FactoMineR PDF

Package FactoMineR
January 7, 2016
Version 1.31.5
Date 2016-01-07
Title Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining
Author Francois Husson, Julie Josse, Sebastien Le, Jeremy Mazet
Maintainer Francois Husson <[email protected]>
Depends R (>= 2.12.0)
Imports
car,cluster,ellipse,flashClust,graphics,grDevices,lattice,leaps,MASS,scatterplot3d,stats,data.table,dplyr
Suggests missMDA
Description Exploratory data analysis methods such as principal component methods and clustering.
License GPL (>= 2)
URL http://factominer.free.fr
Encoding latin1
NeedsCompilation no
Repository CRAN
Date/Publication 2016-01-07 14:13:10
R topics documented:
FactoMineR-package . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
AovSum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
autoLab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
CaGalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
catdes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
coeffRV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
condes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
coord.ellipse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
decathlon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
descfreq . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
1
2 R topics documented:
dimdesc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
DMFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
ellipseCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
estim_ncp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
FAMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
footsize . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
geomorphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
GPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
graph.var . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
HCPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
HMFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
hobbies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
JO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
MCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
MFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
milk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
plot.CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
plot.CaGalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
plot.catdes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
plot.DMFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
plot.FAMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
plot.GPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
plot.HCPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
plot.HMFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
plot.MCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
plot.MFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
plot.PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
plot.spMCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
plotellipses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
plotGPApartial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
plotMFApartial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
poison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
poison.text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
poulet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
prefpls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
print.CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
print.CaGalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
print.FAMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
print.GPA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
print.HCPC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
print.HMFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
print.MCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
print.MFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
print.PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
print.spMCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
FactoMineR-package 3
reconst . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
RegBest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
senso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
simule . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
spMCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
summary.CA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
summary.CaGalt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
summary.FAMD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
summary.MCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
summary.MFA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
summary.PCA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
svd.triplet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
tab.disjonctif . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
tab.disjonctif.prop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
tea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
textual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
write.infile . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Index 93
FactoMineR-package Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining with R
Description
The method proposed in this package are exploratory mutlivariate methods such as principal com-
ponent analysis, correspondence analysis or clustering.
Details
Package: FactoMineR
Type: Package
Version: 1.28
Date: 2014-09-26
License: GPL
LazyLoad: yes
Author(s)
Francois Husson, Julie Josse, Sebastien Le, Jeremy Mazet

Maintainer: <[email protected]>
4 AovSum
References
L, S., Josse, J. & Husson, F. (2008). FactoMineR: An R Package for Multivariate Analysis. Journal
of Statistical Software. 25(1). pp. 1-18. http://www.jstatsoft.org/v25/i01/
A website: http://factominer.free.fr/
Some videos: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLnZgp6epRBbTsZEFXi_p6W48HhNyqwxIu
AovSum Analysis of variance with the contrasts sum (the sum of the coefficients
is 0)
Description
Analysis of variance with the contrasts sum (the sum of the coefficients is 0)
Test for all the coefficients
Handle missing values
Usage
AovSum(formula, data, na.action = na.omit, ...)
Arguments
formula the formula for the model y~x1+x2+x1:x2
data a data-frame
na.action (where relevant) information returned by model.frame on the special handling
of NAs.
... other arguments, cf the function lm
Value
Retourne des objets
Ftest a table with the F-tests

Ttest a table with the t-tests
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
aov, lm
autoLab 5
Examples
## Example two-way anova
data(senso)
res = AovSum(Score~ Product + Day , data=senso)
res
## Example two-way anova with interaction

data(senso)
res2 = AovSum(Score~ Product + Day + Product : Day, data=senso)
res2
## Example ancova
data(footsize)
res3 = AovSum(footsize ~ size + sex + size : sex, data=footsize)
res3
autoLab Function to better position the labels on the graphs
Description
Function to better position the labels on the graphs.
Usage
autoLab(x, y = NULL, labels = seq(along = x), cex = 1,
method = c("SANN", "GA"),
allowSmallOverlap = FALSE,
trace = FALSE, shadotext = FALSE,
doPlot = TRUE, ...)
Arguments
x the x-coordinates
y the y-coordinates
labels the labels
cex cex
method not used
allowSmallOverlap
boolean
trace boolean
shadotext boolean
doPlot boolean
... further arguments passed to or from other methods
Value
See the text function
6 CA
CA Correspondence Analysis (CA)
Description
Performs Correspondence Analysis (CA) including supplementary row and/or column points.
Usage
CA(X, ncp = 5, row.sup = NULL, col.sup = NULL, quanti.sup=NULL,
quali.sup = NULL, graph = TRUE, axes = c(1,2), row.w = NULL)
Arguments
X a data frame or a table with n rows and p columns, i.e. a contingency table
ncp number of dimensions kept in the results (by default 5)
row.sup a vector indicating the indexes of the supplementary rows
col.sup a vector indicating the indexes of the supplementary columns
quanti.sup a vector indicating the indexes of the supplementary continuous variables
quali.sup a vector indicating the indexes of the categorical supplementary variables
graph boolean, if TRUE a graph is displayed
axes a length 2 vector specifying the components to plot
row.w an optional row weights (by default, a vector of 1 and each row has a weight
equals to its margin)
Value
Returns a list including:
eig a matrix containing all the eigenvalues, the percentage of variance and the cu-
mulative percentage of variance
col a list of matrices with all the results for the column variable (coordinates, square
cosine, contributions, inertia)
row a list of matrices with all the results for the row variable (coordinates, square
cosine, contributions, inertia)
col.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary column points
(coordinates, square cosine)
row.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary row points
quanti.sup if quanti.sup is not NULL, a matrix containing the results for the supplementary
continuous variables (coordinates, square cosine)
quali.sup if quali.sup is not NULL, a list of matrices with all the results for the supple-
mentary categorical variables (coordinates of each categories of each variables,
v.test which is a criterion with a Normal distribution, square correlation ratio)
CaGalt 7
call a list with some statistics

Returns the row and column points factor map.
The plot may be improved using the argument autolab, modifying the size of the labels or selecting
some elements thanks to the plot.CA function.
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>,Jeremy Mazet
References
Benzecri, J.-P. (1992) Correspondence Analysis Handbook, New-York : Dekker
Benzecri, J.-P. (1980) Lanalyse des donnes tome 2 : lanalyse des correspondances, Paris : Bordas
Greenacre, M.J. (1993) Correspondence Analysis in Practice, London : Academic Press
Husson, F., Le, S. and Pages, J. (2009). Analyse de donnees avec R, Presses Universitaires de
Rennes.
Husson, F., Le, S. and Pages, J. (2010). Exploratory Multivariate Analysis by Example Using R,
Chapman and Hall.
See Also
print.CA, summary.CA, ellipseCA, plot.CA, dimdesc,
Video showing how to perform CA with FactoMineR
Examples
data(children)
res.ca <- CA (children, row.sup = 15:18, col.sup = 6:8)
summary(res.ca)
## Ellipses for all the active elements
ellipseCA(res.ca)
## Ellipses around some columns only
ellipseCA(res.ca,ellipse="col",col.col.ell=c(rep("blue",2),rep("transparent",3)),
invisible=c("row.sup","col.sup"))
CaGalt Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table

(CaGalt)
Description
Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table (CaGalt) aims at expanding
correspondence analysis on an aggregated lexical table to the case of several quantitative and cat-
egorical variables with the objective of establishing a typology of the variables and a typology of
the frequencies from their mutual relationships. To avoid the instability issued from multicollinear-
ity among the contextual variables and limit the influence of noisy measurements, the contextual
variables are substituted by their principal components. Validation tests in the form of confidence
ellipses for the frequencies and the variables are also proposed.
8 CaGalt
Usage
CaGalt(Y, X, type="s", conf.ellip=FALSE, nb.ellip=100, level.ventil=0,
sx=NULL, graph=TRUE, axes=c(1,2))
Arguments
Y a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (frequencies)
X a data frame with n rows (individuals) and k columns (quantitative or categorical
variables)
type the type of variables: "c" or "s" for quantitative variables and "n" for categorical
variables. The difference is that for "s" variables are scaled to unit variance (by
default, variables are scaled to unit variance)
conf.ellip boolean (FALSE by default), if TRUE, draw confidence ellipses around the fre-
quencies and the variables when "graph" is TRUE
nb.ellip number of bootstrap samples to compute the confidence ellipses (by default 100)
level.ventil proportion corresponding to the level under which the category is ventilated; by
default, 0 and no ventilation is done. Available only when type is equal to "n"
sx number of principal components kept from the principal axes analysis of the
contextual variables (by default is NULL and all principal components are kept)
Value
ind a list of matrices containing all the results for the individuals (coordinates, square
cosine)
freq a list of matrices containing all the results for the frequencies (coordinates,
square cosine, contributions)
quanti.var a list of matrices containing all the results for the quantitative variables (coordi-
nates, correlation between variables and axes, square cosine)
quali.var a list of matrices containing all the results for the categorical variables (coordi-
nates of each categories of each variables, square cosine)
ellip a list of matrices containing the coordinates of the frequencies and variables for
replicated samples from which the confidence ellipses are constructed
Returns the individuals, the frequencies and the variables factor map. If there are more than 50
frequencies, the first 50 frequencies that have the highest contribution on the 2 dimensions of your
plot are drawn. The plots may be improved using the argument autolab, modifying the size of the
labels or selecting some elements thanks to the plot.CaGalt function.
catdes 9
Author(s)
Belchin Kostov <[email protected]>, Monica Becue-Bertaut, Francois Husson
References
Becue-Bertaut, M., Pages, J. and Kostov, B. (2014). Untangling the influence of several contextual
variables on the respondents\ lexical choices. A statistical approach.SORT Becue-Bertaut, M. and
Pages, J. (2014). Correspondence analysis of textual data involving contextual information: Ca-galt
on principal components.Advances in Data Analysis and Classification
See Also
print.CaGalt, summary.CaGalt, plot.CaGalt
Examples
## Not run:
###Example with categorical variables
data(health)
res.cagalt<-CaGalt(Y=health[,1:115],X=health[,116:118],type="n")
## End(Not run)
catdes Categories description
Description
Description of the categories of one factor by categorical variables and/or by quantitative variables
Usage
catdes(donnee,num.var,proba = 0.05, row.w = NULL)
Arguments
donnee a data frame made up of at least one categorical variables and a set of quantitative
variables and/or categorical variables
num.var the indice of the variable to characterized
proba the significance threshold considered to characterized the category (by default
0.05)
row.w a vector of integers corresponding to an optional row weights (by default, a
vector of 1 for uniform row weights)
10 children
Value
test.chi The categorical variables which characterized the factor are listed in ascending
order (from the one which characterized the most the factor to the one which
significantly characterized with the proba proba
category description of each category of the num.var by each category of all the categor-
ical variables
quanti.var the global description of the num.var variable by the quantitative variables with
the square correlation coefficient and the p-value of the F-test in a one-way anal-
ysis of variance (assuming the hypothesis of homoscedsticity)
quanti the description of each category of the num.var variable by the quantitative
variables.
Author(s)
References
Chapman and Hall. Lebart, L., Morineau, A. and Piron, M. (1995) Statistique exploratoire multi-
dimensionnelle, Dunod.
See Also
plot.catdes, condes
Examples
data(wine)
catdes(wine, num.var=2)
children Children (data)
Description
The data used here is a contingency table that summarizes the answers given by different categories
of people to the following question : according to you, what are the reasons that can make hesitate
a woman or a couple to have children?
Usage
data(children)
coeffRV 11
Format
A data frame with 18 rows and 8 columns. Rows represent the different reasons mentioned, columns
represent the different categories (education, age) people belong to.
Source
Traitements Statistiques des Enqutes (D. Grang, L. Lebart, eds.) Dunod, 1993
Examples
data(children)
res.ca <- CA (children, row.sup = 15:18, col.sup = 6:8)
coeffRV Calculate the RV coefficient and test its significance
Description
Calculate the RV coefficient and test its significance.
Usage
coeffRV(X, Y)
Arguments
X a matrix with n rows (individuals) and p numerous columns (variables)
Y a matrix with n rows (individuals) and p numerous columns (variables)
Details
Calculates the RV coefficient between X and Y. It returns also the standardized RV, the expectation,
the variance and the skewness under the permutation distribution. These moments are used to
approximate the exact distribution of the RV statistic with the Pearson type III approximation and
the p-value associated to this test is given.
Value
A list containing the following components:
RV the RV coefficient between the two matrices
RVs the standardized RV coefficients
mean the mean of the RV permutation distribution
variance the variance of the RV permutation distribution
skewness the skewness of the RV permutation distribution
p.value the p-value associated to the test of the significativity of the RV coefficient (with
the Pearson type III approximation
12 condes
Author(s)
Julie Josse, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
References
Escouffier, Y. (1973) Le traitement des variables vectorielles. Biometrics 29 751760.

