years of a probable shift and other info
Description
ListHomogStats applies an homogenization method and returns a list with the years of a probable
shift and other useful results. Equivalent to the "Homogenization Overview" in AnClim.
Usage
ListHomogStats(dataYearSeries=NA,refYearSeries=NA,diffFlag=TRUE,
homogenization=SNHTabsolute,levelSignificance=c(99,95),
criticalValues=climtrends::SNHT.Critical.Values,userDefSymbol='<',nYears=20)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
refYearSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
homogenization homogenization test
levelSignificance
level of significance
criticalValues critical values for the homogenization test
userDefSymbol symbol used to represent the level of significance
nYears window of years to adjust
Value
none.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
ListHomogStats(dailyCollegeville)
34 ListHomogTZ
Description
ListHomogTZ calculates the SNHT or other method of homogenization and returns useful info on
the screen, such as the year of change, To value, adjust value and more.
Usage
ListHomogTZ(dataYearSeries=NA,refYearSeries=NA,diffFlag=TRUE,
homogenization=SNHTabsolute, testName='')
Arguments
Value
none.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
Description
MedianCrossingTest returns the result of the Median Crossing (non-parametric test for random-
ness) applied to a time series.
Usage
MedianCrossingTest(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries vector with climate data
Value
The result of the Median Crossing test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
References
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
36 MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData
Examples
x=c(681,3661,8625,2475,573,2794,10190,5143,4139,8945,7295,19883,12119,8772,
8848,16309,16254,2303,7671,3985,
13742,5333,4859,12381,12137,6075,4669,378,7507,3891,13046,12954,2445,14759,
20200,16331,6922,6739,11629,
7351,2445,9960,10,11786,10214,11216,8393,10005,6896,11632)
R <- MedianCrossingTest(x)
plot(1941:1989,R,type='b',pch=15)
MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData
Monthly anomalies
Description
MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData returns the monthly anomalies (observed values minus clima-
tology) for a certain year.
Usage
MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData(dataSeries, yearAnomalies = NA, fromYear=1961,
toYear=1990)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
yearAnomalies year of observed values
fromYear start of the long-term average for the climatology
toYear end of the long-term average for the climatology
Value
Monthly anomalies.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData(dailyCollegeville, 1960)
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData 37
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData
Monthly climatology
Description
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData returns the monthly climatology (long-term average, for each
month, of a given variable).
Usage
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData(dataSeries,fromYear=1961,toYear=1990)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
fromYear start of the long-term average
toYear end of the long-term average
Value
Monthly climatology.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData(dailyCollegeville)
Description
MonthlyFuncFromDay returns monthly values converted by a function from daily values.
Usage
MonthlyFuncFromDay(yearDF, datecol=1,valcol=2, mfunc=mean)
38 MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay
Arguments
yearDF dataframe with climate data
datecol column with dates
valcol column with values
mfunc function to apply on the data
Value
Monthly values.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
MonthlyMeanCollegeville <- MonthlyFuncFromDay(dailyCollegeville)
MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay
Monthly values converted from daily values
Description
MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay returns monthly values converted by a function from daily values.
Usage
MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay(yearDF, datecol=1,valcol=2, mfunc=mean, mmonth)
Arguments
yearDF dataframe with climate data
datecol column with dates
valcol column with values
mfunc function to apply on the data
mmonth starting month
Value
Monthly values.
peaksP 39
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
MonthlyCollegeville <- MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay(dailyCollegeville, mmonth=1)
MonthlyCollegeville[,1] <- as.Date(MonthlyCollegeville[,1], origin = "1970-01-01")
Description
peaksP returns a certain number of marks depending on the level of significance achieved by the
value statistic.
Usage
peaksP(dataSeries,span=3)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
span span, odd number
Value
symbols representing the level of significance.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
R equivalent of Splus peaks() function
References
R equivalent of Splus peaks() function
Examples
peaksP(c(1,2,3,4,3,2,1))
40 PettittTest
Pettitt.Critical.Values
Critical values for the Pettitt test
Description
Pettitt.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the Pettitt test.
Usage
Pettitt.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 2 columns (95 and 6 rows (n=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Buishand TA., 1981 The analysis of homogeneity of long-term rainfall records in the Netherlands.
KNMI Scientific Report WR 81-7, De Bilt, The Netherlands.
References
Buishand TA., 1981 The analysis of homogeneity of long-term rainfall records in the Netherlands.
