Une - en 16258 - 2013

Spanish standard
UNE-EN 16258
June 2013
Methodology for calculation and declaration of energy

consumption and GHG emissions of transport services
(freight and passengers)
@
This standard has been prepared by the Technical

Committee CTN 152 Logistic and transport the
Secretariat of which is held by FUNDACION ICIL.
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Asociación Española
de Normalización
Génova, 6 - 28004 Madrid
915 294 900
[email protected]
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UNE-EN 16258
Methodology for calculation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG
emissions of transport services (freight and passengers)
Metodología para el cálculo y la declaración del consumo de energía y de las emisiones de gases de efecto
invernadero en los servicios de transporte (transporte de mercancías y de pasajeros).
Méthodologie pour le calcul et la déclaration de la consommation d'énergie et des émissions de gaz à

effet de serre (GES) des prestations de transport (fret et passagers)
This standard is the official English version of EN 16258:2012.

This standard was published as UNE-EN 16258:2013, which is the definitive Spanish
version.
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Asociación Española de Normalización, UNE
The remarks to this document must be sent to:
Asociación Española de Normalización

Génova, 6
28004 MADRID-España
Tel.: 915 294 900
[email protected]
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UNE 2020
Reproduction is prohibited without the express consent of UNE.
All intellectual property rights relating to this standard are owned by UNE.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 16258
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM November 2012
ICS 03.220.01
English Version
Methodology for calculation and declaration of energy

consumption and GHG emissions of transport services (freight
and passengers)
Méthodologie pour le calcul et la déclaration de la Methode zur Berechnung und Deklaration des
consommation d'énergie et des émissions de gaz à effet de Energieverbrauchs und der Treibhausgasemissionen bei
serre (GES) des prestations de transport (passagers et fret) Transportdienstleistungen (Güter- und Personenverkehr)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 September 2012.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European
Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national
standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same
status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
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EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 16258:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

EN 16258:2012 (E)
Contents Page
Foreword ..............................................................................................................................................................4
Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................5
1 Scope ......................................................................................................................................................6
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ..................................................................................................6
2.1 General terms .........................................................................................................................................6
2.2 Specific terms ........................................................................................................................................9
3 Units and symbols .............................................................................................................................. 11
3.1 Energy .................................................................................................................................................. 11
3.2 GHG emissions ................................................................................................................................... 11
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4 Quantification boundaries ................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.2 Processes included ............................................................................................................................ 12
4.3 Processes not included ..................................................................................................................... 12
4.4 Greenhouse gases .............................................................................................................................. 13
4.5 Carbon offsetting and emissions trading ........................................................................................ 13
5 Principles of calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions in transport
services ................................................................................................................................................ 13
5.1 General objectives .............................................................................................................................. 13
5.2 Steps of the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions of one transport
service .................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.3 Sub steps for the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions of one leg of
one transport service ......................................................................................................................... 14
5.4 Categories of values used for the calculation ................................................................................. 14
5.4.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 14
5.4.2 Use of default values .......................................................................................................................... 15
6 Principles of identification of the different legs of a transport service ........................................ 15
7 Principles of the calculation at the vehicle operation system (VOS) level ................................... 15
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 15
7.2 Sub step 2.1: Establishing the VOS related to the leg .................................................................... 15
7.3 Sub step 2.2: Quantification of the total fuel consumption for the VOS....................................... 16
7.4 Sub step 2.3: Calculation of total energy consumption and GHG emissions for the VOS ......... 16
8 Principles of allocation to cargo and/or passengers ...................................................................... 17

8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 17
8.2 Basic principles .................................................................................................................................. 18
8.3 Allocation parameters and units ....................................................................................................... 18
8.3.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 18
8.3.2 Allocation for passengers .................................................................................................................. 18
8.3.3 Allocation for freight .......................................................................................................................... 18
8.3.4 Combined transport of passengers and freight .............................................................................. 19
8.4 Data collecting .................................................................................................................................... 20
9 Principles of summing the results for each leg............................................................................... 20
10 Declaration .......................................................................................................................................... 20
10.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 20
10.2 Possibility to make a short declaration ............................................................................................ 21
10.3 Supporting information ...................................................................................................................... 21
10.3.1 General statement............................................................................................................................... 21
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
10.3.2 Transparent description of the method ............................................................................................ 21

Annex A (normative) Energy and GHG emission factors ............................................................................. 23
A.1 Transport fuels .................................................................................................................................... 23
A.1.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 23
A.1.2 Consistency between sources ........................................................................................................... 23
A.1.3 Table of energy and GHG emission factors...................................................................................... 23
A.1.4 Biofuel Blends ..................................................................................................................................... 25
A.1.5 Specified fuels ..................................................................................................................................... 28
A.2 Electricity.............................................................................................................................................. 28
A.2.1 Well-to-wheels energy factors............................................................................................................ 28
A.2.2 Well-to-wheels emission factors ........................................................................................................ 28
A.2.3 Tank-to-wheels energy factor............................................................................................................. 29
A.2.4 Tank-to-wheels emission factor ......................................................................................................... 29
Annex B (normative) Allocation methods for ferries (maritime transport) ................................................. 30
B.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 30
B.2 Mass method ........................................................................................................................................ 30
B.3 Area method ......................................................................................................................................... 31
B.4 Default values ...................................................................................................................................... 31
Annex C (informative) Inclusion of empty trips into a VOS .......................................................................... 32
C.1 General ................................................................................................................................................. 32
C.2 Example for a simple case.................................................................................................................. 32
C.3 Example of a VOS for a distribution or collection round trip. ........................................................ 33
Annex D (informative) Template for declaration of categories of values used .......................................... 34
Annex E (informative) Example for passengers: transport service by bus ................................................ 35
E.1 Description of the example................................................................................................................. 35
E.2 Example with use of specific measured values ............................................................................... 36
E.3 Example with use of transport operator fleet values ....................................................................... 37
E.4 Example with use of default values ................................................................................................... 38
E.5 Example with use of transport operator specific values................................................................. 38
E.6 Overview of the results ....................................................................................................................... 39
Annex F (informative) Examples for freight ................................................................................................... 40
F.1 Transport service of freight transport by train ................................................................................. 40
F.1.1 Description of the example................................................................................................................. 40
F.1.2 Example with use of specific measured values ............................................................................... 41
F.1.3 Example with use of transport operator specific values................................................................. 42
F.1.4 Examples with use of default values ................................................................................................. 43
F.1.5 Overview of the results ....................................................................................................................... 45
F.2 Transport service of freight transport by container ship ................................................................ 45
F.2.1 Description of the example................................................................................................................. 45
F.2.2 Example with use of specific measured values ............................................................................... 46
F.2.3 Example with use of default values ................................................................................................... 47

F.2.4 Overview of the results ....................................................................................................................... 48
Annex G (informative) Example for combined passenger and freight transport: ferry lines .................... 49
G.1 Description of the example................................................................................................................. 49
G.2 Results and comparison of the two allocation methods................................................................. 49
Annex H (informative) Detailed sources used and calculations done for establishment of Table
A.1 ......................................................................................................................................................... 51
Annex I (informative) Example of available sources of default values ....................................................... 65
Bibliography ...................................................................................................................................................... 66
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
Foreword
This document (EN 16258:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 320 “Transport -
Logistics and services”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical
text or by endorsement, at the latest by May 2013, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the
latest by May 2013.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following
countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
Introduction
This standard sets out the methodology and requirements for calculating and reporting energy consumption
and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in transport services. This first edition of the standard is primarily
focused on energy consumption and GHG emissions associated with vehicles (used on land, water and in the
air) during the operational phase of the lifecycle. However, when calculating the energy consumption and
emissions associated with vehicles, account is also taken of the energy consumption and emissions
associated with energy processes for fuels and/or electricity used by vehicles (including for example
production and distribution of transport fuels). This ensures the standard takes a "well-to-wheel" approach
when undertaking calculations, and when making declarations to transport service users.
The philosophy, contents, and structure adopted in this standard seek to make it widely applicable across the
transport sector (encompassing all modes impartially) and accessible to a very diverse user group. Within this
sector, it is recognised that transport operations vary hugely, from multi-national organisations operating
multiple transport modes to deliver transport services across the globe, through to a small local operator
delivering a simple service to one user. In addition, the potential user group for this standard is similarly
diverse, and the monitoring of transport energy and emissions within organisations can be at different levels of
maturity and sophistication. Consequently, this first edition of the standard balances the desire for absolute
precision and scientific rigour with a degree of pragmatism in order to achieve ease of use, accessibility and
encourage widespread use.
Use of this standard will provide a common approach and frameworks for the calculation and declaration of
energy consumption and emissions for transport services irrespective of the level of complexity (e.g. a simple
transport service can provide one customer with a single journey, whereas a complex system can involve
several legs, multiple vehicle types, different transport modes and several companies within the transport
supply chain). The standard ensures declarations have greater consistency and transparency, and that the
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energy and emissions are fully allocated to a vehicle’s load (passengers and/or cargo).
It is anticipated that future editions of the standard will have broader quantification boundaries, to include
additional aspects such as, transport terminals, transhipment activities, and other phases of the lifecycle.
Users of the standard that would now like to use broader quantification boundaries, without waiting for a new
edition of the standard are advised to communicate such results separately from the ones calculated
according to this standard, and to give a transparent description of the methodology applied.

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EN 16258:2012 (E)
1 Scope
This European Standard establishes a common methodology for the calculation and declaration of energy
consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to any transport service (of freight, passengers or
both).
It specifies general principles, definitions, system boundaries, calculation methods, apportionment rules
(allocation) and data recommendations, with the objective to promote standardised, accurate, credible and
verifiable declarations, regarding energy consumption and GHG emissions related to any transport service
quantified. It also includes examples on the application of the principles.
Potential users of this standard are any person or organisation who needs to refer to a standardised
methodology when communicating the results of the quantification of energy consumption and GHG
emissions related to a transport service, especially:
 transport service operators (freight or passengers carriers);
 transport service organisers (carriers subcontracting transport operations, freight forwarders and travel
agencies);
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 transport service users (shippers and passengers).
2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
2.1 General terms
2.1.1
carbon dioxide equivalent
CO2e
unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a GHG to carbon dioxide
Note 1 to entry: The carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated using the mass of a given GHG multiplied by its
global warming potential
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2006]
2.1.2
carbon offsetting
mechanism for compensating for carbon emissions of a process through the prevention of the release of,
reduction in, or removal of, an equivalent amount of GHG emissions outside the boundary of that process,
provided such prevention, removal or reduction are quantified, permanent and additional to a business-as-
usual scenario
[SOURCE: adapted from ISO 14021:2010]
2.1.3
cargo
collection / quantity of goods (carried on a means of transport) transported from one place to another
Note 1 to entry: Cargo can consist of either liquid or solid materials or substances, without any packaging (e.g. bulk
cargo), or of loose items of unpacked goods, packages, unitised goods (on pallets or in containers) or goods loaded on
transport units and carried on active means of transport.
[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005]
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
2.1.4
energy
electricity, fuels, steam, heat, compressed air and other like media
[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2011 modified]
2.1.5
energy carrier
substance or phenomenon that can be used to produce mechanical work or heat or to operate chemical or
physical processes
[SOURCE: ISO 13600:1997]
2.1.6
energy consumption
quantity of energy applied
[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2011]

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2.1.7
energy factor
factor relating activity data to energy consumption
2.1.8
energy use
manner or kind of application of energy
EXAMPLE Vehicle propulsion, cooling, heating.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2011 modified]
2.1.9
freight
goods being transported from one location to another
[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005]
2.1.10
fuel consumption
quantity of energy carrier used by the means of transport
Note 1 to entry: For reasons of simplification, this definition includes all energy carriers, such as electricity.
Note 2 to entry: For rail transport using electric traction, the fuel consumption is the total quantity of energy collected from
the contact line minus any energy returned to the contact line by the vehicle. Energy is returned (to the contact line) when
electric traction has regenerative braking and the energy generated during braking is made available to other consumers
connected to the contact line.
2.1.11
global warming potential
GWP
factor describing the radiative forcing impact of one mass-based unit of a given green house gas relative to an
equivalent unit of carbon dioxide over a period of one hundred years
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2006 modified]