Josse, J., Husson, F., Pag\es, J. (2007) Testing the significance of the RV coefficient. Computational
Statististics and Data Analysis. 53 8291.
Kazi-Aoual, F., Hitier, S., Sabatier, R., Lebreton, J.-D., (1995) Refined approximations to permuta-
tions tests for multivariate inference. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 20, 643656
Examples
data(wine)
X <- wine[,3:7]
Y <- wine[,11:20]
coeffRV(X,Y)
condes Continuous variable description
Description
Description continuous by quantitative variables and/or by categorical variables
Usage
condes(donnee,num.var,weights=NULL,proba = 0.05)
Arguments
donnee a data frame made up of at least one quantitative variable and a set of quantitative
variables and/or categorical variables
num.var the number of the variable to characterized
weights weights for the individuals; if NULL, all individuals has a weight equals to 1; the
sum of the weights can be equal to 1 and then the weights will be multiplied by
the number of individuals, the sum can be greater than the number of individuals
0.05)
coord.ellipse 13
Value
quanti the description of the num.var variable by the quantitative variables. The vari-
ables are sorted in ascending order (from the one which characterized the most
to the one which significantly characterized with the proba proba)
quali The categorical variables which characterized the continuous variables are listed
in ascending order
category description of the continuous variable num.var by each category of all the cate-
gorical variables
Author(s)
See Also
catdes
Examples
data(decathlon)
condes(decathlon, num.var=3)
coord.ellipse Construct confidence ellipses
Description
Construct confidence ellipses
Usage
coord.ellipse (coord.simul, centre = NULL, axes = c(1, 2),
level.conf = 0.95, npoint = 100, bary = FALSE)
Arguments
coord.simul a data frame containing the coordinates of the individuals for which the confi-
dence ellipses are constructed. This data frame can contain more than 2 vari-
ables; the variables taken into account are chosen after. The first column must
be a factor which allows to associate one row to an ellipse. The simule object of
the result of the simule function correspond to a data frame.
centre a data frame whose columns are the same than those of the coord.simul, and
with the coordinates of the centre of each ellipse. This parameter is optional and
NULL by default; in this case, the centre of the ellipses is calculated from the
data
14 decathlon
axes a length 2 vector specifying the components of coord.simul that are taken into
account
level.conf confidence level used to construct the ellipses. By default, 0.95
npoint number of points used to draw the ellipses
bary boolean, if bary = TRUE, the coordinates of the ellipse around the barycentre of
individuals are calculated
Value
res a data frame with (npoint times the number of ellipses) rows and three columns.
The first column is the factor of coord.simul, the two others columns give the
coordinates of the ellipses on the two dimensions chosen.
call the parameters of the function chosen
Author(s)
Jeremy Mazet
See Also
simule
Examples
data(decathlon)
res.pca <- PCA(decathlon, quanti.sup = 11:12, quali.sup = 13,graph=FALSE)
aa <- cbind.data.frame(decathlon[,13],res.pca$ind$coord)
bb <- coord.ellipse(aa,bary=TRUE)
plot(res.pca,habillage=13,ellipse=bb)
## To automatically draw ellipses around the barycentres of all the categorical variables
plotellipses(res.pca)
decathlon Performance in decathlon (data)
Description
The data used here refer to athletes performance during two sporting events.
Usage
data(decathlon)
descfreq 15
Format
A data frame with 41 rows and 13 columns: the first ten columns corresponds to the performance
of the athletes for the 10 events of the decathlon. The columns 11 and 12 correspond respectively
to the rank and the points obtained. The last column is a categorical variable corresponding to the
sporting event (2004 Olympic Game or 2004 Decastar)
Source
Dpartement de mathmatiques appliques, Agrocampus Rennes
Examples
data(decathlon)
res.pca <- PCA(decathlon, quanti.sup = 11:12, quali.sup=13)
descfreq Description of frequencies
Description
Description of the rows of a contingency table or of groups of rows of a contingency table
Usage
descfreq(donnee, by.quali = NULL, proba = 0.05)
Arguments
donnee a data frame corresponding to a contingency table (quantitative data)
by.quali a factor used to merge the data from different rows of the contingency table; by
default NULL and each row is characterized
0.05)
Value
Returns a list with the characterization of each rows or each group of the by.quali. A test cor-
responding to the hypergeometric distribution is performed and the probability to observe a more
extreme value than the one observed is calculated. For each row (or category), each of the columns
characterising the row are sorted in ascending order of p-value.
Author(s)
16 dimdesc
References
Lebart, L., Morineau, A. and Piron, M. (1995) Statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle, Dunod.
See Also
catdes, condes, textual
Examples
data(children)
descfreq(children[1:14,1:5]) ## desc of rows
descfreq(t(children[1:14,1:5])) ## desc of columns
dimdesc Dimension description
Description
This function is designed to point out the variables and the categories that are the most characteristic
according to each dimension obtained by a Factor Analysis.
Usage
dimdesc(res, axes = 1:3, proba = 0.05)
Arguments
res an object of class PCA, MCA, CA, MFA or HMFA
axes a vector with the dimensions to describe
proba the significance threshold considered to characterized the dimension (by default
0.05)
Value
quanti the description of the dimensions by the quantitative variables. The variables
are sorted.
quali the description of the dimensions by the categorical variables
Author(s)
DMFA 17
References
Chapman and Hall.
See Also
PCA, CA, MCA, MFA, HMFA,

Video showing how to use this function
Examples
data(decathlon)
res.pca <- PCA(decathlon, quanti.sup = 11:12, quali.sup=13, graph=FALSE)
dimdesc(res.pca)
DMFA Dual Multiple Factor Analysis (DMFA)
Description
Performs Dual Multiple Factor Analysis (DMFA) with supplementary individuals, supplementary
quantitative variables and supplementary categorical variables.
Usage
DMFA(don, num.fact = ncol(don), scale.unit = TRUE, ncp = 5,

quanti.sup = NULL, quali.sup = NULL, graph = TRUE, axes=c(1,2))
Arguments
don a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (numeric variables)
num.fact the number of the categorical variable which allows to make the group of indi-
viduals
scale.unit a boolean, if TRUE (value set by default) then data are scaled to unit variance
quanti.sup a vector indicating the indexes of the quantitative supplementary variables
18 DMFA
Value
var a list of matrices containing all the results for the active variables (coordinates,
correlation between variables and axes, square cosine, contributions)
ind a list of matrices containing all the results for the active individuals (coordinates,
ind.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary individuals
quanti.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary quantitative
variables (coordinates, correlation between variables and axes)
quali.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary categorical
variables (coordinates of each categories of each variables, and v.test which is a
criterion with a Normal distribution)
svd the result of the singular value decomposition
var.partiel a list with the partial coordinate of the variables for each group
cor.dim.gr
Xc a list with the data centered by group
group a list with the results for the groups (cordinate, normalized coordinates, cos2)
Cov a list with the covariance matrices for each group
Returns the individuals factor map and the variables factor map.
Author(s)
See Also
plot.DMFA, dimdesc
Examples
## Example with the famous Fisher's iris data

res.dmfa = DMFA ( iris, num.fact = 5)
ellipseCA 19
ellipseCA Draw confidence ellipses in CA
Description
Draw confidence ellipses in CA around rows and/or columns.
Usage
ellipseCA (x, ellipse=c("col","row"), method="multinomial", nbsample=100,
axes=c(1,2), xlim=NULL, ylim=NULL, col.row="red", col.col="blue",
col.row.ell=col.row, col.col.ell=col.col, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class CA
ellipse a vector of character that defines which ellipses are drawn
method the method to construct ellipses (see details below)
nbsample number of samples drawn to evaluate the stability of the points
xlim range for the plotted x values, defaulting to the range of the finite values of x
ylim range for the plotted y values, defaulting to the range of the finite values of y
col.row a color for the rows points
col.col a color for columns points
col.row.ell a color for the ellipses of rows points (the color "transparent" can be used if an
ellipse should not be drawn)
col.col.ell a color for the ellipses of columns points (the color "transparent" can be used if
an ellipse should not be drawn)
... further arguments passed to or from the plot.CA function, such as title, invisible,
...
Details
With method="multinomial", the table X with the active elements is taken as a reference. Then
new data tables are drawn in the following way: N (the sum of X) values are drawn from a multi-
nomial distribution with theoretical frequencies equals to the values in the cells divided by N.
With method="boot", the values are bootstrapped row by row: Ni (the sum of row i in the X table)
values are taken in a vector with Nij equals to column j (with j varying from 1 to J).
Thus nbsample new datasets are drawn and projected as supplementary rows and/or supplementary
columns. Then confidence ellipses are drawn for each elements thanks to the nbsample supplemen-
tary points.
20 estim_ncp
Value
Returns the factor map with the joint plot of CA with ellipses around some elements.
Author(s)
References
Lebart, L., Morineau, A. and Piron, M. (1995) Statistique exploratoire multidimensionnelle, Dunod.
See Also
plot.CA, CA
Examples
data(children)
res.ca <- CA (children, col.sup = 6:8, row.sup = 15:18)
## Ellipses for all the active elements
ellipseCA(res.ca)
## Ellipses around some columns only
ellipseCA(res.ca,ellipse="col",col.col.ell=c(rep("blue",2),rep("transparent",3)),
invisible=c("row.sup","col.sup"))
estim_ncp Estimate the number of components in Principal Component Analysis
Description
Estimate the number of components in PCA .
Usage
estim_ncp(X, ncp.min=0, ncp.max=NULL, scale=TRUE, method="GCV")
Arguments
X a data frame with continuous variables
ncp.min minimum number of dimensions to interpret, by default 0
ncp.max maximum number of dimensions to interpret, by default NULL which corre-
sponds to the number of columns minus 2
scale a boolean, if TRUE (value set by default) then data are scaled to unit variance
method method used to estimate the number of components, "GCV" for the general-
ized cross-validation approximation or "Smooth" for the smoothing method (by
default "GCV")
FAMD 21
Value
Returns ncp the best number of dimensions to use (find the minimum or the first local minimum)
and the mean error for each dimension tested
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Julie Josse<[email protected]>
References
Josse, J. and Husson, F. (2012). Selecting the number of components in PCA using cross-validation
approximations. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 56, 1869-1879.
See Also
PCA
Examples
data(decathlon)
nb.dim <- estim_ncp(decathlon[,1:10],scale=TRUE)
FAMD Factor Analysis for Mixed Data
Description
FAMD is a principal component method dedicated to explore data with both continuous and cate-
gorical variables. It can be seen roughly as a mixed between PCA and MCA. More precisely, the
continuous variables are scaled to unit variance and the categorical variables are transformed into a
disjunctive data table (crisp coding) and then scaled using the specific scaling of MCA. This ensures
to balance the influence of both continous and categorical variables in the analysis. It means that
both variables are on a equal foot to determine the dimensions of variability. This method allows
one to study the similarities between individuals taking into account mixed variables and to study
the relationships between all the variables. It also provides graphical outputs such as the repre-
sentation of the individuals, the correlation circle for the continuous variables and representations
of the categories of the categorical variables, and also specific graphs to visulaize the associations
between both type of variables.
Usage
FAMD (base, ncp = 5, graph = TRUE, sup.var = NULL,

ind.sup = NULL, axes = c(1,2), row.w = NULL, tab.comp = NULL)
22 FAMD
Arguments
base a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns
ind.sup a vector indicating the indexes of the supplementary individuals
sup.var a vector indicating the indexes of the supplementary variables
row.w an optional row weights (by default, uniform row weights)
tab.comp object obtained from the imputeFAMD function of the missMDA package that
allows to handle missing values
Value
var a list of matrices containing all the results for the variables considered as group
(R2, coordinates, square cosine, contributions, distance to the origin, the R2
between each variable and each factor)
ind a list of matrices with all the results for the individuals (coordinates, square
cosine, contributions)
quali.var a list of matrices with all the results for the categorical variables (coordinates,
square cosine, contributions, v.test)
quanti.var a list of matrices with all the results for the quantitative variables (coordinates,
correlation, square cosine, contributions)
Returns the individuals factor map.
Author(s)
References
Pages J. (2004). Analyse factorielle de donnees mixtes. Revue Statistique Appliquee. LII (4). pp.
93-111.
See Also
print.FAMD, summary.FAMD, plot.FAMD,
Video showing how to perform FAMD with FactoMineR
footsize 23
Examples
## Not run:
data(geomorphology)
res <- FAMD(geomorphology)
summary(res)
data(wine)
res <- FAMD(wine[,c(1,2,30,31)])
## End(Not run)
footsize footsize
Description
Dataset for the covariance analysis (a quantitative variable explained by quantitative (continuous)
and qualitative (categorical) variables)
Usage
data(footsize)
Format
Dataset with 84 rows and 3 columns: footsize, size and sex
Examples
data(footsize)
res3 <- AovSum (footsize ~ size + sex + size :sex, data=footsize)
res3
geomorphology geomorphology(data)
Description
The data used here concern a geomorphology analysis.
Usage
data(geomorphology)
24 GPA
Format
A data frame with 75 rows and 11 columns. Rows represent the individuals, columns represent
the different questions. 10 variables are quantitative and one variable is qualitative. The dataset is
analysed in: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169555X11006362
Examples
## Not run:
data(geomorphology)
plot(res,choix="ind",habillage=4)
## End(Not run)
GPA Generalised Procrustes Analysis
Description
Performs Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) that takes into account missing values.
Usage
GPA(df, tolerance=10^-10, nbiteration=200, scale=TRUE,
group, name.group = NULL, graph = TRUE, axes = c(1,2))
Arguments
df a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (quantitative varaibles)
tolerance a threshold with respect to which the algorithm stops, i.e. when the difference
between the GPA loss function at step n and n+1 is less than tolerance
nbiteration the maximum number of iterations until the algorithm stops
scale a boolean, if TRUE (which is the default value) scaling is required
group a vector indicating the number of variables in each group
name.group a vector indicating the name of the groups (the groups are successively named
group.1, group.2 and so on, by default)
Details
Performs a Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) that takes into account missing values: some
data frames of df may have non described or non evaluated rows, i.e. rows with missing values
only.
The algorithm used here is the one developed by Commandeur.
GPA 25
Value
A list containing the following components:
RV a matrix of RV coefficients between partial configurations

RVs a matrix of standardized RV coefficients between partial configurations
simi a matrix of Procrustes similarity indexes between partial configurations
scaling a vector of isotropic scaling factors
dep an array of initial partial configurations
consensus a matrix of consensus configuration
Xfin an array of partial configurations after transformations
correlations correlation matrix between initial partial configurations and consensus dimen-
sions
PANOVA a list of "Procrustes Analysis of Variance" tables, per assesor (config), per prod-
uct(objet), per dimension (dimension)
Author(s)
Elisabeth Morand
References
Commandeur, J.J.F (1991) Matching configurations.DSWO press, Leiden University.