KNMI Scientific Report WR 81-7, De Bilt, The Netherlands.
Examples
data(Pettitt.Critical.Values)
Pettitt.Critical.Values
Description
PettittTest returns the result of the Pettitt test applied to a time series.
Usage
PettittTest(dataSeries)
PlotHomog 41
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Examples
# Pettitt range test for Turin 1961-2003
PettittTurin<- PettittTest(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
plot(1961:2003,PettittTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(-400,0),
main='Pettitt range test 1961-2003',xlab='Years',ylab='Pettitt value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2003,PettittMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(-400,0),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
Description
PlotHomog plot the graphics for many homogenization methods with an indication of the peak and
significance levels.
42 PlotSeriesAndRefSimple
Usage
PlotHomog(dataYearSeries=NA,refYearSeries=NA,diffFlag=TRUE,
homogenization=SNHTabsolute,levelSignificance=c(99,95),
criticalValues=climtrends::SNHT.Critical.Values,posLegend="topright",rowbycol=NULL)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
refYearSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
homogenization homogenization test
levelSignificance
level of significance
criticalValues critical values for the homogenization test
posLegend position of the legend
rowbycol vector with (rows, columns)
Value
none.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
yearlyCollegeville=YearFuncFromDay(dailyCollegeville)
colnames(yearlyCollegeville) <- c('year','temperature')
PlotHomog(yearlyCollegeville)
PlotSeriesAndRefSimple
Plot a series and one or more reference series
Description
PlotSeriesAndRefSimple plot a series and one or more reference series. Similar to Anclim’s
"Analyzing Plot Series".
PlotSeriesDifference 43
Usage
PlotSeriesAndRefSimple(dataYearSeries=NA,refYearSeries=NA)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
refYearSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
Value
none.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
fm1<-read.delim('c_Casl_3.txt',sep='',header=FALSE)
fmRef <- read.delim('c_casl_O_3_REF.TXT',sep='',header=FALSE)
PlotSeriesAndRefSimple(fm1[,c(1,12)],fmRef[,c(1,12)])
Description
PlotSeriesDifference plot the difference between 2 series (series - reference series). Similar to
Anclim’s "Plot of Differences".
Usage
PlotSeriesDifference(dataYearSeries=NA,refYearSeries=NA, diffFlag=TRUE)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
refYearSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
Value
none.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
44 Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Examples
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
fm1<-read.delim('c_Casl_3.txt',sep='',header=FALSE)
fmRef <- read.delim('c_casl_O_3_REF.TXT',sep='',header=FALSE)
PlotSeriesDifference(fm1[,c(1,12)],fmRef[,c(1,12)])
Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Critical values for the Rank Von-Neumann Ratio Test
Description
Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the Rank Von-
Neumann Ratio Test.
Usage
Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 6 columns (Q90 and 7 rows (n=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 and Inf) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Robert Bartels, 1982 The Rank Version of von Neumann’s Ratio Test for Randomness Journal of the
American Statistical Association Vol. 77, No. 377 pp. 40-46 http://www.jstor.org/stable/
2287767
References
Robert Bartels, 1982 The Rank Version of von Neumann’s Ratio Test for Randomness Journal of the
American Statistical Association Vol. 77, No. 377 pp. 40-46 http://www.jstor.org/stable/
2287767
Examples
data(Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values)
Rank.Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
RankDifferenceTest 45
Description
RankDifferenceTest returns the result of the Rank Difference test (non-parametric test for ran-
domness) applied to a time series.
Usage
RankDifferenceTest(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries vector with climate data
Value
The result of the Rank Difference test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
References
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
46 RankSumTest
Examples
x=c(681,3661,8625,2475,573,2794,10190,5143,4139,8945,7295,19883,12119,8772,
8848,16309,16254,2303,7671,3985,
13742,5333,4859,12381,12137,6075,4669,378,7507,3891,13046,12954,2445,14759,
20200,16331,6922,6739,11629,
7351,2445,9960,10,11786,10214,11216,8393,10005,6896,11632)
RankDifferenceTest(x)
Description
RankSumTest returns the result of the Rank Sum test (non-parametric test for difference in median
from two data periods) applied to a time series.
