Scribd - Wikipedia 2024-04-18, 8:46 PM

Scribd
Scribd Inc. /ˈskrɪbd/ provides access to millions of ebooks,
Scribd, Inc.
audiobooks, magazines, podcasts, documents and more across
three unique platforms:

Everand offers millions of audiobooks, ebooks,

magazines, newspapers, podcasts and sheet music. Type of Private
Scribd hosts millions of documents. business

SlideShare provides millions of presentations and other Available in English, French,

professional content. German,
The company's mission is to spark human curiosity. With a Indonesian, Italian,
focus on the written and spoken word, its core products deliver Portuguese,
knowledge, information, and inspiration to billions of people Romanian, Russian,
across the globe. Everand, Scribd, and Slideshare are available Spanish
on iOS and Android devices, as well as web browsers. Everand Founded March 2007
is also available on Apple Watch. Scribd Inc. has 2 million Headquarters San Francisco,
paying subscribers across its three platforms, and has been California, U.S.
referred to as "the Netflix for books".[1][2][3]
Founder(s) Trip Adler
Jared Friedman
The company was founded in 2007 by Trip Adler, Jared
Tikhon Bernstam
Friedman, and Tikhon Bernstam, and headquartered in San
Francisco, California. Tony Grimminck took over as CEO in CEO Tony Grimminck
2024. Services Social reading and
publishing platform
History Subsidiaries SlideShare
Everand
URL www.scribd.com (htt
Founding (2007–2013)
ps://www.scribd.co
Scribd began as a site to host and share documents.[2] While at m/)
Harvard, Trip Adler was inspired to start Scribd after learning
about the lengthy process required to publish academic papers.
[4] His father, a doctor at Stanford, was told it would take 18

months to have his medical research published.[4] Adler

wanted to create a simple way to publish and share written Previous logo
content online.[5] He co-founded Scribd with Jared Friedman

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and attended the inaugural class of Y Combinator in the

summer of 2006.[6] There, Scribd received its initial $120,000 in seed funding and then launched
in a San Francisco apartment in March 2007.[7]

Scribd was called "the YouTube for documents", allowing anyone to self-publish on the site using
its document reader.[4] The document reader turns PDFs, Word documents, and PowerPoints into
Web documents that can be shared on any website that allows embeds.[8] In its first year, Scribd
grew rapidly to 23.5 million visitors as of November 2008.[9] It also ranked as one of the top 20
social media sites according to Comscore.[9]

In June 2009, Scribd launched the Scribd Store, enabling writers to easily upload and sell digital
copies of their work online.[10] That same month, the site partnered with Simon & Schuster to sell
e-books on Scribd.[11] The deal made digital editions of 5,000 titles available for purchase on
Scribd, including books from bestselling authors like Stephen King, Dan Brown, and Mary Higgins
Clark.[12]

In October 2009, Scribd launched its branded reader for media companies including The New
York Times, Los Angeles Times, Chicago Tribune, The Huffington Post, TechCrunch, and
MediaBistro.[8] ProQuest began publishing dissertations and theses on Scribd in December 2009.
[13] In August 2010, many notable documents hosted on Scribd began to go viral, including the

California Proposition 8 ruling, which received over 100,000 views in about 24 minutes, and HP's
lawsuit against Mark Hurd's move to Oracle.[14][15]

Subscription service (2013–2023)

In October 2013, Scribd officially launched its unlimited
subscription service for e-books. This gave users unlimited
access to Scribd's library of digital books for a flat monthly fee.
[1] The company also announced a partnership with

HarperCollins which made the entire backlist of HarperCollins'

catalog available on the subscription service.[16] According to
Chantal Restivo-Alessi, chief digital officer at HarperCollins,
this marked the first time that the publisher has released such a
large portion of its catalog.[17] In March 2014, Scribd Screenshots of Scribd's subscription
announced a deal with Lonely Planet, offering the travel service
publisher's entire library on its subscription service.[18]

In May 2014, Scribd further increased its subscription offering with 10,000 titles from Simon &
Schuster.[19] These titles included works from authors such as: Ray Bradbury, Doris Kearns
Goodwin, Ernest Hemingway, Walter Isaacson, Stephen King, Chuck Klosterman, and David

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McCullough.[20] Scribd has been criticized for advertising a free 14 day trial for which payment is
required before readers can trial the products. Readers discover this when they attempt to
download material.

Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription service in November 2014 and comic books in
February 2015.[21][22]

In February 2016, it was announced that only titles from a rotating selection of the library would be
available for unlimited reading, and subscribers would have credits to read three books and one
audiobook per month from the entire library with unused credits rolling over to the next month.[23]

The reporting system was discontinued on February 6, 2018, in favor of a system of "constantly
rotating catalogs of ebooks and audiobooks" that provided "an unlimited number of books and
audiobooks, alongside unlimited access to news, magazines, documents, and sheet music"[24] for a
monthly subscription fee of US$8.99.[25] However, under this unlimited service, Scribd would
occasionally "limit the titles that you’re able to access within a specific content library in a 30-day
period."[26]

In October 2018, Scribd announced a joint subscription to Scribd and The New York Times for
$12.99 per month.

Audiobooks
In November 2014, Scribd added audiobooks to its subscription library.[27] Wired noted that this
was the first subscription service to offer unlimited access to audiobooks, and "it represents a much
larger shift in the way digital content is consumed over the net."[28] In April 2015, the company
expanded its audiobook catalog in a deal with Penguin Random House.[29] This added 9,000
audiobooks to its platform including titles from authors like Lena Dunham, John Grisham, Gillian
Flynn, and George R.R. Martin.[30]

Comics
In February 2015, Scribd introduced comics to its subscription service.[31] The company added
10,000 comics and graphic novels from publishers including Marvel, Archie, Boom! Studios,
Dynamite, IDW, and Valiant.[22] These included series such as Guardians of the Galaxy,
Daredevil, X-O Manowar, and The Avengers.[32][33] However, in December 2016, comics were
eliminated from the service due to low demand.

Unbundling (2023 - present)

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In November 2023, Scribd unbundled from one single product into three distinct ones: Everand,
Scribd, and Slideshare. Everand was launched as a new service, focused solely on a customer
looking for entertainment in the form of books, magazines, podcasts and more. The subscription-
based app allows users to read what they want, where and how they want to do it.

Timeline
In February 2010, Scribd unveiled its first mobile plans for e-readers and smartphones.[34] In April
2010 Scribd launched a new feature called "Readcast",[35] which allows automatic sharing of
documents on Facebook and Twitter.[36] Also in April 2010, Scribd announced its integration of
Facebook social plug-ins at the Facebook f8 Developer Conference.[37]

Scribd rolled out a redesign on September 13, 2010, to become, according to TechCrunch, "the
social network for reading".[38]

In October 2013, Scribd launched its e-book subscription service, allowing readers to pay a flat
monthly fee in exchange for unlimited access to all of Scribd's book titles.[39]

In August 2020, Scribd announced its acquisition of the LinkedIn-owned SlideShare for an
undisclosed amount.[40]

In November 2023, Scribd unbundled into three distinct products: Everand, Scribd, and
Slideshare. Everand was launched as a new product, focusing solely on books, magazines, podcasts
and more.

Financials
The company was initially funded with US$120,000 from Y Combinator in 2006, and received over
US$3.7 million in June 2007 from Redpoint Ventures and The Kinsey Hills Group.[41] In
December 2008, the company raised US$9 million in a second round of funding led by Charles
River Ventures with re-investment from Redpoint Ventures and Kinsey Hills Group.[42] David O.
Sacks, former PayPal COO and founder of Yammer and Geni, joined Scribd's board of directors in
January 2010.[43]

In January 2011, Scribd raised an additional US$13 million in a round led by MLC Investments of
Australia and SVB Capital.[44] In January 2015, the company raised US$22 million in new funding
from Khosla Ventures with partner Keith Rabois joining the Scribd board of directors.[45]

In 2019, Scribd raised $58 million in new funding led by growth firm Spectrum Equity.[46]

Technology

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In July 2008, Scribd began using iPaper, a rich document format similar to PDF and built for the
web, which allows users to embed documents into a web page.[47] iPaper was built with Adobe
Flash, allowing it to be viewed the same across different operating systems (Windows, Mac OS, and
Linux) without conversion, as long as the reader has Flash installed (although Scribd has
announced non-Flash support for the iPhone).[48] All major document types can be formatted into
iPaper including Word docs, PowerPoint presentations, PDFs, OpenDocument documents,
OpenOffice.org XML documents, and PostScript files.