Dijksterhuis, G. & Punter, P. (1990) Interpreting generalized procrustes analysis "Analysis of Vari-
ance" tables, Food Quality and Preference, 2, 255265
Gower, J.C (1975) Generalized Procrustes analysis, Psychometrika, 40, 3350
Kazi-Aoual, F., Hitier, S., Sabatier, R., Lebreton, J.-D., (1995) Refined approximations to permuta-
tions tests for multivariate inference. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, 20, 643656
Qannari, E.M., MacFie, H.J.H, Courcoux, P. (1999) Performance indices and isotropic scaling fac-
tors in sensory profiling, Food Quality and Preference, 10, 1721
Examples
## Not run:
data(wine)
res.gpa <- GPA(wine[,-(1:2)], group=c(5,3,10,9,2),
name.group=c("olf","vis","olfag","gust","ens"))
### If you want to construct the partial points for some individuals only
plotGPApartial (res.gpa)
## End(Not run)
26 graph.var
graph.var Make graph of variables
Description
Plot the graphs of the variables after a Factor Analysis.
Usage
graph.var(x, axes = c(1, 2),
xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, col.sup = "blue",
col.var = "black", draw="all", label=draw, lim.cos2.var = 0.1,
cex = 1, title = NULL, new.plot = TRUE, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class PCA, MCA, MFA or HMFA
col.sup a color for the quantitative supplementary variables
col.var a color for the variables
draw a list of character for the variables which are drawn (by default, all the variables
are drawn). You can draw all the active variables by putting "var" and/or all the
supplementary variables by putting "quanti.sup" and/or a list with the names of
the variables which should be drawn
label a list of character for the variables which are labelled (by default, all the drawn
variables are labelled). You can label all the active variables by putting "var"
and/or all the supplementary variables by putting "quanti.sup" and/or a list with
the names of the variables which should be labelled
lim.cos2.var value of the square cosinus under the variables are not drawn
cex cf. function par in the graphics package
title string corresponding to the title of the graph you draw (by default NULL and a
title is chosen)
new.plot boolean, if TRUE, a new graphical device is created
Value
Returns the variables factor map.
HCPC 27
Author(s)
See Also
PCA, MFA, MCA, DMFA, HMFA
Examples
data(decathlon)
res.pca <- PCA(decathlon, quanti.sup = 11:12, quali.sup = 13, graph = FALSE)
graph.var (res.pca, draw = c("var","Points"),
label = c("Long.jump", "Points"))
HCPC Hierarchical Clustering on Principle Components (HCPC)
Description
Performs an agglomerative hierarchical clustering on results from a factor analysis. It is possible to
cut the tree by clicking at the suggested (or an other) level. Results include paragons, description of
the clusters, graphics.
Usage
HCPC(res, nb.clust=0, consol=TRUE, iter.max=10, min=3,
max=NULL, metric="euclidean", method="ward", order=TRUE,
graph.scale="inertia", nb.par=5, graph=TRUE, proba=0.05,
cluster.CA="rows",kk=Inf,...)
Arguments
res Either the result of a factor analysis or a dataframe.
nb.clust an integer. If 0, the tree is cut at the level the user clicks on. If -1, the tree is
automatically cut at the suggested level (see details). If a (positive) integer, the
tree is cut with nb.cluters clusters.
consol a boolean. If TRUE, a k-means consolidation is performed (consolidation cannot
be performed if kk is used and equals a number).
iter.max An integer. The maximum number of iterations for the consolidation.
min an integer. The least possible number of clusters suggested.
max an integer. The higher possible number of clusters suggested; by default the
minimum between 10 and the number of individuals divided by 2.
metric The metric used to built the tree. See agnes for details.
method The method used to built the tree. See agnes for details.
28 HCPC
order A boolean. If TRUE, clusters are ordered following their center coordinate on
the first axis.
graph.scale A character string. By default "inertia" and the height of the tree corresponds to
the inertia gain, else "sqrt-inertia" the square root of the inertia gain.
nb.par An integer. The number of edited paragons.
graph If TRUE, graphics are displayed. If FALSE, no graph are displayed.
proba The probability used to select axes and variables in catdes (see catdes for de-
tails.
cluster.CA A string equals to "rows" or "columns" for the clustering of Correspondence
Analysis results.
kk An integer corresponding to the number of clusters used in a Kmeans prepro-
cessing before the hierarchical clustering; the top of the hierarchical tree is then
constructed from this partition. This is very useful if the number of individuals
is high. Note that consolidation cannot be performed if kk is different from Inf
and some graphics are not drawn. Inf is used by default and no preprocessing is
done, all the graphical outputs are then given.
... Other arguments from other methods.
Details
The function first built a hierarchical tree. Then the sum of the within-cluster inertia are calculated
for each partition. The suggested partition is the one with the higher relative loss of inertia (i(clusters
n+1)/i(cluster n)).
The absolute loss of inertia (i(cluster n)-i(cluster n+1)) is plotted with the tree.
If the ascending clustering is constructed from a data-frame with a lot of rows (individuals), it is
possible to first perform a partition with kk clusters and then construct the tree from the (weighted)
kk clusters.
Value
data.clust The original data with a supplementary row called class containing the partition.
desc.var The description of the classes by the variables. See catdes for details or descfreq
if clustering is performed on CA results.
desc.axes The description of the classes by the factors (axes). See catdes for details.
call A list or parameters and internal objects. call$t gives the results for the hier-
archical tree; call$bw.before.consol and call$bw.after.consol give the
between inertia before consolidation (i.e. for the clustering obtained from the
hierarchical tree) and after the consolidation with Kmeans.
ind.desc The paragons (para) and the more typical individuals of each cluster. See details.
Returns the tree and a barplot of the inertia gains, the individual factor map with the tree (3D), the
factor map with individuals coloured by cluster (2D).
health 29
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Guillaume Le Ray, Quentin Molto
See Also
plot.HCPC, catdes,
Video showing how to perform clustering with FactoMineR
Examples
## Not run:
data(iris)
# Principal Component Analysis:
res.pca <- PCA(iris[,1:4], graph=FALSE)
# Clustering, auto nb of clusters:
hc <- HCPC(res.pca, nb.clust=-1)
### Construct a hierarchical tree from a partition (with 10 clusters)

### (useful when the number of individuals is very important)
hc2 <- HCPC(iris[,1:4], kk=10, nb.clust=-1)
## End(Not run)
health health (data)
Description
In 1989-1990 the Valencian Institute of Public Health (IVESP) conducted a survey to better know
the attitudes and opinions related to health for the non-expert population. The first question included
in the questionnaire "What does health mean to you?" required free and spontaneous answers. A
priori, the variables Age group (under 21, 21-35, 36-50 and over 50), Health condition (poor, fair,
good and very good health) and Gender were considered as possibly conditioning the respondents
viewpoint on health.
Usage
data(health)
Format
A data frame with 392 rows and 118 columns. Rows represent the individuals (respondents),
columns represent the words used at least 10 times to answer the open-ended question (columns
1 to 115) and respondents characteristics (age, health condition and gender)
30 HMFA
Examples
## Not run:
data(health)
## End(Not run)
HMFA Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis
Description
Performs a hierarchical multiple factor analysis, using an object of class list of data.frame.
Usage
HMFA(X,H,type = rep("s", length(H[[1]])), ncp = 5, graph = TRUE,
axes = c(1,2), name.group = NULL)
Arguments
X a data.frame
H a list with one vector for each hierarchical level; in each vector the number of
variables or the number of group constituting the group
type the type of variables in each group in the first partition; three possibilities: "c"
or "s" for quantitative variables (the difference is that for "s", the variables are
scaled in the program), "n" for categorical variables; by default, all the variables
are quantitative and the variables are scaled unit
name.group a list of vector containing the name of the groups for each level of the hierarchy
(by default, NULL and the group are named L1.G1, L1.G2 and so on)
Value
group a list with first a list of matrices with the coordinates of the groups for each
level and second a matrix with the canonical correlation (correlation between
the coordinates of the individuals and the partial points))
ind a list of matrices with all the results for the active individuals (coordinates,
hobbies 31
quanti.var a list of matrices with all the results for the quantitative variables (coordinates,
correlation between variables and axes)
quali.var a list of matrices with all the results for the supplementary categorical variables
(coordinates of each categories of each variables, and v.test which is a criterion
with a Normal distribution)
partial a list of arrays with the coordinates of the partial points for each partition
Author(s)
Sebastien Le, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
References
Le Dien, S. & Pags, J. (2003) Hierarchical Multiple factor analysis: application to the comparison
of sensory profiles, Food Quality and Preferences, 18 (6), 453-464.
See Also
print.HMFA, plot.HMFA, dimdesc
Examples
data(wine)
hierar <- list(c(2,5,3,10,9,2), c(4,2))
res.hmfa <- HMFA(wine, H = hierar, type=c("n",rep("s",5)))
hobbies hobbies (data)
Description
The data used here concern a questionnaire on hobbies. We asked to 8403 individuals how an-
swer questions about their hobbies (18 questions). The following four variables were used to label
the individuals: sex (male, female), age (15-25, 26-35, 36-45, 46-55, 56-65, 66-75, 76-85, 86-
100), marital status (single, married, widowed,divorced, remarried), profession (manual labourer,
unskilled worker, technician, foreman, senior management, employee, other). And finally, a quan-
titative variable indicates the number of hobbies practised out of the 18 possible choices.
Usage
data(tea)
Format
A data frame with 8403 rows and 23 columns. Rows represent the individuals, columns represent
the different questions. The first 18 questions are active ones, and the 4 following ones are supple-
mentary categorical variables and the 23th is a supplementary quantitative variable (the number of
activities)
32 JO
Examples
data(hobbies)
## Not run:
res.mca <- MCA(hobbies,quali.sup=19:22,quanti.sup=23,method="Burt")
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind","quali.sup"),hab="quali") ### active var. only
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("var","quali.sup"),cex=.5,label="none") ### individuals only
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind","var"),hab="quali") ### supp. qualitative var. only
dimdesc(res.mca)
plotellipses(res.mca,keepvar=1:4)
## End(Not run)
JO Number of medals in athletism during olympic games per country
Description
This data frame is a contengency table with the athletism events (in row) and the coutries (in
columns). Each cell gives the number of medals obtained during the 5 olympis games from 1992 to
2008 (Barcelona 1992, Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008).
Usage
data(JO)
Format
A data frame with the 24 events in athletism and in colum the 58 countries who obtained at least on
medal
Examples
## Not run:
data(JO)
res.ca <- CA(JO)
res.ca <- CA(JO, axes = 3:4)
## End(Not run)
MCA 33
MCA Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA)
Description
Performs Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) with supplementary individuals, supplemen-
tary quantitative variables and supplementary categorical variables.
Missing values are treated as an additional level, categories which are rare can be ventilated
Usage
MCA(X, ncp = 5, ind.sup = NULL, quanti.sup = NULL,
quali.sup = NULL, graph = TRUE, level.ventil = 0,
axes = c(1,2), row.w = NULL, method="Indicator",
na.method="NA", tab.disj=NULL)
Arguments
X a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (categorical variables)
level.ventil a proportion corresponding to the level under which the category is ventilated;
by default, 0 and no ventilation is done
row.w an optional row weights (by default, a vector of 1 for uniform row weights)
method a string corresponding to the name of the method used: "Indicator" (by default)
is the CA on the Indicator matrix, "Burt" is the CA on the Burt table. For Burt
and the Indicator, the graph of the individuals and the graph of the categories are
given
na.method a string corresponding to the name of the method used if there are missing val-
ues; available methods are "NA" or "Average" (by default, "NA")
tab.disj optional data.frame corresponding to the disjunctive table used for the analy-
sis; it corresponds to a disjunctive table obtained from imputation method (see
package missMDA).
Value
34 MCA
square cosine, contributions, v.test, square correlation ratio)
quanti.sup a matrix containing the coordinates of the supplementary quantitative variables
(the correlation between a variable and an axis is equal to the variable coordinate
on the axis)
quali.sup a list of matrices with all the results for the supplementary categorical variables
(coordinates of each categories of each variables, square cosine and v.test which
is a criterion with a Normal distribution, square correlation ratio)
Returns the graphs of the individuals and categories and the graph with the variables.
The plots may be improved using the argument autolab, modifying the size of the labels or selecting
some elements thanks to the plot.MCA function.
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Julie Josse, Jeremy Mazet
References
Chapman and Hall.
See Also
plotellipses, summary.MCA,print.MCA, plot.MCA, dimdesc,
Video showing how to perform MCA with FactoMineR
Examples
## Not run:
## Tea example
data(tea)
res.mca <- MCA(tea,quanti.sup=19,quali.sup=20:36)
summary(res.mca)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("var","quali.sup","quanti.sup"),cex=0.7)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind","quali.sup","quanti.sup"),cex=0.8)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("quali.sup","quanti.sup"),cex=0.8)
dimdesc(res.mca)
plotellipses(res.mca,keepvar="Tea")
## Hobbies example
data(hobbies)
res.mca <- MCA(hobbies,quali.sup=19:22,quanti.sup=23)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind","quali.sup"),hab="quali")
MFA 35
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("var","quali.sup"),cex=.5,label="none")
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind","var"),hab="quali")
dimdesc(res.mca)
## Example with missing values : use the missMDA package