Usage
RankSumTest(dataSeries, period1)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
ReadClimexpKnmiNL 47
References
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
Examples
x=c(681,3661,8625,2475,573,2794,10190,5143,4139,8945,7295,19883,12119,8772,
8848,16309,16254,2303,7671,3985,
13742,5333,4859,12381,12137,6075,4669,378,7507,3891,13046,12954,2445,14759,
20200,16331,6922,6739,11629,
7351,2445,9960,10,11786,10214,11216,8393,10005,6896,11632)
RankSumTest(x, 20)
Description
Usage
ReadClimexpKnmiNL(filename)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
48 ReadCRDEC
ReadClimexpKnmiNL12month
Read monthly values KNMI Climate Explorer files
Description
ReadClimexpKnmiNL12month reads a monthly values file in climexp.knmi.nl format.
Usage
ReadClimexpKnmiNL12month(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
ReadCRDEC reads a file from GHCN-D Canada, with date+Q into a dataframe.
Usage
ReadCRDEC(filename, FlagAnnualMean = F)
Arguments
filename File name
FlagAnnualMean Logical, if TRUE then return the annual mean instead of the monthly values
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
ReadECAdata 49
Description
ReadECAdata reads data from a file downloaded from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset
project.
Usage
ReadECAdata(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A matrix with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
ReadEtmgegFile reads a file from the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) into a
dataframe.
Usage
ReadEtmgegFile(filename, optCols = NULL)
Arguments
filename File name
optCols user select colums
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
50 ReadGHCNymd
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# data from the ECA station series of Eelde (The Netherlands) from 1900 to 2000
EtmgegData<-ReadEtmgegFile('etmgeg_280.txt',c(2,12,13,15))
Description
Usage
ReadGHCNymd(filename)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
Description
ReadHERTTAdailyCSV reads a file from Finland’s Environmental centre (HERTTA) into a dataframe.
Usage
ReadHERTTAdailyCSV(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
ReadHERTTAdmyQdaily reads a month+year+Q file from Finland’s Environmental centre (HERTTA)
into a dataframe.
Usage
ReadHERTTAdmyQdaily(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
52 ReadNdp040stationDat
Description
ReadMeteoSwiss reads a daily values file from MeteoSwiss.
Usage
ReadMeteoSwiss(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
ReadNdp040stationDat reads data from a file downloaded from the Carbon Dioxide Information
Analysis Center (CDIAC). Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data for 223 Former-USSR Sta-
tions.
Usage
ReadNdp040stationDat(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A matrix with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
ReadPSMSLmonthly 53
Description
ReadPSMSLmonthly reads a file from the Permanent Service for Mean Sea Level (PSMSL) into a
dataframe.
Usage
ReadPSMSLmonthly(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Description
ReadUSGS2timeseries reads a .part file which is a USGS discharge file.
Usage
ReadUSGS2timeseries(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A matrix with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
54 ReadYearAnd12MonthsData
Description
ReadUSHCN reads a file from the United States Historical Climatology Network (USHCN) into a
dataframe.
Usage
ReadUSHCN(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A dataframe with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
ReadYearAnd12MonthsData
Read a TAB delimited data file with year and months in columns
Description
ReadYearAnd12MonthsData reads a monthly values file with the data as y + 12 months in 1 line.
Usage
ReadYearAnd12MonthsData(filename)
Arguments
filename File name
Value
A matrix with the read data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
SiegelTukey 55
Description
SiegelTukey returns the annual mean of the absolute day-to-day differences of the diurnal temper-
ature range (SiegelTukey).
Usage
SiegelTukey(x,y,id.col=FALSE,adjust.median=FALSE,rnd=-1,alternative="two.sided",
mu=0 ,paired=FALSE,exact=FALSE,correct=TRUE,conf.int=FALSE,conf.level=0.95,
showresult=TRUE, returnresult=TRUE)
Arguments
x vector of data
y Data of the second group (if id.col=FALSE) or group indicator (if id.col=TRUE).
In the latter case, y MUST take 1 or 2 to indicate observations of group 1 and 2,
respectively, and x must contain the data for both groups.
id.col If FALSE (default), then x and y are the data columns for group 1 and 2, respec-
tively. If TRUE, the y is the group indicator.
adjust.median Should between-group differences in medians be leveled before performing the
test? In certain cases, the Siegel-Tukey test is susceptible to median differences
and may indicate significant differences in variability that, in reality, stem from
differences in medians.
rnd Should the data be rounded and, if so, to which decimal? The default (-1) uses
the data as is. Otherwise, rnd must be a non-negative integer. Typically, this
option is not needed. However, occasionally, differences in the precision with
which certain functions return values cause the merging of two data frames to
fail within the SiegelTukey function. Only then rounding is necessary. This
operation should not be performed if it affects the ranks of observations.
alternative "one.sided" or "two.sided".
mu mu.
paired Logical, TRUE=paired, FALSE=not paired.
exact Logical, TRUE=paired, FALSE=.
correct Logical, TRUE=paired, FALSE=.
conf.int Confidence interval.
conf.level Confidence level.
showresult Logical, show the result or not.
returnresult Logical, return the result or not.
