CHAPTER 1

Answer Key
I. Enumeration: Write the correct number for each statement.

1. c. Coastal Engineering

2. iv. All of the above

3. a. 299,764 sq. km.

4. d. 70%

5. a. Port of Manila

II. Identification: Identify whether the statement is True (T) or False (F).

6. False

7. True

8. True

9. True

10. True

III. Fill in the Blank: Complete the following sentences.

11. organization, conception, development

12. coastal

13. 40%, 60%

14. Port District Offices (PDO)

15. natural evolution, processes

16. agricultural

17. natural phenomena

18. ice sheets, glaciers

19. Pantalan sa Sugbo

20. Port District Offices (PDOs)

 CHAPTER 2
Answer Key:

1. energy

2. wave

3. vibration

4. medium

5. source

6. medium

7. Oscillation

8. Periodic wave, Pulse wave

9. Amplitude

10. Wavelength

11. Frequency

12. Period

13. Tides, Storm surge & Barometric surge, Seiche

14. Seasonal

15. Climatic fluctuations, Eustatic (sea) level rise, Isostatic (land) emergence and subsidence,
Climate change

16. Earth, Moon, Sun

17. Theory of static tides

18. Two tides each day are not the same height

19. Tide-generating movements

20. Shear by onshore wind over the water surface

21. Equator, extensive coastline

22. Vibrations of the Earth, like earthquakes

23. Tropical or extra-tropical cyclones

24. Barometric pressure

25. Lake, bay, harbor, swimming pool

26. Open ocean

27. Consecutive years

28. Melting or freezing of polar ice caps, thermal expansion of water with temperature change

29. Thick ice sheet during the last glaciation

30. Greenhouse gases

31. Gravitational attraction of Earth, Centrifugal force, Gravitational attraction of the Moon,
Gravitational attraction of the Sun

32. Shape of the bay, River flow, Shape of the channel & Friction

33. Tacloban City, Bicol Region

34. Tacloban City - Yolanda (2013), Bicol Region - Usagi (2018)

35. Periodic wave, Pulse wave

 CHAPTER 3
Answer Key:

1. Phillips Resonance

2. Momentum Transfer

3. Wind Wave Spectrum

4. Time

5. Wave-by-Wave

6. Sinusoidal

7. Frequencies

8. Direction

9. Statistical relationship

10. Mathematical

11. Height

12. Directly

13. Validation

14. Less time

15. Gravity

Enumeration Answers:

16. Wind

17. Fetch length

18. Wind duration

19. Wave height

20. Wave period

21. Wave frequency

22. Wave direction

23. Wave shape

24. Wind condition

25. Fetch

26. Empirical method

27. Numerical weather prediction model

28. Satellite observation

29. Wave rider buoys

30. Wave Spectra

31. Wave Equation

32. Numerical Discretization

33. Wind Input

34. Wave Breaking & Dissipation

35. Boundary Conditions

36. Validation

37. High wind speeds

38. Quick changes in weather

39. Limited duration of impact

40. Less time for preparation

 CHAPTER 4
Answer Key:

1. Years

2. Extreme

3. "storms"

4.

1. Normal Probability Distribution

2. Log-Normal Probability Distribution

3. Gumbel Distribution

4. Weibull Distribution

5. Extrapolated

6. Parameters

7. Value

8. Construction

9. Wave

10. POT (Peak Over Threshold)

Enumeration Answers:

11.

1. Grouped data

2. Ordered data

12.

1. Normal Probability Distribution

2. Log-Normal Probability Distribution

3. Gumbel Distribution

4. Weibull Distribution

13.

1. Wave persistence

2. Persistence of high wave conditions

3. Persistence of calms
 CHAPTER 5
Answer Key:

1. Tides

2. Depositional

3. Littoral Drift

4. Water

5. Erode

6. Ocean

7. Grain size

8. 1500

9. 9 meters

10.

1. Decrease in sediment supply

2. Commutation (reducing)

3. Submergence

4. Human interferences

Enumeration Answers:

11.

1. Tides

2. Wind

3. Waves

12.

1. Decrease in sediment supply

2. Commutation (reducing)

3. Submergence
 CHAPTER 6
Answer Key:

1. Timber piling

2. Perforated concrete block

3. Mooring cable, Submarine cable, Tendon cable, Anchor cable

4. Preventing the core material from coking

5. Nonbreaking-wave forces

6. Concrete

7. Box breakwater, Pontoon type breakwater, Mat breakwaters, Tethered float breakwaters

8. To prevent wave transmission

9. Rip rap

10. Transport of fluids

11. Box breakwater, Pontoon type breakwater, Mat breakwaters, Tethered float breakwaters

12. Core, Toe, Filter layer, Armour layer, Superstructure

13. Mooring cable, Submarine cable, Tendon cable

14. Perforated concrete block, Geosynthetic tubes, Reef balls

15. Tetrapods, Rip rap, Gabions, Accropode

16. Vertical, Curved, Mound, Riprap, Stepped, Revetment, Gabion, Anchored, Cantilever

17. Wave & erosion mitigation, Shoreline stabilization, Protection of infrastructure, Enhancement of
coastal resilience

18. Timber piling, Sheet piling, H piling, Pipe piling, Concrete piling

19. Nonbreaking-wave forces, Breaking-wave forces, Broken-wave forces

20. Concrete, Steel, Wood, Vinyl/PVC, Stone/Riprap, Gabions, Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP), Geo-
synthetic
 CHAPTER 7
Answer Key:

1. shoreline

2. equilibrium

3. Coriolis

4. radiation

5. heights, periods

6. bed

7. seasonal

8. navigable

9. Seawalls

10. sand

11. renourishment

12. dredge

13. beach

14. saltation

15. sediment budget

16. River

17. eroding

18. artificial

19. sinks

20. sinks

Enumeration:

21. Constructing structures, dredging channels, beach nourishment projects.

22. Altering sediment supply, adjusting wave energy flux, interfering with sediment transport
processes.

23. Shore-perpendicular structures, shore-parallel onshore structures, shore-parallel offshore

structures.

24. Groins, jetties, breakwaters.

25. Suspension, saltation, surface creep.

26. River, beach and cliff erosion, artificial beach nourishment, nearshore reefs.

27. Tidal entrances, structures, wind transport.

28. Incident wave climate, surf zone dimensions and position, current flow patterns, dredge
capacities.
 CHAPTER 8
Answer Key:

Identification-Type Questions:

1. Hydrology

2. Water resources engineering

3. Flood stage

4. 332,500,000

5. 71

6. Surface water

7. Subsurface water

8. Abstraction

9. Design objectives of water-resource systems

10. Water conservation

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

11. Infiltration

12. Rainwater

13. 59

14. Lake Lanao

15. Irrigation

16. Sprinkler

17. Future

18. Dam

19. Gravity

20. Weir

Enumeration:

21. Saltwater, freshwater, water vapor

22. Perennial, ephemeral, man-made

23. Water quality improvement, water pollution reduction, water conservation, infrastructure
development
24. Any four of the following: Repair all leakages, do not waste water, use minimum water as
required, use water meter to know consumption

25. Rainwater collection, runoff collection, recharge to groundwater, runoff enhancement

 CHAPTER 9
Answer Key:

Identification-Type Questions:

1. Hydrology

2. Water resources engineering

3. Flood stage

4. 332,500,000 cubic miles

5. 71

6. Surface water

7. Abstraction

8. Hydrological cycle

9. River basins

10. Water conservation

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

11. Infiltration

12. 59

13. Lake Lanao

14. Irrigation

15. Sprinkler

16. Future

17. Dam

18. Gravity

19. Weir

20. Residence time

Enumeration:

21. Saltwater, freshwater, water vapor

22. Perennial, ephemeral, man-made

23. Water quality improvement, water pollution reduction, water conservation, infrastructure
development
24. Any four of the following: Repair all leakages, do not waste water, use minimum water as
required, use water meter to know consumption

25. Rainwater collection, runoff collection, recharge to groundwater, runoff enhancement

 CHAPTER 10
Answer Key:

Identification-Type Questions:

1. Hydrology

2. State

3. Council

4. Beneficial use

5. Legal easement

6. State

7. Microbiological, physical, chemical, radiological

8. Appropriation

9. Natural Water Resources Council

10. Canal or aqueduct

Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:

11. Water right

12. Other purposes

13. Consumer

14. Beneficial

15. Water Code

16. Normal

17. Protected area

18. Human

19. Other

20. Water permit

Enumeration:

21. Non-use, gross violation of conditions, unauthorized sale, willful failure to comply, pollution,
public nuisance, disqualification, conversion of land, other similar grounds.
22. Rivers and their natural beds, continuous or intermittent waters of springs and brooks, natural
lakes and lagoons, all other categories of surface waters, atmospheric water, subterranean or
ground waters, seawater.

23. Ammonia, boron, copper or dissolved copper, fecal coliform, phosphate, sulfate.

24. Appropriation of water for any purpose, change in purpose, amendment of existing permit,
transfer or lease of water right, developing a stream, lake, or spring for recreational purposes,
lowering or raising water levels, transbasin diversion, dumping of mine tailings, other instances
determined by the Council.

25. Appropriation without a permit, obstruction of irrigation canal, distribution affecting public
health, excavation or enlargement of a hot spring, obstruction of a river or waterway,
establishment of a cemetery or waste disposal area, constructing works producing dangerous
substances, dumping mine tailings, misrepresentation of citizenship, destruction of hydraulic
works valued more than Php100,000.