require(missMDA)
data(vnf)
completed <- imputeMCA(vnf,ncp=2)
res.mca <- MCA(vnf,tab.disj=completed$tab.disj)
## End(Not run)
MFA Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA)
Description
Performs Multiple Factor Analysis in the sense of Escofier-Pages with supplementary individuals
and supplementary groups of variables. Groups of variables can be quantitative, categorical or
contingency tables.
Missing values in numeric variables are replaced by the column mean. Missing values in categorical
variables are treated as an additional level.
Usage
MFA (base, group, type = rep("s",length(group)), ind.sup = NULL,
ncp = 5, name.group = NULL, num.group.sup = NULL,
graph = TRUE, weight.col.mfa = NULL, row.w = NULL,
axes = c(1,2), tab.comp=NULL)
Arguments
base a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (variables)
group a vector with the number of variables in each group
type the type of variables in each group; four possibilities: "c" or "s" for quantitative
variables (the difference is that for "s" variables are scaled to unit variance), "n"
for categorical variables and "f" for frequencies (from a contingency tables); by
default, all variables are quantitative and scaled to unit variance
name.group a vector containing the name of the groups (by default, NULL and the group are
named group.1, group.2 and so on)
num.group.sup the indexes of the illustrative groups (by default, NULL and no group are illus-
trative)
36 MFA
weight.col.mfa vector of weights, useful for HMFA method (by default, NULL and an MFA is
performed)
tab.comp object obtained from the imputeMFA function of the missMDA package that
allows to handle missing values
Value
summary.quali a summary of the results for the categorical variables
summary.quanti a summary of the results for the quantitative variables
separate.analyses
the results for the separate analyses
group a list of matrices containing all the results for the groups (Lg and RV coefficients,
coordinates, square cosine, contributions, distance to the origin, the correlations
between each group and each factor)
rapport.inertie
inertia ratio
quanti.var a list of matrices containing all the results for the quantitative variables (coordi-
nates, correlation between variables and axes, contribution, cos2)
quali.var a list of matrices containing all the results for categorical variables (coordinates
of each categories of each variables, contribution and v.test which is a criterion
with a Normal distribution)
freq a list of matrices containing all the results for the frequencies (coordinates, con-
tribution, cos2)
quanti.var.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary quantitative
variables (coordinates, correlation between variables and axes, cos2)
quali.var.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary categorical
variables (coordinates of each categories of each variables, cos2 and v.test which
is a criterion with a Normal distribution)
freq.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary frequencies
(coordinates, cos2)
partial.axes a list of matrices containing all the results for the partial axes (coordinates, cor-
relation between variables and axes, correlation between partial axes)
global.pca the result of the analysis when it is considered as a unique weighted PCA
Returns the individuals factor map, the variables factor map and the groups factor map.
some elements thanks to the plot.MFA function.
MFA 37
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>, J. Mazet
References
Escofier, B. and Pages, J. (1994) Multiple Factor Analysis (AFMULT package). Computational
Statistics and Data Analysis, 18, 121-140.
Becue-Bertaut, M. and Pages, J. 2008) Multiple factor analysis and clustering of a mixture of
quantitative, categorical and frequency data. Computational Statistice and Data Analysis, 52, 3255-
3268.
See Also
print.MFA, summary.MFA, plot.MFA, dimdesc,

Video showing how to perform MFA with FactoMineR
Examples
data(wine)
res <- MFA(wine, group=c(2,5,3,10,9,2), type=c("n",rep("s",5)),
ncp=5, name.group=c("orig","olf","vis","olfag","gust","ens"),
num.group.sup=c(1,6))
summary(res)
barplot(res$eig[,1],main="Eigenvalues",names.arg=1:nrow(res$eig))
## Not run:
#### Confidence ellipses around categories per variable
plotellipses(res)
plotellipses(res,keepvar="Label") ## for 1 variable
#### Interactive graph

liste = plotMFApartial(res)
plot(res,choix="ind",habillage = "Terroir")
###Example with groups of categorical variables

data (poison)
MFA(poison, group=c(2,2,5,6), type=c("s","n","n","n"),
name.group=c("desc","desc2","symptom","eat"),
num.group.sup=1:2)
###Example with groups of frequency tables

data(mortality)
res<-MFA(mortality,group=c(9,9),type=c("f","f"),
name.group=c("1979","2006"))
## End(Not run)
38 mortality
milk milk
Description
Dataset to illustrate the selection of variables in regression
Usage
data(milk)
Format
Dataset with 85 rows and 6 columns : 85 milks described by the 5 variables: density, fat content,
protein, casein, dry, yield
Examples
data(milk)
res = RegBest(y=milk[,6],x=milk[,-6])
res$best
mortality The cause of mortality in France in 1979 and 2006
Description
The cause of mortality in France in 1979 and 2006.
Usage
data(mortality)
Format
A data frame with 62 rows (the different causes of death) and 18 columns. Each column corresponds
to an age interval (15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, 75-84, 85-94, 95 and more) in a year.
The 9 first columns correspond to data in 1979 and the 9 last columns to data in 2006. In each cell,
the counts of deaths for a cause of death in an age interval (in a year) is given.
Source
Centre depidemiologie sur les causes medicales
PCA 39
Examples
data(mortality)
## Not run:
name.group=c("1979","2006"))
plot(res,choix="freq",invisible="ind",habillage="group")
lines(res$freq$coord[1:9,1],mfa$freq$coord[1:9,2],col="red")
lines(res$freq$coord[10:18,1],mfa$freq$coord[10:18,2],col="green")
## End(Not run)
PCA Principal Component Analysis (PCA)
Description
Performs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with supplementary individuals, supplementary

quantitative variables and supplementary categorical variables.
Missing values are replaced by the column mean.
Usage
PCA(X, scale.unit = TRUE, ncp = 5, ind.sup = NULL,

quanti.sup = NULL, quali.sup = NULL, row.w = NULL,
col.w = NULL, graph = TRUE, axes = c(1,2))
Arguments
X a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (numeric variables)

scale.unit a boolean, if TRUE (value set by default) then data are scaled to unit variance
col.w an optional column weights (by default, uniform column weights)
40 PCA
Value
correlation between variables and axes, square cosine, contributions)
quanti.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary quantitative
variables (coordinates, correlation between variables and axes)
quali.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary categorical
variables (coordinates of each categories of each variables, v.test which is a
criterion with a Normal distribution, and eta2 which is the square correlation
corefficient between a qualitative variable and a dimension)
some elements thanks to the plot.PCA function.
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Jeremy Mazet
References
Chapman and Hall.
See Also
print.PCA, summary.PCA, plot.PCA, dimdesc,
Video showing how to perform PCA with FactoMineR
Examples
data(decathlon)
## plot of the eigenvalues
## barplot(res.pca$eig[,1],main="Eigenvalues",names.arg=1:nrow(res.pca$eig))
summary(res.pca)
plot(res.pca,choix="ind",habillage=13)
dimdesc(res.pca, axes = 1:2)
## To draw ellipses around the categories of the 13th variable (which is categorical)
plotellipses(res.pca,13)
## Example with missing data

plot.CA 41
## use package missMDA

## Not run:
require(missMDA)
data(orange)
nb <- estim_ncpPCA(orange,ncp.min=0,ncp.max=5,method.cv="Kfold",nbsim=50)
imputed <- imputePCA(orange,ncp=nb$ncp)
res.pca <- PCA(imputed$completeObs)
## End(Not run)
plot.CA Draw the Correspondence Analysis (CA) graphs
Description
Draw the Correspondence Analysis (CA) graphs.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'CA'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2),
xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL,
invisible = c("none","row","col","row.sup","col.sup","quali.sup"),
choix = c("CA","quanti.sup"), col.row="blue", col.col="red",
col.row.sup="darkblue", col.col.sup="darkred",
col.quali.sup="magenta", col.quanti.sup="blue",
label = c("all","none","row","row.sup","col","col.sup","quali.sup"),
title = NULL, palette = NULL, autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"),
new.plot=FALSE, selectRow = NULL, selectCol = NULL,
unselect = 0.7, shadowtext = FALSE, habillage = "none", ...)
Arguments
invisible string indicating if some points should be unlabelled ("row", "col", "row.sup",
"col.sup","quali.sup")
choix the graph to plot ("CA" for the CA map, "quanti.sup" for the supplementary
quantitative variables)
col.row a color for the rows points
col.col a color for columns points
col.row.sup a color for the supplementary rows points
col.col.sup a color for supplementary columns points
42 plot.CA
col.quali.sup a color for the supplementary categorical variables

col.quanti.sup a color for the supplementary quantitative variables
label a list of character for the elements which are labelled (by default, all the elements
are labelled ("row", "row.sup", "col", "col.sup","quali.sup")
title is chosen)
palette the color palette used to draw the points. By default colors are chosen. If you
want to define the colors : palette=palette(c("black","red","blue")); or you can
use: palette=palette(rainbow(30)), or in black and white for example: palette=palette(gray(seq(0,.9,len=25
autoLab if autoLab="auto", autoLab is equal to "yes" if there are less than 50 elements
and "no" otherwise; if "yes", the labels of the drawn elements are placed in a
"good" way (can be time-consuming if many elements), and if "no" the elements
are placed quickly but may overlap
selectRow a selection of the rows that are drawn; see the details section
selectCol a selection of the columns that are drawn; see the details section
unselect may be either a value between 0 and 1 that gives the transparency of the unse-
lected objects (if unselect=1 the transparceny is total and the elements are not
drawn, if unselect=0 the elements are drawn as usual but without any label) or
may be a color (for example unselect="grey60")
shadowtext boolean; if true put a shadow on the labels (rectangles are written under the
labels which may lead to difficulties to modify the graph with another program)
habillage color the individuals among a categorical variable (give the number of the cate-
gorical supplementary variable or its name)
... further arguments passed to or from other methods, such as cex, cex.main, ...
Details
The argument autoLab = "yes" is time-consuming if there are many labels that overlap. In this
case, you can modify the size of the characters in order to have less overlapping, using for example
cex=0.7.
The selectRow and selectCol arguments can be used in order to select a part of the elements that
are drawn. For example, you can use:
selectRow = 1:5 and then the rows 1 to 5 are drawn.
select = c("name1","name5") and then the rows that have the names name1 and name5 are
drawn.
select = "coord 10" and then the 10 rows (10 active and 10 supplementaries) that have the
highest (squared) coordinates on the 2 chosen dimensions are drawn.
select = "contrib 10" and then the 10 rows (10 active) that have the highest contribution on the
2 dimensions of your plot are drawn.
select = "cos2 5" and then the 5 rows (5 actives and 5 supplementaries) that have the highest
cos2 on the 2 dimensions of your plot are drawn.
select = "dist 8" and then the 8 rows (8 actives and 8 supplementaries) that have the highest
distance to the center of gravity are drawn.
plot.CaGalt 43
Value
Returns the factor map with the joint plot of CA.
Author(s)
See Also
CA
Examples
data(children)
res.ca <- CA (children, col.sup = 6:8, row.sup = 15:18)
## select rows and columns that have a cos2 greater than 0.8
plot(res.ca,selectCol="cos2 0.8",selectRow="cos2 0.8")
plot.CaGalt Draw the Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexi-