56 SiegelTukey
Value
groupmedian1 Group median 1
groupmedian2 Group median 2
testmediandifferences
Wilcoxon-test for between-group differences in median (after the median ad-
justment if specified)
wilcox.test.p.value
Wilcoxon-test for between-group differences in median (after the median ad-
justment if specified)
wilcox.test.null.value
Wilcoxon-test for between-group differences in median (after the median ad-
justment if specified)
unique.x.tieadjusted.rank
Unique values of x and their tie-adjusted Siegel-Tukey ranks
tieadjusted.ranks.group1
Tie-adjusted Siegel-Tukey ranks of group 1
tieadjusted.ranks.group2
Tie-adjusted Siegel-Tukey ranks of group 2
wilcoxon.W Wilcoxon-test for between-group differences in median (after the median ad-
justment if specified)
wilcoxon.p.value
Wilcoxon-test for between-group differences in median (after the median ad-
justment if specified)
Author(s)
Daniel Malter
Source
Daniel Malter, 2012 https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2010-February/229215.html
References
Sidney Siegel and John Wilder Tukey, 1960 A nonparametric sum of ranks procedure for relative
spread in unpaired samples. Journal of the American Statistical Association.
David J. Sheskin, 2004 Handbook of parametric and nonparametric statistical procedures. 3rd
edition. Chapman and Hall/CRC. Boca Raton, FL.
Richard H. McCuen, 2002 Modeling Hydrologic Change: Statistical Methods CRC Press
Examples
x=c(4,4,5,5,6,6)
y=c(0,0,1,9,10,10)
SiegelTukey(x,y)
SNHT.Critical.Values 57
Description
SNHT.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the SNHT test from Khaliq and Ouarda,
2007. SNHT.Critical.Values.Alexandersson1997 has the data from Alexandersson 1997, which
is used in AnClim.
Usage
SNHT.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 2 columns (90.00 and 108 rows (n=10, 12, 14, 16, ..., 15000, 20000,
50000) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Khaliq, M. N., Ouarda, T. B. M. J. 2007 On the critical values of the standard normal homogeneity
test (SNHT) International Journal of Climatology John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1002/joc.1438
References
Khaliq, M. N., Ouarda, T. B. M. J. 2007 On the critical values of the standard normal homogeneity
test (SNHT) International Journal of Climatology John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. http://dx.doi.org/
10.1002/joc.1438
Examples
data(SNHT.Critical.Values)
SNHT.Critical.Values
58 SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values
SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values
Critical values for the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for
two different SDs
Description
SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the SNHT test for 2
different SDs from Alexandersson and Moberg (1997).
Usage
SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 2 columns (90.00 and 108 rows (n=10, 12, 14, 16, ..., 15000, 20000,
50000) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
References
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
Examples
data(SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values)
SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values 59
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values
Critical values for the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for
two shifts
Description
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the SNHT test for 2 shifts from
Alexandersson (1995).
Usage
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 2 columns (90.00 and 108 rows (n=10, 12, 14, 16, ..., 15000, 20000,
50000) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Alexandersson, H., 1995. Homogeneity testing, multiple breaks and trends. Proceedings of the
Sixth International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Galway, Ireland, 439-441.
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
References
Alexandersson, H., 1995. Homogeneity testing, multiple breaks and trends. Proceedings of the
Sixth International Meeting on Statistical Climatology, Galway, Ireland, 439-441.
