EARTH SCIENCE

I. MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Rocks formed from preexisting rocks exposed to extreme heat and pressure in the Earth’s interior?
a. metamorphic b. igneous c. sedimentary d. plutonic
2. Which of the following rocks are formed by the lithification of sediments?
a. sedimentary rocks c. extrusive igneous rocks
b. metamorphic rocks d. intrusive igneous rocks
3. Arrange the following processes that form a sedimentary rock.
1. a preexisting rock undergoes weathering and erosion
2. a preexisting rock becomes sediments
3. sediments are compacted
4. sediments are cemented
a. 3, 2, 1, 4 b. 1,2,3,4, c. 4,2,3,1 d. 2,4,3,1
4. How can an igneous rock become a metamorphic rock?
a. when it melts and forms magma
b. when it undergoes weathering and erosion
c. when it disintegrates into smaller pieces
d. when it is subjected to high temperature and pressure
5. How can a metamorphic rock transform into an extrusive igneous rock?
a. when it undergoes weathering and erosion
b. when it melts and then cools on the Earth's surface
c. when it melts and then cools inside the Earth's interior
d. when it disintegrates into smaller pieces
6. Which of the following rocks is an example of mafic extrusive igneous rock?
a. basalt b. granite c. syenite d. peridotite
7. Central banks use this mineral as currency reserves. The amount of this mineral stored in banks affects the
inflation rate of the currency of a country.
a. diamond b. gold c. iron d. silver
8. What property of silica enables it to be a component of some electronics?
a. It can create glass which is used for fiber optics.
b. It has oxygen which transmits electricity efficiently.
c. It contains sand used for glass making.
d. It has silicon which is a metalloid.
9. Both diamond and graphite are minerals made of carbon. Why are they different in the hardness?
a. Diamond and graphite have different structures.
b. Diamond and graphite interacted with different rocks.
c. Diamond and graphite have different impurities.
d. Diamond and graphite formed in different geographic locations.
10. Which of the following is not a part of mineral processing?
a. condensation b. comminution c. dewatering d. filtration
11. What are the primary components involved in processing of minerals?
a. comminution, dewatering, crushing, grinding, and analysis
b. sampling, analysis, comminution, filtration, and dewatering
c. sampling and analysis, comminution, concentration, and dewatering
d. dewatering, comminution, analysis, sampling, and surface mining
12. Which of the following is not true about the process of concentration?
a. Optical separation is used in the concentration of minerals with distinct contrasting colors.
b. Electrostatic separation is a method that separates mineral particles based on electric charges.
c. Flotation separation is a method that makes use of sink and float separation of water and
minerals.
d. Magnetic separation is a method that involves different degrees of attraction of minerals to magnets
13. It contains the mineral to be extracted and the rock wastes the mineral is combined with.
a. ore b. tailing c. cyanide d. heavy metal
14. How do heavy metals affect the soil?
a. They cause the soil to be barren.
b. They enhance the nutrients present in the soil.
c. They loosen the soil that allows water to seep through.
d. They thicken the soil making it difficult for plants to grow.
15. Despite the large amount of wastes from mining, why do companies continue to mine?
a. The government generates a lot of money from mining.
b. The value of the minerals mined supersedes the disposal value of the wastes.
 c. There are poor regulations regarding the government of mining companies.
d. The mineral potential of a country goes to waste if they stop mining.
16. How many years do fossil fuels take to form?
a. millions of years b. millenniums c. decades d. centuries
17. What is the first requirement for the remains of a living organism to transform into a fossil fuel?
a. partial to no decomposition b. complete decomposition
c. pressurized by sediments d. subjected to heat
18. A material is observed to still contain obvious traces of plant materials. It also needs to be dried before it can
be used. In what stage of coal formation is the material at?
a. peat b. anthracite c. bituminous d. lignite
19. Another material observed was hard in consistency. It also produced a clear smoke and short flame when it
was combusted. What stage of coal formation is the material at?
a. anthracite b. bituminous c. lignite d. peat
20. If a location has an abundance of coal as a fossil fuel, what can be implied about the location millions of years
ago?
a. habitat of plants near swamps c. habitat of plants in the mountains
b. habitat of animals near the water d. habitat of animals in the mountains
21. An inland location has been found to have deposits of oil and natural gas. What is the probable feature of the
location millions of years ago?