cal Table (CaGalt) graphs
Description
Plot the graphs for a Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table (CaGalt).
Usage
## S3 method for class 'CaGalt'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2), choix = c("ind", "freq", "quali.var", "quanti.var"),
conf.ellip = FALSE, contr.ellipse = 3, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, col.ind = "black",
col.freq = "darkred", col.quali = "blue", col.quanti = "blue", label = TRUE,
lim.cos2.var = 0, title = NULL, palette = NULL,
autoLab = c("auto", "yes", "no"), new.plot = FALSE, select = NULL,
unselect = 0.7, shadowtext = FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class CaGalt
choix the graph to plot ("ind" for the individuals, "freq" for the frequencies, "quali.var"
for the categorical variables, "quanti.var" for the quantitative variables)
conf.ellip boolean (FALSE by default), if TRUE, draw ellipses around the frequencies and
the variables
contr.ellipse the confidence ellipses were drawn for the frequencies with a contribution higher
than X times of mean contribution on the 2 dimensions of your plot (by default
3)
44 plot.CaGalt
col.ind a color for the individuals (by default "black")
col.freq a color for the frequencies (by default "darkred")
col.quali a color for the categories of categorical variables (by default "blue")
col.quanti a color for the quantitative variables (by default "blue")
label the labels are drawn (by default TRUE)
title is chosen)
select a selection of the elements that are drawn; see the details section
lected objects (if unselect=1 the transparency is total and the elements are not
Details
cex=0.7. The select argument can be used in order to select a part of the elements (individuals
if you draw the graph of individuals, or variables if you draw the graph of variabless) that are
drawn. For example, you can use: select = 1:5 and then the elements 1:5 are drawn. select =
c("name1","name5") and then the elements that have the names name1 and name5 are drawn. se-
lect = "coord 10" and then the 10 elements that have the highest (squared) coordinates on the 2
chosen dimensions are drawn. select = "contrib 10" and then the 10 elements that have the high-
est contribution on the 2 dimensions of your plot are drawn (available only when frequencies are
drawn). select = "cos2 5" and then the 5 elements that have the highest cos2 on the 2 dimensions of
your plot are drawn.
Value
Returns the individuals, the frequencies and the variables factor map.
plot.catdes 45
Author(s)
See Also
CaGalt
Examples
## Not run:
data(health)
plot(res.cagalt,choix="quali.var",conf.ellip=TRUE,axes=c(1,4))
## Selection of some individuals,categories and frequencies

plot(res.cagalt,choix="freq",col.freq="darkgreen",cex=1.5,select="contrib 10")
plot(res.cagalt,choix="ind",select="coord 10")
plot(res.cagalt,choix="quali.var",select="cos2 0.5")
## End(Not run)
plot.catdes Plots for description of clusters (catdes)
Description
Plots a graph from a catdes output.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'catdes'
plot(x,col="deepskyblue",show="all",numchar=10,...)
Arguments
x A catdes object, see catdes for details.
col The color of the bars.
show a strig. If "quali", only the categorical variables are used. If "quanti", only the
the quantitative variables are used. If "all", both quali and quanti are used.
numchar number of characters for the labels
Value
Returns choosen plot.
46 plot.DMFA
Author(s)
Guillaume Le Ray, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
catdes
Examples
## Not run:
data(wine)
res.c=catdes(wine, num.var=2)
plot(res.c)
## End(Not run)
plot.DMFA Draw the Dual Multiple Factor Analysis (DMFA) graphs
Description
Plot the graphs for a Principal Component Analysis (DMFA) with supplementary individuals, sup-
plementary quantitative variables and supplementary categorical variables.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'DMFA'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2), choix = "ind", label="all",
lim.cos2.var = 0., xlim=NULL, ylim=NULL, title = NULL,
palette = NULL, new.plot = FALSE,
autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"), ...)
Arguments
x an object of class DMFA
choix the graph to plot ("ind" for the individuals, "var" for the variables)
are labelled ("ind", ind.sup", "quali", "var", "quanti.sup"))
title is chosen)
plot.FAMD 47
Value
Returns the individuals factor map and the variables factor map, the partial variables representation
and the groups factor map.
Author(s)
See Also
DMFA
plot.FAMD Draw the Multiple Factor Analysis for Mixt Data graphs
Description
It provides the graphical outputs associated with the principal component method for mixed data:
FAMD.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'FAMD'
plot(x, choix = c("ind","var","quanti","quali"), axes = c(1, 2),
lab.var = TRUE, lab.ind = TRUE, habillage = "none", col.lab = FALSE,
col.hab = NULL, invisible = NULL, lim.cos2.var = 0., xlim = NULL,
ylim = NULL, title = NULL, palette=NULL, autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"),
new.plot = FALSE, select = NULL, unselect = 0.7, shadowtext = FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class FAMD
choix a string corresponding to the graph that you want to do ("ind" for the individ-
ual or categorical variables graph, "var" for all the variables (quantitative and
categorical), "quanti" for the correlation circle)
48 plot.FAMD

lab.var boolean indicating if the labelled of the variables should be drawn on the map
lab.ind boolean indicating if the labelled of the individuals should be drawn on the map
habillage string corresponding to the color which are used. If "ind", one color is used for
each individual else if it is the name or the position of a categorical variable, it
colors according to the different categories of this variable
col.lab boolean indicating if the labelled should be colored
col.hab vector indicating the colors to use to labelled the rows or columns elements
chosen in habillage
invisible list of string; for choix ="ind", the individuals can be omit (invisible = "ind"), or
supplementary individuals (invisible="ind.sup") or the centerg of gravity of the
categorical variables (invisible= "quali"); if invisible = c("ind","ind.sup"), just
the centers of gravity are drawn
title is chosen)
Value
Author(s)
plot.GPA 49
See Also
FAMD
Examples
data(geomorphology)
plot(res,choix="ind",habillage=4)
plot.GPA Draw the General Procrustes Analysis (GPA) map
Description
Draw the General Procrustes Analysis (GPA) map.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'GPA'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2),
lab.ind.moy = TRUE, habillage = "ind",
partial = "all", chrono = FALSE, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL,
cex = 1, title = NULL, palette = NULL, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class GPA
lab.ind.moy boolean, if TRUE, the label of the mean points are drawn
each individual; if "group" the individuals are colored according to the group
partial list of the individuals or of the center of gravity for which the partial points
should be drawn (by default, partial = "none" and no partial points are drawn)
chrono boolean, if TRUE, the partial points of a same point are linked (useful when
groups correspond to different moment)
title is chosen)
50 plot.HCPC
Value
Returns the General Procrustes Analysis map.
Author(s)
Elisabeth Morand, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
GPA
plot.HCPC Plots for Hierarchical Classification on Principle Components

(HCPC) results
Description
Plots graphs from a HCPC result: tree, barplot of inertia gains and first factor map with or without
the tree, in 2 or 3 dimensions.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'HCPC'
plot(x, axes=c(1,2), choice="3D.map", rect=TRUE,
draw.tree=TRUE, ind.names=TRUE, t.level="all", title=NULL,
new.plot=FALSE, max.plot=15, tree.barplot=TRUE,
centers.plot=FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x A HCPC object, see HCPC for details.
axes a two integers vector.Defines the axes of the factor map to plot.
choice A string. "tree" plots the tree. "bar" plots bars of inertia gains. "map" plots a
factor map, individuals colored by cluster. "3D.map" plots the same factor map,
individuals colored by cluster, the tree above.
rect a boolean. If TRUE, rectangles are drawn around clusters if choice ="tree".
tree.barplot a boolean. If TRUE, the barplot of intra inertia losses is added on the tree graph.
draw.tree A boolean. If TRUE, the tree is projected on the factor map if choice ="map".
ind.names A boolean. If TRUE, the individuals names are added on the factor map when
choice="3D.map"
t.level Either a positive integer or a string. A positive integer indicates the starting
level to plot the tree on the map when draw.tree=TRUE. If "all", the whole tree
is ploted. If "centers", it draws the tree starting t the centers of the clusters.
title a string. Title of the graph. NULL by default and a title is automatically defined
plot.HMFA 51
centers.plot a boolean. If TRUE, the centers of clusters are drawn on the 3D factor maps.
new.plot a boolean. If TRUE, the plot is done in a new window.
max.plot The max for the bar plot
... Other arguments from other methods.
Value
Returns choosen plot.
Author(s)
Guillaume Le Ray, Quentin Molto, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
HCPC
Examples
data(iris)
# Clustering, auto nb of clusters:
res.hcpc=HCPC(iris[1:4], nb.clust=3)
# 3D graph from a different point of view:
plot(res.hcpc, choice="3D.map", angle=60)
plot.HMFA Draw the Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis (HMFA) graphs
Description
Draw the Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis (HMFA) graphs
Usage
## S3 method for class 'HMFA'
plot(x, axes = c(1,2),num=6, choix = "ind",
lab.grpe = TRUE, lab.var = TRUE, lab.ind.moy = TRUE,
invisible = NULL, lim.cos2.var = 0.,
xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, cex = 1, title = NULL, new.plot = FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class HMFA
num number of grpahs in a same windows
52 plot.HMFA
choix a string corresponding to the graph that you want to do ("ind" for the individual
or categorical variables graph, "var" for the quantitative variables graph, "axes"
for the graph of the partial axes, "group" for the groups representation)
lab.grpe boolean, if TRUE, the label of the groups are drawn
lab.var boolean, if TRUE, the label of the variables are drawn
the centers of gravity of the categorical variables (invisible= "quali")
lim.cos2.var value of the square cosinus under with the points are not drawn
title is chosen)
Value
Author(s)
Jeremy Mazet, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
HMFA
Examples
data(wine)
hierar <- list(c(2,5,3,10,9,2), c(4,2))
res.hmfa <- HMFA(wine, H = hierar, type=c("n",rep("s",5)), graph = FALSE)
plot(res.hmfa, invisible="quali")
plot(res.hmfa, invisible="ind")
plot.MCA 53
plot.MCA Draw the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) graphs
Description
Draw the Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) graphs.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'MCA'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2), choix=c("ind","var","quanti.sup"),
xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL,
invisible = c("none","ind","var","ind.sup","quali.sup","quanti.sup"),
col.ind = "blue", col.var = "red", col.quali.sup = "darkgreen",
col.ind.sup = "darkblue", col.quanti.sup = "blue",
label = c("all","none","ind","var","ind.sup","quali.sup","quanti.sup"),
title = NULL, habillage = "none",
palette = NULL, autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"), new.plot = FALSE,
select = NULL, selectMod = NULL, unselect = 0.7,
shadowtext = FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class MCA
choix the graph to plot ("ind" for the individuals and the categories, "var" for the vari-
ables, "quanti.sup" for the supplementary quantitative variables)
invisible string indicating if some points should not be drawn ("ind", "var", "ind.sup",
"quali.sup", "quanti.sup")
col.ind a color for the individuals, if color ="none" the label is not written
col.var a color for the categories of categorical variables, if color ="none" the label is
not written
col.quali.sup a color for the categorical supplementary variables, if color ="none" the label is
not written
col.ind.sup a color for the supplementary individuals only if there is not habillage, if color
="none" the label is not written
col.quanti.sup a color for the supplementary quantitative variables, if color ="none" the label
is not written
label print the labels of the points; "all" print all the labels; may be a vector with "ind"
(for the individuals),"ind.sup" (for the supplementary individuals),"var" (for the
active categories), "quali.sup" "var" (for the supplementary categories)
54 plot.MCA
title is chosen)
habillage string corresponding to the color which are used. If "none", one color is used
for the individual, another one for the categorical variables; if "quali", one color
is used for each categorical variables; else if it is the position of a categorical
variable, it colors according to the different categories of this variable
selectMod a selection of the categories that are drawn; see the details section
Details
cex=0.7.
The select argument can be used in order to select a part of the elements (individuals if you draw
the graph of individuals, or variables if you draw the graph of variabless) that are drawn. For
example, you can use:
select = 1:5 and then the elements 1:5 are drawn.
select = c("name1","name5") and then the elements that have the names name1 and name5 are
drawn.
select = "coord 10" and then the 10 elements that have the highest (squared) coordinates on the
2 chosen dimensions are drawn.
select = "contrib 10" and then the 10 elements that have the highest contribution on the 2
dimensions of your plot are drawn.
select = "cos2 5" and then the 5 elements that have the highest cos2 on the 2 dimensions of
select = "dist 8" and then the 8 elements that have the highest distance to the center of gravity
are drawn.
The selectMod argument can be used in order to select the categories that are drawn.
plot.MFA 55
Value
Author(s)
See Also
MCA
Examples
data (poison)
res.mca = MCA (poison, quali.sup = 3:4, quanti.sup = 1:2, graph=FALSE)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("var","quali.sup"))
plot(res.mca,invisible="ind")
plot(res.mca,choix="var")
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind"),autoLab="yes", selectMod="cos2 10")
plot(res.mca,autoLab="yes", selectMod="cos2 5", select="cos2 5")
plot.MFA Draw the Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) graphs
Description
Draw the Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) graphs.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'MFA'