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
Examples
data(SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values)
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values
60 SNHTabsolute
Description
SNHTabsolute returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) absolute homo-
geneity test applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTabsolute(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
The result of the SNHT absolute homogeneity test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Examples
# standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- SNHTabsolute(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
plot(1961:2002,testTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(0,20),
main='standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) 1961-2003',xlab='Years',ylab='test value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2002,testMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(0,20),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
SNHTabsolute2SDs 61
Description
SNHTabsolute2SDs returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) absolute
homogeneity test for two different SDs applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTabsolute2SDs(dataSeries)
Arguments
Value
The result of the SNHT absolute homogeneity test for two different SDs.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
References
Examples
# standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- SNHTabsolute2SDs(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
plot(1961:2000,testTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(0,30),
main='standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) 2 SDs 1961-2003',xlab='Years',ylab='test value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2000,testMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(0,30),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift
standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) absolute homogeneity test
for two shifts
Description
SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT)
absolute homogeneity test for two shifts applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
SNHTdata T SNHT absolute homogeneity test for trends
PosSecondShift estimated position of the second shift
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
SNHTabsoluteII 63
References
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
Examples
# standard normal homogeneity test for two shifts(SNHT) for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])$SNHTdata
# standard normal homogeneity test for two shifts(SNHT) for Milan 1961-2003
testMilan<- SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,3])$SNHTdata
plot(1961:2002,testTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(0,30),
main='standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for two shifts 1961-2003',
xlab='Years',ylab='test value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2002,testMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(0,30),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
Description
SNHTabsoluteII returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) absolute ho-
mogeneity test with standard deviation different from 1, applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTabsoluteII(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
The result of the SNHT absolute homogeneity test with SD != 1.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
64 SNHTabsoluteTrend
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Examples
# standard normal homogeneity test, SD different from 1(SNHT) for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- SNHTabsoluteII(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
# standard normal homogeneity test, SD different from 1(SNHT) for Milan 1961-2003
testMilan<- SNHTabsoluteII(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,3])
plot(1961:2002,testTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(0,30),
main='standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT), SD different from 1 for 1961-2003',
xlab='Years',ylab='test value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2002,testMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(0,30),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
Description
SNHTabsoluteTrend returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) absolute
homogeneity test for trends applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTabsoluteTrend(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
SNHTdata T SNHT absolute homogeneity test for trends
PosStartTrend estimated start position of the trend
SNHTrelative 65
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
References
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
Examples
# standard normal homogeneity test for trends(SNHT) for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- SNHTabsoluteTrend(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])$SNHTdata
plot(1961:2002,testTurin,type='l',col='cyan',ylim=c(0,30),
main='standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) for trends, 1961-2003',xlab='Years',ylab='test value')
par(new=TRUE)
plot(1961:2002,testMilan,type='l',col='magenta',ylim=c(0,30),xlab='',ylab='')
legend("top",c('Turin','Milan'),text.col=c('cyan','magenta'))
Description
SNHTrelative returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) relative homo-
geneity test applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTrelative(dataSeries,refSeries=NA, diffFlag=TRUE)
66 SNHTrelative2SDs
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
refSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
Value
The result of the SNHT relative homogeneity test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
References
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
Description
SNHTrelative2SDs returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) relative
homogeneity test for two different SDs applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTrelative2SDs(dataSeries,refSeries=NA, diffFlag=TRUE)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
refSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift 67
Value
The result of the SNHT relative homogeneity test for two different SDs.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
References
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift
standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) relative homogeneity test
for two shifts
Description
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT)
relative homogeneity test for two shifts applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift(dataSeries,refSeries=NA, diffFlag=TRUE)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
refSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
Value
SNHTdata T SNHT relative homogeneity test for trends
PosSecondShift estimated position of the second shift
68 SNHTrelativeII
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
References
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
Description
SNHTrelativeII returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) relative ho-
mogeneity test with standard deviation different from 1, applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTrelativeII(dataSeries,refSeries=NA, diffFlag=TRUE)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
refSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
Value
The result of the SNHT relative homogeneity test with SD != 1.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
SNHTrelativeTrend 69
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Description
SNHTrelativeTrend returns the result of the standard normal homogeneity test (SNHT) relative
homogeneity test for trends applied to a time series.
Usage
SNHTrelativeTrend(dataSeries,refSeries=NA, diffFlag=TRUE)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
refSeries dataframe with climate data (reference)
diffFlag logical TRUE=difference, FALSE=ratio
Value
SNHTdata T SNHT relative homogeneity test for trends
PosStartTrend estimated start position of the trend
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
ALEXANDERSSON, H. and MOBERG, A. (1997), HOMOGENIZATION OF SWEDISH TEM-
PERATURE DATA. PART I: HOMOGENEITY TEST FOR LINEAR TRENDS. Int. J. Climatol.,
17: 25–34. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0088(199701)17:1<25::AID-JOC103>3.0.CO;2-J
Tuomenvirta, H., 2002: Homogeneity testing and adjustment of climatic time series in Finland.