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EN 16258:2012 (E)
2.1.12
greenhouse gas
GHG
gaseous constituent of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic, that absorbs and emits radiation at
specific wavelengths within the spectrum of infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface, the atmosphere,
and clouds
Note 1 to entry: In this standard, GHGs are limited to, carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O),
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). There are the six gases listed in
Annex A of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2006 modified]
2.1.13
greenhouse gas emission factor
GHG emission factor
factor relating activity data to GHG emissions
2.1.14
means of transport
particular vessel, vehicle, or other mobile device used for the transport of passenger and/or freight
[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]
2.1.15
passenger
pax
person carried in a vehicle, without participating in its operation
Note 1 to entry: The term and its abbreviation are also used as a unit for quantity of passengers.
2.1.16
route
path (to be) taken to get from one point to another point
2.1.17
transport
assisted movement of passenger and/or freight
Note 1 to entry: The term “transport” in general is used for movement supported by means.
2.1.18
Twenty-Foot Equivalent Unit
TEU
standard unit (6,10 m) used to express a number of containers of various lengths and for describing the
capacities of container ships or terminals
Note 1 to entry: One standard forty-foot ISO Series container equals 2 TEUs.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
2.1.19
vehicle
any means of transport
Note 1 to entry: Within this standard, this definition includes vessels (watercraft and aircraft like ships, boats, and planes),
for reasons of simplification only.
2.2 Specific terms
2.2.1
default value
external value which is not determined by the transport service operator
Note 1 to entry: Guidelines related to the use of this concept are given in 5.4 of this standard.
2.2.2
empty trip
section of the route of a vehicle during which no cargo or passenger is transported
EXAMPLE Positioning trips are empty trips.
2.2.3
energy process
operational process taking place upstream of the level of the vehicle, needed for all energy carrier used by the
vehicle
2.2.4
fleet
set of vehicles operated by one transport service operator
2.2.5
Great Circle Distance
theoretical shortest distance between any two points on the surface of the planet measured along a path on
the surface of the sphere (as opposed to going through the sphere's interior)
2.2.6
load
quantity or nature of whatever is being carried by a vehicle
2.2.7
leg (of a transport service)
for a transport service of a cargo or a passenger, section of the route taken or to be taken within which the
cargo or the passenger is carried by the vehicle
2.2.8
load factor
ratio of the actual load and the maximum authorised load of one means of transport
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Note 1 to entry: Different dimensions are used for the measurement of the capacity, such as mass and volume.

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EN 16258:2012 (E)
2.2.9
marginal accounting
Method of allocation consisting in differentiation of entities on the basis of non-physical criteria
EXAMPLE For a flight, most of the fuel consumption is allocated to passengers, and belly freight is allocated only of
the extra fuel consumption corresponding to the extra weight of the plane.
2.2.10
process
activity using energy and/or emitting GHG
2.2.11
specific measured value
value measured for a specific aspect of the calculation being performed
2.2.12
shortest feasible distance
distance actually achievable by the shortest route, with the vehicle considered
2.2.13
tank-to-wheels assessment
assessment related to the vehicle processes
2.2.14
transport activity
quantity of passenger, cargo or vehicles movements
EXAMPLE Two thousand passenger kilometres, one thousand five hundred tonne kilometres, one hundred pallets
carried, five hundred vehicle kilometres.
2.2.15
transport operator fleet value
value established by the transport service operator on the basis of measurements of the transport activity of a
fleet that includes the type of vehicle for which the calculation is being performed
2.2.16
transport operator specific value
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value established by the transport service operator on the basis of measurements, specifically for the type of
vehicle or the type of route for which the calculation is being performed
2.2.17
transport service
service provided to a beneficiary for the transport of a cargo or a passenger from a departure point to a
destination point
Note 1 to entry: The beneficiary is named “transport service user”; see definition 2.2.20
2.2.18
transport service organiser
entity that provides transport services which are subcontracted to another entity (transport service operator)
which operates them
Note 1 to entry: A transport service organiser can be a freight forwarder, an entity organising trips/travel (e.g.: travel
agency, tour operator), a local authority responsible of public passenger transport
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
2.2.19
transport service operator
entity that carries out transport services
Note 1 to entry: A transport service operator can be a passenger’s carrier (acting directly for passengers or as sub-
contractor of a transport service organiser), a freight carrier (acting directly for shippers or as sub-contractor of a transport
service organiser).
2.2.20
transport service user
entity that buys and/or uses a transport service
Note 1 to entry: A transport service user can be a passenger, a shipper, or a transport service organiser (for the transport
services sub contracted to transport service operators).
2.2.21
vehicle operation
deployment of a vehicle to fully or partially provide a transport service for one or more transport service users
2.2.22
vehicle operation system
VOS
set of vehicle operations
Note 1 to entry: Guidelines and examples related to the use of this concept are given in Clause 7 and Annexes C, E and F
of this standard
2.2.23
vehicle process
process taking place at the level of a vehicle, corresponding to operation of engines on board
2.2.24
well-to-tank assessment
assessment related to the energy processes
2.2.25
well-to-wheels assessment
assessment related to both vehicle and energy processes
3 Units and symbols
3.1 Energy
Quantities of energy shall be expressed in joule (J) or multiple thereof such as megajoule (MJ) or gigajoule
(GJ).
3.2 GHG emissions
Quantities of GHG emissions shall be expressed in gram (g) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) or multiples
thereof such as kilogram (kg) or tonne (t) of CO2e.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
4 Quantification boundaries
4.1 General
The processes in the following subclauses relate to the transport service being assessed and are not limited
by organisational boundaries.
4.2 Processes included
The assessment of energy consumption and GHG emissions of a transport service shall include both vehicle
operational processes and energy operational processes that occur during the operational phase of the
lifecycle.
The vehicle operational processes shall include operation of all on-board vehicle systems including propulsion
and ancillary services.
EXAMPLES Main engines, ancillary equipment used to maintain the temperature of the cargo space, handling or
transhipment devices on board are on-board vehicle systems which operation is included.
The energy operational processes shall include:
 for fuels: extraction or cultivation of primary energy, refining, transformation, transport and distribution of
energy at all steps of the production of the fuel used;
 for electricity: extraction and transport of primary energy, transformation, power generation, losses in
electricity grids.
NOTE 1 Details of excluded processes and examples are given in 4.3.
NOTE 2 Careful use of European Directives on fuels and electricity such as Directive 2009/30/EC on Fuel Quality and
Directive 2009/72/EC on internal market in electricity can assist in quantifying energy processes in the context of this
standard. However, it has to be pointed out that calculations done in accordance with Directive 2009/72/EC could include
only CO2 and only the upstream processes from power plants to the customer, and so not all operational energy
processes and all gases required by this CEN standard.
4.3 Processes not included
The assessment of energy consumption and GHG emissions of a transport service shall not include, in
particular:

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direct emissions of GHG resulting from leakage (of refrigerant gas or natural gas for example) at the
vehicle level;
 additional impacts of combustion of aviation fuel in high atmosphere, like contrails, cirrus, etc.;
 processes consisting of short-term assistance to the vehicle for security or movement reasons, with other
devices like tugboats for towing vessels in harbours, aircraft tractors for planes in airports, etc;
 processes implemented by external handling or transhipment devices (for freight), or by external

movement devices (for passengers, like elevators and moving walkways), for the movement or
transhipments of freight or the movement of passengers. In express delivery services and other transport
services organised in networks, handling operations that take place inside platforms, and consisting of
loading and unloading of parcels or pallets, belong to this category of processes;
 processes at the administrative (overhead) level of the organisations involved in the transport services.
These processes can be operation of buildings, staff commuting and business trips, computer systems,
etc;
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
 processes for the construction, maintenance, and scrapping of vehicles;
 processes of construction, service, maintenance, and dismantling of transport infrastructures used by

vehicles;
 non operational energy processes, like the production or construction of extraction equipments, of
transport and distribution systems, of refinery systems, of enrichment systems, of power production
plants, etc. so as their reuse, recycle and scrap.
4.4 Greenhouse gases
Calculation of GHG emissions shall include all the following six gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
nitrous oxide (N2O), hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs), per fluorocarbons (PFCs) and sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).
Any other gas shall be excluded.
4.5 Carbon offsetting and emissions trading
Outcomes from carbon offsetting actions or emissions trading (whether or not under the EU ETS) shall not be
taken into account for calculation and declaration of energy consumption and GHG emissions in transport
services.
5 Principles of calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions in transport

services
5.1 General objectives
Calculation shall take into account:
 all vehicles used to perform the transport service, including those operated by subcontractors;
 all fuel consumption from each energy carrier used by each vehicle;
 all loaded and empty trips made by each vehicle.
EXAMPLE For the following vehicles using two different energy carriers, both energy carriers are taken into account
for the calculation: road vehicle using LPG and gasoline, road vehicle using electricity and gasoline (plug in), ship using
HFO (heavy fuel oil) and MDO (marine diesel oil).
Calculation shall produce the four following results:

 well-to-wheels energy consumption (Ew);
 well-to-wheels GHG emissions (Gw);
 tank-to-wheels energy consumption (Et);
 tank-to-wheels GHG emissions (Gt).

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EN 16258:2012 (E)
5.2 Steps of the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions of one transport
service
Calculation for one given transport service shall be implemented through the following three main steps:
 step 1: Identification of the different legs of this transport service (see Clause 6);
 step 2: Calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions of each leg (see corresponding sub steps
in 5.3);
 step 3: Sum of the results for each leg (see Clause 9).
5.3 Sub steps for the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions of one leg of
one transport service
Calculation for one leg of one transport service shall be implemented through the following four main sub
steps:
 sub step 2.1: Establishing the vehicle operation system (VOS) related to this leg;
 sub step 2.2: Quantification of the total fuel consumption for this VOS;
 sub step 2.3: Calculation of total energy consumption and GHG emissions for this VOS;
 sub step 2.4: Allocation to the leg of a share of each of the four results of sub step 2.3.
Sub steps 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 shall be undertaken according to Clause 7.
Sub step 2.4 shall be undertaken according to Clause 8.
5.4 Categories of values used for the calculation
5.4.1 General
Calculations explained further on in this standard require using data related to the operational characteristics
of the transport service and the vehicles used to achieve the legs. These characteristics can be, for example:
 fuel consumption;
 distance;
 fuel consumption per distance;
 load;
 load factor;
 vehicle capacity;
 empty distance.
NOTE Energy and GHG emission factors are not operational characteristics and so are not concerned by this
subclause.
14
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
The values selected for these operational characteristics shall be determined in accordance with this standard
and shall belong to the following categories of values, given by order of preference:
 specific measured values;
 transport operator specific values;
 transport operator fleet values;
 default values.
For the use of default values, 5.4.2 shall be followed.
NOTE 1 A mix of these values categories can be used.
NOTE 2 Examples of calculations with the use of the different categories of values are given in Annexes E, F and G.
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5.4.2 Use of default values
Default values should be taken from a published documentation. The last available version should be used.
Default values should be relevant to the operation for which the calculation is being performed.
6 Principles of identification of the different legs of a transport service

The transport service to be quantified shall be analysed in regards to the different vehicles that carry the cargo
and / or the passenger successively.
Step 1 as described in 5.2 shall be implemented by associating each section of the route using the same
vehicle to a leg of the transport service.
EXAMPLE If a passenger firstly takes a bus, then a metro and finally a second bus, with the same ticket, the
corresponding transport service is composed of three legs.
7 Principles of the calculation at the vehicle operation system (VOS) level
7.1 General
Clause 7 provides principles for the first three sub steps (2.1, 2.2 and 2.3) of the calculation for one leg. These
three sub steps correspond to the calculation at the VOS level.
7.2 Sub step 2.1: Establishing the VOS related to the leg
The calculation of any leg of a transport service shall start with the selection of a VOS related to this leg.
As a minimum requirement, this VOS shall be a consistent set of vehicle operations relevant to the leg being
calculated.
When establishing the VOS, consideration should be given to factors which affect the scale and composition
of the VOS such as:
 number and type of vehicles to be included;
 period of time of activity of these vehicles.