All iPaper documents are hosted on Scribd. Scribd allows published documents to either be private
or open to the larger Scribd community. The iPaper document viewer is also embeddable in any
website or blog, making it simple to embed documents in their original layout regardless of file
format. Scribd iPaper required Flash cookies to be enabled, which is the default setting in Flash.[49]

On May 5, 2010, Scribd announced that they would be converting the entire site to HTML5 at the
Web 2.0 Conference in San Francisco.[50] TechCrunch reported that Scribd is migrating away from
Flash to HTML5. "Scribd co-founder and chief technology officer Jared Friedman tells me: 'We are
scrapping three years of Flash development and betting the company on HTML5 because we
believe HTML5 is a dramatically better reading experience than Flash. Now any document can
become a Web page.'"[51][52]

Scribd has its own API to integrate external/third-party applications,[53] but is no longer offering
new API accounts.[54]

Since 2010, Scribd has been available on mobile phones and e-readers, in addition to personal
computers. As of December 2013, Scribd became available on app stores and various mobile
devices.

Reception

Accusations of defrauding and stealing from users

Scribd has been accused by "[having] built its business on stealing from former customers" after
numerous complaints of continuing to charge former subscribers on a monthly basis who had
cancelled their subscriptions long prior to the charges.[55]

Accusations of copyright infringement

Scribd has been accused of copyright infringement. In 2007, one year after its inception, Scribd
was served with 25 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown notices.[56] In March
2009, The Guardian writes, "Harry Potter author [J.K. Rowling] is among writers shocked to
discover their books available as free downloads. Neil Blair, Rowling’s lawyer, said the Harry Potter

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downloads were 'unauthorised and unlawful'...Rowling's novels aren't the only ones to be available
from Scribd. A quick search throws up novels from Salman Rushdie, Ian McEwan, Jeffrey Archer,
Ken Follett, Philippa Gregory, and J.R.R. Tolkien."[57] In September 2009, American author Elaine
Scott alleged that Scribd "shamelessly profits from the stolen copyrighted works of innumerable
authors".[58] Her attorneys sought class action status in their efforts to win damages from Scribd
for allegedly "egregious copyright infringement" and accused it of calculated copyright
infringement for profit.[59][60][61] The suit was dropped in July 2010.[62][63]

Controversies
In March 2009, the passwords of several Comcast customers were leaked on Scribd. The
passwords were later removed when the news was published by The New York Times.[64][65][66]

In July 2010, Gigaom reported that the script of The Social Network (2010) movie was uploaded
and leaked on Scribd; it was promptly taken down per Sony's DMCA request.[67]

Following a decision of the Istanbul 12th Criminal Court of Peace, dated March 8, 2013, access to
Scribd is blocked for Internet users in Turkey.[68]

In July 2014, Scribd was sued by Disability Rights Advocates (represented by Haben Girma), on
behalf of the National Federation of the Blind and a blind Vermont resident, for allegedly failing to
provide access to blind readers, in violation of the Americans with Disability Act.[69] Scribd moved
to dismiss, arguing that the ADA only applied to physical locations. In March 2015, the U.S.
District Court of Vermont ruled that the ADA covered online businesses as well. A settlement
agreement was reached, with Scribd agreeing to provide content accessible to blind readers by the
end of 2017.[70]

BookID
To counteract the uploading of unauthorized content, Scribd created BookID, an automated
copyright protection system that helps authors and publishers identify unauthorized use of their
works on Scribd.[71] This technology works by analyzing documents for semantic data, metadata,
images, and other elements and creates an encoded "fingerprint" of the copyrighted work.[72]

Supported file formats

Supported formats include:[73][74]

Microsoft Excel (.xls, .xlsx)

Microsoft PowerPoint (.ppt, .pps, .pptx, .ppsx)
Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx)

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OpenDocument (.odt, .odp, .ods, .odf, .odg)

OpenOffice.org XML (.sxw, .sxi, .sxc, .sxd)
Plain text (.txt)
Portable Document Format (.pdf)
PostScript (.ps)
Rich text format (.rtf)
Tagged image file format (.tif, .tiff)

See also
Slideshare
Amazon Lending Library and Kindle Unlimited
Document collaboration
Oyster (company)
Wayback Machine
WebCite

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External links
Official website (https://www.scribd.com/)

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scribd&oldid=1219656802"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scribd Page 14 of 14