Geophysica, 38(1-2), 15-41.
70 Sqplot
References
Description
Usage
Sqplot(n)
Arguments
n number of elements
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
Sqplot(10)
TietjenMoore 71
Description
Usage
TietjenMoore(dataSeries,k)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
References
Examples
Description
TrimmedMean returns the trimmed mean of a time series.
Usage
TrimmedMean(dataSeries, percentTrim=0.1)
Arguments
dataSeries time series
percentTrim percentage to trim
Value
The trimmed mean of a time series.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
TrimmedMean(1:10)
Description
TurningPointsTest returns the result of the Turning Points (non-parametric test for randomness)
applied to a time series.
Usage
TurningPointsTest(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries vector with climate data
Value
The result of the Turning Points test.
ValuesBetween2Dates 73
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
References
Chiew F. and Siriwardena L., 2005 CRC for Catchment Hydrology Trend 1.0.2 User Guide, chapter
4.2.11 Rank Difference Test, pp. 21 http://www.toolkit.net.au/Tools/TREND/documentation
Kundzewicz, Z.W. and Robson, A., 2000 Detecting Trend and Other Changes in Hydrological Data.
World Climate Program - Water, WMO/UNESCO, WCDMP-45, WMO/TD 1013, Geneva, 157 pp.
Grayson, R.B., Argent, R.M., Nathan, R.J., McMahon, T.A. and Mein, R., 1996 Hydrological
Recipes: Estimation Techniques in Australian Hydrology. Cooperative Research Centre for Catch-
ment Hydrology, Australia, 125 pp.
Examples
x=c(681,3661,8625,2475,573,2794,10190,5143,4139,8945,7295,19883,12119,8772,
8848,16309,16254,2303,7671,3985,
13742,5333,4859,12381,12137,6075,4669,378,7507,3891,13046,12954,2445,14759,
20200,16331,6922,6739,11629,
7351,2445,9960,10,11786,10214,11216,8393,10005,6896,11632)
TurningPointsTest(x)
Description
Usage
ValuesBetween2Dates(dataYearSeries,FromDate,ToDate)
74 ValuesBetween2years
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
FromDate starting date
ToDate ending date
Value
values between two dates.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville <- ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
dailyCollegeville0910 <- ValuesBetween2Dates(dailyCollegeville,'2009-01-01','2010-12-30')
Description
ValuesBetween2years returns all the values between 2 years, that is, the 1st and the last days of a
year range.
Usage
ValuesBetween2years(dataYearSeries,intFromYear,intToYear)
Arguments
dataYearSeries dataframe with climate data
intFromYear starting year
intToYear ending year
Value
values between two years.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
VDTR 75
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville=ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
yearlyCollegeville=YearFuncFromDay(dailyCollegeville)
colnames(yearlyCollegeville) <- c('year','temperature')
yearlyCollegeville<-ValuesBetween2years(yearlyCollegeville,1918,1993)
Description
VDTR returns the annual mean of the absolute day-to-day differences of the diurnal temperature
range (VDTR).
Usage
VDTR(yearDF,datecol,valcol)
Arguments
yearDF matrix with diurnal temperature range data
datecol column with dates
valcol column with diurnal temperature range data
Value
absolute day-to-day differences of the diurnal temperature range (VDTR).
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
76 Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Examples
# data from the ECA station series of Eelde (The Netherlands) from 1900 to 2000
EtmgegData<-ReadEtmgegFile('etmgeg_280.txt',c(2,12,13,15))
until2000<-EtmgegData[which(EtmgegData[,1]<'2001-01-01'),] # zr are the data until 2000
until2000[,2:4]<-until2000[,2:4]/10 # divide by 10 to get a scale of 1 degrees Celsius
# calculate DTR
u2000DTR<-until2000[,-2] #get rid of the mean
u2000DTR[,2]<-u2000DTR[,3]-u2000DTR[,2] #DTR=MAX-MIN
u2000DTR<-u2000DTR[,-3]
u2000mDTR<-YearMeanFromDay(u2000DTR,1,2)
# calculate VDTR
u2000VDTR<-VDTR(u2000DTR,1,2)
Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Critical values for the Von Neumann ratio test
Description
Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the Von Neumann
ratio test.
Usage
Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 2 columns (1 and 6 rows (n=20, 30, 40, 50, 70 and 100) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Von Neumann J., 1941 Distribution of the ratio of the mean square successive difference to the
variance. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 13: 367–395.