15
EN 16258:2012 (E)
The VOS may be chosen according to the criteria chosen by the user of this standard.
In all cases, the VOS shall include the empty trips related to the vehicle operations.
NOTE Annex C gives examples showing the inclusion of empty trips into a VOS.
EXAMPLE 1 The whole activity of the fleet of a transport operator over one year can be the VOS for all legs performed
by this fleet.
EXAMPLE 2 If the leg is a part of a container ship line, the VOS related to this leg can be the whole ship line.
EXAMPLE 3 If the leg is included in a collection and/or delivery round trip, the VOS related to this leg can be this
collection/delivery round trip.
EXAMPLE 4 If the leg is a trip of a passenger in a public transport bus, the VOS related to this leg can be the whole
bus line from starting point to the ending point. It is also possible to choose the whole bus network.
7.3 Sub step 2.2: Quantification of the total fuel consumption for the VOS
Quantification of the total fuel consumption for the VOS shall be undertaken using the categories of values
listed in 5.4.
In the cases for which the vehicles use different energy carriers, total fuel consumptions shall be quantified
separately for each energy carrier used.
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7.4 Sub step 2.3: Calculation of total energy consumption and GHG emissions for the VOS
Conversion from total fuel consumption for the VOS into quantities of energy consumption and GHG
emissions shall be made using following formulas:
 for well-to-wheels energy consumption of the VOS:
E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w (1)
 for well-to-wheels GHG emissions of the VOS:
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g w (2)
 for tank-to-wheels energy consumption of the VOS:
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t (3)

 for tank-to-wheels GHG emissions of the VOS:
Gt (VOS ) = F(VOS )× gt (4)
where
F(VOS) is the total fuel consumption used for the VOS (examples: F(VOS) equals five thousand
litres of diesel; or F(VOS) equals thirty thousand kilowatt hours);
ew is the well-to-wheels energy factor for the fuel used (example: for diesel, ew = 42,7 MJ/l);
16
EN 16258:2012 (E)
gw is the well-to-wheels GHG emission factor for the fuel used (example: for diesel,
gw = 3,24 kgCO2e/l);
et is the tank-to-wheels energy factor for the fuel used (example: for diesel, et = 35,9 MJ/l);
gt is the tank-to-wheels GHG emission factor for the fuel used (example: for diesel,
gt = 2,67 kgCO2e/l).
Values for energy and GHG emission factors shall be selected in accordance with Annex A.
If the vehicles use different energy carriers within the VOS, the several fuel consumptions quantified in sub
step 2.2 shall be separately converted into energy consumption and GHG emissions, and then added
together.
8 Principles of allocation to cargo and/or passengers
8.1 General
This clause sets out requirements for the fourth sub step (2.4) for the calculation for one leg.
After sub steps 2.1, 2.2 and 2.3 are done, the leg of the transport service shall be allocated a share of
Ew(VOS), Gw(VOS), Et(VOS), Gt(VOS), corresponding to its relative share of the transport activity performed
within the VOS.
Corresponding formulas are:
S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS) (5)
E w (leg) = E w (VOS)× S(leg) (6)
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) (7)
E t (leg) = E t (VOS) × S(leg) (8)
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) (9)

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where
S(leg) is the factor used to calculate the share of the VOS’s energy and emissions which is allocated to
a transport service for the leg. This share is based on relative proportions of transport activity for
the leg and for the associated VOS;
T(leg) is the transport service's transport activity for the leg ;
T(VOS) is the transport activity of the VOS which is related to the leg (see 7.2);
T(leg) and T(VOS) shall have the same allocations parameters and units, and are to be determined according
to 8.3.
NOTE As Clause 8 presents different possibilities of apportionment, Clause 10 specifies that choices made by the
user regarding allocation methods will be declared and justified.

17
EN 16258:2012 (E)
8.2 Basic principles
All energy consumption and GHG emissions of the vehicle operation shall be allocated to the corresponding
cargo and/or passengers carried.
No marginal accounting shall be carried out for any cargo or passenger carried.
The allocation parameters and units used shall remain consistent over time, as appropriate.
Only one allocation method shall be used for all the cargo and/or passengers within the same VOS.
8.3 Allocation parameters and units
8.3.1 General
The allocation parameter shall be the transport activity.
8.3.2 Allocation for passengers
8.3.2.1 General
The transport activity should be quantified by multiplying the quantity of passengers by the distance travelled.
The quantity of passengers should be the number of passengers.
The distance travelled should be the real distance travelled.
If distance is used in aviation, it shall be the Great Circle Distance plus 95 kilometres.
Therefore, the allocation parameter should be the product of the number of passengers by the real distance
travelled.
The corresponding allocation unit is passenger kilometre (pax.km)
8.3.2.2 Other parameters and units
Other allocation parameters may be the transport activity measured with the number of passengers or number
of trips.
8.3.3 Allocation for freight

8.3.3.1 General
The transport activity should be quantified by multiplying the quantity of freight by the distance travelled.
The quantity of freight shall be characterised by the cargo being carried, including any packaging, container,
and means of handling or transport except those that are not part of the shipment.
EXAMPLE 1 For a cargo carried on pallets, the quantity of freight includes the pallets.
EXAMPLE 2 For a cargo carried on a truck that uses a Roll-On Roll-Off maritime transport service, the quantity of
freight corresponds to the truck and its cargo and not just to the cargo inside the truck.
EXAMPLE 3 For a cargo carried on a train in a swap body in combined rail road transport, the quantity of freight
corresponds to the swap body and its cargo.
18
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
EXAMPLE 4 For a cargo carried on pallets on a train, the quantity of freight corresponds to the cargo including the
pallets.
EXAMPLE 5 For a cargo that is bundled by the transport service organiser or transport service operator to allow for
easy handling (e.g. on a pallet or in a container), the quantity of freight does not include the cargo carrier.
The unit for quantity of freight should be the mass.
The distance travelled should be the real distance travelled, except for collection and distribution round trips
(as specified in 8.3.3.3).
If distance is used in aviation, it shall be the Great Circle Distance plus 95 kilometres.
Therefore, the allocation parameter should be the product of the mass by the real distance travelled.
Corresponding allocation unit is tonne kilometre (t.km).
8.3.3.2 Other parameters and units
As the parameter for quantity of freight, mass may be replaced by another unit, especially if it is more relevant
to the vehicle’s capacity limit, like volume, pallet, parcel, Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit (TEU), lane meter, etc.
Other allocation parameters may also be the transport activity expressed in:
 either quantity of freight only, represented by mass or other parameter like volume, etc; corresponding
3
units are tonne, cubic metre (m ), etc.;
 or quantity of distance only, represented by real distance travelled or, for round trips, Great Circle
Distance or shortest feasible distance; corresponding unit is kilometre (km).
8.3.3.3 Collection and distribution round trips
Concerning the distance travelled, one of the two following options should be taken:
 use of the Great Circle Distance;
 use of the shortest feasible distance.
8.3.4 Combined transport of passengers and freight
8.3.4.1 Air transport

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The transport activity shall be quantified by multiplying the mass of passengers and freight by the distance
travelled.
The total mass shall be the sum of:
a) mass of freight;
b) mass of passengers calculated with, by order of preference:

19
EN 16258:2012 (E)
1) first option: the mass for passengers and checked baggage contained in the mass and balance
documentation1) for the flight;
2) second option: a default value of 0,1 tonne for each passenger including their checked baggage.
Distance shall be the Great Circle Distance plus 95 kilometres.
Corresponding allocation unit is tonne kilometre (t.km).
NOTE 1 If the VOS consists of flights between the same origins and destinations, then the allocation parameter
becomes mass only, as distances are the same for all cargo and passengers.
NOTE 2 This specific recommendation conforms to European Commission Decision 2009/339/EC regarding the
inclusion of monitoring and reporting guidelines for emissions and tonne-kilometre data from aviation activities.
8.3.4.2 Maritime transport (ferries)
One of the two allocation methods, detailed in Annex B, shall be used:
 mass allocation method;
 area allocation method.
8.3.4.3 Any other combined transport of passengers and freight
In the case of any other combined transport of passengers and freight not covered by 8.4.4.1 and 8.4.4.2, a
specific method for measurement of the transport activity may be adapted and used. Then a description of this
method and justification for its use shall be given in the declaration.
8.4 Data collecting
Quantities of cargo, passengers and distances used for allocation formulas shall be obtained according to 5.4.
9 Principles of summing the results for each leg

The values of Ew, Gw, Et and Gt for the complete transport service shall be calculated (step 3) by adding
together the corresponding values (calculated according to 8.1 to 8.4) for all legs of the transport service.
NOTE The total results for the transport service can be obtained from a mix of categories of values (specific
measured values; transport operator vehicle-type or route-type specific values; transport operator fleet values; default
values), especially if the transport service is composed of several legs
10 Declaration
10.1 General
Declarations on energy consumption and GHG emissions of a transport service shall include:
a) four results, calculated according to previous clauses, which are:
1) According to European Commission Decision 2009/339/EC, "mass and balance documentation" means the
documentation as specified in international or national implementation of the Standards and Recommended Practices
(SARPs);
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
1) well-to-wheels GHG emissions (Gw) of the transport service;
2) tank-to-wheels GHG emissions (Gt) of the transport service;
3) well-to-wheels energy consumption (Ew) of the transport service;
4) tank-to-wheels energy consumption (Et) of the transport service;
b) supporting information specified in 10.3.
The units and corresponding symbols to be used in the declaration are set out in Clause 3.
For the declaration to the beneficiary, the user of the standard may use any medium which gives the clearest
results and associated basis for calculations, such as pages on web sites.
10.2 Possibility to make a short declaration
A declaration may be made in two separate parts provided that:
a) the first part contains:
1) well-to-wheels GHG emissions (Gw) of the transport service;
2) the following statement: "This is one of the four results calculated according to standard
EN 16258:2012. Please consult [XXXX] to obtain the remaining results and supporting information;"
NOTE In the above text, [XXXX] is replaced by text giving details (e.g. a web address) of where the other three
results and the supporting information can be obtained.
b) the second part contains the three other results and the supporting information, and is available to the
receiver of the declaration during a reasonable period of time.
10.3 Supporting information
10.3.1 General statement

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The following statement shall be communicated:
"These four results have been established according to the standard EN 16258:2012. Please consult this
standard to get further information about processes not taken into account, guidelines and general principles.
If you wish to make comparisons between these results and other results calculated in accordance with this
standard, please take particular care to review the detailed methods used, especially allocation methods and
data sources."
10.3.2 Transparent description of the method
The user of the standard shall make available to the receiver of the results a transparent description of the
method used.
This description shall include:
a) categories of (each) value(s) used for the calculation (cf. 5.4);
b) if an energy or a GHG emission factor different than the one provided in Annex A has been used,
justifications for the factor used;
c) if a default value has been used:

