Experiment No.

2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

EXPERIMENT No.2

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Analyze the phase relationships of an RLC circuit and its phase
difference, and classify whether the sine wave is in-phase, out-of-phase, leading, lagging or in
unity.

I. CIRCUIT.

20Ω

100 Vrms
E 50 Hz L 95.49mH
0°

Figure 2-1. Part 1 Series RL Circuit.

Part 1. Series RL Circuit.

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2-1, and set the values as
specified in the circuit.

2. Use the two-channel oscilloscope. Connect the terminals of “A”

across resistor R, and terminals “B” across inductor L.

3. Observe the correct polarity of the oscilloscope when tapping the RL

parameters.

4. Since the “A” and “B” terminals have the same color; right-click the
+terminal and proceed to “color segment” and then choose the best
color to differentiate the signals of RL parameters. Since the default
background of the oscilloscope is black; use light colors.

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

5. Set the oscilloscope module on its proper function. Make sure that the
scale for volts per division of channel A and B are of the same.

6. Run the simulator and double-click the oscilloscope (XSC1).

7. Click the “Sing.” button to have steady sinusoidal signals and better
view. Alternately, click “pause” of the simulator.

8. Use T1 and T2 as markers. Click-hold-and-drag the marker T2 (yellow)

and move towards the sine wave of a complete one cycle of the
resistor R. Record the value obtained by T2 in Table 2-1. Take note
that the T1 marker should be in time “0” sec position as shown in the
oscilloscope module.

9. Record the difference between T2 and T1 (T2 – T1) in Table 2-1.

10. Move the marker T2 backward (from-right-to-left) and set to the point
of intersection of the inductor L signal with the x-axis (timebase).
And then, the new (T2 – T1) value should be replaced by (TL – T1) to
differentiate marker T2 from the initial to final shift. Record the value
obtained in Table 2-1.

11. Sketch the signals of RL series circuit in Figure 2-4; determine the
phase difference, and classification of the circuit in Table 2-1.

NOTE: Solving for phase difference.

𝑨 𝑪 𝑪
= ; 𝑫 = 𝑩[ ]
𝑩 𝑫 𝑨

A = T2 – T1
B = 360°
C = TL – T1
D – Phase difference between two signals in degrees.

Part 2. Series RC Circuit.

1. Connect the circuit as shown in Figure 2-2, and set the values as
specified in the circuit.

2. Repeat procedures 2 to 11 of Part 1 for RC series circuit and draw the

sinusoidal signals in Figure 2-5.

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

Part 3. Series LC Circuit.

1. Create the circuit as shown in Figure 2-3, and set the values given in
the circuit.

2. Do the same procedures from 2 to 11 in Part 1 for LC series circuit

and sketch the sine waves in Figure 2-6.

20Ω

100 Vrms
E 50 Hz C 106.10µF
0°

Figure 2-2. Part 2 Series RC Circuit.

R L

30Ω 95.49mH

100 Vrms
E 50 Hz C 106.10µF
0°

Figure 2-3. Part 3 Series LC Circuit with 30Ω resistance.

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

REMARKS:

The Figure 2-3 is intended to analyze LC signal relationship, in which

the combination is inserted with 30Ω resistance to view the sinusoidal waves
between LC parameters. It is not possible to determine the sine waves of
these two parameters (LC) connected in series without the resistance R due to
“charge–discharge” property of LC.

Nature is so perfect that the inductor L in actual practice has an ohmic

value. The inherent resistance in L is capable to dump the energy stored by way
of heat dissipation.

Hence, using the two-channel oscilloscope, the channel “A” is across

with inductor L and channel “B” is tapped over the capacitor C.

II. DATA AND RESULTS.

Table 2-1. Results of bi-Combination of RLC Series Circuit.

T1 T2 T2 – T1 TL – T1 SINUSOIDAL PHASE
CIRCUIT
(ms) (ms) (ms) (ms) WAVES & CLASS

RL

RC

LC

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

IMPORTANT TERMS

Leading – from the word itself “leads” by certain angle (or time) between two sinusoidal
signals with common reference, and the phase difference is +positive. It is also classified as
capacitive circuit due to the amount of capacitive reactance is greater than inductive.

Lagging – it means “lags” by certain angle (or time) between two sinusoidal signals with
common reference, and the phase difference is –negative. It is also classified as inductive
circuit due to the amount of inductive reactance is more than the capacitive.

In-phase – given the two sinusoidal signals with the “same” start-and-end angle (or
time), and the phase difference is zero.

Out-of-Phase – given the two sinusoidal signals with an “opposite” start-and-end angle
(or time), and the phase difference is 180°.

III. SINUSOIDAL SIGNALS.

VOLTS

T
0

Figure 2-4. Sine Waves of an R-L Series Circuit.

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

VOLTS

T
0

Figure 2-5. Sine Waves of an R-C Series Circuit.

VOLTS

T
0

Figure 2-6. Sine Waves of an L-C Combination with 30Ω resistance.

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

IV. OBSERVATION.

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

V. CONCLUSION(S).

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 Experiment No.2: Phase and Phase Difference of RLC Circuit

VI. APPLICATIONS. Discuss the Band-Pass Filters in relation to Experiment No.2.

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