4Q Sci10 Las2 - Charles' Law

10
Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
Division of Sorsogon
GURUYAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
S.Y. 2022 – 2023
I. LEARNING COMPETENCY
Investigate the relationship between:
1. volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas
2. explains these relationships using the kinetic molecular theory (S9MT-IIj20)
II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT (Background)
CHARLES’ LAW
The volume – temperature relationship in gases was
determined by and named after Jacques Charles. In his experiment, he
found out that heating a gas will cause it to expand by a certain fraction.
Thus, increasing the temperature makes the volume of a gas increased and
decreasing the temperature makes the volume decreased.
Charles’ law states that the volume of a given mass of gas varies
directly with the absolute temperature of the gas when pressure is
kept constant
The absolute temperature is the temperature measured with the Kelvin scale. The
Kelvin scale must be used because zero on the scale corresponds to a complete stoppage
of molecular motion.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY AND CHARLES’ LAW

Kinetic molecular theory states that an increase in temperature raises the average
kinetic energy of the molecules. If the molecules are moving more rapidly but the pressure
remains the same, then the molecules must stay farther apart, so that the increase in the
rate at which molecules collide with the surface of the container is compensated for by a
corresponding increase in the area of this surface as the gas expands.
The image below shows how adding heat makes molecules move faster and hit the
sides and lid with greater force, thus moving the lid up as the gas expands.
CHARLES’ LAW can be expressed using the mathematical equation as shown below:
TαV
Pressure is directly proportional to volume
V 1/ T 1 = V 2/ T 2
When pressure is constant, this equation is used to
compare different conditions on the same substance
V/T = k
Volume divided by temperature equals the k constant
(k = proportionality constant)
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
An inflated balloon with a volume of 0.75 L at 30°C was placed inside the freezer
where the temperature is -10°C. Find out what will happen to the volume of the balloon if the
pressure remains constant. Support your answer with computation.
In analyzing the problem, it is important that you categorize the initial and final conditions
of the variables:
INITIAL CONDITIONS FINAL CONDITIONS

V1 = 0.75 L V2 = ?
T1 = 30 0C P2 = -10 0C
Convert the temperature to Kelvin. K = °C + 273

K = 30 + 273 = 303K
III. ACTIVITY
A. EXERCISES
1. Match the information below regarding the relationship of temperature and volume
when pressure is kept constant.
TEMPERATURE VOLUME
1. Increases a. decreases
2. Decreases b. increases
3. Doubled c. decreased by half
4. Decreased by half d. doubled
2. Refer to the illustration below in answering the given questions. Write the letter of
your answer on the space provided.
a. Which of the balloons has an

increased in temperature? ____
b. Which of the balloons has
lower temperature? ____
c. Which of the balloons has higher volume? ____
d. AA
Which of the balloons has a lower volume? ____
B
B
3. A tank (not rigid) contains 2.3 L of helium gas at 25°C. What will be the volume of the
tank after heating it and its content to 40°C temperature at constant pressure?
B. ASSESSMENT
Direction: Read and analyze the question below and encircle the correct answer.
1. According to Charles’ law what is the relationship between pressure and volume at
constant temperature?
A. They are equal.
B. They are directly proportional.
C. They are inversely proportional.
D. Their relationship cannot be determined.
2. At constant pressure, what happens to the volume of a gas when temperature is

increased?
A. The volume of the gas decreased.
B. The volume of the gas also increased.
C. The volume of the gas decreased by half.
D. The volume of the gas remains unchanged.
3. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between

volume and temperature at constant pressure?
A. At constant pressure, when temperature increases the volume decreases.
B. At constant pressure, when temperature increases the volume also increases.
C. At constant pressure, when temperature decreases the volume increases.

D. At constant temperature, when pressure increases the volume remains the same.
4. How does the temperature affect the average kinetic energy of gas molecules?
A. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
decreases
B. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
increases
C. as the temperature increases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules
remains the same
D. all of the above
5. Last summer vacation, the Cruz family decided to go to Pagudpod, Ilocos Norte to
have a beach party. On their way to Ilocos, all of them were surprised when the tire
suddenly exploded. What is the probable explanation for the blown out tire during a
long summer drive?
A. High temperature causes a decrease in volume.
B. The amount of the gases inside the tire is increased.
C. The mass of the gases inside the tire increases causing a blown up tire.
D. The volume of gases increases as the temperature increases, causing a blown
up tire
V. REFERENCES
Acosta, Herma D. et al. Science – Grade 10 Learner’s Material. First Edition.
Department of Education. 2015
https://t3.gstatic.com/licensed-image?q=tbn:ANd9GcR-
8KXGttwgv2Fetozj4b4m70HFJn7Is318A0CFoHr_mCWzsj_v76X9_TIXZkMf
https://letstalkscience.ca/educational-resources/backgrounders/charles-law-and-gay-
lussacs-law
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book
%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(CK-12)/14%3A_The_Behavior_of_Gases/
14.04%3A_Charles’s_Law
Brigette Ann R. Enteria/GuruyanNHS

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10

Republic of the Philippines

II. INTRODUCTORY CONCEPT (Background)

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY AND CHARLES’ LAW

INITIAL CONDITIONS FINAL CONDITIONS

Convert the temperature to Kelvin. K = °C + 273

a. Which of the balloons has an

2. At constant pressure, what happens to the volume of a gas when temperature is

3. Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between

C. At constant pressure, when temperature decreases the volume increases.

Brigette Ann R. Enteria/GuruyanNHS

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