21
EN 16258:2012 (E)
1) the default value used;
2) each corresponding source, identified precisely;
3) justifications for the choice of this source;
4) justifications for the use of default values instead of specific measured or transport operator's values;
d) if electricity is used, justifications for energy and GHG emission factor used for electricity;
e) if a fuel used is a blend of bio fuel and conventional fuel, share of bio fuel included in the blend;
f) the allocation methods applied, including parameters and units selected, with justifications;
g) the list of recommendations of the standard that have not been implemented, with justifications;
NOTE Annex D gives a template for declaration of categories of values used for the calculation.
In addition, the description may include, in particular:
h) a basic description of the transport service (starting point, point of destination, load);
i) an explicit description of the operational implementation of the transport service;
j) the VOS selected for each leg;
k) if transport operator fleet values are used, additional information about system boundaries (e.g. size of
fleet, vehicle classes);
l) information on the ratio between the four results and the transport activity, for example expressed in
kilogramme of CO2e per tonne kilometre, or kilogramme of CO2e per passenger kilometre;
m) any other general information necessary for the understanding of the method.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex A
(normative)
Energy and GHG emission factors
A.1 Transport fuels
A.1.1 General
Any energy and GHG emission factor of transport fuels used for the implementation of this standard shall be,
by order of preference:
a) the value specified by the fuel supplier according to European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC and any
amendments to this directive;
b) the value established on the basis of following Table A.1 and A.1.3, A.1.4 and A.1.5;
c) any other value provided that:
1) the declaration is completed with this value, the corresponding source, and justification for its use;
2) the value selected includes all upstream operational processes according to the objectives of this
standard as required in Clause 4;
3) if biofuels are used, the methodology is consistent with Directive 2009/30/EC and any amendments
to this directive.
A.1.2 Consistency between sources
If a value is taken from one source for a tank-to-wheels energy or GHG emission factor of a transport fuel,
then the corresponding value for the well-to-wheels factor should be obtained either directly from the same
source, or by addition of the value of the well-to-tank factor from another source. This well-to-wheels factor
should not be taken directly from another source.
A.1.3 Table of energy and GHG emission factors
Following table A.1 provides the factors for the main transport fuels.
Sources used and calculations done for the establishment of this table A.1 are detailed in Annex H.
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23
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from Accuris
Provided by Accuris under license with AENOR
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Table A.1 — Transport fuels: density, energy factor and GHG emission factor
Energy factor GHG emission factor

Density (d)
Tank-to-wheels (et) Well-to-wheels (ew) Tank-to-wheels (gt) Well-to-wheels (gw)
Fuel type description kg/l MJ/kg MJ/l MJ/kg MJ/l gCO2e/MJ kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/l gCO2e/MJ kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/l
Gasoline 0,745 43,2 32,2 50,5 37,7 75,2 3,25 2,42 89,4 3,86 2,88
Ethanol 0,794 26,8 21,3 65,7 52,1 0 0 0 58,1 1,56 1,24
Gasoline/Ethanol blend 95/5 0,747 42,4 31,7 51,4 38,4 72,6 3,08 2,30 88,4 3,74 2,80
Diesel 0,832 43,1 35,9 51,3 42,7 74,5 3,21 2,67 90,4 3,90 3,24
Bio-diesel 0,890 36,8 32,8 76,9 68,5 0 0 0 58,8 2,16 1,92
Diesel/bio-diesel blend 95/5 0,835 42,8 35,7 52,7 44,0 71,0 3,04 2,54 88,8 3,80 3,17
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) 0,550 46,0 25,3 51,5 28,3 67,3 3,10 1,70 75,3 3,46 1,90
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) 45,1 50,5 59,4 2,68 68,1 3,07
Aviation Gasoline (AvGas) 0,800 44,3 35,4 51,8 41,5 70,6 3,13 2,50 84,8 3,76 3,01
Jet Gasoline (Jet B) 0,800 44,3 35,4 51,8 41,5 70,6 3,13 2,50 84,8 3,76 3,01
Jet Kerosene (Jet A1 and Jet A) 0,800 44,1 35,3 52,5 42,0 72,1 3,18 2,54 88,0 3,88 3,10
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) 0,970 40,5 39,3 44,1 42,7 77,7 3,15 3,05 84,3 3,41 3,31
Marine Diesel Oil (MDO) 0,900 43,0 38,7 51,2 46,1 75,3 3,24 2,92 91,2 3,92 3,53
Marine Gas Oil (MGO) 0,890 43,0 38,3 51,2 45,5 75,3 3,24 2,88 91,2 3,92 3,49
Not for Resale, 04/15/2024 07:17:26 MDT
Licensee=YPF Location 1/5915794100, User=Fujiwara, Fabian
24
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
A.1.4 Biofuel Blends
Energy and GHG emission factors for biofuel blends shall be calculated using the factors of the fuels blended,
taking into account their relative share in the blend based on fuel volume or fuel energy content.
Following Tables A.2, A.3, A.4 and A.5 give the values for different percentage of biofuel in the blend, on the
basis of the factors given in Table A.1.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
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Table A.2 — Gasoline/Ethanol blend factors, % biofuel (share by volume)
Gasoline/Ethanol blend Density Energy factor GHG emission factor

(d) Tank-to-wheels (et) Well-to-wheels (ew) Tank-to-wheels (gt) Well-to-wheels (gw)
% of ethanol in volume
kg/l MJ/kg MJ/l MJ/kg MJ/l gCO2e/MJ kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/l gCO2e/MJ kgCO2e/kg kgCO2e/l
1 % 0,74549 43,0 32,1 50,8 37,8 74,7 3,21 2,40 89,23 3,84 2,86
2 % 0,74598 42,9 32,0 50,9 38,0 74,2 3,18 2,37 89,03 3,82 2,85
3 % 0,74647 42,7 31,9 51,1 38,1 73,6 3,14 2,35 88,81 3,79 2,83
4 % 0,74696 42,5 31,8 51,2 38,3 73,1 3,11 2,32 88,60 3,77 2,81
5% 0,74745 42,4 31,7 51,4 38,4 72,6 3,08 2,30 88,39 3,74 2,80
6% 0,74794 42,2 31,5 51,6 38,6 72,1 3,04 2,27 88,18 3,72 2,78
7% 0,74843 42,0 31,4 51,7 38,7 71,6 3,01 2,25 87,96 3,69 2,77
8% 0,74892 41,8 31,3 51,9 38,9 71,1 2,97 2,23 87,74 3,67 2,75
9% 0,74941 41,7 31,2 52,0 39,0 70,5 2,94 2,20 87,52 3,65 2,73
10 % 0,74990 41,5 31,1 52,2 39,1 70,0 2,90 2,18 87,30 3,62 2,72
15 % 0,75235 40,6 30,6 53,0 39,9 67,3 2,73 2,06 86,18 3,50 2,63
20 % 0,75480 39,8 30,0 53,8 40,6 64,5 2,56 1,94 85,01 3,38 2,55
30 % 0,75970 38,1 28,9 55,3 42,0 58,6 2,23 1,69 82,54 3,14 2,39
Table A.3 — Gasoline/Ethanol blend factors, % biofuel (share by energy)
Gasoline/Ethanol blend Energy factor GHG emission factor

Density (d)

% of ethanol in energy
1% 0,74579 42,9 32,0 50,7 37,8 74,5 3,20 2,38 89,04 3,82 2,85
2% 0,74656 42,7 31,9 51,0 38,1 73,7 3,15 2,35 88,73 3,79 2,83
3% 0,74733 42,4 31,7 51,2 38,3 73,0 3,10 2,31 88,42 3,75 2,80
4% 0,74808 42,2 31,5 51,5 38,5 72,2 3,05 2,28 88,11 3,72 2,78
5% 0,74883 41,9 31,4 51,7 38,7 71,5 3,00 2,24 87,79 3,68 2,76
6% 0,74957 41,7 31,2 51,9 38,9 70,7 2,95 2,21 87,48 3,65 2,73
7% 0,75030 41,4 31,1 52,1 39,1 70,0 2,90 2,17 87,17 3,61 2,71
8% 0,75102 41,2 30,9 52,4 39,3 69,2 2,85 2,14 86,86 3,58 2,69
9% 0,75174 40,9 30,8 52,6 39,5 68,5 2,80 2,11 86,55 3,54 2,66
10 % 0,75244 40,7 30,6 52,8 39,7 67,7 2,76 2,07 86,24 3,51 2,64
15 % 0,75585 39,6 29,9 53,9 40,7 63,9 2,53 1,91 84,68 3,35 2,53
20 % 0,75907 38,5 29,2 54,9 41,6 60,2 2,32 1,76 83,12 3,20 2,43
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
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Table A.4 — Diesel/bio-diesel blend factors, % biofuel (share by volume)
Diesel/Bio-diesel blend Energy factor GHG emission factor

Density (d)
% of bio-diesel in volume
1% 0,83258 43,1 35,9 51,6 43,0 73,7 3,17 2,64 89,96 3,88 3,23
2% 0,83316 43,0 35,8 51,9 43,2 73,0 3,14 2,62 89,67 3,86 3,21
3% 0,83374 42,9 35,8 52,1 43,5 72,3 3,11 2,59 89,38 3,84 3,20
4% 0,83432 42,9 35,8 52,4 43,7 71,6 3,07 2,56 89,09 3,82 3,19
5% 0,83490 42,8 35,7 52,7 44,0 71,0 3,04 2,54 88,80 3,80 3,17
6% 0,83548 42,7 35,7 53,0 44,2 70,3 3,00 2,51 88,50 3,78 3,16
7% 0,83606 42,7 35,7 53,2 44,5 69,6 2,97 2,48 88,21 3,76 3,15
8% 0,83664 42,6 35,7 53,5 44,8 68,9 2,94 2,46 87,92 3,75 3,13
9% 0,83722 42,5 35,6 53,8 45,0 68,2 2,90 2,43 87,62 3,73 3,12
10 % 0,83780 42,5 35,6 54,0 45,3 67,5 2,87 2,40 87,33 3,71 3,11
15 % 0,84070 42,1 35,4 55,4 46,6 64,0 2,70 2,27 85,85 3,62 3,04
20 % 0,84360 41,8 35,3 56,7 47,9 60,5 2,53 2,14 84,35 3,53 2,98
50 % 0,86100 39,9 34,4 64,6 55,6 38,9 1,55 1,34 75,11 3,00 2,58
85 % 0,88130 37,7 33,3 73,3 64,6 12,0 0,45 0,40 63,67 2,40 2,12
Table A.5 — Diesel/bio-diesel blend factors, % biofuel (share by energy)