a. part of a lake thriving with freshwater plants
b. part of a mountain with numerous plant remains
c. part of a valley with terrestrial organisms
d. part of an ocean with thriving marine organisms
22. What type of energy can be produced by the heat from inside the Earth?
a. geothermal b. fossil fuel c. hydroelectric d. thermal
23. What steps are undertaken to produce electricity from geothermal energy?
I. directing of steam from the resources to power plants
II. drilling of wells to reach the heat source
III. extraction of steam from geothermal resource
IV. distribution of steam to different homes
a. I only b. I & II c. I, II & III d. I, II, III & IV
24. When can a geothermal resource become unreliable?
a. when there is a temperature drop in the location
b. when an earthquake happens and opens more cracks in the earth
c. when energy is harvested from a hot spring
d. when the geothermal resource release heated water instead of steam
25. What steps are important in generating hydroelectricity from flowing water? (choose all that apply)
a. allowing water to pass through turbines
b. generation of electricity through electromagnets
c. release of electricity through the water
d. water intake from reservoir
26. How do spinning turbines in hydroelectric power plants produce electricity?
a. The turbines move electromagnets that produces current.
b. The turbines power the generators that produce current.
c. The turbines produce current that is transformed to electricity.
d. The turbines transfer the current to power lines to produce electricity.
27. What is the importance of building reservoirs for hydroelectric plants?
a. Water are held in reservoirs.
b. Water can be controlled in reservoirs.
c. Reservoirs provide water for the hydroelectric plants.
d. Reservoirs stop the flow of rivers to provide water for hydroelectric plants.
28. Which of the following is a non–renewable source of energy?
a. fossil fuels b. wind energy c. hydroelectric energy d. geothermal energy
29. How does energy conservation lessen the negative effects of fossil fuel use?
a. It decreases the use of fossil fuels by decreasing the demand for energy.
b. It produces plants that help in reducing the carbon emission of fossil fuels.
c. It creates awareness for people to use energy efficient appliances.
d. It encourages people to shift to clean sources of energy.
30. Which of the following show ways to address effects of fossil fuel use? (choose all that apply)
a. energy conservation and efficiency
b. raising awareness of people about problems caused by fossil fuels
c. using clean sources of energy
 d. increasing production of energy in coal power plants
31. How does people’s awareness address the environmental concerns of energy use?
a. It encourages people to think of ways that will resolve environmental concerns.
b. It helps people acknowledge the importance of energy sources.
c. It helps people use more energy.
d. It makes people choose fossil fuels over renewable sources of energy.
32. Which of the following example shows energy efficiency?
a. using LED lights c. limiting use of air conditions
b. carpooling d. turning off the lights when not in use
33. Which of the following scenarios shows a way to address environmental concern caused by use of energy
resources?
a. Manny uses incandescent bulbs.
b. Amanda invested in a coal mining corporation.
c. Julian uses his own car instead of public transportation.
d. Sabrina spearheaded a program about energy conservation.
34. Saltwater cannot be used as potable water because it has −−−−−−−−−−−−
a. high concentration of salt and minerals c. high density
b. microorganisms that can harm our body d. contaminants such as oil spills and garbage
35. Freshwater is called as such because it −−−−−−−−−−−−
a. contains little to no salt c. is extracted from springs and groundwater
b. has a low temperature d. can be found in rivers and lakes
36. What is the importance of finding groundwater for some populations in the world?
a. The location of the groundwater is more accessible than other freshwater resource.
b. The quality of groundwater is superior than surface water.
c. The pollution on groundwater is less than surface water.
d. It is cheaper to find groundwater than other freshwater resource.
37. Water sources that are used or have the potential to be used are −−−−−−−−−−−−
a. water formations b. water resources c. water products d. water deficiency
38. Aside from providing potable water, rivers can be primarily used for −−−−−−−−−−−−
a. recreation b. aquaculture c. irrigation d. hydroelectric power
39. Refer to the figure. In what location, will it be safest to build a home if there is a factory that disposes its
wastes in the soil?
a. Point A, because the location is before the factory
and direction of the water seepage is opposite it, and it
is likely that the wastes will follow the direction of the
seepage.
b. Point A, because the location is closer to the
groundwater allowing easier access to groundwater.
c. Point B, because the location has a higher elevation,
therefore, the groundwater below cannot be contaminated
at the surface making the water safe.
d. Point B, because the location is after the factory and the direction of the wastes from the factory will
move towards the opposite direction of the seepage because of differences in density.
40. What is the primary contributor to the decline in water quality and availability?
a. climate change c. geological activities
b. biological processes d. human activities
41. What does it mean when a water resource is said to be biologically dead?
a. It does not have adequate oxygen and it cannot support life anymore.
b. It does not have adequate carbon dioxide and it cannot support plant life anymore.
c. It does not have clean water and it cannot support life anymore.
d. It does not have adequate water and it cannot supply water anymore.
42. A barangay in Sitio Manuel has been getting their water supply from a well. One day, the water from the well
tasted salty. Where can Sitio Manuel be located?
a. near an ocean b. near a mountain c. near a river d. near a city
43. ______________of water resources makes water more sustainable by protecting them from wastes and
pollution.
a. preservation b. protection c. conservation d. pollution
44. Which of the following activities should not be done in practicing water conservation?
a. recycling of water sewage
b. use of proper containers in washing clothes, doing the dishes, and brushing your teeth
c. disposal of industrial wastes to nearby rivers
d. recycling and reuse of treated water to reduce demand for a new
45. Which of the following are the two general factors that drive people to conserve water?
I. increase in the demand
II. waste production
III. increase in water supply
IV. water quality
a. I and II b. III and IV c. I, II and III d. I, II, III and IV
46. The movement of significant amount of soil due to external forces is called _____________
a. erosion b. diffusion c. sterilization d. weathering
47. How does improper disposal of chemicals cause soil erosion in the long run?
a. Chemicals erode the soil immediately.
b. Improper disposal of chemicals do not lead to soil erosion.
c. Chemicals cause soil sterilization that leads to soil erosion.
d. Chemicals attract agents of erosion such as water and animals causing erosion after some time.
48. What is the effect of land reclassification to agriculture?
a. Less produce will be harvested because arable lands are converted to industrial lands.
b. More produce will be harvested because industrial land becomes arable land.
c. More produce will be harvested because arable lands are widened.
d. Less produce will be harvested because industrial lands are converted to waste lands.
49. Shaina moved from a valley to a mountain. She wants to continue her livelihood of farming without causing
soil erosion in the mountain. Which soil conservation method can she apply best?
a. contour farming b. crop protection c. crop rotation d. strip farming
50. Russel has 1000 square meters of farming land. He divided his land into different columns and planted
different species of plants in the columns. What soil conservation method is he using?
a. terracing b. contour farming c. crop rotation d. strip farming
51. Why does the soil need conservation and protection?
a. There are only a few amounts of soil on Earth.
b. The soil is the source of most food for humans.
c. The soil is a weak natural resource.
d. The soil is a non-renewable resource.
52. What type of gas waste is generated from car and factory exhausts?
a. carbon monoxide b. nitrogen oxide c. methane d. carbon dioxide
53. Which of the following could be one of the leading causes of the increase in food wastes?
a. unavailability of food
b. surplus of food supplies
c. wasteful habits of households and institutions
d. unreliable palate of some people
54. How can simple charging of gadgets contribute to the generation of gaseous wastes?
a. Charging a gadget has no relation with gaseous wastes.
b. Gadgets produce amounts of gaseous wastes when charged.
c. Network signals use antennas that generate gaseous wastes.
d. Electricity used in charging may come from plants using fossil fuels.
55. Blockage of drainages and waterways by solid wastes result in ______________
a. flooding b. decrease of water supply c. pollution d. soil degradation
56. How can solid wastes contribute to global warming?
a. Decomposing solid wastes generate methane.
b. Decomposing solid wastes produce a foul smell.
c. Solid wastes release more heat in the atmosphere.
d. Solid wastes trap heat in the atmosphere.
57. How do gaseous wastes affect the soil?
a. Gaseous wastes are released in the atmosphere and do not affect the soil.
b. Gaseous wastes combine with rain that produces acid rain that causes acidification of the soil
upon contact.
c. Gaseous wastes produced are absorbed by soil causing sterilization.
d. Gaseous wastes promote the soil fertility when they combine with compounds in the soil such as
nitrogen.
58. The most effective way of regulating the amount waste is ____________________.
a. reducing waste materials c. recycling waste materials
b. reusing waste materials d. refusing waste materials
59. How does incineration affect the amount of wastes?
a. increases liquid wastes, decreases gaseous wastes
b. increases gaseous wastes, decreases liquid wastes
c. increases gaseous wastes, decreases solid wastes
 d. increases solid wastes, decreases gaseous wastes
60. Rica is concerned about generating wastes by the excess packaging of the beef. If they have the same price,
which packs of beef should Rica purchase?
a. The two 3-kg pack of beef because it is more efficiently packed.
b. The 6-kg pack of beef because bulk items have less packaging.
c. Either because both the packs of beef have the same amount of packaging.
d. There is not enough information to determine which pack/s should Rica buy.