plot(x, axes = c(1, 2), choix = c("ind","var","group","axes","freq"),
ellipse=NULL, ellipse.par=NULL,
lab.grpe=TRUE, lab.var=TRUE, lab.ind=TRUE,
lab.par=FALSE, lab.col=TRUE, habillage="group", col.hab=NULL,
invisible = c("none","ind","ind.sup","quanti","quanti.sup",
"quali","quali.sup","row","row.sup","col","col.sup"),
partial = NULL, lim.cos2.var = 0.,
chrono = FALSE, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL,
title = NULL, palette = NULL,
autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"), new.plot = FALSE,
select = NULL, unselect = 0.7, shadowtext = FALSE, ...)
56 plot.MFA
Arguments
x an object of class MFA
choix a string corresponding to the graph that you want to do ("ind" for the individual
or categorical variables graph, "var" for the quantitative variables graph, "freq"
for the frequence or contingency tables, "axes" for the graph of the partial axes,
"group" for the groups representation)
ellipse boolean (NULL by default), if not null, draw ellipses around the individuals,
and use the results of coord.ellipse
ellipse.par boolean (NULL by default), if not null, draw ellipses around the partial individ-
uals, and use the results of coord.ellipse
lab.grpe boolean, if TRUE, the labels of the groups are drawn
lab.var boolean, if TRUE, the labels of the variables are drawn
lab.ind boolean, if TRUE, the labels of the mean points are drawn
lab.par boolean, if TRUE, the labels of the partial points are drawn
lab.col boolean, if TRUE, the labels of the columns for the contingency tables are drawn
each individual; if "group" the individuals are colored according to the group;
else if it is the name or the position of a categorical variable, it colors according
to the different categories of this variable
col.hab the colors to use. By default, colors are chosen
invisible list of string; for choix ="ind", the individuals can be omit (invisible = "ind"),
or supplementary individuals (invisible="ind.sup") or the center of gravity of
the categorical variables (invisible= "quali" or "quali.sup" for the supplemen-
tary categories); if invisible = c("ind","ind.sup"), just the centers of gravity are
drawn; if choix="var", invisible="quanti" suppress the active variable and invis-
ible = "quanti.sup" suppress the supplementary variables
partial list of the individuals or of the center of gravity for which the partial points
should be drawn (by default, partial = NULL and no partial points are drawn)
lim.cos2.var value of the square cosinus under with the points are not drawn
title is chosen)
plot.MFA 57

Details
cex=0.7.
the graph of individuals, or variables if you draw the graph of variabless) that are drawn. For exam-
ple, you can use:
drawn.
select = "coord 10" and then the 10 elements (individuals, variables, frequencies) that have the
highest (squared) coordinates on the 2 chosen dimensions are drawn.
select = "contrib 10" and then the 10 elements (individuals, variables, frequencies) that have
the highest contribution on the 2 dimensions of your plot are drawn.
select = "cos2 5" and then the 5 elements (individuals, variables, frequencies) that have the
highest cos2 on the 2 dimensions of your plot are drawn.
selectMod = "contrib 5", the 5 categories that contribute the most to the two dimensions are
drawn.
selectMod = "cos2 0.5", the categories that have a cos2 greater than 0.5 on the two dimensions
are drawn.
selectMod = "v.test 2", the categories that have a v.test higher than the value on one of the two
dimensions are drawn.
Value
Author(s)
See Also
MFA
58 plot.PCA
Examples
## Not run:
data(wine)
res <- MFA(wine,group=c(2,5,3,10,9,2),type=c("n",rep("s",5)),ncp=5,
name.group=c("orig","olf","vis","olfag","gust","ens"),
num.group.sup=c(1,6),graph=FALSE)
plot(res, choix = "ind")
plot(res, choix = "ind", partial="all")
plot(res, choix = "ind", habillage="Label")
plot(res, choix = "var", habillage="group")
plot(res, choix = "axes")
data(wine)
res <- MFA(wine, group=c(2,5,3,10,9,2), type=c("n",rep("s",5)),
ncp=5, name.group=c("orig","olf","vis","olfag","gust","ens"),
num.group.sup=c(1,6))
summary(res)
barplot(res$eig[,1],main="Eigenvalues",names.arg=1:nrow(res$eig))
#### Confidence ellipses around categories per variable

plotellipses(res)
plotellipses(res,keepvar="Label") ## for 1 variable
#### Interactive graph

liste = plotMFApartial(res)
plot(res,choix="ind",habillage = "Terroir")
###Example with groups of categorical variables

data (poison)
MFA(poison, group=c(2,2,5,6), type=c("s","n","n","n"),
name.group=c("desc","desc2","symptom","eat"),
num.group.sup=1:2)
###Example with groups of frequency tables

data(mortality)
name.group=c("1979","2006"))
## End(Not run)
plot.PCA Draw the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) graphs
Description
Plot the graphs for a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with supplementary individuals, supple-
mentary quantitative variables and supplementary categorical variables.
plot.PCA 59
Usage
## S3 method for class 'PCA'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2), choix = c("ind","var"),
ellipse = NULL, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, habillage="none",
col.hab = NULL, col.ind="black", col.ind.sup="blue",
col.quali="magenta", col.quanti.sup="blue", col.var="black",
label = c("all","none","ind","ind.sup","quali","var","quanti.sup"),
invisible = c("none","ind","ind.sup","quali","var","quanti.sup"),
lim.cos2.var = 0., title = NULL, palette=NULL,
autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"), new.plot = FALSE, select = NULL,
unselect = 0.7, shadowtext = FALSE, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class PCA
ellipse boolean (NULL by default), if not null, draw ellipses around the individuals,
and use the results of coord.ellipse
habillage give no color for the individuals ("none"), a color for each individual ("ind"),
or color the individuals among a categorical variable (give the number of the
categorical variable)
col.hab a vector with the color to use for the individuals
col.ind a color for the individuals only if there is not habillage
col.ind.sup a color for the supplementary individuals only if there is not habillage
col.quali a color for the categories of categorical variables only if there is not habillage
col.quanti.sup a color for the quantitative supplementary variables
col.var a color for the variables
are labelled ("ind", ind.sup", "quali", "var", "quanti.sup"))
invisible string indicating if some points should not be drawn ("ind", "ind.sup" or "quali"
for the individual graph and "var" or "quanti.sup" for the correlation circle graph)
title is chosen)
60 plot.PCA
Details
cex=0.7.
the graph of individuals, or variables if you draw the graph of variabless) that are drawn. For exam-
ple, you can use:
drawn.
select = "coord 10" and then the 10 elements that have the highest (squared) coordinates on the
2 chosen dimensions are drawn.
select = "contrib 10" and then the 10 elements that have the highest contribution on the 2
dimensions of your plot are drawn.
select = "cos2 5" and then the 5 elements that have the highest cos2 on the 2 dimensions of
select = "dist 8" and then the 8 elements that have the highest distance to the center of gravity
are drawn.
Value
Author(s)
See Also
PCA
plot.spMCA 61
Examples
data(decathlon)
res.pca <- PCA(decathlon, quanti.sup = 11:12, quali.sup = 13)
plot(res.pca, habillage = 13, col.hab=c("green","blue"))
## To automatically draw ellipses around the barycentres of all the categorical variables
## Selection of some individuals
plot(res.pca,select="contrib 7") #plot the 7 individuals that have the highest cos2
plot(res.pca,select="cos2 0.8") #plot the individuals that have a cos2 greater than 0.8
plot(res.pca,select="cos2 5") #plot the 5 individuals that have the highest cos2
plot(res.pca,choix="var",select="cos2 0.6") #plot the variables that have a cos2 greater than 0.6
plot.spMCA Draw the specific Multiple Correspondence Analysis (spMCA) graphs
Description
Draw the specific Multiple Correspondence Analysis (spMCA) graphs.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'spMCA'
plot(x, axes = c(1, 2), choix=c("ind","var","quanti.sup"),
xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, invisible = NULL,
col.ind = "blue", col.var = "red", col.quali.sup = "darkgreen",
col.ind.sup = "darkblue", col.quanti.sup = "blue",
label = "all", cex = 1, title = NULL, habillage = "none",
palette = NULL, autoLab = c("auto","yes","no"), new.plot = FALSE,
select = NULL, selectMod = NULL, unselect = 0.7, ...)
Arguments
x an object of class spMCA
choix the graph to plot ("ind" for the individuals and the categories, "var" for the vari-
ables)
invisible string indicating if some points should not be drawn ("ind", "var")
col.ind a color for the individuals, if color ="none" the label is not written
col.var a color for the categories of categorical variables, if color ="none" the label is
not written
col.quali.sup not used. a color for the categorical supplementary variables, if color ="none"
the label is not written
62 plot.spMCA
col.ind.sup not used. a color for the supplementary individuals only if there is not habillage,
if color ="none" the label is not written
col.quanti.sup not used. a color for the supplementary quantitative variables, if color ="none"
the label is not written
label print the labels of the points
title is chosen)
habillage string corresponding to the color which are used. If "none", one color is used
for the individual, another one for the categorical variables; if "quali", one color
is used for each categorical variables; else if it is the position of a categorical
variable, it colors according to the different categories of this variable
selectMod a selection of the categories that are drawn; see the details section
Value
Author(s)
See Also
spMCA
Examples
data (poison)
res <- spMCA (poison[,3:8],excl=c(1,3))
plot(res,invisible="ind")
plot(res,invisible="var")
plotellipses 63
## Categories that have a cos2 less than 0.6 are not drawn
plot(res,invisible="var",selectMod="cos2 0.6")
plot(res,choix="var")
plotellipses Draw confidence ellipses around the categories
Description
Draw confidence ellipses around the categories.
Usage
plotellipses(model, keepvar = "all", axes = c(1, 2), means=TRUE, level = 0.95,
magnify = 2, cex = 1, pch = 20, pch.means=15, type = c("g","p"),
keepnames = TRUE, namescat = NULL, xlim=NULL, ylim=NULL, lwd=1,
label="all", autoLab=c("auto","yes","no"),...)
Arguments
model an object of class MCA or PCA or MFA
keepvar a boolean or numeric vector of indexes of variables or a character vector of
names of variables. If keepvar is "all", "quali" or "quali.sup" variables which are
plotted are all the categorical variables, only those which are used to compute
the dimensions (active variables) or only the supplementary categorical vari-
ables. If keepvar is a numeric vector of indexes or a character vector of names
of variables, only relevant variables are plotted.
means boolean which indicates if the confidence ellipses are for (the coordinates of)
the means of the categories (the empirical variance is divided by the number of
observations) or for (the coordinates of) the observations of the categories
level the confidence level for the ellipses
magnify numeric which control how the level names are magnified. A value of 2 means
that the level names have character expansion equal to two times cex
pch plotting character for coordinates, cf. function par in the graphics package
pch.means plotting character for means, cf. function par in the graphics package
type cf. function xyplot in the lattice package
keepnames a boolean or numeric vector of indexes of variables or a character vector of
names of variables. If keepnames is TRUE, names of levels are taken from the
(modified) dataset extracted from modele, if FALSE trimming names is done.
When trimming, names of levels are taken from the (modified) dataset extracted
from modele, then, the corresponding number of characters of names of original
variables plus 1 is removed. If keepnames is a vector of indexes or names,
trimming is done on all variables excepted whose in keepnames
64 plotellipses
namescat a vector giving for each observation the value of categorical variable, each vari-
able are stacked under each other. If NULL, names are taken from the (modified)
dataset extracted from modele
lwd The line width, a positive number, defaulting to 1
label a list of character for the elements which are labelled (by default, "all", you can
use "none", "ind", ind.sup"))
autoLab if autoLab="auto", autoLab is equal to "y" if there are less than 50 elements
and "no" otherwise; if "y", the labels of the drawn elements are placed in a
Value
Return a graph with the ellipses. If only one variable is chosen, the graph is different.
Author(s)
Pierre-Andre Cornillon, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
MCA,PCA
Examples
## Not run:
data(poison)
res.mca = MCA(poison, quali.sup = 3:4, quanti.sup = 1:2)
plotellipses(res.mca)
## End(Not run)
data(decathlon)
plotellipses(res.pca,keepvar=13)
plotGPApartial 65
plotGPApartial Draw an interactive General Procrustes Analysis (GPA) map
Description
Draw an interactive General Procrustes Analysis (GPA) map. The graph is interactive and clicking
on a point will draw the partial points, if you click on a point for which the partial points are yet
drawn, the partial points are deleted. To stop the interactive plot, click on the title (or in the top of
the graph)
Usage
plotGPApartial(x, axes = c(1, 2),
lab.ind.moy = TRUE, habillage = "ind",
chrono = FALSE, draw.partial = NULL,
xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL, cex = 1, title = NULL, palette = NULL, ...)
Arguments
each individual; if "group" the individuals are colored according to the group
draw.partial data frame of a boolean variable for all the individuals and all the centers of
gravity and with for which the partial points should be drawn (by default, NULL
and no partial points are drawn)
title is chosen)
Value
Returns the General Procrustes Analysis map.
66 plotMFApartial
Author(s)
See Also
GPA
plotMFApartial Plot an interactive Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) graph
Description
Draw an interactive Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) graphs.
Usage
plotMFApartial(x, axes = c(1, 2),
lab.ind = TRUE, lab.par = FALSE, habillage = "ind",
chrono = FALSE, col.hab = NULL, invisible = NULL,
draw.partial = NULL, xlim = NULL, ylim = NULL,
cex = 1, title = NULL, palette = NULL, ...)
Arguments
lab.ind boolean, if TRUE, the label of the mean points are drawn
lab.par boolean, if TRUE, the label of the partial points are drawn
each individual; if "quali" the individuals are colored according to one categori-
cal variable; if "group" the individuals are colored according to the group
col.hab the colors to use. By default, colors are chosen
supplementary individuals (invisible="ind.sup") or the centerg of gravity of the
categorical variables (invisible= "quali"); if invisible = c("ind","ind.sup"), just
the centers of gravity are drawn
draw.partial data frame of a boolean variable for all the individuals and all the centers of
gravity and with for which the partial points should be drawn (by default, NULL
and no partial points are drawn)
poison 67