Diesel/Bio-diesel blend Density Energy factor GHG emission factor

(d) Tank-to-wheels (et) Well-to-wheels (ew) Tank-to-wheels (gt) Well-to-wheels (gw)
% of bio-diesel in energy
1% 0,83268 43,0 35,8 51,6 43,0 73,8 3,17 2,64 90,09 3,88 3,23
2% 0,83335 43,0 35,8 51,9 43,2 73,0 3,14 2,61 89,78 3,86 3,21
3% 0,83403 42,9 35,8 52,2 43,5 72,3 3,10 2,58 89,46 3,84 3,20
4% 0,83470 42,8 35,7 52,5 43,8 71,5 3,06 2,56 89,14 3,82 3,19
5% 0,83537 42,7 35,7 52,8 44,1 70,8 3,02 2,53 88,83 3,80 3,17
6% 0,83603 42,7 35,7 53,1 44,4 70,0 2,99 2,50 88,51 3,78 3,16
7% 0,83670 42,6 35,6 53,4 44,7 69,3 2,95 2,47 88,19 3,76 3,14
8% 0,83736 42,5 35,6 53,7 44,9 68,5 2,91 2,44 87,88 3,74 3,13
9% 0,83802 42,4 35,6 53,9 45,2 67,8 2,88 2,41 87,56 3,72 3,11
10 % 0,83868 42,4 35,5 54,2 45,5 67,1 2,84 2,38 87,25 3,70 3,10
15 % 0,84193 42,0 35,4 55,7 46,9 63,3 2,66 2,24 85,66 3,60 3,03
20 % 0,84514 41,7 35,2 57,1 48,3 59,6 2,48 2,10 84,08 3,50 2,96
27
EN 16258:2012 (E)
A.1.5 Specified fuels
The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use of specified biofuels and bioliquids shall be calculated in
accordance with Article 19(1) of Directive 2009/28/EC.
A.2 Electricity
A.2.1 Well-to-wheels energy factors
A well-to-wheels energy factor (ew) used for the implementation of this standard for electricity shall be one of
the following data, provided that data selected include all upstream operational processes according to the
objectives of this standard as required in Clause 4, or are corrected in order to take into account contribution
of missing processes and gases. This list is given by order of preference:
 value specified by the electricity supplier for the production-certified electricity bought;
 value for the electricity bought, specified by the electricity supplier for its production in the relevant
electricity grid within which the transport operation is performed;
 as a last resort, average value for electricity supplied to consumers in the relevant electricity grid within
which the transport operation is performed.
In order to avoid double counting, production certified electricity sold should be excluded in remaining average
mix of electricity sold by the electricity supplier.
The relevant electricity grid can be either the national grid, or one of several unconnected grids within the
country, or the grid shared by several countries. The identification of the relevant electricity grids (over Europe
at least) should be specified by the relevant entity.
A.2.2 Well-to-wheels emission factors
A well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) used for the implementation of this standard for electricity shall be one of
the following data, provided that data selected include all upstream operational processes according to the
objectives of this standard as required in Clause 4, or are corrected in order to take into account contribution
of missing processes and gases. This list is given by order of preference:
 value specified by the electricity supplier for the production-certified electricity bought;
 value for the electricity bought, specified by the electricity supplier for its production in the relevant
electricity grid within which the transport operation is performed;
 as a last resort, average value for electricity supplied to consumers in the relevant electricity grid within
which the transport operation is performed.
In order to avoid double counting, production certified electricity sold should be excluded in remaining average
mix of electricity sold by the electricity supplier.
The relevant electricity grid can be either the national grid, or one of several unconnected grids within the
country, or the grid shared by several countries. The identification of the relevant electricity grids (over Europe
at least) should be specified by the relevant entity.
Directive 2009/72/EC mentions that Member States shall ensure that electricity suppliers specify in or with the
bills and in promotional materials made available to final customers: (a) the contribution of each energy source
to the overall fuel mix of the supplier over the preceding year in a comprehensible and, at a national level,
clearly comparable manner; (b) at least the reference to existing reference sources, such as web pages,
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28
EN 16258:2012 (E)
where information on the environmental impact, in terms of at least CO2 emissions and the radioactive waste
resulting from the electricity produced by the overall fuel mix of the supplier over the preceding year is publicly
available; (c) information concerning their rights as regards the means of dispute settlement available to them
in the event of a dispute.
Careful use should be made of values specified by suppliers that may not correspond to the GHGs and
boundaries of upstream processes required by of this CEN standard. For example, calculations done in
accordance with Directive 2009/72/EC could include only CO2 and only the upstream processes from power
plants to the customer.
A.2.3 Tank-to-wheels energy factor
The tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) for electricity equals to 3,6 MJ/kWh.
A.2.4 Tank-to-wheels emission factor
The tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) for electricity equals to zero.
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29
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex B
(normative)
Allocation methods for ferries (maritime transport)
B.1 General
Transport services carried out by combined passenger and cargo ferries fulfils in principle two separate
transport needs served by one vessel. The total energy consumption and GHG emissions from combined ferry
transport operations needs to be allocated between the passenger and freight beneficiaries. As ferry line
operations are based on different dominating main business models i.e. passenger transport or freight
transport, this has a major influence on ship design i.e. the general ship performance. Allocation principles
have a huge impact on the results of the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions for freight
and passengers.
In order to present performance data that are reasonably fair for different ferry lines system, two separate
allocation methods may be used.
The allocation method used shall be the mass method (B.2) or the area method (B.3) and shall remain
consistent over time and per line. Allocation method may be changed for one given ship if it is converted to
another type of ship, or if it is put into another line.
These allocation methods are only valid for combined passenger and cargo vessels.
Unaccompanied vehicles are considered as cargo in both allocation methods.
B.2 Mass method

The mass method is based on operational transport statistics on total cargo gross mass (vehicles + cargo)
and total passenger mass (passenger, luggage and accompanied vehicles).
Included transported entities shall be clearly specified per ship/fleet or route(s).

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Calculation of the mass shall be based on:
 number of passengers;
 number of accompanied cars;
 number of accompanied caravans/mobile homes etc;
 number of accompanied buses;
 total mass of cargo being carried, including any packaging, container, and means of handling or means of
transport like trailers and vehicles.
30
EN 16258:2012 (E)
B.3 Area method

The area method is based on 100 % accessible area capacity according to valid general arrangement plan
(GA-plan).
Included areas are:
 accessible vehicle decks area, including hanging decks (if available and operational);
 accessible passenger decks area.
Areas not in use for passenger and cargo, such as bridge, engine area, crew area, galley and other service
areas, are excluded.
Whole passenger deck area shall be allocated to passengers. Vehicle deck area shall be allocated according
to the ratio between passenger vehicles and freight vehicles including their cargo. This ratio shall be based on
their real or default mass or length.
B.4 Default values

Default values for mass, length, and width presented in Table B.1 may be used for both methods.
Mass of vehicles in Table B.1 does not include mass of the transported passengers and/or cargo.
For freight, mass of the cargo shall be added to the values in Table B.1, when using mass for allocation.
NOTE These values are based on statistics from ferry lines.
Table B.1 — Default values for mass and lengths
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Mass (kg) Length (m) Width (m)
Passenger and luggage 100 not applicable not applicable
Passenger car 1 500 6 3,1
Bus 15 000 12 3,1
Caravan (small) 1 000 3 3,1
Caravan (medium) 2 000 6 3,1
Caravan (large) 2 500 10 3,1
Mobile home 3 500 8 3,1

Motorcycle 200 1,5 3,1
Unaccompanied trailer 8 000 14 3,1
Accompanied / articulated trailer 16 000 17 3,1
(Semi / mega trailer plus tractor unit)
Road Train Continent 18 500 19 3,1
Road Train Scandinavia 20 000 24,5 3,1

31
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex C
(informative)
Inclusion of empty trips into a VOS
C.1 General
This Annex gives two examples on how to include empty trips into a VOS.
Reminder: as specified in 7.2, the VOS shall be is a consistent set of vehicle operations relevant to the leg
being calculated; and the VOS shall include the empty trips related to the vehicle operations.
C.2 Example for a simple case

We consider a leg of a transport service consisting in carrying a cargo from a point A to a point B, performed
by a vehicle V that is loaded only with this single cargo from A to B, and then returns empty to A.
Figure C.1 — Example of a simple case of empty trip
The VOS in this example consists of the vehicle operation from A to A via B in order to include the empty trip
(cf. 7.2).
The same applies if the empty trip is done first (from A to B), before the loaded trip.
As a consequence, the total fuel consumption of the VOS will include the consumption for the empty trip, and
finally, the quantification of energy consumption and GHG emissions for this leg will correspond to the one of
the whole round trip.
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32
EN 16258:2012 (E)
C.3 Example of a VOS for a distribution or collection round trip.

We consider a leg of a transport service TS consisting in carrying a cargo from a point A to a point E,
performed by a vehicle V that achieves a collection and distribution round trip starting in A and going through
B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I and back to A. V runs empty from E to F, and from I to A; for the rest of the trip, V is
loaded with various cargo loaded during the different stops (excepted E and I).
Figure C.2 — Example of a distribution and collection round trip
The VOS related to the leg [AE] of transport service TS should be the operation of V on the whole round trip
(from A to A via E). Therefore, the VOS includes the two empty trips achieved during the round trip.
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33
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex D
(informative)
Template for declaration of categories of values used
Table D.1 gives a template for declaration of categories of values used for the calculation of one transport
service.
This template can be used for communicating the part of the supporting information requested in 10.3
concerning the categories of values used for the calculation.
The cells are meant to be filled in with crosses or – provided that multiple namings were necessary – to
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contain proportional distribution of the used values on the respective category.
Table D.1 — Template for declaration of categories of values used
Transport Transport
Categories of values used per leg Specific
Default value operator fleet operator specific
of the transport service measured value
value value
Leg 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
Fuel consumption
Distance
Fuel consumption per distance
Load
Load factor
Vehicle capacity
Empty trip
Other
34
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex E
(informative)
Example for passengers: transport service by bus
E.1 Description of the example

We consider one transport service, named "TS", of one passenger who uses a portion of a bus line. As
represented in Figure E.1, this bus line starts at stop S0 and ends at stop S10, and the passenger gets into the
bus at stop S2 and gets off the bus at stop S5.
Figure E.1 — Example of transport service by bus

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35
EN 16258:2012 (E)
E.2 Example with use of specific measured values

Table E.1 presents assumptions, calculations and results related to this example.
This example is theoretical but it shows how a calculation specific to the transport of one passenger could be
done. It gives also a basis for comparison with the outcomes of the other categories of values (cf. the following
subclauses).
Table E.1 — Assumptions, calculations and results
ASSUMPTIONS The fuel consumption of the bus between S0 and S10 is measured and equals two
litres of pure diesel.
Energy and GHG emission factors for pure diesel are taken from Table A.1 (Annex A).
Transport activity of the bus between S0 to S10 is 50,0 pax.km (cf. Figure E.1).
Transport activity of the passenger between S2 to S5 is 1,3 pax.km (cf. Figure E.1).
STEP 1 This transport service is composed of only one leg that is the route taken by the
passenger from S2 to S5.
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the whole line from S0 to S10 for the bus that carries the
passenger.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 2,0 l
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 2,0 × 42,7 = 85,4 MJ
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g w = 2,0 × 3,24 = 6,48 kgCO 2 e
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 2,0 × 35,9 = 71,8 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 2,0 × 2,67 = 5,34 kgCO 2 e
STEP 2.4 S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = 1,3 ÷ 50,0 = 2,6 × 10 -2
E w (leg) = E w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 85,4 × 2,6 × 10 -2 = 2,220 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 6,48 × 2,6 × 10 -2 = 0,168 kgCO 2 e
E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 71,8 × 2,6 × 10 -2 = 1,867 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 5,34 × 2,6 × 10 -2 = 0,139 kgCO 2 e

STEP 3 E w (TS ) = E w (leg) = 2,220 MJ
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 0,168 kgCO 2 e
E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 1,867 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 0,139 kgCO 2 e
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
E.3 Example with use of transport operator fleet values

Table E.2 presents assumptions, calculations and results for this example.
ASSUMPTIONS The fuel consumption of the whole fleet (i.e. all the buses operating this public network)
is measured and equals 490 560 litres of pure diesel during the previous year.
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Transport activity for the whole fleet was 10 512 000 pax.km during the previous year.
The average distance travelled by a passenger was 2,5 km per trip during the previous
year, established through a survey over this public network.
STEP 1 This transport service is composed of only one leg that is the route of 2,5 km taken by
the passenger on this public network.
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the set of buses operations on the whole network of public transport,
over one year.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 490 560 l
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × ew = 490 560 × 42,7 = 20 946 912 MJ
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g w = 490 560 × 3,24 = 1 589 414 kgCO 2 e
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 490 560 × 35,9 = 17 611 104 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 490 560 × 2,67 = 1 309 795 kgCO 2 e
STEP 2.4 S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = 2,5 ÷ 10 512 000 = 2,378 × 10 -7
E w (leg) = E w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 20 946 912 × 2,378 × 10 -7 = 4,981 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 1 589 414 × 2,378 × 10 -7 = 0,378 kgCO 2 e
E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 17 611 104 × 2,378 × 10 -7 = 4,188 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 1 309 795 × 2,378 × 10 -7 = 0,311 kgCO 2 e
STEP 3 E w (TS ) = E w (leg) = 4,981 MJ
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 0,378 kgCO 2 e