References
Von Neumann J., 1941 Distribution of the ratio of the mean square successive difference to the
variance. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 13: 367–395.
Examples
data(Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values)
Von.Neumann.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
VonNeumannRatio 77
Description
VonNeumannRatio returns the result of the Von Neumann ratio test applied to a time series.
Usage
VonNeumannRatio(dataSeries)
Arguments
dataSeries time series of climate data
Value
The result of the Pettitt test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Von Neumann J., 1941 Distribution of the ratio of the mean square successive difference to the
variance. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 13: 367–395.
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Von Neumann J., 1941 Distribution of the ratio of the mean square successive difference to the
variance. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 13: 367–395.
Examples
# Von Neumann ratio test for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- VonNeumannRatio(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
Description
VonNeumannRatioRank returns the result of the Von Neumann ratio rank test applied to a time
series.
Usage
VonNeumannRatioRank(dataSeries)
Arguments
Value
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Robert Bartels, 1982 The Rank Version of von Neumann’s Ratio Test for Randomness Journal of the
American Statistical Association Vol. 77, No. 377 pp. 40-46 http://www.jstor.org/stable/
2287767
References
Robert Bartels, 1982 The Rank Version of von Neumann’s Ratio Test for Randomness Journal of the
American Statistical Association Vol. 77, No. 377 pp. 40-46 http://www.jstor.org/stable/
2287767
Examples
# Von Neumann ratio rank test for Turin 1961-2003
testTurin<- VonNeumannRatioRank(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan[,2])
Description
WetDayCount returns the number of wet days with a certain threshold in mm).
Usage
WetDayCount(yearDF, datecol, valcol, vthreshold)
Arguments
yearDF dataframe with climate data
datecol column with dates
valcol column with precipitation data
vthreshold threshold in mm
Value
number of wet days.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
z<-ReadECAdata('RR_SOUID101991.txt')
d1900.2000<-z[which(z[,1]<'2001-01-01'),]
d1900.2000<-d1900.2000[which(d1900.2000[,1]>='1900-01-01'),]
y1900.2000w<-WetDayCount(d1900.2000,1,2,10)
woOp x without y
Description
%w/o% returns TRUE if there are no matching values
Usage
x %w/o% y
80 Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Arguments
x string
y another string
Value
logical, TRUE = no matching values
Author(s)
Jose’ Gama
Source
R documentation, Value Matching /urlhttp://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-patched/library/base/html/match.html
References
R documentation, Value Matching /urlhttp://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-patched/library/base/html/match.html
Examples
## Not run:
(1:10)
1950:1970
## End(Not run)
Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Critical values for Worsley’s likelihood ratio test
Description
Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values contains the critical values for the Wors-
ley’s likelihood ratio test.
Usage
Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
Format
This data frame contains 6 columns (Q90 and 7 rows (n=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 and Inf) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
WorsleyLikelihoodRatio 81
Source
Worsley, K.J., 1979 On the likelihood ratio test for a shift in location of normal populations. J. Am.
Stat. Assoc., 74: 365–367.
References
Worsley, K.J., 1979 On the likelihood ratio test for a shift in location of normal populations. J. Am.
Stat. Assoc., 74: 365–367.
Examples
data(Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values)
Worsley.Likelihood.Ratio.Test.Critical.Values
WorsleyLikelihoodRatio
Worsley’s Likelihood Ratio test
Description
WorsleyLikelihoodRatio returns the result of Worsley’s Likelihood Ratio test applied to a time
series.
Usage
WorsleyLikelihoodRatio(yearDF, datecol=1,valcol=2, returnZk=FALSE)
Arguments
yearDF dataframe with climate data
datecol column with dates
valcol column with values
returnZk return calculated data Zk
Value
The result of Worsley’s Likelihood Ratio test.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
82 YearFuncFromDay
References
Wijngaard, J. B., Klein Tank, A. M. G. and Können, G. P. (2003), Homogeneity of 20th cen-
tury European daily temperature and precipitation series. Int. J. Climatol., 23: 679–692. doi:
10.1002/joc.906
Examples
demo(demoWorsleyLR)
Description
YearFuncFromDay returns annual values converted by a function from daily values.
YearMeanFromDay returns annual values averaged from daily values.