title is chosen)
Value
Draw a graph with the individuals and the centers of gravity. The graph is interactive and clicking
on a point will draw the partial points, if you click on a point for which the partial points are yet
drawn, the partial points are deleted. To stop the interactive plot, click on the title (or in the top of
the graph)
Author(s)
See Also
MFA, plot.MFA
Examples
## Not run:
data(wine)
res.wine = MFA(wine,group=c(2,5,3,10,9,2),type=c("n",rep("s",5)),ncp=5,
liste = plotMFApartial(res.wine)
## End(Not run)
poison Poison
Description
The data used here refer to a survey carried out on a sample of children of primary school who
suffered from food poisoning. They were asked about their symptoms and about what they ate.
Usage
data(poison)
68 poulet
Format
A data frame with 55 rows and 15 columns.
Examples
data(poison)
res.mca <- MCA(poison, quanti.sup = 1:2, quali.sup=c(3,4))
poison.text Poison
Description
The data used here refer to a survey carried out on a sample of children of primary school who
suffered from food poisoning. They were asked about their symptoms and about what they ate.
Usage
data(poison)
Format
A data frame with 55 rows and 3 columns (the sex, if they are sick or not, and a textual variable
with their symptom and what they eat).
Examples
data(poison.text)
res.text <- textual(poison.text, num.text = 3, contingence.by = c(1,2))
## Contingence table for the sex variable, the sich variable and the couple
## of variable sick-sex
res.text2 <- textual(poison.text, num.text = 3, contingence.by = list(1,2,c(1,2)))
poulet Genomic data for chicken
Description
Genomic data for chicken
Usage
data(poulet)
prefpls 69
Format
A data frame with 43 chickens and 7407 variables. A factor with levels J16 J16R16 J16R5 J48
J48R24 N
And many continuous variables corresponding to the gene expression
Examples
## Not run:
data(poulet)
res.pca = PCA(poulet,quali.sup=1, graph=FALSE)
plot(res.pca)
plot(res.pca,habillage=1,label="quali",
palette=palette(c("black","red","blue","darkgreen","purple","orange")))
dimdesc(res.pca)
## Dessine des ellipses autour des centres de gravite
## End(Not run)
prefpls Scatter plot and additional variables with quality of representation

contour lines
Description
This function is useful to interpret the usual graphs $(x,y)$ with additional quantitative variables.
Usage
prefpls(donnee, var1 = 1, var2 = 2, firstvar = 3,
lastvar = ncol(donnee), levels = c(0.2,0.4,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9,1),
asp = 1, nbchar = max(nchar(colnames(donnee))), title = NULL,
choix="var")
Arguments
donnee a data frame made up of quantitative variables
var1 the position of the variable corresponding to the x-axis
var2 the position of the variable corresponding to the y-axis
firstvar the position of the first endogenous variable
lastvar the position of the last endogenous variable (by default the last column of donnee)
levels a list of the levels displayed in the graph of variables
asp aspect ratio for the graph of the individuals
nbchar the number of characters used for the labels of the variables
title is chosen)
70 print.CA
Details
This function is very useful when there is a strong correlation between two variables x and y
Value
A scatter plot of the invividuals
A graph with additional variables and the quality of representation contour lines.
Author(s)
References
Husson, F. & Pags, J. (2005). Scatter plot and additional variables. Journal of applied statistics
Examples
data(decathlon)
prefpls(decathlon[,c(11,12,1:10)])
print.CA Print the Correspondance Analysis (CA) results
Description
Print the Correspondance Analysis (CA) results.
Usage
print(x, file = NULL, sep = ";", ...)
Arguments
file A connection, or a character string naming the file to print to. If NULL (the
default), the results are not printed in a file
sep character string to insert between the objects to print (if the argument file is not
NULL
Author(s)
See Also
CA, write.infile
print.CaGalt 71
print.CaGalt Print the Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexi-

cal Table (CaGalt) results
Description
Print the Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table (CaGalt) results
Usage

Arguments
x an object of class CaGalt

NULL)
Author(s)
See Also
CaGalt, write.infile
Examples
## Not run:
data(health)
print(res.cagalt)
## End(Not run)
72 print.GPA
print.FAMD Print the Multiple Factor Analysis of mixt Data (FAMD) results
Description
Print the Multiple Factor Analysis of mixt Data (FAMD) results.
Usage

Arguments
x an object of class FAMD

NULL
Author(s)
See Also
FAMD
print.GPA Print the Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) results
Description
Print the Generalized Procrustes Analysis (GPA) results.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'GPA'

print.HCPC 73
Arguments
NULL
Author(s)
See Also
GPA, write.infile
print.HCPC Print the Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC)

results
Description
Print the Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) results.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'HCPC'
Arguments
x an object of class HCPC
NULL
Author(s)
See Also
HCPC, write.infile
74 print.MCA
print.HMFA Print the Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis results
Description
Print the Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis results.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'HMFA'

Arguments
x an object of class HMFA

NULL
Author(s)
Sebastien Le, Francois Husson <[email protected]>
See Also
HMFA, write.infile
print.MCA Print the Multiple Correspondance Analysis (MCA) results
Description
Print the Multiple Correspondance Analysis (spMCA) results.
Usage

print.MFA 75
Arguments
x an object of class MCA
NULL
Author(s)
See Also
MCA, write.infile
print.MFA Print the Multiple Factor Analysis results
Description
Print the Multiple Factor Analysis results.
Usage
Arguments
NULL
Author(s)
See Also
MFA, write.infile
76 print.PCA
print.PCA Print the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results
Description
Print the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) results.
Usage

Arguments
x an object of class PCA

NULL
Author(s)
See Also
PCA, write.infile
Examples
## Not run:
data(decathlon)
print(res.pca, file="c:/essai.csv", sep = ";")
## End(Not run)
print.spMCA 77
print.spMCA Print the specific Multiple Correspondance Analysis (spMCA) results
Description
Print the specific Multiple Correspondance Analysis (spMCA) results.
Usage
## S3 method for class 'spMCA'
Arguments
x an object of class spMCA
NULL
Author(s)
See Also
spMCA, write.infile
reconst Reconstruction of the data from the PCA, CA or MFA results
Description
Reconstruct the data from the PCA, CA or MFA results.
Usage
reconst(res, ncp=NULL)
Arguments
res an object of class PCA, CA or MFA
ncp number of dimensions used to reconstitute the data (by default NULL and the
number of dimensions calculated for the PCA, CA or MFA is used)
78 RegBest
Value
Returns a data frame with the number of individuals and the number of variables used for the PCA,
CA or MFA
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Julie Josse<[email protected]>
See Also
PCA,CA, MFA
Examples
data(decathlon)
res.pca <- PCA(decathlon, quanti.sup = 11:12, quali.sup=13, graph=FALSE)
rec <- reconst(res.pca,ncp=2)
RegBest Select variables in multiple linear regression
Description
Find an optimal submodel
Usage
RegBest(y,x, int = TRUE, wt=NULL, na.action = na.omit,
method=c("r2","Cp", "adjr2"), nbest=1)
Arguments
y A response vector
x A matrix of predictors
int Add an intercept to the model
wt Optional weight vector
na.action Handling missing values
method Calculate R-squared, adjusted R-squared or Cp to select the model. By default
a the F-test on the r-square is used
nbest number of best models for each set of explained variables (by default 1)
Value
Returns the objects
all gives all the nbest best models for a given number of variables
best the best model
senso 79
Author(s)
See Also
lm
Examples
data(milk)
res = RegBest(y=milk[,6],x=milk[,-6])
res$best
senso senso
Description
Dataset to illustrate one-way and Two-way analysis of variance
Usage
data(senso)
Format
Dataset with 45 rows and 3 columns: Score, Product and Day
Examples
## Example of 2-way analysis of variance
data(senso)
res <- AovSum (Score~ Product + Day, data=senso)
res
## Example of 2-way analysis of variance with interaction

data(senso)
res2 <- AovSum (Score~ Product + Day + Product : Day, data=senso)
res2
80 simule
simule Simulate by bootstrap
Description
Simulate by bootstrap
Usage
simule(data, nb.simul)
Arguments
data A data frame from which the rows are the original data from which the simualte
data are calculated (by the average of a bootstrap sample. The columns cor-
responds to the variables for which the simulation should be done. The first
column must be a factor allowing to group the rows. A bootstrap simulation is
done for each level of this factor.
nb.simul The number of simulations.
Details
The simulation is independently done for each level of the factor. The number of rows can be
different for each levels.
Value
mean Data.frame with all the levels of the factor variable, and for each variable, the
mean of the original data.
simul Data.frame with all the levels of the factor variable, and for each variable, the
nb.simul bootstrap simulations.
simul.mean Data.frame with all the levels of the factor variable, and for each variable, the
mean of the simulated data.
Author(s)
Jeremy Mazet
spMCA 81
spMCA Specific Multiple Correspondence Analysis (spMCA)
Description
Performs Specific Multiple Correspondence Analysis (spMCA) with supplementary categories and
supplementary categorical variables.
Usage
spMCA(X,excl=NULL,ncp=5,quali.sup=NULL,graph=TRUE)
Arguments
X a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (categorical variables)
excl a vector with the indices of the categories to exclude
Value
contributions)
var a list of matrices containing all the results for the active categories (coordinates,
contribution, square cosine, v.test, eta2, contribution of the variables)
quali.sup a list of matrices containing all the results for the supplementary categories (co-
ordinates, square cosine, v.test)
Returns the graphs of the individuals and categories and the graph with the variables.
Author(s)
Francois Husson <[email protected]>,
References
Le Roux, B. and H. Rouanet (2010). Multiple Correspondence Analysis, vol. 163: Sage
See Also
print.spMCA, plot.spMCA
82 summary.CA
Examples
## Not run:
data (poison)
res <- spMCA (poison[,3:8],excl=c(1,3))
## End(Not run)
summary.CA Printing summeries of ca objects
Description
Printing summaries of correspondence analysis objects
Usage

summary(object, nb.dec = 3, nbelements=10,
ncp = 3, align.names=TRUE, file="", ...)
Arguments
object an object of class CA

nb.dec number of decimal printed
nbelements number of elements written (rows, columns, ...) ; use nbelements = Inf if you
want to have all the elements
ncp number of dimensions printed
align.names boolean, if TRUE the names of the objects are written using the same number
of characters
file a connection, or a character string naming the file to print to
Author(s)
See Also
CA
summary.CaGalt 83
summary.CaGalt Printing summaries of CaGalt objects
Description
Printing summaries of Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table (CaGalt)
objects
Usage
summary(object, nb.dec = 3, nbelements=10, nbind = nbelements,
ncp = 3, align.names=TRUE, file="", ...)
Arguments
object an object of class CaGalt
nb.dec number of printed decimals
nbelements number of written elements (variables, categories, frequencies); use nbelements
= Inf if you want to have all the elements
nbind number of written elements; use nbind = Inf to have the results for all the indi-
viduals and nbind = 0 if you do not want the results for individuals
ncp number of printed dimensions
of characters
Author(s)
See Also
CaGalt
Examples
## Not run:
data(health)
summary(res.cagalt)
## End(Not run)
84 summary.FAMD
summary.FAMD Printing summeries of FAMD objects
Description
Printing summaries of factor analysis on mixed data objects
Usage

nbind=nbelements, ncp = 3, align.names=TRUE , file="", ...)
Arguments
object an object of class FAMD

nbelements number of elements written (variables, categories, ...); use nbelements = Inf
if you want to have all the elements
nbind number of individuals written (individuals and supplementary individuals, ...);
use nbind = Inf to have the results for all the individuals and nbind = 0 if
you do not want the results for individuals
of characters
Author(s)
See Also
FAMD
summary.MCA 85
summary.MCA Printing summeries of MCA objects
Description
Printing summaries of multiple correspondence analysis objects
Usage