E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 4,188 MJ
G t (TS ) = Gt (leg) = 0,311 kgCO 2 e

37
EN 16258:2012 (E)
E.4 Example with use of default values

Table E.3 presents assumptions, calculations and results for this example.
ASSUMPTIONS A modelling tool gives the average consumption of a similar bus in similar conditions as
being forty five litres of pure diesel per one hundred kilometres.
A national statistic on public transport gives an average load of 11 passengers per bus
in similar buses and conditions.
A national statistic on public transport gives an average distance of 3,1 km in similar
public networks.
STEP 1 This transport service is composed of only one leg that is the average route of 3,1 km
taken by the passenger.
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the operation of the bus on this average route of 3,1 km.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 45 ÷ 100 × 3,1 = 1,395 l
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 1,395 × 42,7 = 59,57 MJ
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS) ×g w = 1,395 × 3,24 = 4,52 kgCO 2 e
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 1,395 × 35,9 = 50,08 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 1,395 × 2,67 = 3,72 kgCO 2 e
STEP 2.4 S(leg) = T (leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = (1 × 3,1) ÷ (11 × 3,1) = 9 ,091 × 10 -2
E w (leg) = E w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 59,57 × 9,091 × 10 -2 = 5, 415 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 4,52 × 9,091 × 10 −2 = 0, 411 kgCO 2 e
E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 50,08 × 9,091 × 10 −2 = 4,553 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 3,72 × 9,091 × 10 −2 = 0,339 kgCO 2 e
STEP 3 E w (TS ) = E w (leg) = 5, 415 MJ
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 0,411 kgCO 2 e

E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 4,553 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 0,339 kgCO 2 e
E.5 Example with use of transport operator specific values

This example is not developed. The VOS chosen could have been the set of buses operation on this bus line,
on both directions, over one year.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
E.6 Overview of the results

Table E.4 gives an overview of the results for the transport service considered in this example.
This illustrates the potential significant differences linked to the categories of values used.
Table E.4 — Results of example for transport service by bus
Transport
Specific Transport operator
operator fleet Default values
measured values specific values
values
Ew 2,220 MJ Not developed 4,981 MJ 5,415 MJ
Gw 0,168 kgCO2e Not developed 0,378 kgCO2e 0,411 kgCO2e
Et 1,867 MJ Not developed 4,188 MJ 4,553 MJ
Gt 0,139 kgCO2e Not developed 0,311 kgCO2e 0,339 kgCO2e
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39
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex F
(informative)
Examples for freight
F.1 Transport service of freight transport by train
F.1.1 Description of the example
Figure F.1 — Example of freight transport service by train
We consider one transport service, named "TS", of a whole load 2 394 t of gravel that is transported from
starting point S0 to final destination S1 by train. The gravel is completely unloaded in S1. The empty train
drives back to S0. The energy carrier (diesel or electric) is specified differently according to the following
cases.
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.1.2 Example with use of specific measured values
Table F.1 presents assumptions, calculations and results related to this example.
Table F.1 — Assumptions, calculations and results
ASSUMPTIONS This is a diesel train, and the fuel consumption of the complete round trip of the train
from S0 via S1 to S0 is 6 025 litres of pure diesel (not blended with bio fuel).
STEP 1 This transport service is composed of only one leg that starts in S0 and ended in S1.
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the whole round trip from S0 to S0 via S1, including therefore the
empty trip from S1 to S0.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 6 025
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 6 025 × 42,7 = 257 268 MJ
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS) × g w = 6 025 × 3,24 = 19 521 kgCO 2 e
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 6 025 × 35,9 = 216 298 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 6 025 × 2,67 = 16 087 kgCO 2 e
STEP 2.4 The transport activity of the leg represents the whole transport activity of the VOS.
S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = 1
E w (leg) = E w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 257 268 × 1 = 257 268 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 19 521× 1 = 19 521 kgCO 2 e
E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 216 298 × 1 = 216 298 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 16 087 × 1 = 16 087 kgCO 2 e
STEP 3 E w (TS ) = E w (leg) = 257 268 MJ
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 19 521 kgCO 2 e
E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 216 298 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 16 087 kgCO 2 e

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41
EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.1.3 Example with use of transport operator specific values
ASSUMPTIONS This is a diesel train, and the fuel consumption of the all trains operating on this route
(round trip) over the previous year is measured and equals 127 223 litres of pure
diesel.
The transport activity for all these trains over the previous year, expressed in tonne
kilometre, is measured and equals 25 239 323 t.km.
Real distance from S0 to S1 is 518 km.
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is all trips of trains which transported gravel between S0 and S1,
including the empty runs between S1 and S0, over the previous year.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 127 233 l
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 127 233 × 42,7 = 5 432 849 MJ
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g w = 127 233 × 3,24 = 412 235 kgCO 2 e
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 127 233 × 35,9 = 4 567 665 MJ
STEP 2.4 S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = (2 394 × 518 ) ÷ 25 239 323 = 4 913 × 10 −2
E w (leg) = E w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 5 432 849 × 4,913 × 10 -2 = 26 6916 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 412 235 × 4,913 × 10 −2 = 20 253 kgCO 2 e
E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 4 567 665 × 4,913 × 10 −2 = 224 409 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 339 712 × 4,913 × 10 −2 = 16 690 kgCO 2 e
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 20 253 kgCO 2 e

E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 224 409 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 16 690 kgCO 2 e
42
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EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.1.4 Examples with use of default values
F.1.4.1 First example : case of a diesel train
ASSUMPTIONS This is a diesel train. The fuel consumption of the train, with a payload of 2 394 t, is
708 l of diesel per 100 km. The fuel consumption of the empty train is 431 l of pure
diesel per 100 km (mass of the wagons is 886 t). These values are taken from a
default value source.
Length of the line between So and S1 is 518 km (taken from a default value source).
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the full-loaded trip from S0 to S1 (2 394 t of gravel) and the empty
trip from S1 to S0.
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STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 708 ÷ 100 × 518 + 431 ÷ 100 × 518 = 5 900 I
STEP 2.3 E w (SOV ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 5 900 × 42,7 = 251 930 MJ
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 5 900 × 35,9 = 211 810 MJ
E w (segment ) = E w (PT ) × S(leg) = 251 930 MJ × 1 = 251 930 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 19 116 × 1 = 19 116 kgCO 2 e
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 1 5 753 × 1 = 15 753 kgCO 2 e

G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 19 116 kgCO 2 e
E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 211 810 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 15 753 kgCO 2 e

43
EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.1.4.2 Second example : case of an electric train
ASSUMPTIONS The transport is operated by an electric train, and is located in Germany. The average
electricity consumption of a train with a payload of 2 394 t is 26,3 kWh/km. The
electricity consumption of the empty train is 16,4 kWh/km (mass of the wagons: 886 t).
Energy efficiency of the electricity supply for railway transport is 32 % in Germany.
The well-to-wheels emission factor of the electricity supply for railway transport is
574 gCO2e/kWh. These values are taken from a default value source.
Length of the line between So and S1 is 518 km (taken from a default value source).
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the full-loaded trip from S0 to S1 and the empty trip from S1 to S0.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 26,3 × 518 + 16,4 × 518 = 22 119 kWh
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 22 119 × (3,6 ÷ 32%) = 248 838 MJ
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 22 119 × 3,6 = 79 628 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 22 119 × 0 = 0 kgCO 2 e
E w (leg) = E w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 248 838 × 1 = 248 838 MJ
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 12 696 × 1 = 12 696 kgCO 2 e
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 0 × 1 = 0 kgCO 2 e
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 12 696 kgCO 2 e
E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 79 628 MJ

G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 0 kgCO 2 e
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44
EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.1.5 Overview of the results
Table F.5 gives an overview of the results for the transport service considered in this example.
Table F.5 — Results of example for freight transport service by train
Transport Transport
Specific Default value: Default value:
operator specific operator fleet
measured values diesel train electric train
values values
Ew 257 268 MJ 266 916 MJ Not considered 251 930 MJ 248 838 MJ
Gw 19 521 kgCO2e 20 253 kgCO2e Not considered 19 116 kgCO2e 12 696 kgCO2e
Et 216 298 MJ 224 409 MJ Not considered 211 811 MJ 79 628 MJ
Gt 16 087 kgCO2e 16 690 kgCO2e Not considered 15 753 kgCO2e 0 kgCO2e
These results correspond to the transport service described in F.2.1, so to a cargo of 2394 t. In addition to the
declaration to be made according to Clause 10 of this standard, it might be useful to communicate a result per
tonne. For this purpose, the results of Table F.5 should be simply divided per 2394 t.
F.2 Transport service of freight transport by container ship
F.2.1 Description of the example

Figure F.2 — Example of freight transport by container ship
This example shows the calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions of the transport of 1,5 t of
clothes from the harbour in Keelung (S2) to the harbour in Le Havre (S3) by a container ship.
45
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.2.2 Example with use of specific measured values
ASSUMPTIONS The fuel consumption of the container ship line from Kobe (S0) via Yokohama (S1), Keelung
(S2), Le Havre (S3), Felixstowe (S4) and Tangier (S5) to Kobe (S6) is 10 940 t of Heavy Fuel Oil
(HFO).
The number of containers and distances between each port are measured for this container
ship line; results are given below:
From To Load (TEU) Distance (km) Transport
activity (TEU.km)
Kobe (S0) Yokohama (S1) 2 500 644 1 610 407
Yokohama (S1) Keelung (S2) 4 800 2 140 10 273 355
Keelung (S2) Le Havre (S3) 7 900 18 641 147 264 269
Le Havre (S3) Felixstowe (S4) 4 800 314 1 505 187
Felixstowe (S4) Tangier (S5) 2 900 2 418 7 012 116
Tangier (S5) Kobe (S6) 4 200 18 216 76 507 253
Total 27 100 42 373 244 172 588
The 1,5 t of clothes are loaded in a twenty-foot container which total load is 10,5 t.
Energy and GHG emission factors for HFO are taken from Table A.1 (Annex A).
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the container ship line which goes from the harbour of Kobe (S0) via the
harbours of Yokohama (S1), Keelung (S2), Le Havre (S3), Felixstowe (S4) and Tangier (S5) back
to the harbour of Kobe (S6).
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 10 940 000 kg
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 10 940 000 × 44,1 = 482 454 000 MJ
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g w = 10 940 000 × 3,41 = 37 305 400 kgCO 2 e
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 10 940 000 × 40,5 = 443 070 000 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 10 940 000 × 3,15 = 34 461 000 kgCO 2 e
STEP 2.4 The transport activity is expressed in TEU.km.
S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = [(1,5 ÷ 10,5 ) × 18 641] ÷ 244 172 588 = 1,09062 × 10 -5
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 37 305 400 × 1,09062 × 10 -5 = 407 kgCO 2 e

E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 443 070 000 × 1,09062 × 10 -5 = 4 832 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 34 461 000 × 1,09062 × 10 -5 = 376 kgCO 2 e