Usage
YearFuncFromDay(yearDF, datecol=1,valcol=2, yfunc=mean)
Arguments
yearDF dataframe with climate data
datecol column with dates
valcol column with values
yfunc function to apply on the data
Value
Annual values.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Examples
# xgdcnCA008201000.dat is from ECA COLLEGEVILLE temperature
setwd(system.file('extdata/', package='climtrends'))
dailyCollegeville=ReadGHCNymd('xgdcnCA008201000.dat')
yearlyCollegeville=YearFuncFromDay(dailyCollegeville)
yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan 83
yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan
Yearly average temperature in Turin, Milan
Description
yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan contains the yearly average temperature in Turin,
Milan.
Usage
yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan
Format
This data frame contains 6 columns (Q90 and 7 rows (n=10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100 and Inf) of data.
Author(s)
Jose Gama
Source
Historical Climatology Group, 2005 Training session on homogenisation methods Bologna 17-18
May, 2005
References
Historical Climatology Group, 2005 Training session on homogenisation methods Bologna 17-18
May, 2005
Examples
data(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan)
str(yearly.average.temperature.Turin.Milan)
Index
84
INDEX 85
ReadPSMSLmonthly, 53 CumulativeDeviationsQR
ReadUSGS2timeseries, 53 (CumulativeDeviations), 13
ReadUSHCN, 54
ReadYearAnd12MonthsData, 54 DailyClimatologyFromDailyData, 14
SiegelTukey, 55 DistributionFreeCUSUM, 15
SNHTabsolute, 60
SNHTabsolute2SDs, 61 ESDstatistic, 16
SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift, 62
SNHTabsoluteII, 63 FillDailyGapsWithSomeValue, 17
SNHTabsoluteTrend, 64 FillYearlyGapsWithSomeValue, 18
SNHTrelative, 65 FindCommonPeriod, 19
SNHTrelative2SDs, 66 FindOutliersESDtest, 19
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift, 67 FindOutliersGrubbsOnesidedMax
SNHTrelativeII, 68 (FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided),
SNHTrelativeTrend, 69 20
Sqplot, 70 FindOutliersGrubbsOnesidedMin
TietjenMoore, 71 (FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided),
TrimmedMean, 72 20
TurningPointsTest, 72 FindOutliersGrubbsTwosided, 20
ValuesBetween2Dates, 73 FindOutliersHampel, 21
ValuesBetween2years, 74 FindOutliersMAD, 22
VDTR, 75 FindOutliersModifiedZscore
VonNeumannRatio, 77 (FindOutliersZscore), 27
VonNeumannRatioRank, 78 FindOutliersQuant, 23
FindOutliersSD, 24
WetDayCount, 79
FindOutliersTietjenMooreTest, 25
woOp, 79
FindOutliersTrimmedMeans, 26
WorsleyLikelihoodRatio, 81
FindOutliersZscore, 27
YearFuncFromDay, 82
FirstMonthOfSeason, 27
%w/o% (woOp), 79
GetInfoHomogenization, 28
AdjHomogenization, 4 GetNDP, 29
AllfilesIEObyPathPattern, 4 GetShiftValue, 29
AllReadUSGS2timeseries, 5
annual.precipitation.totals.Madison, 5 IsLeapYear, 30
BSXFUN, 6 LastDayOfTheMonth, 31
Buishand.Critical.Values, 7 LastMonthOfSeason (FirstMonthOfSeason),
BuishandRangeTest, 8 27
LevelSignifMarks, 31
CompleteMissingValuesDailyMean, 9 ListContinuousDays, 32
CraddockTest, 10 ListHomogStats, 33
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMean, 11 ListHomogTZ, 34
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations,
12 MedianCrossingTest, 35
MonthlyAnomaliesFromDailyData, 36
CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelationsTwoseries
MonthlyClimatologyFromDailyData, 37
(CreateReferenceSeriesFromFilesMeanCorrelations),
12 MonthlyFuncFromDay, 37
CumulativeDeviations, 13 MonthTrendYearsFuncFromDay, 38
86 INDEX
SiegelTukey, 55
SNHT.Critical.Values, 57
SNHT.TwoDifferentSDs.Critical.Values,
58
SNHT.TwoShifts.Critical.Values, 59
SNHTabsolute, 60
SNHTabsolute2SDs, 61
SNHTabsoluteDoubleShift, 62
SNHTabsoluteII, 63
SNHTabsoluteTrend, 64
SNHTrelative, 65
SNHTrelative2SDs, 66
SNHTrelativeDoubleShift, 67
SNHTrelativeII, 68