nbind=nbelements, ncp = 3, align.names=TRUE, file="", ...)
Arguments
object an object of class MCA

of characters
Author(s)
See Also
MCA
86 summary.MFA
summary.MFA Printing summeries of MFA objects
Description
Printing summaries of multiple factor analysis objects
Usage

nbind = nbelements, ncp = 3, align.names=TRUE, file="", ...)
Arguments
object an object of class MFA

nbelements number of elements written (groups, variables, categories, ...); use nbelements = Inf
of characters
Author(s)
See Also
MFA
summary.PCA 87
summary.PCA Printing summeries of PCA objects
Description
Printing summaries of principal component analysis objects
Usage

nbind = nbelements, ncp = 3, align.names=TRUE, file="", ...)
Arguments
object an object of class PCA

of characters
Author(s)
See Also
PCA
88 tab.disjonctif
svd.triplet Singular Value Decomposition of a Matrix
Description
Compute the singular-value decomposition of a rectangular matrix with weights for rows and
columns.
Usage
svd.triplet(X, row.w=NULL, col.w=NULL, ncp=Inf)
Arguments
X a data matrix
row.w vector with the weights of each row (NULL by default and the weights are uni-
form)
col.w vector with the weights of each column (NULL by default and the weights are
uniform)
ncp the number of components kept for the outputs
Value
vs a vector containing the singular values of x;
u a matrix whose columns contain the left singular vectors of x;
v a matrix whose columns contain the right singular vectors of x.
See Also
svd
tab.disjonctif Make a disjonctif table
Description
Make a disjonctif table.
Usage
tab.disjonctif(tab)
Arguments
tab a data frame with factors
tab.disjonctif.prop 89
Value
The disjonctif table
tab.disjonctif.prop Make a disjunctive table when missing values are present
Description
Create a disjunctive table. The missing values are replaced by the proportion of the category.
Usage
tab.disjonctif.prop(tab,seed=NULL,row.w=NULL)
Arguments
tab a data frame with factors
seed a single value, interpreted as an integer for the set.seed function (if seed =
NULL, missing values are initially imputed by the mean of each variable)
Value
The disjonctif table.prop
tea tea (data)
Description
The data used here concern a questionnaire on tea. We asked to 300 individuals how they drink
tea (18 questions), what are their products perception (12 questions) and some personal details (4
questions).
Usage
data(tea)
Format
A data frame with 300 rows and 36 columns. Rows represent the individuals, columns represent the
different questions. The first 18 questions are active ones, the 19th is a supplementary quantitative
variable (the age) and the last variables are supplementary categorical variables.
90 textual
Examples
## Not run:
data(tea)
res.mca=MCA(tea,quanti.sup=19,quali.sup=20:36)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("var","quali.sup","quanti.sup"),cex=0.7)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("ind","quali.sup","quanti.sup"),cex=0.8)
plot(res.mca,invisible=c("quali.sup","quanti.sup"),cex=0.8)
dimdesc(res.mca)
## make a hierarchical clustering: click on the tree to define the number of clusters
## HCPC(res.mca)
## End(Not run)
textual Text mining
Description
Calculates the number of occurence of each words and a contingence table
Usage
textual(tab, num.text, contingence.by=1:ncol(tab),
maj.in.min = TRUE, sep.word=NULL)
Arguments
tab a data frame with one textual variable
num.text indice of the textual variable
contingence.by a list with the indices of the variables for which a contingence table is calculated
by default a contingence table is calculated for all the variables (except the tex-
tual one). A contingence table can also be calculated for couple of variables. If
contingence.by is equal to num.text, then the contingence table is calculated
for each row of the data table
maj.in.min boolean, if TRUE majuscule are transformed in minuscule
sep.word a string with all the characters which correspond to separator of words (by de-
fault sep.word = "; (),?./:'!$=+\n;{}<>[]@-")
Value
cont.table the contingence table with in rows the categories of the categorical variables (or
the couple of categories), and in column the words, and in each cell the number
of occurence
nb.words a data.frame with all the words and for each word, the number of lists in which
it is present, and the number of occurence
wine 91
Author(s)
See Also
CA, descfreq
Examples
data(poison.text)
res.text <- textual(poison.text, num.text = 3, contingence.by = 1)
descfreq(res.text$cont.table)
## Contingence table for the couple of variable sick-sex
res.text2 <- textual(poison.text, num.text = 3, contingence.by = list(c(1,2)))
descfreq(res.text2$cont.table)
## Contingence table for sex, sick and the couple of variable sick-sex
res.text2 <- textual(poison.text, num.text = 3, contingence.by = list(1,2,c(1,2)))
wine Wine
Description
The data used here refer to 21 wines of Val de Loire.
Usage
data(wine)
Format
A data frame with 21 rows (the number of wines) and 31 columns: the first column corresponds to
the label of origin, the second column corresponds to the soil, and the others correspond to sensory
descriptors.
Source
Centre de recherche INRA dAngers
Examples
data(wine)
## Example of PCA
res.pca = PCA(wine,ncp=5, quali.sup = 1:2)
## Not run:
## Example of MCA
res.mca = MCA(wine,ncp=5, quanti.sup = 3:ncol(wine))
92 write.infile
## Example of MFA
res.mfa = MFA(wine,group=c(2,5,3,10,9,2),type=c("n",rep("s",5)),ncp=5,
plotellipses(res.mfa)
plotellipses(res.mfa,keepvar="Label") ## for 1 variable
## End(Not run)
write.infile Print in a file
Description
Print in a file.
Usage
write.infile(X, file, sep=";", append = FALSE, nb.dec=4)
Arguments
X an object of class list, data.frame, matrix, ...
file A connection, or a character string naming the file to print to
NULL)
append logical. If TRUE output will be appended to file; otherwise, it will overwrite the
contents of file.
nb.dec number of decimal printed, by default 4
Author(s)
Examples
## Not run:
data(decathlon)
write.infile(res.pca, file="c:/essai.csv", sep = ";")
## End(Not run)
Index
Topic Factor analysis prefpls, 69

FactoMineR-package, 3 simule, 80
Topic algebra Topic models
svd.triplet, 88 AovSum, 4
tab.disjonctif, 88 RegBest, 78
tab.disjonctif.prop, 89 Topic multivariate
Topic datasets CA, 6
children, 10 CaGalt, 7
decathlon, 14 catdes, 9
footsize, 23 coeffRV, 11
geomorphology, 23 condes, 12
health, 29 descfreq, 15
hobbies, 31 dimdesc, 16
JO, 32 DMFA, 17
milk, 38 ellipseCA, 19
mortality, 38 estim_ncp, 20
poison, 67 FAMD, 21
poison.text, 68 GPA, 24
poulet, 68 HCPC, 27
senso, 79 HMFA, 30
tea, 89 MCA, 33
wine, 91 MFA, 35
Topic dplot PCA, 39
autoLab, 5 plot.CaGalt, 43
coord.ellipse, 13 plotellipses, 63
graph.var, 26 print.CaGalt, 71
plot.CA, 41 reconst, 77
plot.catdes, 45 spMCA, 81
plot.DMFA, 46 summary.CaGalt, 83
plot.FAMD, 47 textual, 90
plot.GPA, 49 Topic print
plot.HCPC, 50 print.CA, 70
plot.HMFA, 51 print.FAMD, 72
plot.MCA, 53 print.GPA, 72
plot.MFA, 55 print.HCPC, 73
plot.PCA, 58 print.HMFA, 74
plot.spMCA, 61 print.MCA, 74
plotGPApartial, 65 print.MFA, 75
plotMFApartial, 66 print.PCA, 76
93
94 INDEX
print.spMCA, 77 plot.catdes, 10, 45

write.infile, 92 plot.DMFA, 18, 46
plot.FAMD, 22, 47
agnes, 27 plot.GPA, 49
aov, 4 plot.HCPC, 29, 50
AovSum, 4 plot.HMFA, 31, 51
autoLab, 5 plot.MCA, 34, 53
plot.MFA, 36, 37, 55, 67
CA, 6, 17, 20, 43, 70, 78, 82, 91
plot.PCA, 40, 58
CaGalt, 7, 45, 71, 83
plot.spMCA, 61, 81
catdes, 9, 13, 16, 28, 29, 45, 46
plotellipses, 34, 63
children, 10
plotGPApartial, 65
coeffRV, 11
plotMFApartial, 66
condes, 10, 12, 16
poison, 67
coord.ellipse, 13
poison.text, 68
decathlon, 14 poulet, 68
descfreq, 15, 28, 91 prefpls, 69
dimdesc, 7, 16, 18, 31, 34, 37, 40 print.CA, 7, 70
DMFA, 17, 27, 47 print.CaGalt, 9, 71
print.FAMD, 22, 72
ellipseCA, 7, 19 print.GPA, 72
estim_ncp, 20 print.HCPC, 73
print.HMFA, 31, 74
FactoMineR (FactoMineR-package), 3 print.MCA, 34, 74
FactoMineR-package, 3 print.MFA, 37, 75
FAMD, 21, 49, 72, 84 print.PCA, 40, 76
footsize, 23 print.spMCA, 77, 81
geomorphology, 23 reconst, 77
GPA, 24, 50, 66, 73 RegBest, 78
graph.var, 26
senso, 79
HCPC, 27, 50, 51, 73 simule, 14, 80
health, 29 spMCA, 62, 77, 81
HMFA, 17, 27, 30, 52, 74 summary.CA, 7, 82
hobbies, 31 summary.CaGalt, 9, 83
summary.FAMD, 22, 84
JO, 32
summary.MCA, 34, 85
lm, 4, 79 summary.MFA, 37, 86
summary.PCA, 40, 87
MCA, 17, 27, 33, 55, 64, 75, 85 svd, 88
MFA, 17, 27, 35, 57, 67, 75, 78, 86 svd.triplet, 88
milk, 38
mortality, 38 tab.disjonctif, 88
tab.disjonctif.prop, 89
par, 26, 49, 52, 62, 63, 65, 67 tea, 89
PCA, 17, 21, 27, 39, 60, 64, 76, 78, 87 textual, 16, 90
plot.CA, 7, 20, 41
plot.CaGalt, 9, 43 wine, 91
INDEX 95
write.infile, 70, 71, 7377, 92
xyplot, 63

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Package FactoMineR

FactoMineR-package Multivariate Exploratory Data Analysis and Data Mining with R

Francois Husson, Julie Josse, Sebastien Le, Jeremy Mazet

Ftest a table with the F-tests

## Example two-way anova with interaction

autoLab Function to better position the labels on the graphs

CA Correspondence Analysis (CA)

call a list with some statistics

CaGalt Correspondence Analysis on Generalised Aggregated Lexical Table

catdes Categories description

children Children (data)

coeffRV Calculate the RV coefficient and test its significance

Julie Josse, Francois Husson <[email protected]>

Escouffier, Y. (1973) Le traitement des variables vectorielles. Biometrics 29 751760.

condes Continuous variable description

Description continuous by quantitative variables and/or by categorical variables

coord.ellipse Construct confidence ellipses

decathlon Performance in decathlon (data)

descfreq Description of frequencies

dimdesc Dimension description

PCA, CA, MCA, MFA, HMFA,

DMFA Dual Multiple Factor Analysis (DMFA)

DMFA(don, num.fact = ncol(don), scale.unit = TRUE, ncp = 5,

Returns a list including:

Francois Husson <[email protected]>

## Example with the famous Fisher's iris data

ellipseCA Draw confidence ellipses in CA

estim_ncp Estimate the number of components in Principal Component Analysis

Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Julie Josse<[email protected]>

FAMD Factor Analysis for Mixed Data

FAMD (base, ncp = 5, graph = TRUE, sup.var = NULL,

Returns the individuals factor map.

GPA Generalised Procrustes Analysis

A list containing the following components:

RV a matrix of RV coefficients between partial configurations

Commandeur, J.J.F (1991) Matching configurations.DSWO press, Leiden University.

graph.var Make graph of variables

HCPC Hierarchical Clustering on Principle Components (HCPC)

Francois Husson <[email protected]>, Guillaume Le Ray, Quentin Molto

### Construct a hierarchical tree from a partition (with 10 clusters)

health health (data)

HMFA Hierarchical Multiple Factor Analysis

hobbies hobbies (data)

JO Number of medals in athletism during olympic games per country

MCA Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA)

## Example with missing values : use the missMDA package

MFA Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA)

Francois Husson <[email protected]>, J. Mazet

print.MFA, summary.MFA, plot.MFA, dimdesc,

#### Interactive graph

###Example with groups of categorical variables

###Example with groups of frequency tables

mortality The cause of mortality in France in 1979 and 2006

PCA Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Performs Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with supplementary individuals, supplementary

PCA(X, scale.unit = TRUE, ncp = 5, ind.sup = NULL,

X a data frame with n rows (individuals) and p columns (numeric variables)

## Example with missing data

## use package missMDA