G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 407 kgCO 2 e
E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 4 832 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 376 kgCO 2 e
46
EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.2.3 Example with use of default values
ASSUMPTIONS The fuel consumption of a container ship between Asia and Europe is 217 kg of Heavy Fuel Oil
(HFO) per kilometre (taken from a default value source).
The distance from S2 to S3 is 18 432 km (taken from a default value source).
The average maximum load of the container ship is 6 580 TEU and the average load factor is
70 % (average value over the whole container ship line). Data taken from default value sources.
Energy and GHG emission factors for HFO are taken from Table A.1 (Annex A).
STEP 2.1 The VOS chosen is the operation of the container ship between S2 and S3. Such a limitation to
this restricted section of the ship line is consistent with this standard only if the average load
factor of the whole container ship line is considered in sub step 2.4 (for allocation). It would have
been preferable to consider, as in Figure F.2, the whole line from S0 and S6.
STEP 2.2 F(VOS ) = 217 × 18 432 = 3 999 744 kg
STEP 2.3 E w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e w = 3 999 744 × 44,1 = 176 388 710 MJ
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
G w (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g w = 3 999 744 × 3,41 = 13 639 127 kgCO 2 e
E t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × e t = 3 999 744 × 40,5 = 161 989 632 MJ
G t (VOS ) = F(VOS ) × g t = 3 999 744 × 3,15 = 12 599 194 kgCO 2 e
STEP 2.4 The transport activity is expressed in TEU.km.
S(leg) = T(leg) ÷ T(VOS ) = [(1,5 ÷ 10,5 ) × 18 432] ÷ (6 580 × 70% × 18 432 ) = 3,1015 × 10 -5
G w (leg) = G w (VOS ) × S(leg) = 13 639 127 × 3,1015 × 10 -5 = 423 kgCO 2 e
E t (leg) = E t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 161 989 632 × 3,1015 × 10 -5 = 5 024 MJ
G t (leg) = G t (VOS ) × S(leg) = 12 599 194 × 3,1015 × 10 -5 = 391 kgCO 2 e
E w (TS ) = E w (leg) = 5 471MJ

STEP 3
G w (TS ) = G w (leg) = 423 kgCO 2 e
E t (TS ) = E t (leg) = 5 024 MJ
G t (TS ) = G t (leg) = 391 kgCO 2 e

47
EN 16258:2012 (E)
F.2.4 Overview of the results
Table F.8 gives an overview of the results for the transport service considered in this example.
Table F.8 — Results of example for freight transport service by container ship
Specific Transport operator

Transport operator specific values Default values
measured values fleet values
Ew 5 262 MJ Not considered Not considered 5 471 MJ
Gw 407 kgCO2e Not considered Not considered 423 kgCO2e
Et 4 832 MJ Not considered Not considered 5 024 MJ
Gt 376 kgCO2e Not considered Not considered 391 kgCO2e

--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
48
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex G
(informative)
Example for combined passenger and freight transport: ferry lines
G.1 Description of the example

This example serves as an illustration of the impact of the two allocation methods specified in Annex B on one
real ferry transport system.
The areas in the example are based on 100 % accessible area capacity according to valid general
arrangement plan (GA-plan). The transport statistics used are one year real data i.e. this example presents an
example of annual average allocation values. The values per entity used are the default values presented in
Annex B, Table B1.
Table G.1 — Data for this example
Annual activity data Value per entity
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Entity Quantity Mass (t) Area (m²) Mass (kg) Area (m²) Length (m) Width (m)
Pax deck area 7 550
Vehicles deck area 5 770
Passenger and luggage 478 500 47 850 100
Passenger car 90 000 135 000 1 674 000 1 500 18,6 6 3,1
Bus 1 000 15 000 37 200 15 000 37,2 12 3,1
Caravan (small) 500 500 4 650 1 000 9,3 3 3,1
Caravan (medium) 500 1 000 9 300 2 000 18,6 6 3,1
Caravan (large) 500 1 250 15 500 2 500 31,0 10 3,1
Mobile home - - - 3 500 24,8 8 3,1
Motorcycle 1 000 200 4 650 200 4,7 1,5 3,1
Unaccompanied trailer
Empty trailer 8 000 43,4 14 3,1
Average load per trailer 19 000

Total 4 000 108 000 173 600 27 000 43,4 14 3,1
Accompanied trailer
Empty trailer 16 000 52,7 17 3,1
Average load per trailer 19 000
Total 34 000 1 190 000 1 791 800 35 000 52,7 17 3,1
G.2 Results and comparison of the two allocation methods

In the mass allocation method, the weight of vehicles (including their loads for freight) and weight of
passengers are based on annual activity data and values per entity presented in Table G.1. Table G.2 gives
the corresponding results.

49
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Table G.2 — Results with use of Mass allocation method
Mass allocation method mass %

Freight 1 298 000 87 %
Passengers 200 800 13 %
Total 1 498 800 100 %
In the area allocation method the relation between areas used by freight and passenger serves as the
allocation ratio. Whole passenger deck area is allocated to passengers. Vehicle deck area is allocated
according to the ratio between freight vehicles and passenger vehicles according to activity data and values
per entity presented in Table G1. Table G.3 gives the corresponding results.
Table G.3 — Results with use of Area allocation method
Area allocation method area %

Freight 3 056 23 %
Passengers 10 264 77 %
Total 13 320 100 %
In conclusion, by using one allocation method or the other for the same combined passenger and cargo ferry,
the distribution of energy consumption and GHG emissions gives completely different results. Hence, if the
emission and energy data includes ferry vessel operation and the receiver of the data wishes to compare
results, particular attention should be paid to the consistency in allocation methodology. As stated in Annex
B.1, the ferry allocation method shall be consistent over time and per ferry line unless the ship is converted or
allocated to a different line. Information about the allocation method used for a particular transport service will
be available to the receiver of the data, and can be found in the supporting information which accompanies
the declaration of results (see 10.3.2).
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
50
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex H
(informative)
Detailed sources used and calculations done for establishment of Table

A.1
Fuel type
Sources and explanations of the calculations
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
description
d JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - TTW Report v3c July 2011, page 8 of 46
3
kg/l - "Density kg/m ", "Gasoline 2010"
et JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - TTW Report v3c July 2011, page 8 of 46
MJ/kg - "LHV MJ/kg", "Gasoline 2010"
et calculated: tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/kg is multiplied by density
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
ew - JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix
2, page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to gasoline", "energy expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total
MJ/kg primary", "Best est." : 0,17
- tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/kg is multiplied by 1,17 (=1+0,17)
ew calculated: well-to-wheels energy factor (ew) expressed in MJ/kg is multiplied by density
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
- JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - TTW Report v3c July 2011, page 8 of
46 - "CO2 emissions", "Gasoline 2010": 73,38 g/MJ;
- Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the
gt Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 - Chapter 2 "Changes in Atmospheric
Constituents and in Radiative Forcing", table 2.14: Global Warming Potential for 100
Gasoline gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
- 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 Energy,
Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.2.2 "Motor Gasoline - Low Mileage Light Duty
Vehicle Vintage 1995 or Later", "Default": 3,8 kg/TJ (CH4) and 5,7 kg/TJ (N2O);
- values for CO2, CH4 and N2O are finally added
gt calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in gCO2e/MJ is multiplied by

kgCO2e/kg tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/kg, then divided by 1000
gt calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in gCO2e/kg is multiplied by

kgCO2e/l density (d) in kg/l
calculated:
gw - JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix
2, page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to gasoline", "Net GHG emitted (gCO2eq/MJf)",
gCO2e/MJ "Best est.": 14,2
- this value is added to the tank-to-wheels (gt) emission factor expressed in gCO2e/MJ
gw calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in gCO2e/MJ is multiplied by
gw calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in gCO2e/kg is multiplied by


51
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
3
kg/l - "Density kg/m ", "Ethanol"
MJ/kg - "LHV MJ/kg", "Ethanol"
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
- JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix 2,
page 19 of 68: "WTET1a", "Ethanol from Wheat, Conv NG boiler, DDGS as animal feed",
ew "energy expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total primary", "Best est." : 1,66; "WTET1b", "Ethanol
MJ/kg from Wheat, Conv NG boiler, DDGS as fuel", "energy expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total
primary", "Best est." : 1,24;
- the value selected is the average of the two, so 1,45;
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Ethanol gt
convention
gCO2e/MJ
gt
convention
kgCO2e/kg
gt
convention
kgCO2e/l
calculated:
gw - Directive 2009/30/EC page L 140/96 "The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use
of biofuels (…) shall be at least 35 %"
gCO2e/MJ
- this saving is applied to the well-to-wheels (gw) emission factor of gasoline, expressed in
gCO2e/MJ
52
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d
calculated from values of gasoline (95 % in volume) and ethanol (5 % in volume)
kg/l
et calculated: tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/l is divided by density (d) in
MJ/kg kg/l
et
MJ/l
ew calculated: well-to-wheels energy factor (ew) expressed in MJ/l is divided by density (d) in
MJ/kg kg/l
ew
MJ/l
Gasoline/Ethanol gt calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in kgCO2e/l is multiplied by 1000
blend 95/5 gCO2e/MJ then divided by tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/l
gt calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in gCO2e/l is divided by density
kgCO2e/kg (d) in kg/l
gt
kgCO2e/l
gw calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in kgCO2e/l is multiplied by
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
gCO2e/MJ 1000 then divided by well-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/l
gw calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in kgCO2e/l is divided by density
gw
kgCO2e/l

53
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
3
kg/l - "Density kg/m ", "Diesel 2010"
MJ/kg - "LHV MJ/kg", "Diesel 2010"
calculated: tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/kg is multiplied by density

etMJ/l
(d) in kg/l
calculated:
ew - JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix 2,
page 11 of 68: "COD1", "Crude oil to diesel", "energy expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
46 - "CO2 emissions", "Diesel 2010": 73,25 g/MJ;
Diesel Constituents and in Radiative Forcing", table 2.14: Global Warming Potential for 100
gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.2.2 "Gas / Diesel Oil", "Default": 3,9 kg/TJ (CH4)
and 3,9 kg/TJ (N2O);
calculated:
gw - JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix 2,
page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to diesel", "Net GHG emitted (gCO2eq/MJf)", "Best
gCO2e/MJ est.": 15,9


54
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
3
kg/l - "Density kg/m ", "Bio-diesel"
MJ/kg - "LHV MJ/kg", "Bio-diesel"

MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
MJ/kg page 22 of 68: "ROFA1", "RME, glycerine as chemical, meal as animal feed": 1,09
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
gt
convention
Bio-diesel gCO2e/MJ
gt
convention
kgCO2e/kg
gt
convention
kgCO2e/l
calculated:
gw - Directive 2009/30/EC page L 140/96 "The greenhouse gas emission saving from the use
of biofuels (…) shall be at least 35 %"
gCO2e/MJ
- this saving is applied to the well-to-wheels (gw) emission factor of diesel, expressed in
gCO2e/MJ
gw
calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in gCO2e/MJ is multiplied by
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

55
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
calculated from values of diesel (95 % in volume) and bio-diesel (5 % in volume)
kg/l
et calculated: tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/l is divided by density (d) in
MJ/kg kg/l
et
MJ/l
ew calculated: well-to-wheels energy factor (ew) expressed in MJ/l is divided by density (d) in
MJ/kg kg/l
ew
MJ/l
Diesel/bio-diesel gt calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in kgCO2e/l is multiplied by 1000
blend 95/5 gCO2e/MJ then divided by tank-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/l
gt calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in gCO2e/l is divided by density

gt
kgCO2e/l
gw calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in kgCO2e/l is multiplied by
gCO2e/MJ 1000 then divided by well-to-wheels energy factor (et) expressed in MJ/l
gw calculated: well-to-wheels emission factor (gw) expressed in kgCO2e/l is divided by density
gw
kgCO2e/l
56
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
3
kg/l - "Density kg/m ", "LPG"
- "LHV MJ/kg", "LPG"
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
MJ/kg
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
page 16 of 68: "LRLP1", "LPG from gas field (remote)", "energy expended (MJx/MJf)",
MJ/kg "Total primary", "Best est." : 0,12
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
46 - "CO2 emissions", "LPG": 65,68 g/MJ;
Liquefied Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 - Chapter 2 "Changes in Atmospheric
gt
Petroleum Gas Constituents and in Radiative Forcing", table 2.14: Global Warming Potential for 100
(LPG) gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.2.2 "Liquified petroleum gas", "Default": 62 kg/TJ
(CH4) and 0,2 kg/TJ (N2O);
gt
calculated: tank-to-wheels emission factor (gt) expressed in gCO2e/MJ is multiplied by
calculated:
gw
page 16 of 68: "LRLP1", "LPD from gas field (remote)", "Net GHG emitted (gCO2eq/MJf)",
gCO2e/MJ
"Best est.": 8,0
gw

57
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d
no value proposed
kg/l
MJ/kg - "LHV MJ/kg", "CNG/CBG"
et
no value proposed
MJ/l
- calculated from JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July
ew 2011, Appendix 2, page 13 of 68: "GMCG1", "NG current EU-mix (1000 km)", "energy
expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total primary", "Best est." : 0,12
MJ/kg
ew
no value proposed
MJ/l
calculated:
46 - "CO2 emissions", "CNG/CBG": 56,24 g/MJ;
gtIntergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 - Chapter 2 "Changes in Atmospheric
Compressed Constituents and in Radiative Forcing", table 2.14: Global Warming Potential for 100
Natural Gas gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
(CNG)
Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.2.2 "Natural Gas", "Default": 92 kg/TJ (CH4) and 3
kg/TJ (N2O);
gt
no value proposed
kgCO2e/l
calculated:
page 13 of 68: "GMCG1", "NG current EU-mix (1000 km)", "Net GHG emitted
gCO2e/MJ (gCO2eq/MJf)", "Best est.": 8,7
gw
no value proposed
kgCO2e/l
58
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d
Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/21, 2.2.3 Fuel Density
kg/l
et Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/18, Net Calorific Value (TJ/Gg), "Aviation gasoline
MJ/kg (AvGas)"

MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to gasoline", "energy expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
- Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/18, Emission factor, "Aviation gasoline (AvGas)":
70,0 tCO2/TJ;
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007 - Chapter 2 "Changes in Atmospheric
gt
Aviation Gasoline
(AvGas) gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.6.5 "All fuels", "CH4 Default": 0,5 kg/TJ;"N2O
Default": 2 kg/TJ;
gt
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
calculated:
gw
page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to gasoline", "Net GHG emitted (gCO2eq/MJf)", "Best
gw

59
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d
kg/l
et
Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/18, Net Calorific Value (TJ/Gg), "Jet gasoline (Jet B)"
MJ/kg
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to gasoline", "energy expended (MJx/MJf)", "Total
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
- Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/18, Emission factor, "Jet gasoline (Jet B)": 70,0
tCO2/TJ;
Jet Gasoline (Jet
B) gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
Default": 2 kg/TJ;
calculated:
page 11 of 68: "COG1", "Crude oil to gasoline", "Net GHG emitted (gCO2eq/MJf)", "Best
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
60
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d
kg/l
et Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/18, Net Calorific Value (TJ/Gg), "Jet kerosene (jet A1
MJ/kg or jet A)"

MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
- Decision 2009/339/EC - page L 103/18, Emission factor, "Jet kerosene (jet A1 or jet A)":
71,5 tCO2/TJ;
gt
Jet Kerosene (Jet
A1 and Jet A) gCO2e/MJ years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
Default": 2 kg/TJ;
gt
calculated: --`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
gw
gCO2e/MJ
est.": 15,9
gw

61
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix 1,
3
kg/l page 16 of 108 - "Density kg/m ", "HFO"
et JEC Well-to-Wheels Analysis, version 3c 2011 - WTT Report v3c July 2011, Appendix 1,
MJ/kg page 16 of 108 - "LHV MJ/kg", "HFO"

MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
MJ/kg page 19 of 108: "HFO production", "Mjex/MJ": 0,0880
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
- International Maritime Organization (IMO), Marine Environment Protection Committee
(MEPC), Circular 681, 17 August 2009 - Annex page 2, table of conversion factors,
"Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO): 3,114400 t CO2 per ton of fuel;
- this value of 3,1144 is multiplied per 1000 and then divided by the tank-to-wheels (et)
energy factor;
Heavy Fuel Oil gt
(HFO) gCO2e/MJ Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.5.3 "Ocean-going Ships": 7 kg/TJ (CH4) and
2 kg/TJ (N2O);
years is 25 for CH4 and 298 for N2O;
calculated:
gCO2e/MJ page 19 of 108: "HFO production", "gCO2/MJ": 6,65
--`,``,,`,`,``,`,`,`,,,`,`,,,`-`-`,,`
62
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d ISO 8217:2010 Fuels (class F) Specifications of marine fuels - Table 1, "Density at 15°C",
3
kg/l "DMB": 900,0 kg/m
et 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 Energy,
MJ/kg Chapter 1 Introduction, Table 1.2 "Gas/Diesel Oil", "Net Calorific value": 43,0 TJ/Gg;

MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
"Diesel/Gas Oil): 3,206000 t CO2 per ton of fuel;
energy factor;
Marine Diesel Oil gt
(MDO) gCO2e/MJ Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.5.3 "Ocean-going Ships": 7 kg/TJ (CH4) and
2 kg/TJ (N2O);
gt
calculated:
gw
gw
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63
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Fuel type
description
d ISO 8217:2010 Fuels (class F) Specifications of marine fuels - Table 1, "Density at 15°C",
3
kg/l "DMA": 890,0 kg/m
et 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, Volume 2 Energy,
MJ/kg Chapter 1 Introduction, Table 1.2 "Gas/Diesel Oil", "Net Calorific value": 43,0 TJ/Gg;

MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
MJ/l (d) in kg/l
calculated:
"Diesel/Gas Oil): 3,206000 t CO2 per ton of fuel;
energy factor;
Marine Gas Oil gt
(MGO) gCO2e/MJ Chapter 3 Mobile Combustion, Table 3.5.3 "Ocean-going Ships": 7 kg/TJ (CH4) and
2 kg/TJ (N2O);
calculated:
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64
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Annex I
(informative)
Example of available sources of default values
®
a) ADEME: Base Carbone ;
b) Connekt e.a. : Lijst emissiefactoren;
c) Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs (Defra, United Kingdom); Defra / DECC's GHG
Conversion Factors for Company Reporting;
d) EcoPassenger;
e) EcoTransIT World (Ecological Transport Information Tool);
f) European Commission – JRC (Joint Research Centre):
1) European Reference Life Cycle Database (ELCD);
2) Well-to-Wheels Analyses;
g) Federal Environment Agency (Umwelt Bundes Amt, Germany): PROBAS (Prozessorientierte Basisdaten
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für Umweltmanagement-Instrumente);
h) IEA (International Energy Agency);
i) INFRAS (mandated by the responsible authorities of Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden, France and
Norway): HBEFA (Handbook Emission Factors for Road Transport);
j) International Maritime Organization (IMO): EEOI (Energy Efficiency Operational Indicator);
k) International Union of Railways (UCI):
l) NTM, Network for Transport and Environment (NTMCalc Goods & NTMCalc Travel);
m) Oeko-Institut (Germany): GEMIS (Global Emission Model for Integrated Systems);
n) SÅ Miljöcalc;
o) Ecoinvent Centre (Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories): Ecoinvent Life Cycle Inventory;
p) Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT, Finland): LIPASTO ;
q) WRI/WBCSD: GHG Protocol (Greenhouse Gas Protocol);
NOTE Default values presented by any of the sources included in this list may or may not have been calculated in full
accordance with this standard.

65
EN 16258:2012 (E)
Bibliography
[1] BSI : PAS 2050, Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods
and services
[2] CEN/TR 14310:2002; Freight transportation services — Declaration and reporting of environmental
performance in freight transport chains
[3] EcoPassenger
[4] EcoTransIT World (Ecological Transport Information Tool)
[5] EN 14943:2005, Transport services — Logistics — Glossary of terms

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[6] European Commission directives 2009/28/EC and 2009/30/EC, and European Commission
"Consultation paper on the measures for the implementation of Article 7a(5)"
[7] European Commission directives 2003/87/EC (EU ETS), 2009/29/EC (amending 2003/87/EC),
2008/101/EC (amending 2003/87/EC), and decisions 2007/589/EC and 2009/339/EC (amending
2007/589/EC)
TM
[8] Global Reportive Initiative : G3 Guidelines
[9] International Maritime Organization (IMO), Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC),
Circular 681 (17 August 2009)
[10] IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories 2006
[11] IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis
[12] ISO 8217:2010, Petroleum products — Fuels (class F) — Specifications of marine fuels
[13] ISO 13600, Technical energy systems — Basic concepts
[14] EN ISO 14040, Environmental management — Life cycle assessment — Principles and framework
[15] EN ISO 14064 (all parts), Greenhouse gases management
[16] ISO/DIS 14067:2012, Carbon footprint of products — Requirements and guidelines for quantification
and communication
[17] EN ISO 50001:2011, Energy management systems — Requirements with guidance for use
[18] NTM, Network for Transport and Environment (NTMCalc Goods & NTMCalc Travel);
[19] CEN CENELEC TR 16103:2010 "Energy management and energy efficiency — Glossary of terms"
[20] Well-to-Wheels Analysis of Future Automotive Fuels and Power Trains in the European Context -
Reports Version 3c 2011, JEC (European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Energy;
CONCAWE; EUCAR)
[21] WRI/WBCSD: GHG Protocol (Greenhouse Gas Protocol)
66
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For information regarding the development of standards contact:

Asociación Española de Normalización
Génova, 6
28004 MADRID-España
Tel.: 915 294 900
[email protected]
www.une.org
For information regarding the sale and distribution:

AENOR INTERNACIONAL S.A.U.
Tel.: 914 326 160
[email protected]
www.aenor.com
Spanish standardization body in:


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Spanish standard

Methodology for calculation and declaration of energy

This standard has been prepared by the Technical

Copyright AsociaciÃ³n EspaÃ±ola de NormalizaciÃ³n y CertificaciÃ³n

Méthodologie pour le calcul et la déclaration de la consommation d'énergie et des émissions de gaz à

This standard is the official English version of EN 16258:2012.

The remarks to this document must be sent to:

Asociación Española de Normalización

Copyright AsociaciÃ³n EspaÃ±ola de NormalizaciÃ³n y CertificaciÃ³n

Methodology for calculation and declaration of energy

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 8 September 2012.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels

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8 Principles of allocation to cargo and/or passengers ...................................................................... 17

10.3.2 Transparent description of the method ............................................................................................ 21

F.2.3 Example with use of default values ................................................................................................... 47

Copyright AsociaciÃ³n EspaÃ±ola de NormalizaciÃ³n y CertificaciÃ³n

Copyright AsociaciÃ³n EspaÃ±ola de NormalizaciÃ³n y CertificaciÃ³n

 transport service operators (freight or passengers carriers);

2 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

2.1 General terms

[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2006]

[SOURCE: adapted from ISO 14021:2010]

[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2011 modified]

[SOURCE: ISO 13600:1997]

[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2011]

EXAMPLE Vehicle propulsion, cooling, heating.

[SOURCE: EN ISO 50001:2011 modified]

[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2006 modified]

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[SOURCE: ISO 14064-1:2006 modified]

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]

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2.2 Specific terms

EXAMPLE Positioning trips are empty trips.

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]

[SOURCE: EN 14943:2005 modified]

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3 Units and symbols

3.2 GHG emissions

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4.2 Processes included

The energy operational processes shall include:

NOTE 1 Details of excluded processes and examples are given in 4.3.

4.3 Processes not included

 processes implemented by external handling or transhipment devices (for freight), or by external

 processes for the construction, maintenance, and scrapping of vehicles;

 processes of construction, service, maintenance, and dismantling of transport infrastructures used by

4.4 Greenhouse gases

4.5 Carbon offsetting and emissions trading

5 Principles of calculation of energy consumption and GHG emissions in transport

5.1 General objectives

Calculation shall take into account:

 all loaded and empty trips made by each vehicle.

Calculation shall produce the four following results: